This article reports the population-based case-control study of maternal mortality in Sichuan pro... more This article reports the population-based case-control study of maternal mortality in Sichuan province, China, during 1989-91. The study investigated whether failure among women to adhere to China's family planning guidelines were at increased risk of maternal death compared with women having their first birth. One-child policy was implemented by China in 1980 with an aim of stabilizing China's population. The researchers hypothesized two pathways through which family planning status might be casually related to an increased maternal mortality risk. One pathway proposed that negative economic incentives deter women from seeking prenatal care or medical treatment for pregnancy-related complications. The another hypothesis was the failure to adhere to the one-child policy might result to anxiety, social isolation, depression and general psychosocial pressure. Study findings indicated a 4.3-fold increased risk in maternal death among women having children outside the official p...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a modified Partner Violence Scre... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a modified Partner Violence Screen (PVS) for measuring severe lifetime and past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among female trauma patients. Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major medical and public heath problem that affects as many as 5.3 million U.S. women annually. However, recent studies report that as few as 7 % of women have ever been asked about IPV by a health care provider. Brief screening tools have been developed to increase screening by health care providers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of New Mexico Hospital Trauma Center. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 197 women who were admitted to the level 1 regional trauma service from April 2003 through June 2005. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the PVS for measuring severe lifetime and past-ye...
Lead poisoning prevention requires knowledge of lead sources and of appropriate residential lead ... more Lead poisoning prevention requires knowledge of lead sources and of appropriate residential lead standards. Data are severely lacking on lead sources for Native American children, many of whom live in rural areas. Further, the relation of mining waste to blood lead concentrations (BPbs) of rural children is controversial. In collaboration with the eight tribes of northeastern Oklahoma, we assessed lead sources and their effects on BPbs for rural Native American and White children living in a former mining region. Venous blood lead, residential environmental (soil, dust, paint, water), and caregiver interview (e.g., hand-to-mouth behaviors, socioeconomic conditions) data were obtained from a representative sample of 245 children 1–6 years of age. BPbs ranged from 1 to 24 µg/dL. There were no ethnic differences in BPbs (p = 0.48) nor any patterns of excess lead sources for Native American or White children. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that mean soil lead, mean floor ...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning ... more Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women’s experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social–ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of ...
Maternal residence at time of delivery is sometimes used as a proxy for residence during early pr... more Maternal residence at time of delivery is sometimes used as a proxy for residence during early pregnancy to estimate environmental exposures. Residential addresses during time of conception through the first trimester were obtained from mothers of 152 infants with congenital cardiac anomalies and 175 controls, and they were compared with the addresses at delivery abstracted from birth certificates. An estimated 24.8% (95% CI = 20.3, 29.9) of women moved between the time of conception and delivery, and the percentage of cases and controls who moved was similar. Use of address at time of delivery may reduce the likelihood of finding an association between a congenital malformation and a maternal environmental exposure.
This article reports the population-based case-control study of maternal mortality in Sichuan pro... more This article reports the population-based case-control study of maternal mortality in Sichuan province, China, during 1989-91. The study investigated whether failure among women to adhere to China's family planning guidelines were at increased risk of maternal death compared with women having their first birth. One-child policy was implemented by China in 1980 with an aim of stabilizing China's population. The researchers hypothesized two pathways through which family planning status might be casually related to an increased maternal mortality risk. One pathway proposed that negative economic incentives deter women from seeking prenatal care or medical treatment for pregnancy-related complications. The another hypothesis was the failure to adhere to the one-child policy might result to anxiety, social isolation, depression and general psychosocial pressure. Study findings indicated a 4.3-fold increased risk in maternal death among women having children outside the official p...
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a modified Partner Violence Scre... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a modified Partner Violence Screen (PVS) for measuring severe lifetime and past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among female trauma patients. Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major medical and public heath problem that affects as many as 5.3 million U.S. women annually. However, recent studies report that as few as 7 % of women have ever been asked about IPV by a health care provider. Brief screening tools have been developed to increase screening by health care providers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of New Mexico Hospital Trauma Center. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of 197 women who were admitted to the level 1 regional trauma service from April 2003 through June 2005. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the PVS for measuring severe lifetime and past-ye...
Lead poisoning prevention requires knowledge of lead sources and of appropriate residential lead ... more Lead poisoning prevention requires knowledge of lead sources and of appropriate residential lead standards. Data are severely lacking on lead sources for Native American children, many of whom live in rural areas. Further, the relation of mining waste to blood lead concentrations (BPbs) of rural children is controversial. In collaboration with the eight tribes of northeastern Oklahoma, we assessed lead sources and their effects on BPbs for rural Native American and White children living in a former mining region. Venous blood lead, residential environmental (soil, dust, paint, water), and caregiver interview (e.g., hand-to-mouth behaviors, socioeconomic conditions) data were obtained from a representative sample of 245 children 1–6 years of age. BPbs ranged from 1 to 24 µg/dL. There were no ethnic differences in BPbs (p = 0.48) nor any patterns of excess lead sources for Native American or White children. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that mean soil lead, mean floor ...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning ... more Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women’s experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social–ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of ...
Maternal residence at time of delivery is sometimes used as a proxy for residence during early pr... more Maternal residence at time of delivery is sometimes used as a proxy for residence during early pregnancy to estimate environmental exposures. Residential addresses during time of conception through the first trimester were obtained from mothers of 152 infants with congenital cardiac anomalies and 175 controls, and they were compared with the addresses at delivery abstracted from birth certificates. An estimated 24.8% (95% CI = 20.3, 29.9) of women moved between the time of conception and delivery, and the percentage of cases and controls who moved was similar. Use of address at time of delivery may reduce the likelihood of finding an association between a congenital malformation and a maternal environmental exposure.
Since the mid-1970s, an increasing number of national, community, and clinic-based studies have i... more Since the mid-1970s, an increasing number of national, community, and clinic-based studies have investigated the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the United States. However, few studies have focused on violence against Native American women (Chester et al., 1994; National Research Council, 1996). The lack of prevalence data specific to Native women is particularly problematic because current levels of violence in Native American communities may be largely a consequence of colonial and U.S. governmental policies. Native peoples in the United States have been subjected to a long history of colonization, resulting in massive loss of lands and resources, and in severe disruption of traditional gender roles and family structures (Brave Heart and DeBruyn, 1998; Duran and Duran, 1995; LaRocque, 1994, pp. 72–89; McEachern, Van Winkle, and Steiner, 1998). Although documentation is insufficient to gauge the exact extent of violence against women in precolonial Native societies, most scholars argue that colonization greatly exacerbated the problem (Allen, 1986; Brave Heart and DeBruyn, 1998; LaRocque, 1994, p. 75; McEachern, Van Winkle, and Steiner, 1998).
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Papers by Lorraine Halinka Malcoe