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Ying-Chao Kao (高穎超)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Sociology, Graduate Student/TA/Instructor
Ying-Chao Kao, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University. He received his PhD in Sociology from Rutgers University in 2018. Professor Kao’s research interests include sexualities, gender and masculinities, global religions, and inequalities and utilizes mixed research methods. His current research tracks the global flows of Christian conservative activism, exploring how Taiwanese and American pro-family organizations have shaped and mobilized the global structures to oppose the sexual citizenship of the tongzhi (LGBTQI+) people. The ongoing globalized oppositional moral movements against marriage equality and “tongzhi education” are particularly examined in the contexts of neo-liberalism, geo-politics, and hetero-hegemony. Bridging the sociological research on religion, sexualities, and transnationalism, Kao’s analysis relates sexual politics and the resurgence of global Christianity to reveal the transnational networks of social conservatism and critically examine the changes in global inequalities. Professor Kao has published his work in the journals Contexts, Sexuality Research in China, and Gender Equity Education Quarterly (in Chinese). His research on military masculinity was published in East Asian Men: Masculinity, Sexuality, and Desire (Palgrave, 2017) and Masculinities in a Global Era (Springer, 2013 and co-authored with H-D Bih). His traditional Chinese translation of Laud Humphreys’ Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places (Socio, 2016) won the Editorship Award at the Taipei International Book Exhibition in 2017.
To learn more, please visit his website: https://vcu.academia.edu/YingchaoKao
Supervisors: Arlene Stein, Louisa Schein, Zakia Salime, Richard Williams, and Jennifer Johnson
Address: 827 W Franklin St. Rm 214,
Richmond, VA, USA 23284
To learn more, please visit his website: https://vcu.academia.edu/YingchaoKao
Supervisors: Arlene Stein, Louisa Schein, Zakia Salime, Richard Williams, and Jennifer Johnson
Address: 827 W Franklin St. Rm 214,
Richmond, VA, USA 23284
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I am writing this autoethnography in late November 2020, days after the US death toll surpassed 268,000, to reflect on my racialized and transnational (a)social life during the COVID-19 pandemic. One using Miner’s (1956) “Na- cirema” anthropological eye to investigate my COVID experience would see a cis-gender feminist man, struggling against the viral threats in his 5’6” Asian/Taiwanese body, while teaching as an assistant professor and writing as a transnational sociologist with a ten-year experience of American racial politics. His body has been breathing the death risks, contaminated with the increasing anti-Asian and Sinophobic racism that stigmatizes Asian bodies as walking novel coronaviruses in the ancient Orientalist framing of “yellow peril” (Frayling 2014).
In this dissertation, I analyze Taiwanese pro-family Christian activists’ mobilization, focusing upon their relationship with Euro-American conservative organizations, and examining the transnational networks they have developed. My research bridges sociological research on religion, sexualities, and transnationalism. It analyzes sexualities in relation to the growth of global Christianity, revealing transnational networks of moral conservatism, and critically examining the growth of global social inequalities.
* Welcome to contact the author for the full text.
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2017. “Weapons of the Weak Soldiers: Military Masculinity and Embodied Resistance in Taiwanese Conscription.” Pp. 199–218 in East Asian Men: Masculinity, Sexuality and Desire, edited by X. Lin, C. Haywood and M. Mac an Ghaill. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kao, Ying-Chao and Herng-Dar Bih. 2013. “Masculinity in Ambiguity: Constructing Taiwanese Masculine Identities between Great Powers.” Pp. 175–91 in Masculinities in a Global Era, International and Cultural Psychology, edited by J. Gelfer. New York: Springer. *
高穎超(2010)做兵、做愛、做男人:從軍事田野經驗探索酷兒理論方法論。見周平、林昱瑄編,質性/別研究,頁331–368。台北:巨流。
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2010. “Doing Soldier, Making Love, and Becoming Men: An Exploratory Study on Queer Methodology from Military Fieldwork.” Pp. 331–68 in Qualitative/Gender Studies, edited by P. Chou and Y.-H. Lin. Kaohsiung, Taiwan: Chuliu.
建議引用:
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2016, May 18, "Tongzhi (LGBT) Christians, Their Injury and Beauty." The Initium. Retrieved Nov 3, 2016 (https://theinitium.com/article/20160518-opinion-kaoyingchou-lgbt/#).
