Mammalogy Notes, la revista científica de la Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología celebra su prim... more Mammalogy Notes, la revista científica de la Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología celebra su primera década de publicar y difundir investigación e información científica original sobre la historia natural, distribución, ecología y otros aspectos de la biología de los mamíferos de Colombia y el mundo. La revista ha servido de espacio de difusión principalmente para autores latinoamericanos, destacándose la contribución de colombianos, mexicanos y brasileños. Resaltamos el apoyo incondicional y el legado de los editores, autores e investigadores en general, quienes han sido clave en el fortalecimiento y consolidación de Mammalogy Notes. Así mismo, esperamos que la revista continúe por muchos años más y se siga consolidando como una fuente confiable de información sobre la diversidad e importancia de los mamíferos a nivel nacional e internacional
The Andean white ear opossum (Didelphis pernigra, Allen 1900) is one of the three species of the ... more The Andean white ear opossum (Didelphis pernigra, Allen 1900) is one of the three species of the genus Didelphis reported in Colombia. Here we present a systematic review of D. pernigra in Colombia, with a geographical and altitudinal distribution hypothesis from the country. We reported geographic records and scientific available information of D. pernigra in 40 studies, 55.26 % of the available literature corresponded to local and regional inventories; 23.68 % of other documents were studies about mammal assemblages, while 21.05 % were specific studies about the species and the genus Didelphis in Colombia. We classified literature according to the following subcategories: natural history, diet, inventories, threats, reproduction, uses and perceptions. Most of the literature corresponded to detection in inventories (55.26 %), followed by natural history information (21.05 %) and threats (7.89 %). Research about diet, uses, perception and reproduction, had the lowest proportion with 5.26 %. Regarding distribution, geographic records ranged between 1060 and 3740 m across the three Andean ranges of Colombia. In general, little is known about the ecology or natural history of the species, efforts should be focused on filling the information gaps about natural history, and surveys should fill the distribution gaps along the Western and Central ranges of Colombia.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Tremarctos ornatus (F.G. Cuvier, 1825) is a tremarctine bear commonly known as the Andean bear. I... more Tremarctos ornatus (F.G. Cuvier, 1825) is a tremarctine bear commonly known as the Andean bear. It is a medium-sized bear with black to dark red-brown pelage with dense, long, coarse fur; creamy white marks occur on the chin, neck, and chest, and often white to creamy marks occur on the face, around the muzzle, and eyes. It is distributed in the tropical Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, and northern Argentina in South America. T. ornatus is catalogued as "Vulnerable” (VU) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and is included in CITES Appendix I. Main threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, illegal killing, human–bear conflicts, and most likely climate change.
Home range of an individual of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) captured at the Chingaza National... more Home range of an individual of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) captured at the Chingaza National Park, Colombia (Local Convex Hull method, LoCoH).
Two iconic and charismatic species that inhabit the northern Andes of South America are the Andea... more Two iconic and charismatic species that inhabit the northern Andes of South America are the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and the Mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque). Both species can be found sympatrically in several areas of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. Despite their overlap in distribution, little is known about interactions between both species, with few reported cases of Andean bear attacks on the Mountain tapir. Here, we report a possible attack by an Andean bear on a Mountain tapir in the northern part of Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia based on strong wounds and marks on a tapir's back and rump. The wounds match typical attack patterns generated by Andean bears and corroborates previous camera traps records of bears attacking tapirs in this locality.
