The importance of the Dutch Revolution of the late eighteenth century for political developments ... more The importance of the Dutch Revolution of the late eighteenth century for political developments in the Northern Netherlands is still contested. Most historians view the period as the starting point of a number of democratic institutions, including elections. Others have pointed out, however, that the nineteenth century shows a remarkable amount of continuity in political practice with the early modern period, and have therefore questioned the impact of political change. Scholarship on the political system during the revolutionary era has paid little attention to the exclusion of a specific group from electoral politics: political opponents of the revolution. The debates on the question of whether Orangists should have access to the ballot were intense in the Northern Netherlands, where a political struggle between Patriots and Orangists had been taking place since the 1780s. Through a consideration of why the Dutch revolutionaries placed such electoral barriers against their politi...
De moderne Nederlandse democratie ontstond na het uitbreken van de Bataafse Revolutie (1795), toe... more De moderne Nederlandse democratie ontstond na het uitbreken van de Bataafse Revolutie (1795), toen het bestel van de oude Republiek op de schop ging. In korte tijd transformeerde Nederland van een federatie naar een eenheidsstaat waarin burgers gelijk waren voor de wet, en van een land bestuurd door regenten en Oranjes naar een vertegenwoordigende democratie. Dit alles werd vastgelegd in de eerste grondwet van Nederland: de Staatsregeling van 1798. Mart Rutjes onderzocht de wortels van de moderne Nederlandse democratie. Wat waren de ideeen achter deze hervormingen? Waarom vonden revolutiegezinde Nederlanders democratie en burgerrechten belangrijk? Hij laat zien dat de politieke opvattingen uit de late achttiende eeuw gebaseerd waren op nieuwe en radicale opvattingen over de menselijke en burgerlijke gelijkheid. Samen met oudere denkbeelden over actief burgerschap creeerde dit gelijkheidsdenken een explosieve combinatie die de basis vormde voor een nieuwe politiek en een nieuwe staat...
Timeline of the Sister Republics (1794-1806)[-]The political culture of the Sister republics - Jo... more Timeline of the Sister Republics (1794-1806)[-]The political culture of the Sister republics - Joris Oddens and Mart Rutjes[-]'The political passions of other nations'. National choices and the European order in the writings of Germaine de Sta l - Biancamaria Fontana[-][-]1. THE TRANSFORMATION OF REPUBLICANISM[-]The transformation of republicanism in the Sister Republics - Andrew Jainchill[-]'Republic' and 'democracy' in Dutch late eighteenth-century revolutionary discourse - Wyger R. E. Velema[-]New wine and old wineskins. Republicanism in the Helvetic Republic - Urte Weeber[-][-]2. POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND LANGUAGES[-]Revolutionary concepts and languages in the Sister Republics of the late 1790s - Pasi Ihalainen[-]Useful citizens. Citizenship and democracy in the Batavian Republic, 1795-1801 - Mart Rutjes[-]From rights to citizenship to the Helvetian indig nat. Political integration of citizens under the Helvetic Republic - Silvia Arlettaz[-]The battle over 'democracy' in Italian political thought during the revolutionary triennio, 1796-1799 - Mauro Lenci[-][-]3. THE INVENTION OF DEMOCRATIC PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICES[-]Parliamentary practices in the Sister Republics in the light of the French experience - Malcolm Crook[-]Making the most of national time. Accountability, transparency, and term limits in the f.irst Dutch Parliament (1796-1797) - Joris Oddens[-]The invention of democratic parliamentary practices in the Helvetic Republic. Some remarks - Andr Holenstein[-]The Neapolitan republican experiment of 1799. Legislation, balance of power, and the workings of democracy between theory and practice - Valeria Ferrari[-][-]4. PRESS, POLITICS, AND PUBLIC OPINION[-]Censorship and press liberty in the Sister Republics. Some reflections - Simon Burrows[-]1798: A turning point? Censorship in the Batavian Republic - Erik Jacobs[-]Censorship and public opinion. Press and politics in the Helvetic Republic (1798-1803) - Andreas W rgler[-]Liberty of press and censorship in the f.irst Cisalpine Republic - Katia Visconti[-][-]5. THE SISTER REPUBLICS AND FRANCE[-]Small nation, big sisters - Pierre Serna[-]The national dimension in the Batavian Revolution. Political discussions, institutions, and constitutions - Annie Jourdan[-]The constitutional debate in the Helvetic Republic in 1800-1801. Between French influence and national self-government - Antoine Broussy[-]An unwelcome Sister Republic. Re-reading political relations between the Cisalpine Republic and the French Directory - Antonino De Francesco[-][-]Bibliography[-]List of Contributors[-]Notes[-]Index