高穎超,2016年5月18日,〈同志基督徒,那些傷痕與美好〉。《端傳媒》,取用日期:2016年11月3日,https://theinitium.com/article/20160518-opinion-kaoyingchou-lgbt/#。
當性議題浮現時,多元文化理念之下的性教育實踐至少必須包含各種不同研究取向、不同流派,甚至互相衝突的價值觀與學說;在政治光譜上至少做到傳統保守派、自由開明派、前瞻激進派等各派觀點多元並陳,在言談中列舉討論各派如何看待該議題(例如婚前性行為、性騷擾、同性戀、代理孕母、性工作等等),而非假定只有一種中立客觀的「正確」性觀念或正確性教育。(註 26)
我們必須一起終結貞潔教育造成的惡性循環與自我實現的預言,以及這種教育意識型態已對學生產生的三種傷害。教師、家長與決策官員都應承擔責任,一同積極面對性,自在、開放地學習性,讓性教育可以擺脫道德與信仰的迷霧,回到行為與健康的務實考量上(註 27),進而成為學生發 展整全人格,開拓視野,增權賦能的人生智慧之源。
建議引用:
高穎超,2016,〈讓研究證據說話:為什麼貞潔教育無效又有害?〉。《性別平等教育季刊》74:99-112。
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2016, March. "Evidence Speaks: Why is Abstinence-only Sex Education Ineffective and Harmful?". Gender Equity Education Quarterly (74):99-112.
高穎超(2015)彩虹洗版後,台灣同運的三道難題。刊出版見《風傳媒》,7月7日, http://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/55934。†
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2015, July 7. “After the FaceBook Rainbow-washing, Three Challenges the Taiwan Tongzhi Movement Faces.” Storm.mg (http://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/55934). †
2. 亞當斯和賴特教授指出,科學共識不能被簡化當做某個存在或不存在的東西,而是不斷動態演化、開展的「共識過程」。
3. 家庭不穩定度對孩子教養的影響,遠比雙親的性傾向重要。近20年甚至有研究發現同志家庭的親子關係品質比異性戀家庭還高。
4. 真正影響兒少身心健康與生活美滿度的三大因素是:親子關係的品質,兒少生活中與重要成人的關係品質,以及經濟資源與其他資源的豐沛度。基於嚴謹且長期的研究,八個專業團體均支持同志伴侶應享有婚姻制度裡平等的權利、福祉與責任。
5. 科學發展往往與利益團體的政治議程背道而馳。隨著同志父母撫養能力的科學共識逐漸發展,反對同志的保守勢力卻不斷集結、反撲(如「別問別說」政策、DOMA法案)。這些濫用政治權力所築出的歧視之牆,持續鞏固著異性戀單偶婚近三百年來所壟斷的經濟利益與特權地位。
6. 兩項批判性觀察與一項預測:
a. 大部分的同志親職研究都著重在女同志媽媽們的貢獻與親職能力。禁止女同志、雙性戀女性、男跨女跨性別者領養小孩、使用人工生殖科技,或因婚姻不平權而剝奪同性伴侶成家權,就是對婦女的歧視。所以護家盟的分靈體不要再在CEDAW會議上以「同志不是婦女」為由,把LBT趕出議程了。
b. 關於同志家庭親職表現的研究,不符比例地聚焦在小孩的性傾向上。這種過分對「同志的小孩是不是同志」的關切,正透露出一種仍然把同性戀認為是低等的、不正常的、亟需避免的意識型態。
c. 保守異性戀利益的反同團體會不會在學界與政界大量投入金錢和人力,以干擾「同志雙親與異性戀父母的小孩無異」的知識生產與傳播,我們需靜觀其變、嚴密監督。
建議引用:
高穎超(2015)從蔡康永的眼淚談起。《蘋果日報》,6月26日, http://www.appledailytw.com/realtimenews/article/forum/20150626/635661。†
Recommended citation:
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2015, June 26. “Children are influenced by Parenthood, not Parents’ Sexual Orientations.” Apply Daily (http://www.appledailytw.com/realtimenews/article/forum/20150626/635661). †
I am writing this autoethnography in late November 2020, days after the US death toll surpassed 268,000, to reflect on my racialized and transnational (a)social life during the COVID-19 pandemic. One using Miner’s (1956) “Na- cirema” anthropological eye to investigate my COVID experience would see a cis-gender feminist man, struggling against the viral threats in his 5’6” Asian/Taiwanese body, while teaching as an assistant professor and writing as a transnational sociologist with a ten-year experience of American racial politics. His body has been breathing the death risks, contaminated with the increasing anti-Asian and Sinophobic racism that stigmatizes Asian bodies as walking novel coronaviruses in the ancient Orientalist framing of “yellow peril” (Frayling 2014).
