In today's business-oriented society, email is used to send all official communications. Many ins... more In today's business-oriented society, email is used to send all official communications. Many institutions, colleges, and IT industries, in addition to the commercial sector, provide official information via email. Manually sending emails to everyone is an extremely time-consuming task. Therefore, a website that uses speech-to-text recognition to send emails and system talks to user about tasks done. The Email Autometa Solutions website is a Streamlitbased web app that allows users to automate email sending using voice commands. The website integrates voice recognition, email composition, and email sending functionalities to provide a streamlined and userfriendly experience. Users can input the email subject and message by speaking, and even attach files if needed. The website leverages libraries such as pyttsx3 for text-to-speech conversion and speech_recognition for speech-to-text conversion. Once the email is composed, it is sent via SMTP using the Gmail server. The website provides audio feedback to notify users about the success or failure of the email sending process. With its intuitive interface and voice-based input, the Email Autometa Solutions website simplifies and accelerates the email sending workflow.
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
Abstract The present study deals with intensified extraction of curcumin from Curcuma aromatica b... more Abstract The present study deals with intensified extraction of curcumin from Curcuma aromatica by employing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) approach also elucidating comparison with the conventional batch extraction to highlight the intensification benefits based on the usage of ultrasound. Understanding into the effect of operational parameters like type of solvent, extraction temperature, solid to solvent ratio and raw material size distribution as well as the equipment operating conditions as frequency and power on the extraction yield has been developed. Based on the results for extraction yield, the optimum conditions for UAE approach were 40 °C as temperature, 1:30 as solid to solvent ratio, 0.09 mm as the mean particle size, 240 W as ultrasonic power, 22 kHz as ultrasonic frequency and ethanol as the most suitable solvent. Under these optimum conditions, the highest extraction yield of 73.18 % was achieved in 2 h whereas batch extraction for 14 h resulted in 52.31 % yield clearly demonstrating the intensification due to ultrasound. Peleg's model was applied to explain the extraction kinetics of curcumin and the proposed model satisfactorily predicted the extraction kinetics of curcumin. Overall, UAE proved to be a better technique in terms of lesser time, lesser heating requirement and additional extraction yield.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Jan 7, 2021
This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loa... more This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loaded with cobalt stearate as pro-oxidant after abiotic treatment. Eight films of these composites were prepared using different pro-oxidant loadings. These films were treated abiotically using accelerated weathering for 40 h, and biotically using aerobic composting as per ASTM D 5338. The experimental data were analyzed using an eight-parameter Komilis model containing a flat lag phase. The model formulations involved hydrolysis of primary solid carbon and its subsequent mineralization. The first step was rate controlling and it included hydrolysis of slowly (Cs), moderately (Cm), and readily (Cr) hydrolyzable carbon fractions in parallel. The model parameters were evaluated by means of nonlinear regression technique. The surface morphology of the films before and after the biodegradability test supported the biodegradation results. The model parameters and undegraded/hydrolyzable/mineralizable carbon evolutions involved moderately and readily hydrolyzable carbons but with the absence of slowly hydrolyzable carbon. These exhibit degradability in the range of 11.20-36.42% in 45 days. Biodegradability increases with progressive increase in pro-oxidant loading. The rate of degradation reaches maximum (0.322-0.897% per day) at around the 39th-12th day. For all the films, readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions and their hydrolysis rate constants (kr) are appreciably increased with increasing pro-oxidant loading. All the films show the presence of growth phase because of their high initial readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions. The SEM images after the abiotic and subsequently biotic treatments were progressively rougher. The methods presented here can be used for the design and control of other similar systems.
In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twi... more In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by compounding technique. Eight films of these compounds were prepared using compression moulding. The modified PP films were characterized for chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties (before and after biodegradation). The biodegradation of the CoSt filled PP films was studied under controlled composting conditions, and the degradation intermediates were evaluated for their ecotoxicological impact. The CoSt present in the PP film was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As the addition of CoSt was progressively increased, the tensile strength and thermal stability decreased as shown by UTM and thermogravimetric analysis. The compounding of CoSt in PP reduced its crystallinity as revealed by the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis, and this led to enhanced degradation of PP. After biodegradation, SEM results of modified PP films showed rougher morphology than before biodegradation. The maximum biodegradation (19.78%) was shown by the film having 2 phr CoSt. The ecotoxicity tests of the degraded material, namely, microbial test, plant growth test, and earthworm acute-toxicity test demonstrated that the biodegradation intermediates were nontoxic. Hence, CoSt filled PP has high industrial potential to make biodegradable flexible packaging.