Human-Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) conflicts are increasing due to the establishment of lives... more Human-Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) conflicts are increasing due to the establishment of livestock or crops near to its natural habitats. Here we report scavenging time patterns of Andean bears and the potential social scavenging behaviors in Choachí and Guasca municipalities, Cundinamarca department, buffer zone of Chingaza National Natural Park, Colombia. Between 2013-2015, we obtained 31 Andean bear scav-enging events, allegedly related with human-bear conflict reports; most records occurred in Choachí municipality (n = 29). Daily scavenging behaviors showed a heterogeneous pattern, where bears prefer to scavenge in morning hours (6:00 h-10:00 h) with small activity in the afternoon (15:00 h-17:00 h). Furthermore, we report on the first potential record of social activity of three adults scavenging on the same carcass at the same time with no aggressive/antagonistic behaviors between the individuals. Most aspects of Andean bear wild behaviors are still unknown; our observations represent interesting additions to the natural history of the species that could also be included in future programs for the mitigation and reduction of conflicts with human communities in the Andean region of Colombia. Los conflictos Humano – Oso Andino (Tremarctos ornatus) han incrementado debido al establecimiento de sistemas ganaderos o de agri-cultura cercanos a sus hábitats naturales. Reportamos los patrones temporales de carroñeo de Osos Andinos y comportamientos potenciales de carroñeo social en los municipios de Choachí y Guasca, departamento de Cundinamarca, zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Colombia. Entre los años 2013-2015, registramos 31 eventos de carroñeo por Oso Andino, reportados como eventos de conflicto Humano – Oso. La mayoría de los eventos ocurrieron en el municipio de Choachí (n = 29). Los comportamientos diarios de consumo de carroña mostraron un patrón heterogéneo, donde los osos prefieren carroñar en horas de la mañana (6:00 h-10:00 h) con poca actividad durante las horas de la tarde (15:00 h – 17:00 h). Además, reportamos el primer registro potencial de comportamientos sociales de tres adultos, carroñando en el mismo cadáver a la misma hora, sin presentar comportamientos de agresividad / antagonismo entre los tres individuos. El conocimiento de los comportamientos de oso Andino en vida silvestre aún es incipiente o desconocido. Nuestras observaciones aportan al conocimiento de la historia natural de la especie, los cuales podrían ser incluidos en futuros programas para la mitigación y reducción de los conflictos con comunidades humanas en la zona andina de Colombia.
Con un esfuerzo de muestreo efectivo de 6.343 días-trampa y 3.020 eventos positivos, se registrar... more Con un esfuerzo de muestreo efectivo de 6.343 días-trampa y 3.020 eventos positivos, se registraron un total de 9 especies de mamíferos medianos silvestres, y dos especies domésticas, para esta porción de la Reserva. Las especies silvestres más frecuentemente detectadas fueron el Cusumbo (Nasuella olivacea; FD=2,66 fotos/ 100 días-trampa en 37% de las estaciones; Figura 3), seguida por la Fara (Didelphis pernigra; FD=1,95 fotos/ 100 días-trampa en 34% de las estaciones); las dos especies domésticas (ferales y semiferales) fueron también frecuentemente detectadas (perros y gatos, FD=2,54 y 0.82 fotos/ 100 días-trampa, respectivamente), donde los perros fueron los que se detectaron en mayor proporción de estaciones (44,2%) de todo el estudio.
The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, w... more The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, with a disjunct distribution from Mexico to Brazil. Poorly known across its range, in Colombia the species is mostly known only from scarce and sporadic records, but with no information for most aspects of its ecology or conservation status. Here we present the first record of the species for a peri-urban area of Bogotá, capital city of Colombia. Our record is the first for a large city across its range, located outside previous range estimates and confirming its presence for the tutelar mountains of the city. Although this record does not expand significantly the range of the species, it represents an important addition to the fauna of Bogotá, highlighting the importance of improving conservation measures for this important forest patch, and thus ecological integrity, in one of the largest cities in the Neotropics.
The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, w... more The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, with a disjunct distribution from Mexico to Brazil. Poorly known across its range, in Colombia the species is mostly known only from scarce and sporadic records, but with no information for most aspects of its ecology or conservation status. Here we present the first record of the species for a peri-urban area of Bogotá, capital city of Colombia. Our record is the first for a large city across its range, located outside previous range estimates and confirming its presence for the tutelar mountains of the city. Although this record does not expand significantly the range of the species, it represents an important addition to the fauna of Bogotá, highlighting the importance of improving conservation measures for this important forest patch, and thus ecological integrity, in one of the largest cities in the Neotropics.