This volume of essays honors the scholarship of Wyger Velema on the occasion of his retirement fr... more This volume of essays honors the scholarship of Wyger Velema on the occasion of his retirement from the University of Amsterdam in 2021. Over the past decades, Velema has played a prominent role in international discussions on the history of political thought and the culture of the Enlightenment, especially regarding the eighteenth-century Dutch Republic. Born in 1955, he closely witnessed and participated in the development of the historiography of early modern republicanism, first as a student of Ernst Kossmann at the University of Groningen, then as a doctoral student of John Pocock at Johns Hopkins University, and subsequently at the University of Amsterdam, where, in 2009, he succeeded Eco Haitsma Mulier on the Jan Romein chair for the Philosophy of History and the History of Historiography. Velema's many contributions to the history of political thought include his initiative, together with Terence Ball and Jörn Leonhard, to start the book series Studies in the History of Political Thought with Brill publishers. We are grateful to the current editor, Annelien de Dijn, for including this volume in that series, as it is the most fitting venue to honor Velema's scholarship. Thanks are due also to Stichting Daendels, which provided funding for the copy-editing of the volume, and to Kate Delaney for her corrections. This volume was edited and published in the context of the ERC-funded research program RISK: Republics on the Stage of Kings, with which two of the editors are affiliated. We would like to thank Alessandro Metlica of the University of Padua, the PI of this program, for making it possible to publish this volume in open access. Finally, we would like to thank all the friends, colleagues, and former students of Wyger Velema who contributed to this volume. We are confident that the diversion of their reflections on the theme of decline will avert the menace of intellectual decline that looms after academic retirement.
De Staten-Generaal uit het Restauratietijdvak hebben over het algemeen een vrij geringschattende ... more De Staten-Generaal uit het Restauratietijdvak hebben over het algemeen een vrij geringschattende historische pers genoten. Terwijl ze in de oude
Separation of church and state is one of the key concepts in contemporary debates in increasingly... more Separation of church and state is one of the key concepts in contemporary debates in increasingly secular democracies like the Netherlands. It is not only used to describe the legal and political arrangements between the state and religious organizations, but is also part of a larger discursive struggle over national identity and the meaning of citizenship. This article traces the history of the concept of separation of church and state in the Netherlands since the eighteenth century. First, it shows how the concept has always been a contested one. Second, it argues that the current framing of separation of church and state as a fundamental value of Dutch society is relatively recent and is connected to growing secularism and the position of Islam in Dutch society.
The importance of the Dutch Revolution of the late eighteenth century for political developments ... more The importance of the Dutch Revolution of the late eighteenth century for political developments in the Northern Netherlands is still contested. Most historians view the period as the starting point of a number of democratic institutions, including elections. Others have pointed out, however, that the nineteenth century shows a remarkable amount of continuity in political practice with the early modern period, and have therefore questioned the impact of political change. Scholarship on the political system during the revolutionary era has paid little attention to the exclusion of a specific group from electoral politics: political opponents of the revolution. The debates on the question of whether Orangists should have access to the ballot were intense in the Northern Netherlands, where a political struggle between Patriots and Orangists had been taking place since the 1780s. Through a consideration of why the Dutch revolutionaries placed such electoral barriers against their politi...
De moderne Nederlandse democratie ontstond na het uitbreken van de Bataafse Revolutie (1795), toe... more De moderne Nederlandse democratie ontstond na het uitbreken van de Bataafse Revolutie (1795), toen het bestel van de oude Republiek op de schop ging. In korte tijd transformeerde Nederland van een federatie naar een eenheidsstaat waarin burgers gelijk waren voor de wet, en van een land bestuurd door regenten en Oranjes naar een vertegenwoordigende democratie. Dit alles werd vastgelegd in de eerste grondwet van Nederland: de Staatsregeling van 1798. Mart Rutjes onderzocht de wortels van de moderne Nederlandse democratie. Wat waren de ideeen achter deze hervormingen? Waarom vonden revolutiegezinde Nederlanders democratie en burgerrechten belangrijk? Hij laat zien dat de politieke opvattingen uit de late achttiende eeuw gebaseerd waren op nieuwe en radicale opvattingen over de menselijke en burgerlijke gelijkheid. Samen met oudere denkbeelden over actief burgerschap creeerde dit gelijkheidsdenken een explosieve combinatie die de basis vormde voor een nieuwe politiek en een nieuwe staat...
