T e r b a r u , K r i t i k5P i l a r P a r a me t e r K e s e j a h t e r a a n5 T a h u nT e r ... more T e r b a r u , K r i t i k5P i l a r P a r a me t e r K e s e j a h t e r a a n5 T a h u nT e r a k h i r O l e hF e n i aA u r u l l y. A. B e r b i c a r ame n g e n a i k e b a n g s a a nt e n t ut i d a kl e p a sd a r i y a n gn a ma n y a y u r i s d i k s in e g a r a ,me n g i n g a tn e g a r ak i t ame r u p a k a nn e g a r ah u k u m,p a s t i s e mu a n y at e r mu a t d i d a l a m k o n s t i t u s i , t i d a kt e r k e c u a l i h a kd a nk e wa j i b a nk i t a s e b a g a i wa r g an e g a r a. A p a b i l ak i t al i h a t d a r i t u j u a nn e g a r aI n d o n e s i as e n d i r i y a n g t e r ma k t u b d a l a m a l i n e a k e e mp a t p e mb u k a a n U n d a n g-u n d a n g s e b a g a i ma n ab e r b u n y i "Me l i n d u n g i s e g e n a pb a n g s aI n d o n e s i ad a ns e l u r u h t u mp a h d a r a h I n d o n e s i a , t u mp a h d a r a h I n d o n e s i a d a n u n t u k me ma j u k a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n u mu m, me n c e r d a s k a n k e h i d u p a n b a n g s a , d a n i k u t me l a k s a n a k a nk e t e r t i b a nd u n i a " .Me ma n gp a t u td i a p r e s i a s ip e r k e mb a n g a n n e g a r ak i t aj i k ad i b a n d i n g k a nd e n g a nk o n d i s i s e b e l u m-s e b e l u mn y a. Me s k i p u n p a d a f a k t a n y a I n d o n e s i a ma s i h j a u h t e r t i n g g a l d a r i n e g a r an e g a r a b e r k e mb a n gl a i n y a. Ha l i t ud a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i b e r b a g a i a s p e kb a i ka s p e ks e g i p o l i t i k , e k o n o mi ma u p u ns o s i a l. Na mu nd i s a mp i n gi t up e r l ud i p e r h a t i k a nj u g a t i n g k a tk e s e j a h t e r a a n s a l a h s a t u u n s u rn e g a r a ,y a i t u p e n d u d u k .K e t i k a k e wa j i b a n d a n h a k b e r a d a d a l a m s a t u j a l u r ,a r t i n y a k e d u a n y a s a l i n g b e r k e s i n a mb u n g a n(We l f a r eo fC i t i z e n)k e s e j a h t e r a a nr a k y a ta k a nt e r wu j u d. Y a n gd i ma k s u ds e j a h t e r ad a l a m h a l i n i t i d a kh a n y ak o n d i s i ma n u s i ad i ma n a o r a n go r a n g n y a d a l a m k e a d a a n s e h a td a n d a ma i ,me l a i n k a n j u g a wa r g a n e g a r ay a n gme r d e k ad a nt e r l e p a sd a r i s e g a l ama c a m g a n g g u a n. B a h k a n d a l a m k o n s t i t u s is e n d i r id i a t u rt e r k a i th a k a s a s ima n u s i a t e p a t n y ap a d aB a bX A t e n t a n gHa kA s a s iMa n u s i ay a n ga r t i n y ah a k-h a k s e t i a pwa r g an e g a r at e l a hd i j a mi no l e hn e g a r ap u l a. t i d a kb e r h e n t is a mp a i d i s i t u , k e wa j i b a nme r u p a k a nj e mb a t a nme mp e r o l e hh a k-h a k. L a l ub a g a i ma n a k o r e l a s ia n t a rk e d u a n y a , y a n gj e l a ss a l i n gb e r k a i t a n , s e c a r as e d e r h a n a n y a d a p a td i a n a l o g i k a n s e p e r t is e s e o r a n g y a n g h e n d a k n a i k k e r e t a s e b e l u m me n d a p a t k a nh a kb e r u p af a s i l i t a st e n t ut e r l e b i hd a h u l ub e r k e wa j i b a nu n t u k me mb a y a r t i k e t ma s u k. B e g i t u j u g a i mp l e me n t a s i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n b e r b a n g s ad a nb e r n e g a r a .S e s u a iy a n gt e r ma k t u bd a l a m U n d a n g-u n d a n g No mo r3 9T a h u n1 9 9 9t e n t a n gHa kA s a s i Ma n u s i ab a h wa s a n y ah a ka s a s i ma n u s i a me r u p a k a n k e b e b a s a n d a s a r ,y a n g d a l a m h a li n id i ma k s u d k a n a d a l a hh a kh i d u p. i t ub e r a r t i j i k ah a kh i d u ps a j ad i l i n d u n g i o l e hn e g a r ama k a h a k-h a ky a n gt e r k a n d u n gd i d a l a mn y as e c a r ao t o ma t i ss a n g a t d i j u n j u n gt i n g g i. B e g i t uj u g ad e n g a nk e wa j i b a nt i a p-t i a pwa r g an e g a r ay a n gt e l a hd i a t u r d a l a m
Ma t e r i : 1 1 F. P r o p a g a s i 1 .E v a l u a s i D i r i 1) .J e l a s k a nt i p e-t i p... more Ma t e r i : 1 1 F. P r o p a g a s i 1 .E v a l u a s i D i r i 1) .J e l a s k a nt i p e-t i p en e g a r ame n u r u t s e j a r a hp e r t u mb u h a n n y a ! J a wa b: T i p eNe g a r ad a p a t d i b a g i s e s u a i d e n g a nc i r i-c i r i p o k o ky a n gd o mi n a n d a r is u a t u n e g a r a d a l a m s e j a r a h p e r k e mb a n g a n Ne g a r a .T i p eNe g a r a i t u a n t a r al a i ns e b a g a i b e r i k u t : A. T i p eNe g a r aT i mu r K u n o C i r i p o k o kNe g a r an e g a r at i mu rk u n oy a i t uNe g a r ay a n gd i d a s a r k a na t a s s u a t up a h a m k e a g a ma a n .J i k ad i l i h a td a r is u d u tk e k u a s a a nma k aNe g a r a t i mu r k u n oa d a l a ha b s o l u t e , y a i t up e me r i n t a h a no l e hr a j a-r a j ay a n gb e r k u a s a s e c a r as e we n a n g-we n a n g. T a p i d a l a m k e n y a t a a n y ar a j a-r a j aNe g a r at i mu r k u n oj u s t r ub e r t a n g g u n gj a wa b a t a ss e g a l ak e b u r u k a nd a nk e b a i k a nr a k y a t n y a , h a l i n i b e r b e d ad e n g a na j a r a n Ne g a r a b a r a td e n g a n i s t i l a h T h e K i n g c a n d o n o twr o n g .B e r d a s a r k a n p a n d a n g a n-p a n d a n g a n i n id a p a td i k a t a k a n b a h wac i r r ip o k o kd a r iNe g a r a t i mu r k u n oa d a l a ht h e o k r a s i d a na b s o l u t e. B .T i p eNe g a r aY u n a n i K u n o C i r iu t a ma Ne g a r a y u n a n ik u n o a d a l a h Ne g a r a k o t a d a n d e mo k r a s i l a n g s u n g. I n i b e r d a s a r k a np e mi k i r a np a r af i l s u fb a h wama n u s i aa d a l a hz o o n p o l i t i c o ns e h i n g g ame r e k ame r a s ab a h wat i d a ka d ag u n a n y aj i k at i d a kh i d u p b e r ma s y a r a k a t. T i d a kh a n y ai t ume r e k aj u g ame n g u t a ma k a ns t a t u sa c t i v u s y a i t u a k t i ft e r l i b a td a l a m u r u s a n p e me r i n t a h a n ,d e n g a n d e mi k i a n ma k a mu n c u l a hd e mo k r a s i l a n g s u n gd i y u n a n i. D e mo k r a s i l a n g s u n gd a p a tmu n c u l d i y u n a n i d i s e b a b k a nk a r e n a , Y u n a n i p a d awa k t ui t uma s i hme r u p a k a nNe g a r ak o t ad a nP e r s o a l a nd a l a m Ne g a r a b e l u m t e r l a l uk o mp l e k sd a ns e t i a pwa r g aNe g a r aa d a l a hmi n d e d .
Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J... more Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J u r u s a n: Hu k u m/ I l muHu k u m Ma t aK u l i a h: I l muNe g a r a D o s e n: D r. L u k ma nHa k i m, S. H. , M. H. Ma t e r i : 1 2 F. P r o p a g a s i 1. E v a l u a s i D i r i 1) .J e l a s k a nc i r i-c i r i n e g a r ah u k u m! J a wa b: C i r i-c i r i Ne g a r aHu k u m a n t a r al a i ns e b a g a i b e r i k u t : 1 .A d a n y ap e r l i n d u n g a nj u g ap e n g a k u a nt e r h a d a pHa kA s a s i Ma n u s i a P e n g a k u a nh a ka s a s i ma n u s i aa d a l a hme r u p a k a n u n s u r u t a mad a l a m c i r i-c i r i n e g a r ah u k u m s e c a r au mu m d i I n d o n e s i a. h a l i n i k a r e n ah a ka s a s i ma n u s i a a d a l a hh a ky a n gp a l i n gd a s a rd i ma n ap e l a n g g a r a nt e r h a d a p n y ah a r u sb i s a d i t i n d a kt e g a s. D i s i t u l a hh u k u m d i p e r l u k a n , s e b a g a i a l a tma u p u n p e d o ma n d a l a m u s a h ap e n e g a k a n , p e r l i n d u n g a n , d a np e n g a k u a nt e r h a d a ph a ka s a s i ma n u s i a 2 .A d as i s t e m k e t a t a n e g a r a a n S i s t e m k e t a t a n e g a r a a na d a l a hs e b u a hs i s t e m k e l e mb a g a a ny a n gme n g a t u r u r u s a n-u r u s a nk e n e g a r a a n. D i I n d o n e s i a , k i t ame n g e n a l b e b e r a p al e mb a g a t i n g g i n e g a r as e p e r t i Ma j e l i sP e r mu s y a wa r a h a nR a h k y a t , D e wa nP e r wa k i l a n R a k y a t , D e wa nP e r wa k i l a nD a e r a h , Ma h k a ma hA g u n g , Ma h k a ma hK o n s t i t u s i , K o mi s i Y u d i s i a l , d a nl e mb a g ak e p r e s i d e n a n. S e t i a pl e mb a g at e r s e b u t me mi l i k i t u g a sd a n we we n a n g ma s i n g-ma s i n g u n t u kme l a k s a n a k a n t u g a sy a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n s i s t e m k e t a t a n e g a r a a n. S e b a g a i c o n t o h C o n t o h K e k u a s a a nK o n s t i t u t i f d a l a m MP R u n t u kme r u b a hd a nme mu t u s k a nu n d a n g-u n d a n g , T u g a s , F u n g s i , d a nWe we n a n gD P R u n t u kme n g u s u l k a nu n d a n g-u n d a n g ,s e r t a We we n a n g Ma h k a ma h K o n s t i t u s iMe n u r u tU U D 1 9 4 5 u n t u k me n g a t u r p e r s e l i s i h a ny a n gt e r j a d i k a r e n ap e mi l i h a nu mu m, d a nl a i ns e b a g a i n y a. 3 .Me mi l i k i s i s t e m p e r a d i l a ny a n gb e b a ss e r t at i d a kme mi h a k P e r a d i l a nd a l a m n e g a r ah u k u m h a r u s l a hb e b a sd a nt i d a kb i a sa t a ut i d a k me mi h a k. P e r a d i l a nd i s i n i a d a l a ht e r ma s u kh a k i m, j a k s a , p e t u g a sa d mi n i s t r a s i p e n g a d i l a n , d a nt e n t us a j ah u k u m y a n gd i t e t a p k a n. A k a nt e t a p i , a k h i r-a k h i r
" A p a k a hP a n c a s i l aMa s i hB e r a r t i B a g i p a r aT i k u sB e r d a s i ? " T e... more " A p a k a hP a n c a s i l aMa s i hB e r a r t i B a g i p a r aT i k u sB e r d a s i ? " T e p a t p a d at a n g g a l 9D e s e mb e r 2 0 1 8me r u p a k a nHa r i A n t i K o r u p s i I n t e r n a s i o n a l a t a ul e b i h d i k e n a l d e n g a nHA K I. B e r b i c a r ame n g e n a i k o r u p s i t e n t us u d a ht i d a ka s i n gl a g i b a g i ma s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a. A p a l a g i I n d o n e s i at e r ma s u kk e d a l a m j a j a r a n1 3Ne g a r ap a l i n gk o r u pd i D u n i a. K o r u p s i i t us e n d i r i me mp u n y a i b a n y a kd e f i n i s i d a r i p a r aa h l i , n a mu ns e c a r as e d e r h a n ak o r u p s i me mi l i k i p e n g e r t i a nP e n y a l a h g u n a a nj a b a t a nr e s mi u n t u kk e u n t u n g a np r i b a d. D a r i p e r n y a t a a n t e r s e b u t s e c a r aj e l a sb a h wat i n d a k a nk o r u p s i t e l a hme l a k u k a nt i n d a k a nme l a wa nh u k u m. A d a n y at i n d a k a nk o r u p s i p a s t i n y at e r d a p a t k o n d i s i y a n gme n d u k u n gp e r b u a t a nt e r s e b u t , d i a n t a r a n y ak u r a n g n y at r a n s p a r a n s i d i p e n g a mb i l a nk e p u t u s a np e me r i n t a h , l e ma h n y a k e t e r t i b a nh u k u m d a np r o y e ky a n gme l i b a t k a nu a n gr a k y a t d a l a m j u ml a hb e s a r. J e n i st i n d a k a n k o r u p s i b e r b e d a-b e d ama c a mn y a , s a l a hs a t u n y aa d a l a hme mb e r i a t a ume n e r i mah a d i a ha t a u j a n j i (p e n y u a p a n). P e n y u a p a nme r u p a k a ns a l a hs a t ut i n d a kk o r u p s i y a n gs u l i t d i b u k t i k a nk e c u a l i d e n g a nO T T. D i p e n g h u j u n gt a h u n2 0 1 8p u b l i kd i g e g e r k a nd e n g a na d a n y a4 1a n g g o t aD P R D y a n gme n j a d i s a n t a p a nK P K. K a s u sk o r u p s i b e r j a ma a hs e p e r t i i n i s e b e n a r n y ab u k a ns u a t u h a l a ma ny a n gb a r ud i Ne g e r i i n i , T a h u n-t a h u ns e b e l u mn y ak a s u ss e r u p at e r j a d i d i J a mb i d i ma n a G u b e r n u r n o na k t i f Z u mi Z o l ame n y u a p5 3a n g g o t aD P R Ds e n i l a i 1 6 , 5Mi l y a r. S e l a i ni t u3 8 A n g g o t aD P R Dme n e r i mas u a pd a r i G u b e r n u r n o na k t i f S u ma t r aU t a r aG a t o t P u j oNu g r o h o. T e n t ui r o n i sb u k a n , f e n o me n as e p e r t i i n i h a mp i r t e r j a d i d i s e mu ad a e