The use of vaginal smears for the study of the reproductive patterns of Neotropical bats has not ... more The use of vaginal smears for the study of the reproductive patterns of Neotropical bats has not been employed using a standardized protocol. We developed and evaluated a protocol, based on this technique, for the identification of the estrous cycle in an assemblage of bats in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The protocol for vaginal smears in bats was performed in three phases: 1) sampling in the field, 2) staining of vaginal smears, and 3) vaginal cell counts. Vaginal smears were taken and external reproductive characteristics were determined in the field. The results of these two data sets were compared for estimation of estrous status. Significant differences were detected between the proportions of different types of vaginal cells found in the smear samples. Overall, 95% of the females characterized as reproductively inactive based on external traits were found to be reproductively active according to vaginal smear characteristics; the remaining percentage of inactive reproductive cases coincided with the information obtained from vaginal smear technique. The use of the vaginal smear protocol allows the accurate determination and quantification of the reproductive status of individuals and populations of Neotropical bats. We conclude that this protocol offers a standardized method for the collection of individual reproductive status information in Neotropical bats. RESUMEN. Citologías vaginales: una fuente clave de información del ciclo estral en murciélagos neotropicales. el uso de citologías vaginales para el estudio de los fenómenos reproductivos de los murciélagos neotropicales no ha sido implementado bajo un protocolo estandarizado. Evaluamos e implementamos un protocolo de cito-logías vaginales, con el objetivo de probar su eficacia para la identificación del ciclo estral de un ensamblaje de murciélagos en el Caribe colombiano. El protocolo para realizar citologías vaginales en murciélagos neotropicales se dividió en tres fases: 1) toma de muestras en campo, 2) coloración de citologías vaginales y 3) conteo de células vaginales. La prueba se realizó bajo condiciones de campo, registrando los caracteres externos repro-ductivos tradicionales, los cuales se confrontaron con los resultados de las citologías vaginales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la proporción de los diferentes tipos de células contadas en las láminas de las citologías vaginales. El 95% de las hembras caracterizadas como inactivas mediante el registro de caracteres externos se encontraban en algún estado reproductivo de acuerdo a las citologías vaginales; el porcentaje res-tante de hembras caracterizadas como inactivas también presentó inactividad reproductiva según las citologías vaginales. El uso de este nuevo protocolo de caracterización reproductiva permite describir y cuantificar con
The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in the American co... more The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in the American continent, including Colombia. However, is one of the less studied carnivore species in Colombia, with scarce information regarding distribution, ecology and conservation status. We compiled all records and observations available for the species in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Additionally, through field work held throughout the region, we present new confirmed records for the species. We obtained a total of 78 records, distributed in seven of the eight departments of the Caribbean Region of Colombia; of these, 54 records are new for the region and are located in five departments. The new records expand the known distribution of the species in 162 km to the South and 36,500 km 2 in extent from its previously estimated distribution, also confirming its presence in three departments for the first time. Our results extend the knowledge of the species for the Caribbean region of Colombia by providing new records and data on distribution and extending its known range. These results also highlight the need for further study of the species regarding most aspects of its natural history. El grisón (Galictis vittata) es un carnívoro mustélido con una amplia distribución en el continente americano, incluida Colombia. Sin embargo, se trata de una de las especies de carnívoros menos estudiada en Colombia, con déficit de información sobre su distribución, ecología y estado de conservación. Se recopilaron todos los registros y observaciones disponibles de la especie en la región del Caribe colombiano. Asimismo, a través del trabajo de campo realizado en toda la región, se presentan nuevos registros confirmados de la especie. Se obtuvo un total de 78 registros distribuidos en siete de los ocho departamentos de la Región Caribe de Colombia; de éstos, 54 son nuevos registros en la región y se encuentran en cinco departamentos. Los nuevos registros expanden la distribución conocida de la especie en 162 km lineales hacia el sur y en aproximadamente 36,500 km 2 en extensión respecto de su distribución previamente estimada, y confirman su presencia en tres departamentos por primera vez. Los resultados amplían el conocimiento de la especie en el Caribe colombiano, y proporcionan nuevos registros y datos sobre la distribución, lo que amplía su distribución conocida. Dichos resultados también muestran la necesidad de estudiar la especie en cuanto a la mayoría de los aspectos de su historia natural.
