Background Three quarters of deaths on Thai roads are among males, making masculinity a risk fact... more Background Three quarters of deaths on Thai roads are among males, making masculinity a risk factor in traffic injuries. This is associated with a higher exposure due to male-associated professions and gender roles such as drunk-driving and speeding. Age is relevant with young men 18 to 30 at a higher risk. Rural-urban and educational level disparities exist, where rural, less educated men are at a greater risk of road traffic injuries. Traffic injuries are the second leading cause of death for children in Thailand, especially motorcycle accidents while helmet use in pillion passengers is problematic. Women face greater risk of economic hardship if the sole income earner of the household is a male who suffers a road traffic accident. Methods A literature review was conducted on gender and equity (GE) and road safety topics addressing a) the global situation, b) the Thai context, and c) specific international examples of how GE is addressed and included 41 national and international documents. Results GE in road safety is not adequately considered by Thai institutions and limited data disaggregation and analysis exists. Data on behaviours, sometimes stratify data by inequity determinants such as age and socioeconomic situation, but consistently ignores gender when analyzed and presented. Where GE gaps were detected, there are few policies to address them. Conclusions Future disaggregation of data and an increase of the relevance given to its analysis, as well as advocacy and public awareness strategies, such GE elements in school road safety education, in the Thai context were suggested.
Education for Health: Change in Learning & Practice, 2002
As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova&... more As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova's health system has been dependent upon multispecialty and hospital care. The government has undertaken a planning process to develop a primary care-based system utilizing family physicians. Carelift International and Moldova State Medical and Pharmaceutical University joined together to design an educational program to help create a family medicine specialty in the country. Introductory concepts were incorporated into a workshop co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, Carelift International, UNICEF and Moldova Ministry of Health. Faculty teams participated in Carelift's 8-week US program, comprising a range of topics in family medicine: educational development at all levels, public health applications, health care organization, insurance, financing, and technology. Training also included 1 week in Finland, a fellowship in Lithuania, an in-country workshop on rural health, and a supplemental 5-week US immersion program. A Department of Family Medicine was established, and a residency program instituted. It has already been strengthened with a 2-week introduction to the specialty, and rotations in family practice centers. Continued improvements and updates are planned. Urban and rural model family practice centers serve concurrent purposes of teaching, demonstrating and health care. Carelift shipped equipment for the principal center and a department library, and is equipping a teaching family practice center near the university. The Society of Family Physicians of Moldova was founded. The introduction of family medicine as a discipline into the health system of Moldova could be a valuable model for other former Soviet republics.
Background Despite widespread cross-border migration of retirees, little is known about their hea... more Background Despite widespread cross-border migration of retirees, little is known about their healthcare seeking behavior in a destination country. This study explores factors related to the use of health services in Thailand by Japanese long-stay retirees. Methods A survey of Japanese long-stay retirees aged 50 and older was conducted in cooperation with nine Japanese self-help clubs in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Phuket. The dependent variable was receiving medical treatment in Thailand in the previous 12 months. People who did not receive treatment in Thailand were divided into two groups; those who had treatment only in Japan and those who did not have treatment anywhere. Independent variables included i) predisposing factors: age, sex, years lived in Thailand, ii) enabling factors: marital status, adjusted annual household income, and iii) need factors: existence of chronic diseases, and health related Quality of Life. Results Of 226 eligible participants, 106 persons ...
As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova's health system has been dependent upon multispe... more As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova's health system has been dependent upon multispecialty and hospital care. The government has undertaken a planning process to develop a primary care-based system utilizing family physicians. Carelift International and Moldova State Medical and Pharmaceutical University joined together to design an educational program to help create a family medicine specialty in the country. Introductory concepts were incorporated into a workshop co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, Carelift International, UNICEF and Moldova Ministry of Health. Faculty teams participated in Carelift's 8-week US program, comprising a range of topics in family medicine: educational development at all levels, public health applications, health care organization, insurance, financing, and technology. Training also included 1 week in Finland, a fellowship in Lithuania, an in-country workshop on rural health, and a supplemental 5-week US immersion program. A D...