In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twi... more In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by compounding technique. Eight films of these compounds were prepared using compression moulding. The modified PP films were characterized for chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties (before and after biodegradation). The biodegradation of the CoSt filled PP films was studied under controlled composting conditions, and the degradation intermediates were evaluated for their ecotoxicological impact. The CoSt present in the PP film was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As the addition of CoSt was progressively increased, the tensile strength and thermal stability decreased as shown by UTM and thermogravimetric analysis. The compounding of CoSt in PP reduced its crystallinity as revealed by the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis, and this led to enhanced degradation of PP. After biodegradation, SEM results ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loa... more This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loaded with cobalt stearate as pro-oxidant after abiotic treatment. Eight films of these composites were prepared using different pro-oxidant loadings. These films were treated abiotically using accelerated weathering for 40 h, and biotically using aerobic composting as per ASTM D 5338. The experimental data were analyzed using an eight-parameter Komilis model containing a flat lag phase. The model formulations involved hydrolysis of primary solid carbon and its subsequent mineralization. The first step was rate controlling and it included hydrolysis of slowly (Cs), moderately (Cm), and readily (Cr) hydrolyzable carbon fractions in parallel. The model parameters were evaluated by means of nonlinear regression technique. The surface morphology of the films before and after the biodegradability test supported the biodegradation results. The model parameters and undegraded/hydrolyzable/mineralizable carbon evolutions involved moderately and readily hydrolyzable carbons but with the absence of slowly hydrolyzable carbon. These exhibit degradability in the range of 11.20-36.42% in 45 days. Biodegradability increases with progressive increase in pro-oxidant loading. The rate of degradation reaches maximum (0.322-0.897% per day) at around the 39th-12th day. For all the films, readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions and their hydrolysis rate constants (kr) are appreciably increased with increasing pro-oxidant loading. All the films show the presence of growth phase because of their high initial readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions. The SEM images after the abiotic and subsequently biotic treatments were progressively rougher. The methods presented here can be used for the design and control of other similar systems.
In the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI), the integration of multiple modalities has emer... more In the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI), the integration of multiple modalities has emerged as a promising approach to enhance user experiences and enable more natural and intuitive interaction paradigms. This paper explores the advancements in multimodal fusion techniques and their application in HCI, focusing on the integration of eye tracking, lips detection, speech recognition, and voice synthesis. The proposed framework aims to leverage the combined power of these modalities to achieve intelligent cursor control and provide enhanced auditory feedback to users. By seamlessly integrating eye tracking, lips detection, and speech recognition, the system can accurately interpret user intentions and gestures. The eye tracking component enables precise tracking of gaze movements, while the lips detection module analyses lip movements for additional input signals. Concurrently, the speech recognition module captures user commands and converts them into actionable instructions. The synthesized voice feedback component plays a crucial role in providing auditory responses to user actions, ensuring a seamless and engaging interaction experience. Through the integration of voice synthesis, the system can effectively communicate feedback, confirm user inputs, and guide users through the interface. The combined functionality of intelligent cursor control and auditory feedback opens up new possibilities for more efficient and immersive HCI. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multimodal fusion framework. User studies reveal improved cursor manipulation accuracy and reduced cognitive load compared to traditional input methods. The system's ability to adapt to individual user preferences and environmental conditions further enhances the overall user experience. This paper contributes to the advancement of multimodal fusion techniques in HCI by showcasing the integration of eye tracking, lips detection, speech recognition, and voice synthesis. It highlights the potential of this comprehensive approach to enable intelligent cursor control and provide sophisticated auditory feedback, thereby paving the way for more intuitive and immersive human-computer interaction paradigms.