Introduction: The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in t... more Introduction: The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in the American continent, including Colombia. However, is one of the less studied carnivore species in Colombia, with scarce information regarding distribution, ecology and conservation status. Methods: We compiled all records and observations available for the species in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Additionally, through field work held throughout the region, we present new confirmed records for the species. Results: We obtained a total of 78 records, distributed in seven of the eight departments of the Caribbean Region of Colombia; of these, 54 records are new for the region and are located in five departments. The new records expand the known distribution of the species in 162 km to the South and 36,500 km2 in extent from its previously estimated distribution, also confirming its presence in three departments for the first time.. Discussion and conclusions: Our results extend the knowledge of the species for the Caribbean region of Colombia by providing new records and data on distribution and extending its known range. These results also highlight the need for further study of the species regarding most aspects of its natural history.
Coatis are among the most unknown small carnivore species in Colombia; even when all coati specie... more Coatis are among the most unknown small carnivore species in Colombia; even when all coati species have wide distributions, still many aspects of their ecology still need to be explored. Here we present the first confirmed records of sympatry between Nasua nasua and Nasuella olivacea for Colombia and their entire range. Using camera traps at different distances from Chingaza National Natural Park between August and November 2015 (1,367 trap-nights), we obtained fours records for N. nasua and two records for N. olivacea, with one locality shared by both species. So far, no confirmed records existed for two sympatric coati species, and all were considered to have disjunctive, non-overlapping distributions. This finding opens a wide range of new ecological questions, in order to understand how this species compete or share the same habitats, and the underlying traits and process that allow this type of sympatric distributions. We expect that with the growing number of field research efforts, especially with camera-traps, new information will be available about the ecology of both species and likely new localities will record both species using the same spaces.
Mammalogy Notes, la revista científica de la Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología celebra su prim... more Mammalogy Notes, la revista científica de la Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología celebra su primera década de publicar y difundir investigación e información científica original sobre la historia natural, distribución, ecología y otros aspectos de la biología de los mamíferos de Colombia y el mundo. La revista ha servido de espacio de difusión principalmente para autores latinoamericanos, destacándose la contribución de colombianos, mexicanos y brasileños. Resaltamos el apoyo incondicional y el legado de los editores, autores e investigadores en general, quienes han sido clave en el fortalecimiento y consolidación de Mammalogy Notes. Así mismo, esperamos que la revista continúe por muchos años más y se siga consolidando como una fuente confiable de información sobre la diversidad e importancia de los mamíferos a nivel nacional e internacional
The Andean white ear opossum (Didelphis pernigra, Allen 1900) is one of the three species of the ... more The Andean white ear opossum (Didelphis pernigra, Allen 1900) is one of the three species of the genus Didelphis reported in Colombia. Here we present a systematic review of D. pernigra in Colombia, with a geographical and altitudinal distribution hypothesis from the country. We reported geographic records and scientific available information of D. pernigra in 40 studies, 55.26 % of the available literature corresponded to local and regional inventories; 23.68 % of other documents were studies about mammal assemblages, while 21.05 % were specific studies about the species and the genus Didelphis in Colombia. We classified literature according to the following subcategories: natural history, diet, inventories, threats, reproduction, uses and perceptions. Most of the literature corresponded to detection in inventories (55.26 %), followed by natural history information (21.05 %) and threats (7.89 %). Research about diet, uses, perception and reproduction, had the lowest proportion with 5.26 %. Regarding distribution, geographic records ranged between 1060 and 3740 m across the three Andean ranges of Colombia. In general, little is known about the ecology or natural history of the species, efforts should be focused on filling the information gaps about natural history, and surveys should fill the distribution gaps along the Western and Central ranges of Colombia.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Tremarctos ornatus (F.G. Cuvier, 1825) is a tremarctine bear commonly known as the Andean bear. I... more Tremarctos ornatus (F.G. Cuvier, 1825) is a tremarctine bear commonly known as the Andean bear. It is a medium-sized bear with black to dark red-brown pelage with dense, long, coarse fur; creamy white marks occur on the chin, neck, and chest, and often white to creamy marks occur on the face, around the muzzle, and eyes. It is distributed in the tropical Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, and northern Argentina in South America. T. ornatus is catalogued as "Vulnerable” (VU) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and is included in CITES Appendix I. Main threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, illegal killing, human–bear conflicts, and most likely climate change.