Background Three quarters of deaths on Thai roads are among males, making masculinity a risk fact... more Background Three quarters of deaths on Thai roads are among males, making masculinity a risk factor in traffic injuries. This is associated with a higher exposure due to male-associated professions and gender roles such as drunk-driving and speeding. Age is relevant with young men 18 to 30 at a higher risk. Rural-urban and educational level disparities exist, where rural, less educated men are at a greater risk of road traffic injuries. Traffic injuries are the second leading cause of death for children in Thailand, especially motorcycle accidents while helmet use in pillion passengers is problematic. Women face greater risk of economic hardship if the sole income earner of the household is a male who suffers a road traffic accident. Methods A literature review was conducted on gender and equity (GE) and road safety topics addressing a) the global situation, b) the Thai context, and c) specific international examples of how GE is addressed and included 41 national and international documents. Results GE in road safety is not adequately considered by Thai institutions and limited data disaggregation and analysis exists. Data on behaviours, sometimes stratify data by inequity determinants such as age and socioeconomic situation, but consistently ignores gender when analyzed and presented. Where GE gaps were detected, there are few policies to address them. Conclusions Future disaggregation of data and an increase of the relevance given to its analysis, as well as advocacy and public awareness strategies, such GE elements in school road safety education, in the Thai context were suggested.
Education for Health: Change in Learning & Practice, 2002
As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova&... more As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova's health system has been dependent upon multispecialty and hospital care. The government has undertaken a planning process to develop a primary care-based system utilizing family physicians. Carelift International and Moldova State Medical and Pharmaceutical University joined together to design an educational program to help create a family medicine specialty in the country. Introductory concepts were incorporated into a workshop co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, Carelift International, UNICEF and Moldova Ministry of Health. Faculty teams participated in Carelift's 8-week US program, comprising a range of topics in family medicine: educational development at all levels, public health applications, health care organization, insurance, financing, and technology. Training also included 1 week in Finland, a fellowship in Lithuania, an in-country workshop on rural health, and a supplemental 5-week US immersion program. A Department of Family Medicine was established, and a residency program instituted. It has already been strengthened with a 2-week introduction to the specialty, and rotations in family practice centers. Continued improvements and updates are planned. Urban and rural model family practice centers serve concurrent purposes of teaching, demonstrating and health care. Carelift shipped equipment for the principal center and a department library, and is equipping a teaching family practice center near the university. The Society of Family Physicians of Moldova was founded. The introduction of family medicine as a discipline into the health system of Moldova could be a valuable model for other former Soviet republics.
Background Despite widespread cross-border migration of retirees, little is known about their hea... more Background Despite widespread cross-border migration of retirees, little is known about their healthcare seeking behavior in a destination country. This study explores factors related to the use of health services in Thailand by Japanese long-stay retirees. Methods A survey of Japanese long-stay retirees aged 50 and older was conducted in cooperation with nine Japanese self-help clubs in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Phuket. The dependent variable was receiving medical treatment in Thailand in the previous 12 months. People who did not receive treatment in Thailand were divided into two groups; those who had treatment only in Japan and those who did not have treatment anywhere. Independent variables included i) predisposing factors: age, sex, years lived in Thailand, ii) enabling factors: marital status, adjusted annual household income, and iii) need factors: existence of chronic diseases, and health related Quality of Life. Results Of 226 eligible participants, 106 persons ...
As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova's health system has been dependent upon multispe... more As in other former Soviet republics, Moldova's health system has been dependent upon multispecialty and hospital care. The government has undertaken a planning process to develop a primary care-based system utilizing family physicians. Carelift International and Moldova State Medical and Pharmaceutical University joined together to design an educational program to help create a family medicine specialty in the country. Introductory concepts were incorporated into a workshop co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, Carelift International, UNICEF and Moldova Ministry of Health. Faculty teams participated in Carelift's 8-week US program, comprising a range of topics in family medicine: educational development at all levels, public health applications, health care organization, insurance, financing, and technology. Training also included 1 week in Finland, a fellowship in Lithuania, an in-country workshop on rural health, and a supplemental 5-week US immersion program. A D...
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