This study focuses on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in a higher educational building, the London C... more This study focuses on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in a higher educational building, the London College in the UK. In this regard, indoor CO2 levels, as well as three contaminants with detrimental effects on human health: NO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are investigated. Various IAQ enhancement strategies are analyzed, including increased ventilation, background ventilation, improved airflow through opened doors, and the use of HEPA air cleaners. Results revealed that background ventilation and open doors during occupied periods reduced CO2 concentrations to around 1000 ppm. However, the effectiveness of background ventilation was influenced by outdoor conditions, such as wind speed and direction. The most effective method for reducing PM2.5 levels was installing an air cleaner alongside a commercial kitchen hood, resulting in a 15% greater reduction compared to background ventilation. To control the SARS-CoV-2 level, combining background ventilation or opening the doors with a 16,000 m...
In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the i... more In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and providing clean air to the occupants. In this regard, a simple educational building is modeled using CONTAM-EnergyPlus co-simulation to investigate IAQ enhancement strategies and their role in the building's energy performance. Three contaminants, including CO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are considered to be generated from various sources. The occupants generate CO2, a source of PM2.5 is assumed in the lunchroom to represent cooking activities, and a person who sheds SARS-CoV-2 moves around the zones. The main goal of this study is to apply various pollutant mitigation methods to the model, such as increasing ventilation rate and outdoor air (OA) percentage, natural ventilation, installing filters and air cleaners, and UVGI lights. Then, their performance and impact on the defined contaminants are studied individually and in combination.In this ...
PROCEEDINGS, 44th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 2019
In recent years, concerns about global warming and CO2 emissions have led the policymakers to dev... more In recent years, concerns about global warming and CO2 emissions have led the policymakers to develop clean and renewable energies. In this regard, the exploitation of geothermal energy, as a major source of low-carbon energy production, can be a significant contributor to reducing CO2 emissions. Geothermal energy unlike the other renewables, such as solar and wind, is a source of sustainable energy which is independent of time or season. Geothermal technologies can be used for electricity generation or direct use. Today, 26 countries are using geothermal resources to generate electricity and also, more than 60 countries use geothermal heat directly. This article aims to investigate the effect of development of geothermal resources on reducing CO2 emissions. Furthermore, according to forecasts about geothermal energy deployment, it is concluded that almost 195 million tones CO2 emission will be avoided by utilizing geothermal resources in the year 2030.
Journal of Engineering Future Sustainability, 2023
In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the impor... more In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and providing clean air to the occupants. In this regard, a simple educational building is modeled using CONTAM-EnergyPlus co-simulation to investigate IAQ enhancement strategies and their role in the building's energy performance. Three contaminants, including CO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are considered to be generated from various sources. The occupants generate CO2, a source of PM2.5 is assumed in the lunchroom to represent cooking activities, and a person who sheds SARS-CoV-2 moves around the zones. The main goal of this study is to apply various pollutant mitigation methods to the model, such as increasing ventilation rate and outdoor air (OA) percentage, natural ventilation, installing filters and air cleaners, and UVGI lights. Then, their performance and impact on the defined contaminants are studied individually and in combination. In this regard, a scenario with 80% outdoor air (OA) and 100% ventilation rate has been shown to be effective in reducing all three contaminants' concentrations to acceptable levels in most zones, but this results in 50% higher energy consumption compared to the model with no outdoor air. However, to achieve a safe level of PM2.5 in the lunchroom, a combination of all the strategies presented in the (0.8OA+1Vent+NatVent+all) scenario is required. Furthermore, HEPA air cleaners are more effective in diluting contaminants in all zones than UVGI lights and MERV 13 filters. Additionally, this study has shown that HVAC systems operating with little or no outside air can increase the risk of pollutants being transmitted between adjacent zones through the ducts, making it necessary to install induct filters.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Despite the considerable breakthrough in district heating systems (DHS) globally, there is not ye... more Despite the considerable breakthrough in district heating systems (DHS) globally, there is not yet any policy on developing this technology in Iran. This country has a high range of energy demand, while renewable energies play a minor role in its energy supply chain. Furthermore, the world is going through a transition towards renewable resources, which currently consist of only 10% of the total energy mix. As the first contribution in this area, this paper aims to design a 100% renewable DHS integrated with radiant floor heating for a group of residential buildings in Sarein, Iran. Moreover, the literature proposes a novel approach for combining geothermal energy and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to achieve a 100% renewable energy system. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is used for thermal analysis by 3D designing the buildings in SketchUp and OpenStudio and simulating the heat load in EnergyPlus. Three scenarios are presented to better compare the DHS with the decentralized heat...
One of the most considerable issues in the global society is reducing CO2 emissions of industrial... more One of the most considerable issues in the global society is reducing CO2 emissions of industrial activities and its consequences. Therefore, exploitation of clean energy sources is one of the requirements of the international community. In this regard, the researchers investigated the impact of renewable energy utilization to achieve the low carbon economy and concluded that it can significantly reduce the CO2 emissions of transportation and industry sectors. Wind power offers a sustainable option in the pursuit of renewable energies. In this article, the development of wind energy in the world and leading countries is investigated. It is found that by the end of 2017, the utilization of wind resources has prevented at least 600 and up to 1100 million tones CO2 emissions. Also, if the current rate of wind energy development continues, up to 2100 million tones CO2 will be avoided by the year 2030. Eventually economic analyses illustrated that utilization of wind energy in 2030 can r...