In today's business-oriented society, email is used to send all official communications. Many ins... more In today's business-oriented society, email is used to send all official communications. Many institutions, colleges, and IT industries, in addition to the commercial sector, provide official information via email. Manually sending emails to everyone is an extremely time-consuming task. Therefore, a website that uses speech-to-text recognition to send emails and system talks to user about tasks done. The Email Autometa Solutions website is a Streamlitbased web app that allows users to automate email sending using voice commands. The website integrates voice recognition, email composition, and email sending functionalities to provide a streamlined and userfriendly experience. Users can input the email subject and message by speaking, and even attach files if needed. The website leverages libraries such as pyttsx3 for text-to-speech conversion and speech_recognition for speech-to-text conversion. Once the email is composed, it is sent via SMTP using the Gmail server. The website provides audio feedback to notify users about the success or failure of the email sending process. With its intuitive interface and voice-based input, the Email Autometa Solutions website simplifies and accelerates the email sending workflow.
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
Abstract The present study deals with intensified extraction of curcumin from Curcuma aromatica b... more Abstract The present study deals with intensified extraction of curcumin from Curcuma aromatica by employing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) approach also elucidating comparison with the conventional batch extraction to highlight the intensification benefits based on the usage of ultrasound. Understanding into the effect of operational parameters like type of solvent, extraction temperature, solid to solvent ratio and raw material size distribution as well as the equipment operating conditions as frequency and power on the extraction yield has been developed. Based on the results for extraction yield, the optimum conditions for UAE approach were 40 °C as temperature, 1:30 as solid to solvent ratio, 0.09 mm as the mean particle size, 240 W as ultrasonic power, 22 kHz as ultrasonic frequency and ethanol as the most suitable solvent. Under these optimum conditions, the highest extraction yield of 73.18 % was achieved in 2 h whereas batch extraction for 14 h resulted in 52.31 % yield clearly demonstrating the intensification due to ultrasound. Peleg's model was applied to explain the extraction kinetics of curcumin and the proposed model satisfactorily predicted the extraction kinetics of curcumin. Overall, UAE proved to be a better technique in terms of lesser time, lesser heating requirement and additional extraction yield.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Jan 7, 2021
This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loa... more This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loaded with cobalt stearate as pro-oxidant after abiotic treatment. Eight films of these composites were prepared using different pro-oxidant loadings. These films were treated abiotically using accelerated weathering for 40 h, and biotically using aerobic composting as per ASTM D 5338. The experimental data were analyzed using an eight-parameter Komilis model containing a flat lag phase. The model formulations involved hydrolysis of primary solid carbon and its subsequent mineralization. The first step was rate controlling and it included hydrolysis of slowly (Cs), moderately (Cm), and readily (Cr) hydrolyzable carbon fractions in parallel. The model parameters were evaluated by means of nonlinear regression technique. The surface morphology of the films before and after the biodegradability test supported the biodegradation results. The model parameters and undegraded/hydrolyzable/mineralizable carbon evolutions involved moderately and readily hydrolyzable carbons but with the absence of slowly hydrolyzable carbon. These exhibit degradability in the range of 11.20-36.42% in 45 days. Biodegradability increases with progressive increase in pro-oxidant loading. The rate of degradation reaches maximum (0.322-0.897% per day) at around the 39th-12th day. For all the films, readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions and their hydrolysis rate constants (kr) are appreciably increased with increasing pro-oxidant loading. All the films show the presence of growth phase because of their high initial readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions. The SEM images after the abiotic and subsequently biotic treatments were progressively rougher. The methods presented here can be used for the design and control of other similar systems.
In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twi... more In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by compounding technique. Eight films of these compounds were prepared using compression moulding. The modified PP films were characterized for chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties (before and after biodegradation). The biodegradation of the CoSt filled PP films was studied under controlled composting conditions, and the degradation intermediates were evaluated for their ecotoxicological impact. The CoSt present in the PP film was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As the addition of CoSt was progressively increased, the tensile strength and thermal stability decreased as shown by UTM and thermogravimetric analysis. The compounding of CoSt in PP reduced its crystallinity as revealed by the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis, and this led to enhanced degradation of PP. After biodegradation, SEM results of modified PP films showed rougher morphology than before biodegradation. The maximum biodegradation (19.78%) was shown by the film having 2 phr CoSt. The ecotoxicity tests of the degraded material, namely, microbial test, plant growth test, and earthworm acute-toxicity test demonstrated that the biodegradation intermediates were nontoxic. Hence, CoSt filled PP has high industrial potential to make biodegradable flexible packaging.