In this dissertation, I analyze Taiwanese pro-family Christian activists’ mobilization, focusing upon their relationship with Euro-American conservative organizations, and examining the transnational networks they have developed. My research bridges sociological research on religion, sexualities, and transnationalism. It analyzes sexualities in relation to the growth of global Christianity, revealing transnational networks of moral conservatism, and critically examining the growth of global social inequalities.
* Welcome to contact the author for the full text.
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2017. “Weapons of the Weak Soldiers: Military Masculinity and Embodied Resistance in Taiwanese Conscription.” Pp. 199–218 in East Asian Men: Masculinity, Sexuality and Desire, edited by X. Lin, C. Haywood and M. Mac an Ghaill. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kao, Ying-Chao and Herng-Dar Bih. 2013. “Masculinity in Ambiguity: Constructing Taiwanese Masculine Identities between Great Powers.” Pp. 175–91 in Masculinities in a Global Era, International and Cultural Psychology, edited by J. Gelfer. New York: Springer. *
高穎超(2010)做兵、做愛、做男人:從軍事田野經驗探索酷兒理論方法論。見周平、林昱瑄編,質性/別研究,頁331–368。台北:巨流。
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2010. “Doing Soldier, Making Love, and Becoming Men: An Exploratory Study on Queer Methodology from Military Fieldwork.” Pp. 331–68 in Qualitative/Gender Studies, edited by P. Chou and Y.-H. Lin. Kaohsiung, Taiwan: Chuliu.
建議引用:
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2016, May 18, "Tongzhi (LGBT) Christians, Their Injury and Beauty." The Initium. Retrieved Nov 3, 2016 (https://theinitium.com/article/20160518-opinion-kaoyingchou-lgbt/#).
高穎超,2016年5月18日,〈同志基督徒,那些傷痕與美好〉。《端傳媒》,取用日期:2016年11月3日,https://theinitium.com/article/20160518-opinion-kaoyingchou-lgbt/#。
當性議題浮現時,多元文化理念之下的性教育實踐至少必須包含各種不同研究取向、不同流派,甚至互相衝突的價值觀與學說;在政治光譜上至少做到傳統保守派、自由開明派、前瞻激進派等各派觀點多元並陳,在言談中列舉討論各派如何看待該議題(例如婚前性行為、性騷擾、同性戀、代理孕母、性工作等等),而非假定只有一種中立客觀的「正確」性觀念或正確性教育。(註 26)
我們必須一起終結貞潔教育造成的惡性循環與自我實現的預言,以及這種教育意識型態已對學生產生的三種傷害。教師、家長與決策官員都應承擔責任,一同積極面對性,自在、開放地學習性,讓性教育可以擺脫道德與信仰的迷霧,回到行為與健康的務實考量上(註 27),進而成為學生發 展整全人格,開拓視野,增權賦能的人生智慧之源。
建議引用:
高穎超,2016,〈讓研究證據說話:為什麼貞潔教育無效又有害?〉。《性別平等教育季刊》74:99-112。
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2016, March. "Evidence Speaks: Why is Abstinence-only Sex Education Ineffective and Harmful?". Gender Equity Education Quarterly (74):99-112.