This study focuses on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in a higher educational building, the London C... more This study focuses on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in a higher educational building, the London College in the UK. In this regard, indoor CO2 levels, as well as three contaminants with detrimental effects on human health: NO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are investigated. Various IAQ enhancement strategies are analyzed, including increased ventilation, background ventilation, improved airflow through opened doors, and the use of HEPA air cleaners. Results revealed that background ventilation and open doors during occupied periods reduced CO2 concentrations to around 1000 ppm. However, the effectiveness of background ventilation was influenced by outdoor conditions, such as wind speed and direction. The most effective method for reducing PM2.5 levels was installing an air cleaner alongside a commercial kitchen hood, resulting in a 15% greater reduction compared to background ventilation. To control the SARS-CoV-2 level, combining background ventilation or opening the doors with a 16,000 m...
In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the i... more In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and providing clean air to the occupants. In this regard, a simple educational building is modeled using CONTAM-EnergyPlus co-simulation to investigate IAQ enhancement strategies and their role in the building's energy performance. Three contaminants, including CO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are considered to be generated from various sources. The occupants generate CO2, a source of PM2.5 is assumed in the lunchroom to represent cooking activities, and a person who sheds SARS-CoV-2 moves around the zones. The main goal of this study is to apply various pollutant mitigation methods to the model, such as increasing ventilation rate and outdoor air (OA) percentage, natural ventilation, installing filters and air cleaners, and UVGI lights. Then, their performance and impact on the defined contaminants are studied individually and in combination.In this ...
PROCEEDINGS, 44th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 2019
In recent years, concerns about global warming and CO2 emissions have led the policymakers to dev... more In recent years, concerns about global warming and CO2 emissions have led the policymakers to develop clean and renewable energies. In this regard, the exploitation of geothermal energy, as a major source of low-carbon energy production, can be a significant contributor to reducing CO2 emissions. Geothermal energy unlike the other renewables, such as solar and wind, is a source of sustainable energy which is independent of time or season. Geothermal technologies can be used for electricity generation or direct use. Today, 26 countries are using geothermal resources to generate electricity and also, more than 60 countries use geothermal heat directly. This article aims to investigate the effect of development of geothermal resources on reducing CO2 emissions. Furthermore, according to forecasts about geothermal energy deployment, it is concluded that almost 195 million tones CO2 emission will be avoided by utilizing geothermal resources in the year 2030.
Journal of Engineering Future Sustainability, 2023
In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the impor... more In today's modern world, people spend most of their time inside buildings, highlighting the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and providing clean air to the occupants. In this regard, a simple educational building is modeled using CONTAM-EnergyPlus co-simulation to investigate IAQ enhancement strategies and their role in the building's energy performance. Three contaminants, including CO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are considered to be generated from various sources. The occupants generate CO2, a source of PM2.5 is assumed in the lunchroom to represent cooking activities, and a person who sheds SARS-CoV-2 moves around the zones. The main goal of this study is to apply various pollutant mitigation methods to the model, such as increasing ventilation rate and outdoor air (OA) percentage, natural ventilation, installing filters and air cleaners, and UVGI lights. Then, their performance and impact on the defined contaminants are studied individually and in combination. In this regard, a scenario with 80% outdoor air (OA) and 100% ventilation rate has been shown to be effective in reducing all three contaminants' concentrations to acceptable levels in most zones, but this results in 50% higher energy consumption compared to the model with no outdoor air. However, to achieve a safe level of PM2.5 in the lunchroom, a combination of all the strategies presented in the (0.8OA+1Vent+NatVent+all) scenario is required. Furthermore, HEPA air cleaners are more effective in diluting contaminants in all zones than UVGI lights and MERV 13 filters. Additionally, this study has shown that HVAC systems operating with little or no outside air can increase the risk of pollutants being transmitted between adjacent zones through the ducts, making it necessary to install induct filters.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Despite the considerable breakthrough in district heating systems (DHS) globally, there is not ye... more Despite the considerable breakthrough in district heating systems (DHS) globally, there is not yet any policy on developing this technology in Iran. This country has a high range of energy demand, while renewable energies play a minor role in its energy supply chain. Furthermore, the world is going through a transition towards renewable resources, which currently consist of only 10% of the total energy mix. As the first contribution in this area, this paper aims to design a 100% renewable DHS integrated with radiant floor heating for a group of residential buildings in Sarein, Iran. Moreover, the literature proposes a novel approach for combining geothermal energy and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to achieve a 100% renewable energy system. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is used for thermal analysis by 3D designing the buildings in SketchUp and OpenStudio and simulating the heat load in EnergyPlus. Three scenarios are presented to better compare the DHS with the decentralized heat...
One of the most considerable issues in the global society is reducing CO2 emissions of industrial... more One of the most considerable issues in the global society is reducing CO2 emissions of industrial activities and its consequences. Therefore, exploitation of clean energy sources is one of the requirements of the international community. In this regard, the researchers investigated the impact of renewable energy utilization to achieve the low carbon economy and concluded that it can significantly reduce the CO2 emissions of transportation and industry sectors. Wind power offers a sustainable option in the pursuit of renewable energies. In this article, the development of wind energy in the world and leading countries is investigated. It is found that by the end of 2017, the utilization of wind resources has prevented at least 600 and up to 1100 million tones CO2 emissions. Also, if the current rate of wind energy development continues, up to 2100 million tones CO2 will be avoided by the year 2030. Eventually economic analyses illustrated that utilization of wind energy in 2030 can r...
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