- Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a technique for finding the exact angle that a ray must be transmitted in order to arrive at a particular location after refracting through a dielectric medium. The technique is initially developed for a... more
ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a technique for finding the exact angle that a ray must be transmitted in order to arrive at a particular location after refracting through a dielectric medium. The technique is initially developed for a single dielectric medium but is shown to be applicable to multiple dielectric media with various widths and permittivities. Simulation results have shown that the proposed technique performs better than the existing techniques for low loss dielectrics and for certain incidence angles.
Research Interests:
We have proposed a 31.5 GHz patch antenna for medical implants. The design is based on the transmission line model and is simulated in CST. The patch antenna performs reasonably well in terms of return loss and radiation efficiency.... more
We have proposed a 31.5 GHz patch antenna for medical implants. The design is based on the transmission line model and is simulated in CST. The patch antenna performs reasonably well in terms of return loss and radiation efficiency. However, the most attractive feature of this design is its form factor. Typical antennas designed for the microwave range are quite large in size, which makes them unsuitable for implants. The proposed design is much smaller in size but still retains the essential characteristics for reliable communication.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In this paper we derive exact mathematical expressions for the probability of error of minimum shift keying (MSK) in presence of a co-channel interferer. We show that the probability of error of MSK is highly dependant on the phase... more
In this paper we derive exact mathematical expressions for the probability of error of minimum shift keying (MSK) in presence of a co-channel interferer. We show that the probability of error of MSK is highly dependant on the phase difference between the two signals and with proper phase offset the two signals are quasi-orthogonal. The mathematical expressions derived here are validated through Monte-Carlo simulations
Research Interests:
In this paper we present modifications to Young's Rayleigh fading simulator which result in highly efficient implementation in software and hardware. We then compare the output of the proposed Rayleigh fading simulator to the ideal... more
In this paper we present modifications to Young's Rayleigh fading simulator which result in highly efficient implementation in software and hardware. We then compare the output of the proposed Rayleigh fading simulator to the ideal simulator in terms of the envelope distribution, LCR and AFD, autocorrelation of the real and imaginary parts and bit error rate. It is found that although the LCR and AFD and autocorrelation for the proposed scheme deviate somewhat from the ideal the bit error rate remains essentially the same.