Home range of an individual of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) captured at the Chingaza National... more Home range of an individual of Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) captured at the Chingaza National Park, Colombia (Local Convex Hull method, LoCoH).
Two iconic and charismatic species that inhabit the northern Andes of South America are the Andea... more Two iconic and charismatic species that inhabit the northern Andes of South America are the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and the Mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque). Both species can be found sympatrically in several areas of Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru. Despite their overlap in distribution, little is known about interactions between both species, with few reported cases of Andean bear attacks on the Mountain tapir. Here, we report a possible attack by an Andean bear on a Mountain tapir in the northern part of Puracé National Natural Park, Colombia based on strong wounds and marks on a tapir's back and rump. The wounds match typical attack patterns generated by Andean bears and corroborates previous camera traps records of bears attacking tapirs in this locality.
Human-Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) conflicts are increasing due to the establishment of lives... more Human-Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) conflicts are increasing due to the establishment of livestock or crops near to its natural habitats. Here we report scavenging time patterns of Andean bears and the potential social scavenging behaviors in Choachí and Guasca municipalities, Cundinamarca department, buffer zone of Chingaza National Natural Park, Colombia. Between 2013-2015, we obtained 31 Andean bear scav-enging events, allegedly related with human-bear conflict reports; most records occurred in Choachí municipality (n = 29). Daily scavenging behaviors showed a heterogeneous pattern, where bears prefer to scavenge in morning hours (6:00 h-10:00 h) with small activity in the afternoon (15:00 h-17:00 h). Furthermore, we report on the first potential record of social activity of three adults scavenging on the same carcass at the same time with no aggressive/antagonistic behaviors between the individuals. Most aspects of Andean bear wild behaviors are still unknown; our observations represent interesting additions to the natural history of the species that could also be included in future programs for the mitigation and reduction of conflicts with human communities in the Andean region of Colombia. Los conflictos Humano – Oso Andino (Tremarctos ornatus) han incrementado debido al establecimiento de sistemas ganaderos o de agri-cultura cercanos a sus hábitats naturales. Reportamos los patrones temporales de carroñeo de Osos Andinos y comportamientos potenciales de carroñeo social en los municipios de Choachí y Guasca, departamento de Cundinamarca, zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, Colombia. Entre los años 2013-2015, registramos 31 eventos de carroñeo por Oso Andino, reportados como eventos de conflicto Humano – Oso. La mayoría de los eventos ocurrieron en el municipio de Choachí (n = 29). Los comportamientos diarios de consumo de carroña mostraron un patrón heterogéneo, donde los osos prefieren carroñar en horas de la mañana (6:00 h-10:00 h) con poca actividad durante las horas de la tarde (15:00 h – 17:00 h). Además, reportamos el primer registro potencial de comportamientos sociales de tres adultos, carroñando en el mismo cadáver a la misma hora, sin presentar comportamientos de agresividad / antagonismo entre los tres individuos. El conocimiento de los comportamientos de oso Andino en vida silvestre aún es incipiente o desconocido. Nuestras observaciones aportan al conocimiento de la historia natural de la especie, los cuales podrían ser incluidos en futuros programas para la mitigación y reducción de los conflictos con comunidades humanas en la zona andina de Colombia.