高穎超(2015)彩虹洗版後,台灣同運的三道難題。刊出版見《風傳媒》,7月7日, http://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/55934。†
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2015, July 7. “After the FaceBook Rainbow-washing, Three Challenges the Taiwan Tongzhi Movement Faces.” Storm.mg (http://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/55934). †
2. 亞當斯和賴特教授指出,科學共識不能被簡化當做某個存在或不存在的東西,而是不斷動態演化、開展的「共識過程」。
3. 家庭不穩定度對孩子教養的影響,遠比雙親的性傾向重要。近20年甚至有研究發現同志家庭的親子關係品質比異性戀家庭還高。
4. 真正影響兒少身心健康與生活美滿度的三大因素是:親子關係的品質,兒少生活中與重要成人的關係品質,以及經濟資源與其他資源的豐沛度。基於嚴謹且長期的研究,八個專業團體均支持同志伴侶應享有婚姻制度裡平等的權利、福祉與責任。
5. 科學發展往往與利益團體的政治議程背道而馳。隨著同志父母撫養能力的科學共識逐漸發展,反對同志的保守勢力卻不斷集結、反撲(如「別問別說」政策、DOMA法案)。這些濫用政治權力所築出的歧視之牆,持續鞏固著異性戀單偶婚近三百年來所壟斷的經濟利益與特權地位。
6. 兩項批判性觀察與一項預測:
a. 大部分的同志親職研究都著重在女同志媽媽們的貢獻與親職能力。禁止女同志、雙性戀女性、男跨女跨性別者領養小孩、使用人工生殖科技,或因婚姻不平權而剝奪同性伴侶成家權,就是對婦女的歧視。所以護家盟的分靈體不要再在CEDAW會議上以「同志不是婦女」為由,把LBT趕出議程了。
b. 關於同志家庭親職表現的研究,不符比例地聚焦在小孩的性傾向上。這種過分對「同志的小孩是不是同志」的關切,正透露出一種仍然把同性戀認為是低等的、不正常的、亟需避免的意識型態。
c. 保守異性戀利益的反同團體會不會在學界與政界大量投入金錢和人力,以干擾「同志雙親與異性戀父母的小孩無異」的知識生產與傳播,我們需靜觀其變、嚴密監督。
建議引用:
高穎超(2015)從蔡康永的眼淚談起。《蘋果日報》,6月26日, http://www.appledailytw.com/realtimenews/article/forum/20150626/635661。†
Recommended citation:
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2015, June 26. “Children are influenced by Parenthood, not Parents’ Sexual Orientations.” Apply Daily (http://www.appledailytw.com/realtimenews/article/forum/20150626/635661). †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2013, Dec 6. “Abstinence-Only Sex Education, Ineffective and Hazardous.” Pp. A15 in The Liberty Times. Taipei, Taiwan: The Liberty Times. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2013, Nov 30. “The ‘Sexonomics’ Behind Homophobia.” Independent Critique @ Common Wealth. (http://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/52/article/796). †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2012. “See through the Enchantment of Science: The Truth Behind the Letter from President of American College of Pediatrics.” Gender Equity Education Quarterly 57:69–73. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2011, Nov 11. How Many Children shall We Let Die?—An Institutional Critique on the Death of Another Sissy Boy. Pp. Gender in Lihpao Daily. Taiwan. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2011. “The Diversity of Gay Life-spans in Psychology Textbook Human Development.” Gender Equity Education Quarterly 56:84–97. †
Koh, Cheenghee, Ying-Chao Kao and Cheng-Ting Wu. 2011, May 5. “False Knowledge: ‘Same-Sex Intimate Friendship.’” Pp. Gender in Lihpao Daily. Taiwan. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2011, Apr 24. The Politics of Coming Out. Pp. Gender in Lihpao Daily. Taiwan.
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2011. “Concerns of Multiple Gender and Sexualities When Applying to International Universities: Tongzhi (Gay) Student’s Perspective.” Gender Equity Education Quarterly 54:30–38. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2010. “‘Doing Gender (Education)’ Institutionally: An Observational Note on the Annual Conference of Gender Equity Education Curriculum & Instruction Team—Initiation, Transformation, and Specialization.” Gender Equity Education Quarterly 50:45–57. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2009. “Delivering Gender Education Services School by School: The Original Experience of Collaborating with Grassroots Teachers of Gender Equity Education Teams on the National Scale.” Gender Equity Education Quarterly 44:38–47. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2009. “The Love That Dare Speak Its Name: Queer Curricula in Grade 1–6 Textbooks.” Pp. 77–81 in We Can Teach Gender These Ways, edited by J.-J. Hsiao, L.-C. Wang and J.-Y. Hong. Taipei, Taiwan: The Ministry of Education. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2009. “300 Rainbows in an Elementary School: How to Talk About Gender Diversity and Tongzhi (Lgbtq) Education with 4th–6th Graders.” Pp. 82–87 in We Can Teach Gender These Ways, edited by J.-J. Hsiao, L.-C. Wang and J.-Y. Hong. Taipei, Taiwan: The Ministry of Education. †
Kao, Ying-Chao. 2009. “‘Time Mechine’ Lesson Plan: Using the Fashion History to Reflect the Change of ‘Homosexuals Are Not Natural’.” Pp. 202–210 in Teach Gender Well, edited by Mei-Hui You and Li-Ling Tsai. Taipei, Taiwan: The Ministry of Education. †