Lodz gettosi

Lodz gettosi yoki Litzmannstadt gettosi (natsistlar Germaniyasi tomonidan Łódźning qayta nomlanishiga muvofiq) – nemis hukumati Polshani okkupatsiya qilganidan keyin polshalik yahudiylar va loʻlilar uchun tashkil etgan natsistik getto. Ushbu getto Varshava gettosidan keyin Yevropadagi eng katta getto hisoblangan. Lodz shahrida joylashgan va aslida Warthegau provinsiyasini „Judenfrei“ (yahudilardan xoli) qilish rejasining dastlabki bosqichi uchun moʻljallangan getto asosiy sanoat markaziga aylantirildi^[1]^[2]. Bu yerda natsistlar Germaniyasi va ayniqsa Wehrmacht uchun urushda zaruriy taʼminot qismlari ishlab chiqarildi. Gettoda saqlangan odamlar soni natsistlar nazorat qiladigan hududlardan haydab yuborilgan yahudiylar bilan yanada oshib bordi,^[3].

1940-yil 30-aprel kuni getto darvozalari yopilganda ichkaridagi aholining soni 163 777 nafarni tashkil qilgan edi. ^[4] Gʻoyatda samarali ishlab chiqarish tufayli getto 1944-yil avgustigacha faoliyat olib bordi. Dastlabki ikki yil ichida u Polsha shaharlari va qishloqlaridagi tugatilgan gettolardan deyarli 20 000 yahudiylarni qabul qilgan. Shuningdek, Germaniya tomonidan bosib olingan Yevropaning qolgan qismidan yana 20 000 kishi gettoga qabul qilingan^[5]^[6]. 1942-yil boshida boshlangan Chełmno qirgʻin lageriga deportatsiyalar toʻlqinidan soʻng, shuningdek, vaziyat tubdan oʻzgarganiga qaramay, nemislar gettoni yoʻq qilishga qatʼiy bel bogʻlashdi: qolgan aholini ham Osvensim va Chełmno qirgʻin lagerlariga olib ketishdi^[6]. U yerga yuborilganlarning koʻpchiligi yetib borishi bilanoq oʻldirildi. Bu okkupatsiya davri Polshasida tugatilgan soʻnggi getto edi^[7]. Getto orqali jami 210 000 yahudiylar oʻtgan, ammo sovetlar qoʻshini kelganida faqat 877 kishi yashirinib qolgan^[4]. Polsha istilosidan oldin Łódźda yashagan taxminan 10 000 yahudiy aholi Holokostdan boshqa joyga ketish orqali omon qolgan^[8].

Manbalar

↑ Plan hammered out by Friedrich Uebelhoer. Horwitz, 2009, 27-bet.
↑ Horwitz, Gordon J.. Ghettostadt: Łódź and the making of a Nazi city. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2009 — 27, 54–55, 62-bet. ISBN 978-0-674-03879-0. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 21-mart.
↑ Jennifer Rosenberg. „The Łódź Ghetto“. Jewish Virtual Library (1998). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 29-iyul.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Geoffrey P. Megargee, Martin C. Dean, and Mel Hecker, Volume II, part A, pp. 75–82.
↑ Biuletyn Informacyjny Obchodów 60. Rocznicy Likwidacji Litzmannstadt Getto. Nr 1-2. „The establishment of Litzmannstadt Ghetto“, Torah Code website. Qaraldi: 21-mart 2015-yil
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 Shirley Rotbein Flaum. „Lodz Ghetto Deportations and Statistics“. Timeline. JewishGen Home Page (2007). — „Source: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (1990), Baranowski, Dobroszycki, Wiesenthal, Yad Vashem Timeline of the Holocaust, others.“. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 26-mart.
↑ The statistical data, compiled on the basis of „Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland“. 2016-yil 8-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews, shuningdek, „Getta Żydowskie“ by Gedeon (polyakcha) va „Ghetto List“ by Michael Peters (English). Qaraldi: 25-mart, 2015-yil.
↑ Abraham J. Peck. „The Agony of the Łódź Ghetto, 1941–1944“. The Chronicle of the Łódź Ghetto, 1941–1944 by Lucjan Dobroszycki, and The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C.. The Simon Wiesenthal Center (1997). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 25-mart.

Ikkinchi Jahon Urushi haqidagi ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.

[1] Plan hammered out by Friedrich Uebelhoer. Horwitz, 2009, 27-bet.

[Horwitz-2] Horwitz, Gordon J.. Ghettostadt: Łódź and the making of a Nazi city. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2009 — 27, 54–55, 62-bet. ISBN 978-0-674-03879-0. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 21-mart.

[jewishvirtuallibrary1-3] Jennifer Rosenberg. „The Łódź Ghetto“. Jewish Virtual Library (1998). Qaraldi: 2011-yil 29-iyul.

[USHMM_Camps-4] 4,0 ^4,1 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Geoffrey P. Megargee, Martin C. Dean, and Mel Hecker, Volume II, part A, pp. 75–82.

[biuletyn60-5] Biuletyn Informacyjny Obchodów 60. Rocznicy Likwidacji Litzmannstadt Getto. Nr 1-2. „The establishment of Litzmannstadt Ghetto“, Torah Code website. Qaraldi: 21-mart 2015-yil

[jewishgen/timeline-6] 6,0 ^6,1 Shirley Rotbein Flaum. „Lodz Ghetto Deportations and Statistics“. Timeline. JewishGen Home Page (2007). — „Source: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (1990), Baranowski, Dobroszycki, Wiesenthal, Yad Vashem Timeline of the Holocaust, others.“. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 26-mart.

[statistics-7] The statistical data, compiled on the basis of „Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland“. 2016-yil 8-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews, shuningdek, „Getta Żydowskie“ by Gedeon (polyakcha) va „Ghetto List“ by Michael Peters (English). Qaraldi: 25-mart, 2015-yil.

[Peck-8] Abraham J. Peck. „The Agony of the Łódź Ghetto, 1941–1944“. The Chronicle of the Łódź Ghetto, 1941–1944 by Lucjan Dobroszycki, and The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C.. The Simon Wiesenthal Center (1997). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 25-mart.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]