Jūratė Senvaitienė: PhD degree at the Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry (2006), Lithuania. Deputy director of Lithuanian Art Museum, Head of Pranas Gudynas Restoration Centre
Abstract A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for th... more Abstract A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for the protection of the external surface of copper has been used in this study. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor to prepare nanosilica coatings on the surface of copper. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO2 sol solution with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) or hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS) as basic materials. For comparison, the copper substrates were also coated with commercial polymers (Paraloid B 72, Plexisol P 550-40 and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)). The surface morphology changes of uncoated and coated specimens were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobicity of surfaces and photochemical ageing effects were evaluated by contact angle measurements. Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
In this article the results of an analytical characterization of archaeological pottery and amber... more In this article the results of an analytical characterization of archaeological pottery and amber samples from different regions of Lithuania are presented. The samples of ancient pottery and amber from villages Benaičiai (West Lithuania) and Turlojiškės (South Lithuania) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the investigated pottery samples from the Western and Southern Lithuania showed different morphology and phase composition, possibly due to different fabrication conditions. However, the morphology of the archaeological amber samples excavated in different complexes was almost identical. The XRD results showed that a small amount of quartz is trapped inside amber.
A novel methodological approach has been developed for the qualitative determination of nature of... more A novel methodological approach has been developed for the qualitative determination of nature of historical writing inks. The identification of unknown historical writing ink was performed using FTIR, UV and visible spectroscopies and capillary electrophoresis. The infrared spectra of all samples were recorded using two different techniques (KBr pellet and ZnSe cell). The KBr method was used for the characterization of ink samples evaporated to dryness, while ZnSe cell techniques were used for the analysis of ink aqueous solutions or suspensions. It was demonstrated that the KBr method could be used for the determination of nature of the historical writing ink sample, however, the application of ZnSe cell technique for the identification of specific features was problematic. Characterization by UV and visible spectroscopies and capillary electrophoresis also revealed the characteristic features in the ink samples providing a possibility to determine the identity of historical writing ink regarding its chemical composition.
In this study, the red iron paints used in ancient manuscripts for rubrics and miniatures were fa... more In this study, the red iron paints used in ancient manuscripts for rubrics and miniatures were fabricated and investigated. The commercial three different iron pigments (red ochre (Fe2O3), red bolus (Fe2O3.xSiO2.yAl2O3), and hematite (Fe2O3)) and three binding media (gum Arabic, fish glue and parchment glue) were used for the preparation of analogous to historical red iron paints. The obtained model red iron paints were analyzed with the aim to create a short data library which could be used for the characterization of different model compositions of red paints as well as real historical and archaeological red paints. The obtained red paints and binding media were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermal (TG/DSC) analysis techniques. The accelerated aging test was also applied for the analogous to historical red iron paints...
In this study, a novel conservation method was developed for the protection of historical outdoor... more In this study, a novel conservation method was developed for the protection of historical outdoor ceramics. The historical ceramics from monastery of "San Filippo di Fragalà" (Sicily, Italy) were chosen for this study. Polymeric films on the surface of ceramics specimens were formed using Silres BS 16 as a precursor. For the comparison, the material Paraloid B-82, which is already known in the conservation practice, was also used for the formation of protective coatings on historical ceramics. The investigated samples were characterized by SEM, TG, EDX, XRD methods and contact angle measurements. The results obtained showed that ceramic samples were successfully preserved and saturated by Silres BS 16 with forming effective polymeric coatings on ancient ceramics surfaces.
The influence ofcarboxylate-alumoxane protective coatings on the condition of writing paper inked... more The influence ofcarboxylate-alumoxane protective coatings on the condition of writing paper inked with iron and copper gall inks has been investigated. All paper samples used in this study were coated with hexanato-alumoxane at room temperature changing the soaking time from 1 to 8 h. The influence of deconservation parameters (duration and temperature) on the stability of inks was also studied. Paper samples (untreated, coated and after deconservation) were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analytical characterization of paper samples showed no degradation of its cellulosic substrate during conservation. However, the destructive effect ofalumoxane on the writing iron gall inks was determined.