Con un esfuerzo de muestreo efectivo de 6.343 días-trampa y 3.020 eventos positivos, se registrar... more Con un esfuerzo de muestreo efectivo de 6.343 días-trampa y 3.020 eventos positivos, se registraron un total de 9 especies de mamíferos medianos silvestres, y dos especies domésticas, para esta porción de la Reserva. Las especies silvestres más frecuentemente detectadas fueron el Cusumbo (Nasuella olivacea; FD=2,66 fotos/ 100 días-trampa en 37% de las estaciones; Figura 3), seguida por la Fara (Didelphis pernigra; FD=1,95 fotos/ 100 días-trampa en 34% de las estaciones); las dos especies domésticas (ferales y semiferales) fueron también frecuentemente detectadas (perros y gatos, FD=2,54 y 0.82 fotos/ 100 días-trampa, respectivamente), donde los perros fueron los que se detectaron en mayor proporción de estaciones (44,2%) de todo el estudio.
The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, w... more The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, with a disjunct distribution from Mexico to Brazil. Poorly known across its range, in Colombia the species is mostly known only from scarce and sporadic records, but with no information for most aspects of its ecology or conservation status. Here we present the first record of the species for a peri-urban area of Bogotá, capital city of Colombia. Our record is the first for a large city across its range, located outside previous range estimates and confirming its presence for the tutelar mountains of the city. Although this record does not expand significantly the range of the species, it represents an important addition to the fauna of Bogotá, highlighting the importance of improving conservation measures for this important forest patch, and thus ecological integrity, in one of the largest cities in the Neotropics.
The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, w... more The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, with a disjunct distribution from Mexico to Brazil. Poorly known across its range, in Colombia the species is mostly known only from scarce and sporadic records, but with no information for most aspects of its ecology or conservation status. Here we present the first record of the species for a peri-urban area of Bogotá, capital city of Colombia. Our record is the first for a large city across its range, located outside previous range estimates and confirming its presence for the tutelar mountains of the city. Although this record does not expand significantly the range of the species, it represents an important addition to the fauna of Bogotá, highlighting the importance of improving conservation measures for this important forest patch, and thus ecological integrity, in one of the largest cities in the Neotropics.
The use of vaginal smears for the study of the reproductive patterns of Neotropical bats has not ... more The use of vaginal smears for the study of the reproductive patterns of Neotropical bats has not been employed using a standardized protocol. We developed and evaluated a protocol, based on this technique, for the identification of the estrous cycle in an assemblage of bats in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The protocol for vaginal smears in bats was performed in three phases: 1) sampling in the field, 2) staining of vaginal smears, and 3) vaginal cell counts. Vaginal smears were taken and external reproductive characteristics were determined in the field. The results of these two data sets were compared for estimation of estrous status. Significant differences were detected between the proportions of different types of vaginal cells found in the smear samples. Overall, 95% of the females characterized as reproductively inactive based on external traits were found to be reproductively active according to vaginal smear characteristics; the remaining percentage of inactive reproductive cases coincided with the information obtained from vaginal smear technique. The use of the vaginal smear protocol allows the accurate determination and quantification of the reproductive status of individuals and populations of Neotropical bats. We conclude that this protocol offers a standardized method for the collection of individual reproductive status information in Neotropical bats. RESUMEN. Citologías vaginales: una fuente clave de información del ciclo estral en murciélagos neotropicales. el uso de citologías vaginales para el estudio de los fenómenos reproductivos de los murciélagos neotropicales no ha sido implementado bajo un protocolo estandarizado. Evaluamos e implementamos un protocolo de cito-logías vaginales, con el objetivo de probar su eficacia para la identificación del ciclo estral de un ensamblaje de murciélagos en el Caribe colombiano. El protocolo para realizar citologías vaginales en murciélagos neotropicales se dividió en tres fases: 1) toma de muestras en campo, 2) coloración de citologías vaginales y 3) conteo de células vaginales. La prueba se realizó bajo condiciones de campo, registrando los caracteres externos repro-ductivos tradicionales, los cuales se confrontaron con los resultados de las citologías vaginales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la proporción de los diferentes tipos de células contadas en las láminas de las citologías vaginales. El 95% de las hembras caracterizadas como inactivas mediante el registro de caracteres externos se encontraban en algún estado reproductivo de acuerdo a las citologías vaginales; el porcentaje res-tante de hembras caracterizadas como inactivas también presentó inactividad reproductiva según las citologías vaginales. El uso de este nuevo protocolo de caracterización reproductiva permite describir y cuantificar con