r a h. B e r d a s a r k a nl a p o r a na k h i r t a h u no l e hMa l a n gC o r u p p t i o nWa t c h(MC W) Me n y a t a k a nb a h wa p e n a n g k a p a n4 1A n g g o t aD P R Dk o t aMa l a n gme r u p a k a nk a s u ss u a pR a p e r d aA P B Dt a h u n2 0 1 5 d a r i wa l i k o t aMa l a n gn o na k t i f Mo h. A n t o nd e n g a nk i s a r a n1 2 , 5-5 0j u t a. T e l a hk i t ak e t a h u i b e r s a mab a h waA P B Di a l a hr e n c a n ak e u a n g a nt a h u n a np e me r i n t a hd a e r a hd i s e t u j u i o l e hD P R D. Na mu np e n g e l o l a a n y as e r i n g k a l i d i s a l a h g u n a k a nd a l a m p r a k t i k n y a , d a r i s i n i d a p a t d i t a r i k k e s i mp u l a nb a h waA P B Dd e n g a nD P R Dme mp u n y a i h u b u n g a ny a n gs a n g a t e r a t d i ma n aD P R D me mp u n y a i t i g af u n g s i u t a may a i t uP e n g a wa s a n(Mo n i t o r i n g) , A n g g a r a n(B u d g e t i n g) d a n L e g i s l a s i. K e t i g af u n g s i t e r s e b u t a p a b i l ad i s e l e we n g k a na k a nme l a h i r k a nt i n d a k a ns u a p. S a ma h a l n y ad e n g a nk o n s e k u e n s i y a n gp a s t i t e r j a d i a p a b i l ama n a k a l ame k a n i s meA P B Dt i d a k d i j a l a n k a ns e c a r ama k s i ma l a k a nmu n c u l b e r b a g a i p e r s o a l a ny a n gc e n d e r u n gme n g a r a hp a d a p e r b u a t a nk o r u p s i. S e c a r ak u a n t i t a t i f d a n aA P B Dc u k u pb e s a r me ma n g , j a d i s a n g a t l a hwa j a r a p a b i l ab a n y a kp i h a kme n j a d i k a nA P B Ds e b a g a i B a n c a k a nu n t u kd i n i k ma t i b e r s a ma. D a r i p e r i s t i wai n i me n i mb u l k a nd a mp a kn e g a t i f y a n gb e g i t ub e s a r d i ma s y a r a k a t y a i t us e ma k i n me n u r u n n y at i n g k a t k e p e r c a y a a nma s y a r a k a t t e r h a d a pp e me r i n t a h. D i s i s i l a i nK o r u p s i me n u n j u k k a nt a n t a n g a ns e r i u st e r h a d a pp e mb a n g u n a ns e r a t me mp e r s u l i t l e g i t i ma s i p e me r i n t a h a nd a nn i l a i d e mo k r a s i. K o r u p s i me r u p a k a ns a l a hs a t uma s a l a hb e s a r y a n gp e r l ud i h a d a p i o l e hn e g a r aI n d o n e s i a. K o r u p s i t e l a hme r u g i k a nb a n g s ad a nn e g a r a , b a h k a nd i a n g g a ps e b a g a i s u a t uk e j a h a t a nl u a r b i a s a(E x t r aO r d i n a r yC r i me) .
Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J... more Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J u r u s a n: Hu k u m/ I l muHu k u m Ma t aK u l i a h: I l muNe g a r a D o s e n: D r. L u k ma nHa k i m, S. H. , M. H. Ma t e r i : 0 8 E. P r o p a g a s i 1 .E v a l u a s i D i r i 1 .J e l a s k a na p ac i r i n e g a r ak e s a t u a n ! J a wa b: B e r i k u t i n i c i r i-c i r i n e g a r ak e s a t u a n. 1) Ha n y at e r d a p a t ma s i n g-ma s i n gs a t uu n d a n g-u n d a n gd a s a r , k e p a l a n e g a r a , d e wa np e r wa k i l a nr a k y a t , d a nd e wa nme n t e r i. 2) K e d a u l a t a nn e g a r ame l i p u t i k e d a u l a t a nk ed a l a m d a nk e d a u l a t a nk el u a r y a n gd i t a n d a t a n g a n i o l e hp e me r i n t a hp u s a t. 3) Ha n y ame mi l i k i s a t uk e b i j a k a nme n g e n a i ma s a l a he k o n o mi , s o s i a l , p o l i t i k , e k o n o mi , b u d a y a , p e r t a h a n a n , d a nk e a ma n a n. 4) Ne g a r ak e s a t u a nd a p a t d i b e d a k a nme n j a d i d u ama c a m s i s t e m, y a i t u S e n t r a l i s a s i , d a nD e s e n t r a l i s a s i. Y a n gt e r ma s u kn e g a r ak e s a t u a nc o n t o h n y aI n d o n e s i a , I t a l i a , J e p a n g , B e l a n d a , d a nF i l i p i n a. 2 .J e l a s k a na p ac i r i n e g a r as e r i k a t ! J a wa b: B e r i k u t i n i c i r i-c i r i n e g a r as e i k a t 1)T i a pn e g a r ab a g i a nme mi l i k i k e p a l an e g a r a , p a r l e me n , d e wa nme n t e r i (k a b i n e t) d e mi k e p e n t i n g a nn e g a r ab a g i a n ; 2)T i a pn e g a r ab a g i a nb o l e hme mb u a t k o n s t i t u s i s e n d i r i , t e t a p i t i d a kb o l e h b e r t e n t a n g a nd e n g a nk o n s t i t u s i n e g a r as e r i k a t ; 3)Hu b u n g a na n t a r ap e me r i n t a hf e d e r a l (p u s a t) d e n g a nr a k y a t d i a t u r me l a l u i n e g a r ab a g i a n , k e c u a l i d a l a m h a l t e r t e n t uy a n gk e we n a n g a n n y a t e l a hd i s e r a h k a ns e c a r al a n g s u n gk e p a d ap e me r i n t a hf e d e r a l. 3 .A p ap e r b e d a a nd a r i n e g a r as e r i k a t d a nd e s e n t r a l i s a s i d a l a m n e g a r a k e s a t u a n ? J a wa b: B e r i k u t b e b e r a p ap e r b e d a a nme n d a s a r a n t a r aNe g a r aS e r i k a t d a n Ne g a r aK e s a t u a n 1)Ha ko t o n o m Ne g a r ab a g i a ns a n g a t l u a sb a h k a nb i s ab e r t i n d a ks e b a g a i Ne g a r a. S e me n t a r ap a d aNe g a r ak e s a t u a n(d e s e n t r a l i s a s i) , h a ko t o n o m d a e r a ht e r b a t a sd a nt i d a kb i s ab e r t i n d a ks e b a g a i Ne g a r a. 2)Ha ko t o n o mi d a l a m me n g a t u r d a e r a hma s i n g-ma s i n gp a d aNe g a r a k e s a t u a nd a t a n gd a r i p e me r i n t a hp u s a t. S e me n t a r ap a d aNe g a r ab a g i a n ,
Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M.: 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 1. E V A L U A S I ... more Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M.: 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 1. E V A L U A S I D I R I 1) j e l a s k a nt e n t a n gk e k u a s a a n ! 2) me n g a p ak e k u a s a a nd a p a t mu n c u l p a d as e s e o r a n g ! 3) a p ab e d a n y ak e k u a s a a nd a nk e d a u l a t a n ! 4) a p ag u n at e o r i p e mb e n a r a nn e g a r a ! 5) a p ai s i d a r i t e o r i p e mb e n a r a nn e g a r a ! 6) b a g a i ma n ap e r k e mb a n g a nt e o r i k e d a u l a t a nd i d u n i a ? 7) a p ad a s a r p e n e n t uk e d a u l a t a nd a l a m s u a t un e g r a ? J A WA B A N 1)k e k u a s a a n me r u p a k a n :k e we n a n g a n y a n g d i d a p a to l e h s e s e o r a n g a t a u k e l o mp o k g u n a u n t u k me n j a l a n k a n k e we n a n g a n t e r s e b u ts e s u a id e n g a n k e we n a n g a ny a n gd i b e r i k a n , k e we n a n g a ni t ut i d a kb o l e hd i j a l a n k a nme l e b i h i k e we n a n g a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h a t a u k e ma mp u a n s e s e o r a n g a t a u k e l o mp o k u n t u kme mp e n g a r u h i t i n g k a hl a k uo r a n ga t a uk e l o mp o kl a i n. 2)K a r e n as e t i a po r a n gme mi l i k i k e ma mp u a nu n t u kd a p a t me mp e n g a r u h i p i h a k l a i n u n t u k b e r p i k i r d a n b e r p r i l l a k u s e s u a i d e n g a n k e h e n d a k y a n g me me n g a r u h i n y a. 3)K e k u a s a a n: s e s u a t uy a n gme l i b a t k a ns u a t up i h a ky a n gd a p ame mp e n g a r u h i s e s e o r a n gu n t u kme n g i k u t i p e r i n t a h n y a. K e d a u l a t a n : s e s u a t u k e k u a s a a n t e r t i n g g id a l a m s u a t u n e g a r a mu t l a k me n g u r u s / me n g a t u r s e s u a t uy a n gb e r k a i t a nd e n g a nk e n e g a r a a n. 4)G u n ad a r it e o r ip e mb e n a r a na d a l a hs e b a g a id a s a rp e mb e n a rp e r i l a k un e g a r a (b e r a s a l d a r i t u h a n) y a n g d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i b e r b a g a i s e g i mi s a l n y a , s e g i k e a g a ma a n / k e t u h a n a n , s e g ik e k u a t a n (F i s i k , R o h a n id a n Ma t e r i) ,s e g iHu k u m (Hu k u m K e k e l u a r g a a n, Hu k u m K e b e n d a a n , Hu k u m P e r j a n j i a n). 5)T e o r id a r iP e mb e n a r a n n e g a r a b e r i s ip e r n y a t a a n t e n t a n g d a s a rp e mb e n a r a n p e r i l a k u n e g a r a y a n g b e r d a s a r k a n d u a s u mb e ry a i t u A l a s a n t u h a n d a n a l a s a n p e n g u a s a
G a mb a r k a nt a h a p a np e r k e mb a n g a nn e g a r a ! j e l a s k a np u l ak a r a k ... more G a mb a r k a nt a h a p a np e r k e mb a n g a nn e g a r a ! j e l a s k a np u l ak a r a k t e r i s t i kp e r e s e p s i t e n t a n gn e g a r ap a d aMa s y a r a k a t T r a d i s i o n a l (T r a d i t i o n a l S o c i e t yS t a g e) D i c i r i k a nd e n g a n : 1) k o n d i s i ma s y a r a k a t y a n gb e l u m p r o d u k t i f 2) c a r ab e r p r o d u k s i d a np o l ap e r e k o n o mi a ny a n gd i j a l a n k a nma s i ht r a d i s i o n a l 3) s i s t e m d a np o l ak e r j ay a n gt e l a ha d ama s i hb e r s i f a t t r a d i s i / t u r u nt e mu r u n 4) p e r e k o n o mi a nd i l a k u k a nu n t u kme me n u h i k e b u t u h a ns e n d i r i (b e l u m b e r o r i e n t a s i p a s a r) d a n 5) ma t ap e n c a h a r i a nma s y a r a k a t d i s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n. b. T a h a pP r a k o n d i s i L e p a sL a n d a s(P r e c o n d i t i o nf o r T a k eOf f S t a g e) D i c i r i k a nd e n g a n : 1) t e r j a d i p e r u b a h a np o l ak e r j ad a ns i s t e m d i s e g a l ab i d a n g , b a i ks o s i a l , e k o n o mi , b u d a y a , d a np o l i t i k n y a 2) s u d a hme n g e n a l d a nme n g g u n a k a nt e k n o l o g i u n t u kl e b i hp r o d u k t i f d a ne f i s i e n 3) s u d a hmu n c u l k e s a d a r a nme n a b u n gy a n gl e b i hp r o d u k t i f d i l e mb a g a-l e mb a g ak e u a n g a n s e r t a 4) k e g i a t a np e r e k o n o mi a nt e r u sb e r g e r a kk ea r a hk e ma j u a n. c. T a h a pL e p a sL a n d a s(T a k eOf f S t a g e) D i c i r i k a nd e n g a n :
Indikasi kemungkinan besar terjadinya Krisis Pendidikan akibat implementasi kebijakan pemerintah ... more Indikasi kemungkinan besar terjadinya Krisis Pendidikan akibat implementasi kebijakan pemerintah bidang pendidikan kurang merata
T e r b a r u , K r i t i k5P i l a r P a r a me t e r K e s e j a h t e r a a n5 T a h u nT e r ... more T e r b a r u , K r i t i k5P i l a r P a r a me t e r K e s e j a h t e r a a n5 T a h u nT e r a k h i r O l e hF e n i aA u r u l l y. A. B e r b i c a r ame n g e n a i k e b a n g s a a nt e n t ut i d a kl e p a sd a r i y a n gn a ma n y a y u r i s d i k s in e g a r a ,me n g i n g a tn e g a r ak i t ame r u p a k a nn e g a r ah u k u m,p a s t i s e mu a n y at e r mu a t d i d a l a m k o n s t i t u s i , t i d a kt e r k e c u a l i h a kd a nk e wa j i b a nk i t a s e b a g a i wa r g an e g a r a. A p a b i l ak i t al i h a t d a r i t u j u a nn e g a r aI n d o n e s i as e n d i r i y a n g t e r ma k t u b d a l a m a l i n e a k e e mp a t p e mb u k a a n U n d a n g-u n d a n g s e b a g a i ma n ab e r b u n y i "Me l i n d u n g i s e g e n a pb a n g s aI n d o n e s i ad a ns e l u r u h t u mp a h d a r a h I n d o n e s i a , t u