VINAYAKA M

In 2023, a comprehensive assessment of the soil fertility state was conducted in various places within Davanagere and Haveri districts. The study found crop production restrictions related to soil conditions that must be addressed for the optimal use of agricultural land. Geo-referenced (GPS-based) composite surface soil samples ranging from 0 to 15 cm were gathered from a total of thirteen villages. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the sample points after they were acquired using a differential global position method. A soil's pH, electrical conductivity, available potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available organic carbon were all measured. Most of the soils had a neutral composition. Organic matter in soil can range from 1.1% to 8.78%. It was discovered that the mean levels of potassium, accessible phosphorus, and total nitrogen were, respectively, 135.5 mg/kg, 41.4 mg/kg, and 154.27 mg/kg. QGIS 3.12 software was utilised to create thematic maps for each soil parameter, and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation was employed to forecast values for unsampled sites. The soil fertility map was prepared using the weighted overlay method. In order to effectively cultivate and develop crops, fertility provides a ready-made source of information regarding the status of soil fertility. Fertility also acts as a decision-making tool.

This research aims at finding the effectiveness of Remazole Red RGB dye removal using arecanut peel, an agricultural waste, as an activated carbon. The arecanut peel-activated carbon was prepared in the laboratory by carbonization followed by activation. Adsorption studies were carried out to look for the effect of different experimental scenarios, like different pH values, varying contact times, the initial concentration of dye, and changing arecanut peel carbon dosage, on the removal efficiency of Remazole Red RGB dye from the experimental solution. The equilibrium experimental results were checked for the applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the kinetic models. The batch test result was a maximum dye removal of 83% with an initial dye concentration of 5 mg/L at an adsorbent dose of 0.625 g/L at dye pH 4 in a 50-minute time span. For Remazole Red RGB dye removal, the test result is unfavorable for the Langmuir isotherm model but suits well for he Freundlich i isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of arecanut peel carbon on Remazole Red RGB dye was 3.89 mg/g. It was evident that the adsorption process is favorable for the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. It was seen that intra-particle diffusion is not the only rate-limiting step in this adsorption experimental system; also, regression results show that the linear regression model gives the best outcome. The end result of this study confirms that powder arecanut peel activated carbon was the right option for removing reactive dye from an aqueous solution.

Sewerage networks are a vital part of the infrastructure of any society. In Earlier days, manual design of conveyance systems was practiced and now it has switched to advanced design practices adopting well organized computer aided design tools. Within the proposed paper the design of Underground drainage system is done for Chamanahalli, Bannur. In order to maintain hygiene conditions in the area, the study involving designing of a sewerage network with the help of SEWER 3.0 software is being proposed.

Water, which is the most valuable resource, is under threat due to climate changes and rapid increase in population. Millions of liters of water per day are generated as non-potable water in many large cities. This ends up getting into soak pits as wastewater. Soil Biotechnology is the cost effective and eco-friendly technology to treat such wastewater. In this paper, to treat the generated wastewater a soil biotechnology plant has been proposed for Chamanahalli, Bannur. The treated water is supposed to be used for irrigation and other secondary purposes.

The baseline environment study presented herein offers a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the environment in a specific study area. The study aimed to establish a foundational understanding of the area's biodiversity, ecosystem health, environmental quality, and potential threats to inform future conservation and management strategies. Data was collected through a combination of field surveys, remote sensing techniques, and laboratory analyses, encompassing a range of environmental parameters. The implications of these findings for conservation and environmental management were discussed, providing recommendations for sustainable practices and strategies to mitigate identified threats. The study's baseline data serves as a critical benchmark for future monitoring and evaluation, supporting evidence-based decision-making and policy formulation. In the present study area, all the environmental attributes viz., Ambient air, Noise and Water environment (Ground water and Surface water) are within the permissible limit as prescribed by CPCB and BIS:10500-2012.

Human activities, including pollution, invasive species, habitat degradation, overfishing, and climate change, are causing a decline in marine biodiversity and ecosystems. These issues disrupt food webs, habitat loss, and interfere with marine organisms' health and reproduction. Climate change also strains marine life. Conservation efforts and sustainable management techniques are needed to protect marine biodiversity, including pollution management, habitat protection, sustainable fishing methods, and climate change mitigation. Integrated strategies addressing pollution, habitat protection, sustainable fishing, and climate change mitigation are crucial for preserving marine ecosystems.

The mining sector, despite its significant role in the climate and biodiversity crises, has not garnered substantial attention in global discussions on these matters. COP15 presents an additional chance to integrate biodiversity and forests into standard practices within the mining sector. In 2019, a UN report highlighted a global biodiversity crisis characterized by an alarming pace of animal and plant extinctions, putting one million species at risk of vanishing. Surprisingly, the biodiversity crisis doesn't garner the same level of media and political focus as the climate crisis, despite the imperative to address both simultaneously. Preserving habitats such as forests serves a dual purpose: safeguarding species diversity while also serving as a solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Forests act as vital carbon sinks, absorbing and storing atmospheric carbon as biomass. Mining activities, essential for meeting global resource demands, have become a pervasive threat to biodiversity, leading to widespread ecological disruption and biodiversity loss.