This article discusses the rights of patients who are attending hospital for the most common labo... more This article discusses the rights of patients who are attending hospital for the most common laboratory examinations and who may also be taking part in research studies. A distinction is made between five kinds of rights to: protection of privacy, physical integrity, mental integrity, information and self-determination. The data were collected ( n = 204) by means of a structured questionnaire specifically developed for this study in the clinical chemistry, haematological, physiological and neurophysiological laboratories of one randomly selected university hospital in Finland. The analysis of the data was statistical. On the whole, patients’ rights were realized reasonably well. This was most particularly the case with protection of privacy, as well as with the rights of physical and mental integrity. The rights to information and self-determination were less well realized. There are various steps that health care professionals and organizations can take to make sure that patients c...
Nephrology nursing journal : journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association
In order to be empowered in different situations related to dialysis care, patients need knowledg... more In order to be empowered in different situations related to dialysis care, patients need knowledge. This study describes the knowledge expectations of patients on dialysis treatment (n = 47) and selected background variables. The results indicated that patients expressed moderate knowledge expectations. Most important were the biophysiological, functional, and ethical dimensions of knowledge. The least important were the social and experiential dimensions of knowledge. Patients' age, employment status, dialysis modality, and length of dialysis were positively correlated with knowledge expectations.
Information technology has been taught as part of nursing curricula for several years. With compu... more Information technology has been taught as part of nursing curricula for several years. With computer literacy now a basic requirement in clinical nursing practice, it is important to look more seriously at the standards and methods of teaching information technology at nursing colleges. In this study the objectives of teaching information technology and the content of information technology studies were evaluated by nurse educators (n = 162) and by an expert panel (n = 15). Nurse educators and the expert panel had more or less identical views on what those objectives should be. The quality and outcomes of information technology teaching in nurse education have never been measured in Finland before. In order to find out the consumers' point of view, student nurses were asked to assess their knowledge and skills in computer use. The student nurses (n = 373) felt that they had a reasonable command of the theoretical knowledge in information technology. However, their keyboard skills were confined to the use of word processors.
This paper deals with the patient satisfaction, as an indicator of the quality of nursing care. T... more This paper deals with the patient satisfaction, as an indicator of the quality of nursing care. The literature review and a Finnish empirical illustration, using patient interviews, are included in the article. The results indicate a high level of satisfaction. However, there is no basis to use the measurement of patient satisfaction as a sole indicator of the quality of care, because the satisfied patients expressed also reasons for dissatisfaction.
British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), Jan 13, 2003
Despite the growing Interest In clinical healthcare ethics, there Is a dearth of empirical studie... more Despite the growing Interest In clinical healthcare ethics, there Is a dearth of empirical studies Investigating the ethical elements of day-to-day clinical practice from the perspective of either patients or staff. This article, the third In a four-part series, reports the results of a Scottish study that formed part of a multl-slte comparative study funded by the European Commission. It explores patient autonomy, privacy and Informed consent In the care of elderly people In long-stay care facilities (I.e. nursing homes and continuing care units). A convenience sample of 101 elderly residents and their nurses (n=160) participated In the study. Data were collected by means of a selfcompletion questionnaire for staff and a structured Interview schedule for elderly residents. Results Indicate marked differences between staff's and residents' responses on three of the four dimensions explored: Informatlon-glvlng, and opportunity to participate In declslon-maklng about care and ...
This article concentrates on the concepts of responsibility and accountability in intensive care ... more This article concentrates on the concepts of responsibility and accountability in intensive care nursing. The purpose is to pay attention to the two-dimensionality of the concepts: human-responsibility and task-responsibility. The character of intensive care nursing makes it necessary to consider these concepts and try to find ways to give the patients more responsibility for their own care.
This article describes the views of surgical inpatients (n=464) and nursing staff (n=451) on the ... more This article describes the views of surgical inpatients (n=464) and nursing staff (n=451) on the realisation of patient autonomy and informed consent in Finland. The data for the study were collected in a questionnaire and analysed by statistical methods. Patient autonomy was divided into two components, viz. decision-making and access to relevant information. Overall surgical patients enjoyed reasonably high levels of autonomy, although the views of patients and nurses differed statistically significantly. Significant differences were also observed between patients' and nurses' views on informed consent. Several background factors were associated with the realisation of autonomy and informed consent. Further research needs to pay attention to the most problematic areas: information about the risks involved in different surgical procedures, decision-making on alternative therapies, and the presence of a support person during procedures. Also the reasons for differences in the views of patients and nursing staff should be explored. The study forms part of an EU-funded project (BMH4-CT98–3555) coordinated by Finland and involving Spain, Greece, Germany and Scotland.