The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in the American co... more The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in the American continent, including Colombia. However, is one of the less studied carnivore species in Colombia, with scarce information regarding distribution, ecology and conservation status. We compiled all records and observations available for the species in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Additionally, through field work held throughout the region, we present new confirmed records for the species. We obtained a total of 78 records, distributed in seven of the eight departments of the Caribbean Region of Colombia; of these, 54 records are new for the region and are located in five departments. The new records expand the known distribution of the species in 162 km to the South and 36,500 km 2 in extent from its previously estimated distribution, also confirming its presence in three departments for the first time. Our results extend the knowledge of the species for the Caribbean region of Colombia by providing new records and data on distribution and extending its known range. These results also highlight the need for further study of the species regarding most aspects of its natural history. El grisón (Galictis vittata) es un carnívoro mustélido con una amplia distribución en el continente americano, incluida Colombia. Sin embargo, se trata de una de las especies de carnívoros menos estudiada en Colombia, con déficit de información sobre su distribución, ecología y estado de conservación. Se recopilaron todos los registros y observaciones disponibles de la especie en la región del Caribe colombiano. Asimismo, a través del trabajo de campo realizado en toda la región, se presentan nuevos registros confirmados de la especie. Se obtuvo un total de 78 registros distribuidos en siete de los ocho departamentos de la Región Caribe de Colombia; de éstos, 54 son nuevos registros en la región y se encuentran en cinco departamentos. Los nuevos registros expanden la distribución conocida de la especie en 162 km lineales hacia el sur y en aproximadamente 36,500 km 2 en extensión respecto de su distribución previamente estimada, y confirman su presencia en tres departamentos por primera vez. Los resultados amplían el conocimiento de la especie en el Caribe colombiano, y proporcionan nuevos registros y datos sobre la distribución, lo que amplía su distribución conocida. Dichos resultados también muestran la necesidad de estudiar la especie en cuanto a la mayoría de los aspectos de su historia natural.
Introduction: The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in t... more Introduction: The Grison (Galictis vittata) is a mustelid carnivore with a wide distribution in the American continent, including Colombia. However, is one of the less studied carnivore species in Colombia, with scarce information regarding distribution, ecology and conservation status. Methods: We compiled all records and observations available for the species in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Additionally, through field work held throughout the region, we present new confirmed records for the species. Results: We obtained a total of 78 records, distributed in seven of the eight departments of the Caribbean Region of Colombia; of these, 54 records are new for the region and are located in five departments. The new records expand the known distribution of the species in 162 km to the South and 36,500 km2 in extent from its previously estimated distribution, also confirming its presence in three departments for the first time.. Discussion and conclusions: Our results extend the knowledge of the species for the Caribbean region of Colombia by providing new records and data on distribution and extending its known range. These results also highlight the need for further study of the species regarding most aspects of its natural history.
Coatis are among the most unknown small carnivore species in Colombia; even when all coati specie... more Coatis are among the most unknown small carnivore species in Colombia; even when all coati species have wide distributions, still many aspects of their ecology still need to be explored. Here we present the first confirmed records of sympatry between Nasua nasua and Nasuella olivacea for Colombia and their entire range. Using camera traps at different distances from Chingaza National Natural Park between August and November 2015 (1,367 trap-nights), we obtained fours records for N. nasua and two records for N. olivacea, with one locality shared by both species. So far, no confirmed records existed for two sympatric coati species, and all were considered to have disjunctive, non-overlapping distributions. This finding opens a wide range of new ecological questions, in order to understand how this species compete or share the same habitats, and the underlying traits and process that allow this type of sympatric distributions. We expect that with the growing number of field research efforts, especially with camera-traps, new information will be available about the ecology of both species and likely new localities will record both species using the same spaces.