Abstract In the present study, SiO 2 coatings are presented as an alternative to the traditional ... more Abstract In the present study, SiO 2 coatings are presented as an alternative to the traditional ones, used in conservation of metals. The preparation of methyl–modified nanosilica coatings by the sol–gel technique to protect the external surface of copper alloys is discussed herein. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO 2 sol solution with hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS). The surface of brass and bronze specimens was coated by dip-coating technique. The structural features of the coatings were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy. The hydrophobicity of the surfaces was investigated by contact angle measurements. The surface morphology changes of bare and coated specimens prior and after photochemical ageing were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
The artwork illumination requires special lighting to prevent a photochemical damage. Reflectance... more The artwork illumination requires special lighting to prevent a photochemical damage. Reflectance spectrums were measured of the UV-degraded 25 watercolour pigments and an optimal solid-state light source was modelled for this specific colour set.
Data Revues 12962074 Unassign S1296207413001532, Oct 7, 2013
ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for th... more ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for the protection of the external surface of copper has been used in this study. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor to prepare nanosilica coatings on the surface of copper. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO2 sol solution with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) or hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS) as basic materials. For comparison, the copper substrates were also coated with commercial polymers (Paraloid B 72, Plexisol P 550-40 and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)). The surface morphology changes of uncoated and coated specimens were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobicity of surfaces and photochemical ageing effects were evaluated by contact angle measurements. Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for th... more ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for the protection of the external surface of copper has been used in this study. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor to prepare nanosilica coatings on the surface of copper. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO2 sol solution with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) or hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS) as basic materials. For comparison, the copper substrates were also coated with commercial polymers (Paraloid B 72, Plexisol P 550-40 and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)). The surface morphology changes of uncoated and coated specimens were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobicity of surfaces and photochemical ageing effects were evaluated by contact angle measurements. Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt n... more In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.
In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt n... more In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.
In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt n... more In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.
... Figure 11. XRD patterns of fired at 1000 °C different glazes: sam-ple 2 (a), sample 3 (b), sa... more ... Figure 11. XRD patterns of fired at 1000 °C different glazes: sam-ple 2 (a), sample 3 (b), sample 4 (c), and sample 6 (d). Page 6. 190 Acta Chim. Slov. ... PM Rice, Pottery Analysis A Sourcebook, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987. 22. MA Legodi, D. de Waal, Cryst. Eng. ...
Abstract A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for th... more Abstract A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for the protection of the external surface of copper has been used in this study. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor to prepare nanosilica coatings on the surface of copper. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO2 sol solution with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) or hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS) as basic materials. For comparison, the copper substrates were also coated with commercial polymers (Paraloid B 72, Plexisol P 550-40 and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)). The surface morphology changes of uncoated and coated specimens were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobicity of surfaces and photochemical ageing effects were evaluated by contact angle measurements. Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
In this article the results of an analytical characterization of archaeological pottery and amber... more In this article the results of an analytical characterization of archaeological pottery and amber samples from different regions of Lithuania are presented. The samples of ancient pottery and amber from villages Benaičiai (West Lithuania) and Turlojiškės (South Lithuania) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the investigated pottery samples from the Western and Southern Lithuania showed different morphology and phase composition, possibly due to different fabrication conditions. However, the morphology of the archaeological amber samples excavated in different complexes was almost identical. The XRD results showed that a small amount of quartz is trapped inside amber.
A novel methodological approach has been developed for the qualitative determination of nature of... more A novel methodological approach has been developed for the qualitative determination of nature of historical writing inks. The identification of unknown historical writing ink was performed using FTIR, UV and visible spectroscopies and capillary electrophoresis. The infrared spectra of all samples were recorded using two different techniques (KBr pellet and ZnSe cell). The KBr method was used for the characterization of ink samples evaporated to dryness, while ZnSe cell techniques were used for the analysis of ink aqueous solutions or suspensions. It was demonstrated that the KBr method could be used for the determination of nature of the historical writing ink sample, however, the application of ZnSe cell technique for the identification of specific features was problematic. Characterization by UV and visible spectroscopies and capillary electrophoresis also revealed the characteristic features in the ink samples providing a possibility to determine the identity of historical writing ink regarding its chemical composition.
In this study, the red iron paints used in ancient manuscripts for rubrics and miniatures were fa... more In this study, the red iron paints used in ancient manuscripts for rubrics and miniatures were fabricated and investigated. The commercial three different iron pigments (red ochre (Fe2O3), red bolus (Fe2O3.xSiO2.yAl2O3), and hematite (Fe2O3)) and three binding media (gum Arabic, fish glue and parchment glue) were used for the preparation of analogous to historical red iron paints. The obtained model red iron paints were analyzed with the aim to create a short data library which could be used for the characterization of different model compositions of red paints as well as real historical and archaeological red paints. The obtained red paints and binding media were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermal (TG/DSC) analysis techniques. The accelerated aging test was also applied for the analogous to historical red iron paints...