To explore inter-country variation of factors associated with institutionalization of people with... more To explore inter-country variation of factors associated with institutionalization of people with dementia. There is an urgent need for evidence on whether factors associated with admission to institutional dementia care are applicable across healthcare systems, as increasing evidence suggests that these factors could be country-specific. A prospective cohort study. Primary data were collected in eight European countries, at baseline and after 3 months follow-up (November 2010-April 2012). The sample included 2014 dyads of people with dementia and their informal caregivers; 791 patients were recently institutionalized, 1223 patients lived at home and were at risk of institutionalization. Associations between care setting (institution vs. home) and factors shown to influence institutionalization (e.g. cognition, independence in activities of daily life, behaviour) were studied. Considerable differences were found between the eight countries in characteristics of people with dementia ...
Background: Privacy has been recognized as a basic human right and a part of quality of care. How... more Background: Privacy has been recognized as a basic human right and a part of quality of care. However, little is known about the privacy of Somali asylum seekers in healthcare, even though they are one of the largest asylum seeker groups in the world. Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the content and importance of privacy and its importance in healthcare from the perspective of Somali asylum seekers. Research design: The data of this explorative qualitative study were collected by four focus group interviews with 18 Somali asylum seekers with the help of an interpreter. The data were analysed by inductive content analysis. Ethical considerations: Research permissions were obtained from the director of the reception centre and from the Department of Social Services. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Turku University. Findings: The content of privacy includes visual privacy, physical privacy and informational privacy. All contents can be shared ...
The aim of this study was to describe the current patient education practices of dental hygienist... more The aim of this study was to describe the current patient education practices of dental hygienists by exploring their views concerning their skills and knowledge related to patient education and by determining the implementation of patient education in their work, with regard to both method and content. The target group consisted of 416 dental hygienists (n = 222, 53%) The research strategy used was a survey. The material was gathered using questionnaire. According to the dental hygienists, their skills and knowledge about patient education were good. However, the implementation of education was not in line with these assessments. The content of the education given focused mostly on the functional dimension. Little use was made of various educational methods, and the dental hygienists felt that they were not in good enough command of the methods. The patient's expectations and learning were not assessed systematically. The education provided and the assessment of the need for ed...
In Finland nursing education and research in universities was established in 1979. Research in nu... more In Finland nursing education and research in universities was established in 1979. Research in nursing, however, was done in some amount even before in other disciplines and in the Institute of Nursing Research. In this article, nursing research during 1958-1995 is described, based on the articles in the Finnish Yearbook of Nursing (1958-1988), in the Journal of Nursing Science (Hoitotiede, 1989-1995) and academic licentiate and doctoral dissertations. The analysis indicates strong growth of nursing research in Finland since 1950s. The content of research is multidimensional. The nature of research is quantitative and descriptive; many of the doctoral dissertations in 1990s are qualitative. The research interest has been mainly the patient. Articles in research methods and concept analysis are rare.
To report a review of quality regarding sampling, sample and data collection procedures of empiri... more To report a review of quality regarding sampling, sample and data collection procedures of empirical nursing research of ethical climate studies where nurses were informants. Surveys are needed to obtain generalisable information about topics sensitive to nursing. Methodological quality of the studies is of key concern, especially the description of sampling and data collection procedures. Methodological literature review. Using the electronic MEDLINE database, empirical nursing research articles focusing on ethical climate were accessed in 2013 (earliest-22 November 2013). Using the search terms 'ethical' AND ('climate*' OR 'environment*') AND ('nurse*' OR 'nursing'), 376 citations were retrieved. Based on a four-phase retrieval process, 26 studies were included in the detailed analysis. Sampling method was reported in 58% of the studies, and it was random in a minority of the studies (26%). The identification of target sample and its size (92%) was reported, whereas justification for sample size was less often given. In over two-thirds (69%) of the studies with identifiable response rate, it was below 75%. A variety of data collection procedures were used with large amount of missing data about the details of who distributed, recruited and collected the questionnaires. Methods to increase response rates were seldom described. Discussion about nonresponse, representativeness of the sample and generalisability of the results was missing in many studies. This review highlights the methodological challenges and developments that need to be considered in ensuring the use of valid information in developing health care through research findings.