mp a h d a r a h I n d o n e s i a d a n u n t u k me ma j u k a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n u mu m, me n c e r d a s k a n k e h i d u p a n b a n g s a , d a n i k u t me l a k s a n a k a nk e t e r t i b a nd u n i a " .Me ma n gp a t u td i a p r e s i a s ip e r k e mb a n g a n n e g a r ak i t aj i k ad i b a n d i n g k a nd e n g a nk o n d i s i s e b e l u m-s e b e l u mn y a. Me s k i p u n p a d a f a k t a n y a I n d o n e s i a ma s i h j a u h t e r t i n g g a l d a r i n e g a r an e g a r a b e r k e mb a n gl a i n y a. Ha l i t ud a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i b e r b a g a i a s p e kb a i ka s p e ks e g i p o l i t i k , e k o n o mi ma u p u ns o s i a l. Na mu nd i s a mp i n gi t up e r l ud i p e r h a t i k a nj u g a t i n g k a tk e s e j a h t e r a a n s a l a h s a t u u n s u rn e g a r a ,y a i t u p e n d u d u k .K e t i k a k e wa j i b a n d a n h a k b e r a d a d a l a m s a t u j a l u r ,a r t i n y a k e d u a n y a s a l i n g b e r k e s i n a mb u n g a n(We l f a r eo fC i t i z e n)k e s e j a h t e r a a nr a k y a ta k a nt e r wu j u d. Y a n gd i ma k s u ds e j a h t e r ad a l a m h a l i n i t i d a kh a n y ak o n d i s i ma n u s i ad i ma n a o r a n go r a n g n y a d a l a m k e a d a a n s e h a td a n d a ma i ,me l a i n k a n j u g a wa r g a n e g a r ay a n gme r d e k ad a nt e r l e p a sd a r i s e g a l ama c a m g a n g g u a n. B a h k a n d a l a m k o n s t i t u s is e n d i r id i a t u rt e r k a i th a k a s a s ima n u s i a t e p a t n y ap a d aB a bX A t e n t a n gHa kA s a s iMa n u s i ay a n ga r t i n y ah a k-h a k s e t i a pwa r g an e g a r at e l a hd i j a mi no l e hn e g a r ap u l a. t i d a kb e r h e n t is a mp a i d i s i t u , k e wa j i b a nme r u p a k a nj e mb a t a nme mp e r o l e hh a k-h a k. L a l ub a g a i ma n a k o r e l a s ia n t a rk e d u a n y a , y a n gj e l a ss a l i n gb e r k a i t a n , s e c a r as e d e r h a n a n y a d a p a td i a n a l o g i k a n s e p e r t is e s e o r a n g y a n g h e n d a k n a i k k e r e t a s e b e l u m me n d a p a t k a nh a kb e r u p af a s i l i t a st e n t ut e r l e b i hd a h u l ub e r k e wa j i b a nu n t u k me mb a y a r t i k e t ma s u k. B e g i t u j u g a i mp l e me n t a s i d a l a m k e h i d u p a n b e r b a n g s ad a nb e r n e g a r a .S e s u a iy a n gt e r ma k t u bd a l a m U n d a n g-u n d a n g No mo r3 9T a h u n1 9 9 9t e n t a n gHa kA s a s i Ma n u s i ab a h wa s a n y ah a ka s a s i ma n u s i a me r u p a k a n k e b e b a s a n d a s a r ,y a n g d a l a m h a li n id i ma k s u d k a n a d a l a hh a kh i d u p. i t ub e r a r t i j i k ah a kh i d u ps a j ad i l i n d u n g i o l e hn e g a r ama k a h a k-h a ky a n gt e r k a n d u n gd i d a l a mn y as e c a r ao t o ma t i ss a n g a t d i j u n j u n gt i n g g i. B e g i t uj u g ad e n g a nk e wa j i b a nt i a p-t i a pwa r g an e g a r ay a n gt e l a hd i a t u r d a l a m
Ma t e r i : 1 1 F. P r o p a g a s i 1 .E v a l u a s i D i r i 1) .J e l a s k a nt i p e-t i p... more Ma t e r i : 1 1 F. P r o p a g a s i 1 .E v a l u a s i D i r i 1) .J e l a s k a nt i p e-t i p en e g a r ame n u r u t s e j a r a hp e r t u mb u h a n n y a ! J a wa b: T i p eNe g a r ad a p a t d i b a g i s e s u a i d e n g a nc i r i-c i r i p o k o ky a n gd o mi n a n d a r is u a t u n e g a r a d a l a m s e j a r a h p e r k e mb a n g a n Ne g a r a .T i p eNe g a r a i t u a n t a r al a i ns e b a g a i b e r i k u t : A. T i p eNe g a r aT i mu r K u n o C i r i p o k o kNe g a r an e g a r at i mu rk u n oy a i t uNe g a r ay a n gd i d a s a r k a na t a s s u a t up a h a m k e a g a ma a n .J i k ad i l i h a td a r is u d u tk e k u a s a a nma k aNe g a r a t i mu r k u n oa d a l a ha b s o l u t e , y a i t up e me r i n t a h a no l e hr a j a-r a j ay a n gb e r k u a s a s e c a r as e we n a n g-we n a n g. T a p i d a l a m k e n y a t a a n y ar a j a-r a j aNe g a r at i mu r k u n oj u s t r ub e r t a n g g u n gj a wa b a t a ss e g a l ak e b u r u k a nd a nk e b a i k a nr a k y a t n y a , h a l i n i b e r b e d ad e n g a na j a r a n Ne g a r a b a r a td e n g a n i s t i l a h T h e K i n g c a n d o n o twr o n g .B e r d a s a r k a n p a n d a n g a n-p a n d a n g a n i n id a p a td i k a t a k a n b a h wac i r r ip o k o kd a r iNe g a r a t i mu r k u n oa d a l a ht h e o k r a s i d a na b s o l u t e. B .T i p eNe g a r aY u n a n i K u n o C i r iu t a ma Ne g a r a y u n a n ik u n o a d a l a h Ne g a r a k o t a d a n d e mo k r a s i l a n g s u n g. I n i b e r d a s a r k a np e mi k i r a np a r af i l s u fb a h wama n u s i aa d a l a hz o o n p o l i t i c o ns e h i n g g ame r e k ame r a s ab a h wat i d a ka d ag u n a n y aj i k at i d a kh i d u p b e r ma s y a r a k a t. T i d a kh a n y ai t ume r e k aj u g ame n g u t a ma k a ns t a t u sa c t i v u s y a i t u a k t i ft e r l i b a td a l a m u r u s a n p e me r i n t a h a n ,d e n g a n d e mi k i a n ma k a mu n c u l a hd e mo k r a s i l a n g s u n gd i y u n a n i. D e mo k r a s i l a n g s u n gd a p a tmu n c u l d i y u n a n i d i s e b a b k a nk a r e n a , Y u n a n i p a d awa k t ui t uma s i hme r u p a k a nNe g a r ak o t ad a nP e r s o a l a nd a l a m Ne g a r a b e l u m t e r l a l uk o mp l e k sd a ns e t i a pwa r g aNe g a r aa d a l a hmi n d e d .
Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J... more Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J u r u s a n: Hu k u m/ I l muHu k u m Ma t aK u l i a h: I l muNe g a r a D o s e n: D r. L u k ma nHa k i m, S. H. , M. H. Ma t e r i : 1 2 F. P r o p a g a s i 1. E v a l u a s i D i r i 1) .J e l a s k a nc i r i-c i r i n e g a r ah u k u m! J a wa b: C i r i-c i r i Ne g a r aHu k u m a n t a r al a i ns e b a g a i b e r i k u t : 1 .A d a n y ap e r l i n d u n g a nj u g ap e n g a k u a nt e r h a d a pHa kA s a s i Ma n u s i a P e n g a k u a nh a ka s a s i ma n u s i aa d a l a hme r u p a k a n u n s u r u t a mad a l a m c i r i-c i r i n e g a r ah u k u m s e c a r au mu m d i I n d o n e s i a. h a l i n i k a r e n ah a ka s a s i ma n u s i a a d a l a hh a ky a n gp a l i n gd a s a rd i ma n ap e l a n g g a r a nt e r h a d a p n y ah a r u sb i s a d i t i n d a kt e g a s. D i s i t u l a hh u k u m d i p e r l u k a n , s e b a g a i a l a tma u p u n p e d o ma n d a l a m u s a h ap e n e g a k a n , p e r l i n d u n g a n , d a np e n g a k u a nt e r h a d a ph a ka s a s i ma n u s i a 2 .A d as i s t e m k e t a t a n e g a r a a n S i s t e m k e t a t a n e g a r a a na d a l a hs e b u a hs i s t e m k e l e mb a g a a ny a n gme n g a t u r u r u s a n-u r u s a nk e n e g a r a a n. D i I n d o n e s i a , k i t ame n g e n a l b e b e r a p al e mb a g a t i n g g i n e g a r as e p e r t i Ma j e l i sP e r mu s y a wa r a h a nR a h k y a t , D e wa nP e r wa k i l a n R a k y a t , D e wa nP e r wa k i l a nD a e r a h , Ma h k a ma hA g u n g , Ma h k a ma hK o n s t i t u s i , K o mi s i Y u d i s i a l , d a nl e mb a g ak e p r e s i d e n a n. S e t i a pl e mb a g at e r s e b u t me mi l i k i t u g a sd a n we we n a n g ma s i n g-ma s i n g u n t u kme l a k s a n a k a n t u g a sy a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n s i s t e m k e t a t a n e g a r a a n. S e b a g a i c o n t o h C o n t o h K e k u a s a a nK o n s t i t u t i f d a l a m MP R u n t u kme r u b a hd a nme mu t u s k a nu n d a n g-u n d a n g , T u g a s , F u n g s i , d a nWe we n a n gD P R u n t u kme n g u s u l k a nu n d a n g-u n d a n g ,s e r t a We we n a n g Ma h k a ma h K o n s t i t u s iMe n u r u tU U D 1 9 4 5 u n t u k me n g a t u r p e r s e l i s i h a ny a n gt e r j a d i k a r e n ap e mi l i h a nu mu m, d a nl a i ns e b a g a i n y a. 3 .Me mi l i k i s i s t e m p e r a d i l a ny a n gb e b a ss e r t at i d a kme mi h a k P e r a d i l a nd a l a m n e g a r ah u k u m h a r u s l a hb e b a sd a nt i d a kb i a sa t a ut i d a k me mi h a k. P e r a d i l a nd i s i n i a d a l a ht e r ma s u kh a k i m, j a k s a , p e t u g a sa d mi n i s t r a s i p e n g a d i l a n , d a nt e n t us a j ah u k u m y a n gd i t e t a p k a n. A k a nt e t a p i , a k h i r-a k h i r
" A p a k a hP a n c a s i l aMa s i hB e r a r t i B a g i p a r aT i k u sB e r d a s i ? " T e... more " A p a k a hP a n c a s i l aMa s i hB e r a r t i B a g i p a r aT i k u sB e r d a s i ? " T e p a t p a d at a n g g a l 9D e s e mb e r 2 0 1 8me r u p a k a nHa r i A n t i K o r u p s i I n t e r n a s i o n a l a t a ul e b i h d i k e n a l d e n g a nHA K I. B e r b i c a r ame n g e n a i k o r u p s i t e n t us u d a ht i d a ka s i n gl a g i b a g i ma s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a. A p a l a g i I n d o n e s i at e r ma s u kk e d a l a m j a j a r a n1 3Ne g a r ap a l i n gk o r u pd i D u n i a. K o r u p s i i t us e n d i r i me mp u n y a i b a n y a kd e f i n i s i d a r i p a r aa h l i , n a mu ns e c a r as e d e r h a n ak o r u p s i me mi l i k i p e n g e r t i a nP e n y a l a h g u n a a nj a b a t a nr e s mi u n t u kk e u n t u n g a np r i b a d. D a r i p e r n y a t a a n t e r s e b u t s e c a r aj e l a sb a h wat i n d a k a nk o r u p s i t e l a hme l a k u k a nt i n d a k a nme l a wa nh u k u m. A d a n y at i n d a k a nk o r u p s i p a s t i n y at e r d a p a t k o n d i s i y a n gme n d u k u n gp e r b u a t a nt e r s e b u t , d i a n t a r a n y ak u r a n g n y at r a n s p a r a n s i d i p e n g a mb i l a nk e p u t u s a np e me r i n t a h , l e ma h n y a k e t e r t i b a nh u k u m d a np r o y e ky a n gme l i b a t k a nu a n gr a k y a t d a l a m j u ml a hb e s a r. J e n i st i n d a k a n k o r u p s i b e r b e d a-b e d ama c a mn y a , s a l a hs a t u n y aa d a l a hme mb e r i a t a ume n e r i mah a d i a ha t a u j a n j i (p e n y u a p a n). P e n y u a p a nme r u p a k a ns a l a hs a t ut i n d a kk o r u p s i y a n gs u l i t d i b u k t i k a nk e c u a l i d e n g a nO T T. D i p e n g h u j u n gt a h u n2 0 1 8p u b l i kd i g e g e r k a nd e n g a na d a n y a4 1a n g g o t aD P R D y a n gme n j a d i s a n t a p a nK P K. K a s u sk o r u p s i b e r j a ma a hs e p e r t i i n i s e b e n a r n y ab u k a ns u a t u h a l a ma ny a n gb a r ud i Ne g e r i i n i , T a h u n-t a h u ns e b e l u mn y ak a s u ss e r u p at e r j a d i d i J a mb i d i ma n a G u b e r n u r n o na