In this study, a novel conservation method was developed for the protection of historical outdoor... more In this study, a novel conservation method was developed for the protection of historical outdoor ceramics. The historical ceramics from monastery of "San Filippo di Fragalà" (Sicily, Italy) were chosen for this study. Polymeric films on the surface of ceramics specimens were formed using Silres BS 16 as a precursor. For the comparison, the material Paraloid B-82, which is already known in the conservation practice, was also used for the formation of protective coatings on historical ceramics. The investigated samples were characterized by SEM, TG, EDX, XRD methods and contact angle measurements. The results obtained showed that ceramic samples were successfully preserved and saturated by Silres BS 16 with forming effective polymeric coatings on ancient ceramics surfaces.
The influence ofcarboxylate-alumoxane protective coatings on the condition of writing paper inked... more The influence ofcarboxylate-alumoxane protective coatings on the condition of writing paper inked with iron and copper gall inks has been investigated. All paper samples used in this study were coated with hexanato-alumoxane at room temperature changing the soaking time from 1 to 8 h. The influence of deconservation parameters (duration and temperature) on the stability of inks was also studied. Paper samples (untreated, coated and after deconservation) were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analytical characterization of paper samples showed no degradation of its cellulosic substrate during conservation. However, the destructive effect ofalumoxane on the writing iron gall inks was determined.
Abstract In the present study, SiO 2 coatings are presented as an alternative to the traditional ... more Abstract In the present study, SiO 2 coatings are presented as an alternative to the traditional ones, used in conservation of metals. The preparation of methyl–modified nanosilica coatings by the sol–gel technique to protect the external surface of copper alloys is discussed herein. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO 2 sol solution with hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS). The surface of brass and bronze specimens was coated by dip-coating technique. The structural features of the coatings were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy. The hydrophobicity of the surfaces was investigated by contact angle measurements. The surface morphology changes of bare and coated specimens prior and after photochemical ageing were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
The artwork illumination requires special lighting to prevent a photochemical damage. Reflectance... more The artwork illumination requires special lighting to prevent a photochemical damage. Reflectance spectrums were measured of the UV-degraded 25 watercolour pigments and an optimal solid-state light source was modelled for this specific colour set.
Data Revues 12962074 Unassign S1296207413001532, Oct 7, 2013
ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for th... more ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for the protection of the external surface of copper has been used in this study. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor to prepare nanosilica coatings on the surface of copper. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO2 sol solution with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) or hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS) as basic materials. For comparison, the copper substrates were also coated with commercial polymers (Paraloid B 72, Plexisol P 550-40 and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)). The surface morphology changes of uncoated and coated specimens were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobicity of surfaces and photochemical ageing effects were evaluated by contact angle measurements. Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for th... more ABSTRACT A simple sol-gel technique for the preparation of methyl–modified silica coatings for the protection of the external surface of copper has been used in this study. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor to prepare nanosilica coatings on the surface of copper. The methyl–modified silica sols were obtained by mixing of 3% SiO2 sol solution with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) or hexamethyldisilozane (HMDS) as basic materials. For comparison, the copper substrates were also coated with commercial polymers (Paraloid B 72, Plexisol P 550-40 and polyvinyl butyral (PVB)). The surface morphology changes of uncoated and coated specimens were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophobicity of surfaces and photochemical ageing effects were evaluated by contact angle measurements. Potentiodynamic measurements were obtained in order to compare corrosion parameters of the coatings.
In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt n... more In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.
In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt n... more In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.
In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt n... more In the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.
... Figure 11. XRD patterns of fired at 1000 °C different glazes: sam-ple 2 (a), sample 3 (b), sa... more ... Figure 11. XRD patterns of fired at 1000 °C different glazes: sam-ple 2 (a), sample 3 (b), sample 4 (c), and sample 6 (d). Page 6. 190 Acta Chim. Slov. ... PM Rice, Pottery Analysis A Sourcebook, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987. 22. MA Legodi, D. de Waal, Cryst. Eng. ...
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