This article discusses the rights of patients who are attending hospital for the most common labo... more This article discusses the rights of patients who are attending hospital for the most common laboratory examinations and who may also be taking part in research studies. A distinction is made between five kinds of rights to: protection of privacy, physical integrity, mental integrity, information and self-determination. The data were collected ( n = 204) by means of a structured questionnaire specifically developed for this study in the clinical chemistry, haematological, physiological and neurophysiological laboratories of one randomly selected university hospital in Finland. The analysis of the data was statistical. On the whole, patients’ rights were realized reasonably well. This was most particularly the case with protection of privacy, as well as with the rights of physical and mental integrity. The rights to information and self-determination were less well realized. There are various steps that health care professionals and organizations can take to make sure that patients c...
Nephrology nursing journal : journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association
In order to be empowered in different situations related to dialysis care, patients need knowledg... more In order to be empowered in different situations related to dialysis care, patients need knowledge. This study describes the knowledge expectations of patients on dialysis treatment (n = 47) and selected background variables. The results indicated that patients expressed moderate knowledge expectations. Most important were the biophysiological, functional, and ethical dimensions of knowledge. The least important were the social and experiential dimensions of knowledge. Patients' age, employment status, dialysis modality, and length of dialysis were positively correlated with knowledge expectations.
Information technology has been taught as part of nursing curricula for several years. With compu... more Information technology has been taught as part of nursing curricula for several years. With computer literacy now a basic requirement in clinical nursing practice, it is important to look more seriously at the standards and methods of teaching information technology at nursing colleges. In this study the objectives of teaching information technology and the content of information technology studies were evaluated by nurse educators (n = 162) and by an expert panel (n = 15). Nurse educators and the expert panel had more or less identical views on what those objectives should be. The quality and outcomes of information technology teaching in nurse education have never been measured in Finland before. In order to find out the consumers' point of view, student nurses were asked to assess their knowledge and skills in computer use. The student nurses (n = 373) felt that they had a reasonable command of the theoretical knowledge in information technology. However, their keyboard skills were confined to the use of word processors.
This paper deals with the patient satisfaction, as an indicator of the quality of nursing care. T... more This paper deals with the patient satisfaction, as an indicator of the quality of nursing care. The literature review and a Finnish empirical illustration, using patient interviews, are included in the article. The results indicate a high level of satisfaction. However, there is no basis to use the measurement of patient satisfaction as a sole indicator of the quality of care, because the satisfied patients expressed also reasons for dissatisfaction.
British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), Jan 13, 2003
Despite the growing Interest In clinical healthcare ethics, there Is a dearth of empirical studie... more Despite the growing Interest In clinical healthcare ethics, there Is a dearth of empirical studies Investigating the ethical elements of day-to-day clinical practice from the perspective of either patients or staff. This article, the third In a four-part series, reports the results of a Scottish study that formed part of a multl-slte comparative study funded by the European Commission. It explores patient autonomy, privacy and Informed consent In the care of elderly people In long-stay care facilities (I.e. nursing homes and continuing care units). A convenience sample of 101 elderly residents and their nurses (n=160) participated In the study. Data were collected by means of a selfcompletion questionnaire for staff and a structured Interview schedule for elderly residents. Results Indicate marked differences between staff's and residents' responses on three of the four dimensions explored: Informatlon-glvlng, and opportunity to participate In declslon-maklng about care and ...
This article concentrates on the concepts of responsibility and accountability in intensive care ... more This article concentrates on the concepts of responsibility and accountability in intensive care nursing. The purpose is to pay attention to the two-dimensionality of the concepts: human-responsibility and task-responsibility. The character of intensive care nursing makes it necessary to consider these concepts and try to find ways to give the patients more responsibility for their own care.
This article describes the views of surgical inpatients (n=464) and nursing staff (n=451) on the ... more This article describes the views of surgical inpatients (n=464) and nursing staff (n=451) on the realisation of patient autonomy and informed consent in Finland. The data for the study were collected in a questionnaire and analysed by statistical methods. Patient autonomy was divided into two components, viz. decision-making and access to relevant information. Overall surgical patients enjoyed reasonably high levels of autonomy, although the views of patients and nurses differed statistically significantly. Significant differences were also observed between patients' and nurses' views on informed consent. Several background factors were associated with the realisation of autonomy and informed consent. Further research needs to pay attention to the most problematic areas: information about the risks involved in different surgical procedures, decision-making on alternative therapies, and the presence of a support person during procedures. Also the reasons for differences in the views of patients and nursing staff should be explored. The study forms part of an EU-funded project (BMH4-CT98–3555) coordinated by Finland and involving Spain, Greece, Germany and Scotland.