A lo largo de la historia, los osos han sido
exaltados como personajes míticos de gran fuerza,
sa... more A lo largo de la historia, los osos han sido exaltados como personajes míticos de gran fuerza, sabiduría y ternura. En la actualidad, de acuerdo con Leite Pitman et al. (2008), existen ocho especies de osos en el mundo, distribuidas en Europa, Asia y América, ocupando un amplio rango de hábitats, desde las zonas árticas hasta las selvas húmedas tropicales.
Desde épocas ancestrales, el Oso Andino ha estado ligado al desarrollo de las comunidades humanas... more Desde épocas ancestrales, el Oso Andino ha estado ligado al desarrollo de las comunidades humanas en la Cordillera de los Andes. Sin embargo, ha sido objeto de constantes presiones como la cacería, la pérdida de su hábitat y hasta el uso de sus órganos como medicinas tradicionales, siendo clasificado actualmente como una especie Vulnerable a la extinción según la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la Unión Mundial para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Aunque se encuentra en el orden de los Carnívoros (Carnivora), el Oso Andino es una especie omnívora y prefiere consumir plantas y frutas localizadas en bosques altoandinos y páramos, alimentándose ocasionalmente de proteína animal. Aunque existen planes de manejo y conservación de Oso Andino para el macizo de Chingaza y Colombia, la información técnica disponible sobre la especie en el país aún es limitada. Para lograr el manejo adecuado de sus poblaciones y sus hábitats, es necesario realizar estudios sobre la la biología y ecología de la especie, que a corto, mediano y largo plazo proveerán bases de información sólidas para la conservación de esta especie icónica de la zona andina colombiana y suramericana. A continuación, se describen las principales características morfológicas y ecológicas de esta especie icónica para los Andes tropicales y las principales presiones que han llevado a la disminución de sus poblaciones a lo largo de su distribución natural.
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Papers by Mauricio Vela
including Colombia. However, is one of the less studied carnivore species in Colombia, with scarce information regarding distribution, ecology and conservation status.
Methods: We compiled all records and observations available for the species in the Caribbean region of Colombia.
Additionally, through field work held throughout the region, we present new confirmed records for the species.
Results: We obtained a total of 78 records, distributed in seven of the eight departments of the Caribbean Region
of Colombia; of these, 54 records are new for the region and are located in five departments. The new records expand
the known distribution of the species in 162 km to the South and 36,500 km2 in extent from its previously estimated
distribution, also confirming its presence in three departments for the first time.. Discussion and conclusions: Our results extend the knowledge of the species for the Caribbean region of Colombia by providing new records and data on distribution and extending its known range. These results also highlight the need for further study of the species regarding most aspects of its natural history.
including Colombia. However, is one of the less studied carnivore species in Colombia, with scarce information regarding distribution, ecology and conservation status.
Methods: We compiled all records and observations available for the species in the Caribbean region of Colombia.
Additionally, through field work held throughout the region, we present new confirmed records for the species.
Results: We obtained a total of 78 records, distributed in seven of the eight departments of the Caribbean Region
of Colombia; of these, 54 records are new for the region and are located in five departments. The new records expand
the known distribution of the species in 162 km to the South and 36,500 km2 in extent from its previously estimated
distribution, also confirming its presence in three departments for the first time.. Discussion and conclusions: Our results extend the knowledge of the species for the Caribbean region of Colombia by providing new records and data on distribution and extending its known range. These results also highlight the need for further study of the species regarding most aspects of its natural history.
exaltados como personajes míticos de gran fuerza,
sabiduría y ternura. En la actualidad, de acuerdo
con Leite Pitman et al. (2008), existen ocho especies
de osos en el mundo, distribuidas en Europa,
Asia y América, ocupando un amplio rango de hábitats,
desde las zonas árticas hasta las selvas húmedas
tropicales.