Timeline of the Sister Republics (1794-1806)[-]The political culture of the Sister republics - Jo... more Timeline of the Sister Republics (1794-1806)[-]The political culture of the Sister republics - Joris Oddens and Mart Rutjes[-]'The political passions of other nations'. National choices and the European order in the writings of Germaine de Sta l - Biancamaria Fontana[-][-]1. THE TRANSFORMATION OF REPUBLICANISM[-]The transformation of republicanism in the Sister Republics - Andrew Jainchill[-]'Republic' and 'democracy' in Dutch late eighteenth-century revolutionary discourse - Wyger R. E. Velema[-]New wine and old wineskins. Republicanism in the Helvetic Republic - Urte Weeber[-][-]2. POLITICAL CONCEPTS AND LANGUAGES[-]Revolutionary concepts and languages in the Sister Republics of the late 1790s - Pasi Ihalainen[-]Useful citizens. Citizenship and democracy in the Batavian Republic, 1795-1801 - Mart Rutjes[-]From rights to citizenship to the Helvetian indig nat. Political integration of citizens under the Helvetic Republic - Silvia Arlettaz[-]The battle over 'democracy' in Italian political thought during the revolutionary triennio, 1796-1799 - Mauro Lenci[-][-]3. THE INVENTION OF DEMOCRATIC PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICES[-]Parliamentary practices in the Sister Republics in the light of the French experience - Malcolm Crook[-]Making the most of national time. Accountability, transparency, and term limits in the f.irst Dutch Parliament (1796-1797) - Joris Oddens[-]The invention of democratic parliamentary practices in the Helvetic Republic. Some remarks - Andr Holenstein[-]The Neapolitan republican experiment of 1799. Legislation, balance of power, and the workings of democracy between theory and practice - Valeria Ferrari[-][-]4. PRESS, POLITICS, AND PUBLIC OPINION[-]Censorship and press liberty in the Sister Republics. Some reflections - Simon Burrows[-]1798: A turning point? Censorship in the Batavian Republic - Erik Jacobs[-]Censorship and public opinion. Press and politics in the Helvetic Republic (1798-1803) - Andreas W rgler[-]Liberty of press and censorship in the f.irst Cisalpine Republic - Katia Visconti[-][-]5. THE SISTER REPUBLICS AND FRANCE[-]Small nation, big sisters - Pierre Serna[-]The national dimension in the Batavian Revolution. Political discussions, institutions, and constitutions - Annie Jourdan[-]The constitutional debate in the Helvetic Republic in 1800-1801. Between French influence and national self-government - Antoine Broussy[-]An unwelcome Sister Republic. Re-reading political relations between the Cisalpine Republic and the French Directory - Antonino De Francesco[-][-]Bibliography[-]List of Contributors[-]Notes[-]Index
This volume of essays honors the scholarship of Wyger Velema on the occasion of his retirement fr... more This volume of essays honors the scholarship of Wyger Velema on the occasion of his retirement from the University of Amsterdam in 2021. Over the past decades, Velema has played a prominent role in international discussions on the history of political thought and the culture of the Enlightenment, especially regarding the eighteenth-century Dutch Republic. Born in 1955, he closely witnessed and participated in the development of the historiography of early modern republicanism, first as a student of Ernst Kossmann at the University of Groningen, then as a doctoral student of John Pocock at Johns Hopkins University, and subsequently at the University of Amsterdam, where, in 2009, he succeeded Eco Haitsma Mulier on the Jan Romein chair for the Philosophy of History and the History of Historiography. Velema's many contributions to the history of political thought include his initiative, together with Terence Ball and Jörn Leonhard, to start the book series Studies in the History of Political Thought with Brill publishers. We are grateful to the current editor, Annelien de Dijn, for including this volume in that series, as it is the most fitting venue to honor Velema's scholarship. Thanks are due also to Stichting Daendels, which provided funding for the copy-editing of the volume, and to Kate Delaney for her corrections. This volume was edited and published in the context of the ERC-funded research program RISK: Republics on the Stage of Kings, with which two of the editors are affiliated. We would like to thank Alessandro Metlica of the University of Padua, the PI of this program, for making it possible to publish this volume in open access. Finally, we would like to thank all the friends, colleagues, and former students of Wyger Velema who contributed to this volume. We are confident that the diversion of their reflections on the theme of decline will avert the menace of intellectual decline that looms after academic retirement.
De Staten-Generaal uit het Restauratietijdvak hebben over het algemeen een vrij geringschattende ... more De Staten-Generaal uit het Restauratietijdvak hebben over het algemeen een vrij geringschattende historische pers genoten. Terwijl ze in de oude
Separation of church and state is one of the key concepts in contemporary debates in increasingly... more Separation of church and state is one of the key concepts in contemporary debates in increasingly secular democracies like the Netherlands. It is not only used to describe the legal and political arrangements between the state and religious organizations, but is also part of a larger discursive struggle over national identity and the meaning of citizenship. This article traces the history of the concept of separation of church and state in the Netherlands since the eighteenth century. First, it shows how the concept has always been a contested one. Second, it argues that the current framing of separation of church and state as a fundamental value of Dutch society is relatively recent and is connected to growing secularism and the position of Islam in Dutch society.
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