In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twi... more In this work, polypropylene (PP) filled with different proportions of CoSt were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by compounding technique. Eight films of these compounds were prepared using compression moulding. The modified PP films were characterized for chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties (before and after biodegradation). The biodegradation of the CoSt filled PP films was studied under controlled composting conditions, and the degradation intermediates were evaluated for their ecotoxicological impact. The CoSt present in the PP film was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As the addition of CoSt was progressively increased, the tensile strength and thermal stability decreased as shown by UTM and thermogravimetric analysis. The compounding of CoSt in PP reduced its crystallinity as revealed by the differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis, and this led to enhanced degradation of PP. After biodegradation, SEM results ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loa... more This work aims at modeling and characterizing the kinetics of biodegradation of polypropylene loaded with cobalt stearate as pro-oxidant after abiotic treatment. Eight films of these composites were prepared using different pro-oxidant loadings. These films were treated abiotically using accelerated weathering for 40 h, and biotically using aerobic composting as per ASTM D 5338. The experimental data were analyzed using an eight-parameter Komilis model containing a flat lag phase. The model formulations involved hydrolysis of primary solid carbon and its subsequent mineralization. The first step was rate controlling and it included hydrolysis of slowly (Cs), moderately (Cm), and readily (Cr) hydrolyzable carbon fractions in parallel. The model parameters were evaluated by means of nonlinear regression technique. The surface morphology of the films before and after the biodegradability test supported the biodegradation results. The model parameters and undegraded/hydrolyzable/mineralizable carbon evolutions involved moderately and readily hydrolyzable carbons but with the absence of slowly hydrolyzable carbon. These exhibit degradability in the range of 11.20-36.42% in 45 days. Biodegradability increases with progressive increase in pro-oxidant loading. The rate of degradation reaches maximum (0.322-0.897% per day) at around the 39th-12th day. For all the films, readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions and their hydrolysis rate constants (kr) are appreciably increased with increasing pro-oxidant loading. All the films show the presence of growth phase because of their high initial readily hydrolyzable carbon fractions. The SEM images after the abiotic and subsequently biotic treatments were progressively rougher. The methods presented here can be used for the design and control of other similar systems.
In the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI), the integration of multiple modalities has emer... more In the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI), the integration of multiple modalities has emerged as a promising approach to enhance user experiences and enable more natural and intuitive interaction paradigms. This paper explores the advancements in multimodal fusion techniques and their application in HCI, focusing on the integration of eye tracking, lips detection, speech recognition, and voice synthesis. The proposed framework aims to leverage the combined power of these modalities to achieve intelligent cursor control and provide enhanced auditory feedback to users. By seamlessly integrating eye tracking, lips detection, and speech recognition, the system can accurately interpret user intentions and gestures. The eye tracking component enables precise tracking of gaze movements, while the lips detection module analyses lip movements for additional input signals. Concurrently, the speech recognition module captures user commands and converts them into actionable instructions. The synthesized voice feedback component plays a crucial role in providing auditory responses to user actions, ensuring a seamless and engaging interaction experience. Through the integration of voice synthesis, the system can effectively communicate feedback, confirm user inputs, and guide users through the interface. The combined functionality of intelligent cursor control and auditory feedback opens up new possibilities for more efficient and immersive HCI. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multimodal fusion framework. User studies reveal improved cursor manipulation accuracy and reduced cognitive load compared to traditional input methods. The system's ability to adapt to individual user preferences and environmental conditions further enhances the overall user experience. This paper contributes to the advancement of multimodal fusion techniques in HCI by showcasing the integration of eye tracking, lips detection, speech recognition, and voice synthesis. It highlights the potential of this comprehensive approach to enable intelligent cursor control and provide sophisticated auditory feedback, thereby paving the way for more intuitive and immersive human-computer interaction paradigms.
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Papers by Dr. Sunil Sable