To explore inter-country variation of factors associated with institutionalization of people with... more To explore inter-country variation of factors associated with institutionalization of people with dementia. There is an urgent need for evidence on whether factors associated with admission to institutional dementia care are applicable across healthcare systems, as increasing evidence suggests that these factors could be country-specific. A prospective cohort study. Primary data were collected in eight European countries, at baseline and after 3 months follow-up (November 2010-April 2012). The sample included 2014 dyads of people with dementia and their informal caregivers; 791 patients were recently institutionalized, 1223 patients lived at home and were at risk of institutionalization. Associations between care setting (institution vs. home) and factors shown to influence institutionalization (e.g. cognition, independence in activities of daily life, behaviour) were studied. Considerable differences were found between the eight countries in characteristics of people with dementia ...
Background: Privacy has been recognized as a basic human right and a part of quality of care. How... more Background: Privacy has been recognized as a basic human right and a part of quality of care. However, little is known about the privacy of Somali asylum seekers in healthcare, even though they are one of the largest asylum seeker groups in the world. Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the content and importance of privacy and its importance in healthcare from the perspective of Somali asylum seekers. Research design: The data of this explorative qualitative study were collected by four focus group interviews with 18 Somali asylum seekers with the help of an interpreter. The data were analysed by inductive content analysis. Ethical considerations: Research permissions were obtained from the director of the reception centre and from the Department of Social Services. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Turku University. Findings: The content of privacy includes visual privacy, physical privacy and informational privacy. All contents can be shared ...
The aim of this study was to describe the current patient education practices of dental hygienist... more The aim of this study was to describe the current patient education practices of dental hygienists by exploring their views concerning their skills and knowledge related to patient education and by determining the implementation of patient education in their work, with regard to both method and content. The target group consisted of 416 dental hygienists (n = 222, 53%) The research strategy used was a survey. The material was gathered using questionnaire. According to the dental hygienists, their skills and knowledge about patient education were good. However, the implementation of education was not in line with these assessments. The content of the education given focused mostly on the functional dimension. Little use was made of various educational methods, and the dental hygienists felt that they were not in good enough command of the methods. The patient's expectations and learning were not assessed systematically. The education provided and the assessment of the need for ed...
In Finland nursing education and research in universities was established in 1979. Research in nu... more In Finland nursing education and research in universities was established in 1979. Research in nursing, however, was done in some amount even before in other disciplines and in the Institute of Nursing Research. In this article, nursing research during 1958-1995 is described, based on the articles in the Finnish Yearbook of Nursing (1958-1988), in the Journal of Nursing Science (Hoitotiede, 1989-1995) and academic licentiate and doctoral dissertations. The analysis indicates strong growth of nursing research in Finland since 1950s. The content of research is multidimensional. The nature of research is quantitative and descriptive; many of the doctoral dissertations in 1990s are qualitative. The research interest has been mainly the patient. Articles in research methods and concept analysis are rare.
To report a review of quality regarding sampling, sample and data collection procedures of empiri... more To report a review of quality regarding sampling, sample and data collection procedures of empirical nursing research of ethical climate studies where nurses were informants. Surveys are needed to obtain generalisable information about topics sensitive to nursing. Methodological quality of the studies is of key concern, especially the description of sampling and data collection procedures. Methodological literature review. Using the electronic MEDLINE database, empirical nursing research articles focusing on ethical climate were accessed in 2013 (earliest-22 November 2013). Using the search terms 'ethical' AND ('climate*' OR 'environment*') AND ('nurse*' OR 'nursing'), 376 citations were retrieved. Based on a four-phase retrieval process, 26 studies were included in the detailed analysis. Sampling method was reported in 58% of the studies, and it was random in a minority of the studies (26%). The identification of target sample and its size (92%) was reported, whereas justification for sample size was less often given. In over two-thirds (69%) of the studies with identifiable response rate, it was below 75%. A variety of data collection procedures were used with large amount of missing data about the details of who distributed, recruited and collected the questionnaires. Methods to increase response rates were seldom described. Discussion about nonresponse, representativeness of the sample and generalisability of the results was missing in many studies. This review highlights the methodological challenges and developments that need to be considered in ensuring the use of valid information in developing health care through research findings.
Uploads
Papers by H. Leino-kilpi