k t i f Z u mi Z o l ame n y u a p5 3a n g g o t aD P R Ds e n i l a i 1 6 , 5Mi l y a r. S e l a i ni t u3 8 A n g g o t aD P R Dme n e r i mas u a pd a r i G u b e r n u r n o na k t i f S u ma t r aU t a r aG a t o t P u j oNu g r o h o. T e n t ui r o n i sb u k a n , f e n o me n as e p e r t i i n i h a mp i r t e r j a d i d i s e mu ad a e r a h. B e r d a s a r k a nl a p o r a na k h i r t a h u no l e hMa l a n gC o r u p p t i o nWa t c h(MC W) Me n y a t a k a nb a h wa p e n a n g k a p a n4 1A n g g o t aD P R Dk o t aMa l a n gme r u p a k a nk a s u ss u a pR a p e r d aA P B Dt a h u n2 0 1 5 d a r i wa l i k o t aMa l a n gn o na k t i f Mo h. A n t o nd e n g a nk i s a r a n1 2 , 5-5 0j u t a. T e l a hk i t ak e t a h u i b e r s a mab a h waA P B Di a l a hr e n c a n ak e u a n g a nt a h u n a np e me r i n t a hd a e r a hd i s e t u j u i o l e hD P R D. Na mu np e n g e l o l a a n y as e r i n g k a l i d i s a l a h g u n a k a nd a l a m p r a k t i k n y a , d a r i s i n i d a p a t d i t a r i k k e s i mp u l a nb a h waA P B Dd e n g a nD P R Dme mp u n y a i h u b u n g a ny a n gs a n g a t e r a t d i ma n aD P R D me mp u n y a i t i g af u n g s i u t a may a i t uP e n g a wa s a n(Mo n i t o r i n g) , A n g g a r a n(B u d g e t i n g) d a n L e g i s l a s i. K e t i g af u n g s i t e r s e b u t a p a b i l ad i s e l e we n g k a na k a nme l a h i r k a nt i n d a k a ns u a p. S a ma h a l n y ad e n g a nk o n s e k u e n s i y a n gp a s t i t e r j a d i a p a b i l ama n a k a l ame k a n i s meA P B Dt i d a k d i j a l a n k a ns e c a r ama k s i ma l a k a nmu n c u l b e r b a g a i p e r s o a l a ny a n gc e n d e r u n gme n g a r a hp a d a p e r b u a t a nk o r u p s i. S e c a r ak u a n t i t a t i f d a n aA P B Dc u k u pb e s a r me ma n g , j a d i s a n g a t l a hwa j a r a p a b i l ab a n y a kp i h a kme n j a d i k a nA P B Ds e b a g a i B a n c a k a nu n t u kd i n i k ma t i b e r s a ma. D a r i p e r i s t i wai n i me n i mb u l k a nd a mp a kn e g a t i f y a n gb e g i t ub e s a r d i ma s y a r a k a t y a i t us e ma k i n me n u r u n n y at i n g k a t k e p e r c a y a a nma s y a r a k a t t e r h a d a pp e me r i n t a h. D i s i s i l a i nK o r u p s i me n u n j u k k a nt a n t a n g a ns e r i u st e r h a d a pp e mb a n g u n a ns e r a t me mp e r s u l i t l e g i t i ma s i p e me r i n t a h a nd a nn i l a i d e mo k r a s i. K o r u p s i me r u p a k a ns a l a hs a t uma s a l a hb e s a r y a n gp e r l ud i h a d a p i o l e hn e g a r aI n d o n e s i a. K o r u p s i t e l a hme r u g i k a nb a n g s ad a nn e g a r a , b a h k a nd i a n g g a ps e b a g a i s u a t uk e j a h a t a nl u a r b i a s a(E x t r aO r d i n a r yC r i me) .
Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J... more Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M : 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 F a k u l t a s / J u r u s a n: Hu k u m/ I l muHu k u m Ma t aK u l i a h: I l muNe g a r a D o s e n: D r. L u k ma nHa k i m, S. H. , M. H. Ma t e r i : 0 8 E. P r o p a g a s i 1 .E v a l u a s i D i r i 1 .J e l a s k a na p ac i r i n e g a r ak e s a t u a n ! J a wa b: B e r i k u t i n i c i r i-c i r i n e g a r ak e s a t u a n. 1) Ha n y at e r d a p a t ma s i n g-ma s i n gs a t uu n d a n g-u n d a n gd a s a r , k e p a l a n e g a r a , d e wa np e r wa k i l a nr a k y a t , d a nd e wa nme n t e r i. 2) K e d a u l a t a nn e g a r ame l i p u t i k e d a u l a t a nk ed a l a m d a nk e d a u l a t a nk el u a r y a n gd i t a n d a t a n g a n i o l e hp e me r i n t a hp u s a t. 3) Ha n y ame mi l i k i s a t uk e b i j a k a nme n g e n a i ma s a l a he k o n o mi , s o s i a l , p o l i t i k , e k o n o mi , b u d a y a , p e r t a h a n a n , d a nk e a ma n a n. 4) Ne g a r ak e s a t u a nd a p a t d i b e d a k a nme n j a d i d u ama c a m s i s t e m, y a i t u S e n t r a l i s a s i , d a nD e s e n t r a l i s a s i. Y a n gt e r ma s u kn e g a r ak e s a t u a nc o n t o h n y aI n d o n e s i a , I t a l i a , J e p a n g , B e l a n d a , d a nF i l i p i n a. 2 .J e l a s k a na p ac i r i n e g a r as e r i k a t ! J a wa b: B e r i k u t i n i c i r i-c i r i n e g a r as e i k a t 1)T i a pn e g a r ab a g i a nme mi l i k i k e p a l an e g a r a , p a r l e me n , d e wa nme n t e r i (k a b i n e t) d e mi k e p e n t i n g a nn e g a r ab a g i a n ; 2)T i a pn e g a r ab a g i a nb o l e hme mb u a t k o n s t i t u s i s e n d i r i , t e t a p i t i d a kb o l e h b e r t e n t a n g a nd e n g a nk o n s t i t u s i n e g a r as e r i k a t ; 3)Hu b u n g a na n t a r ap e me r i n t a hf e d e r a l (p u s a t) d e n g a nr a k y a t d i a t u r me l a l u i n e g a r ab a g i a n , k e c u a l i d a l a m h a l t e r t e n t uy a n gk e we n a n g a n n y a t e l a hd i s e r a h k a ns e c a r al a n g s u n gk e p a d ap e me r i n t a hf e d e r a l. 3 .A p ap e r b e d a a nd a r i n e g a r as e r i k a t d a nd e s e n t r a l i s a s i d a l a m n e g a r a k e s a t u a n ? J a wa b: B e r i k u t b e b e r a p ap e r b e d a a nme n d a s a r a n t a r aNe g a r aS e r i k a t d a n Ne g a r aK e s a t u a n 1)Ha ko t o n o m Ne g a r ab a g i a ns a n g a t l u a sb a h k a nb i s ab e r t i n d a ks e b a g a i Ne g a r a. S e me n t a r ap a d aNe g a r ak e s a t u a n(d e s e n t r a l i s a s i) , h a ko t o n o m d a e r a ht e r b a t a sd a nt i d a kb i s ab e r t i n d a ks e b a g a i Ne g a r a. 2)Ha ko t o n o mi d a l a m me n g a t u r d a e r a hma s i n g-ma s i n gp a d aNe g a r a k e s a t u a nd a t a n gd a r i p e me r i n t a hp u s a t. S e me n t a r ap a d aNe g a r ab a g i a n ,
Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M.: 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 1. E V A L U A S I ... more Na ma: F e n i aA u r u l l yA i s y a h NI M.: 1 8 1 7 4 1 0 1 8 1 5 1 6 3 7 1. E V A L U A S I D I R I 1) j e l a s k a nt e n t a n gk e k u a s a a n ! 2) me n g a p ak e k u a s a a nd a p a t mu n c u l p a d as e s e o r a n g ! 3) a p ab e d a n y ak e k u a s a a nd a nk e d a u l a t a n ! 4) a p ag u n at e o r i p e mb e n a r a nn e g a r a ! 5) a p ai s i d a r i t e o r i p e mb e n a r a nn e g a r a ! 6) b a g a i ma n ap e r k e mb a n g a nt e o r i k e d a u l a t a nd i d u n i a ? 7) a p ad a s a r p e n e n t uk e d a u l a t a nd a l a m s u a t un e g r a ? J A WA B A N 1)k e k u a s a a n me r u p a k a n :k e we n a n g a n y a n g d i d a p a to l e h s e s e o r a n g a t a u k e l o mp o k g u n a u n t u k me n j a l a n k a n k e we n a n g a n t e r s e b u ts e s u a id e n g a n k e we n a n g a ny a n gd i b e r i k a n , k e we n a n g a ni t ut i d a kb o l e hd i j a l a n k a nme l e b i h i k e we n a n g a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h a t a u k e ma mp u a n s e s e o r a n g a t a u k e l o mp o k u n t u kme mp e n g a r u h i t i n g k a hl a k uo r a n ga t a uk e l o mp o kl a i n. 2)K a r e n as e t i a po r a n gme mi l i k i k e ma mp u a nu n t u kd a p a t me mp e n g a r u h i p i h a k l a i n u n t u k b e r p i k i r d a n b e r p r i l l a k u s e s u a i d e n g a n k e h e n d a k y a n g me me n g a r u h i n y a. 3)K e k u a s a a n: s e s u a t uy a n gme l i b a t k a ns u a t up i h a ky a n gd a p ame mp e n g a r u h i s e s e o r a n gu n t u kme n g i k u t i p e r i n t a h n y a. K e d a u l a t a n : s e s u a t u k e k u a s a a n t e r t i n g g id a l a m s u a t u n e g a r a mu t l a k me n g u r u s / me n g a t u r s e s u a t uy a n gb e r k a i t a nd e n g a nk e n e g a r a a n. 4)G u n ad a r it e o r ip e mb e n a r a na d a l a hs e b a g a id a s a rp e mb e n a rp e r i l a k un e g a r a (b e r a s a l d a r i t u h a n) y a n g d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i b e r b a g a i s e g i mi s a l n y a , s e g i k e a g a ma a n / k e t u h a n a n , s e g ik e k u a t a n (F i s i k , R o h a n id a n Ma t e r i) ,s e g iHu k u m (Hu k u m K e k e l u a r g a a n, Hu k u m K e b e n d a a n , Hu k u m P e r j a n j i a n). 5)T e o r id a r iP e mb e n a r a n n e g a r a b e r i s ip e r n y a t a a n t e n t a n g d a s a rp e mb e n a r a n p e r i l a k u n e g a r a y a n g b e r d a s a r k a n d u a s u mb e ry a i t u A l a s a n t u h a n d a n a l a s a n p e n g u a s a
G a mb a r k a nt a h a p a np e r k e mb a n g a nn e g a r a ! j e l a s k a np u l ak a r a k ... more G a mb a r k a nt a h a p a np e r k e mb a n g a nn e g a r a ! j e l a s k a np u l ak a r a k t e r i s t i kp e r e s e p s i t e n t a n gn e g a r ap a d aMa s y a r a k a t T r a d i s i o n a l (T r a d i t i o n a l S o c i e t yS t a g e) D i c i r i k a nd e n g a n : 1) k o n d i s i ma s y a r a k a t y a n gb e l u m p r o d u k t i f 2) c a r ab e r p r o d u k s i d a np o l ap e r e k o n o mi a ny a n gd i j a l a n k a nma s i ht r a d i s i o n a l 3) s i s t e m d a np o l ak e r j ay a n gt e l a ha d ama s i hb e r s i f a t t r a d i s i / t u r u nt e mu r u n 4) p e r e k o n o mi a nd i l a k u k a nu n t u kme me n u h i k e b u t u h a ns e n d i r i (b e l u m b e r o r i e n t a s i p a s a r) d a n 5) ma t ap e n c a h a r i a nma s y a r a k a t d i s e k t o r p e r t a n i a n. b. T a h a pP r a k o n d i s i L e p a sL a n d a s(P r e c o n d i t i o nf o r T a k eOf f S t a g e) D i c i r i k a nd e n g a n : 1) t e r j a d i p e r u b a h a np o l ak e r j ad a ns i s t e m d i s e g a l ab i d a n g , b a i ks o s i a l , e k o n o mi , b u d a y a , d a np o l i t i k n y a 2) s u d a hme n g e n a l d a nme n g g u n a k a nt e k n o l o g i u n t u kl e b i hp r o d u k t i f d a ne f i s i e n 3) s u d a hmu n c u l k e s a d a r a nme n a b u n gy a n gl e b i hp r o d u k t i f d i l e mb a g a-l e mb a g ak e u a n g a n s e r t a 4) k e g i a t a np e r e k o n o mi a nt e r u sb e r g e r a kk ea r a hk e ma j u a n. c. T a h a pL e p a sL a n d a s(T a k eOf f S t a g e) D i c i r i k a nd e n g a n :
Indikasi kemungkinan besar terjadinya Krisis Pendidikan akibat implementasi kebijakan pemerintah ... more Indikasi kemungkinan besar terjadinya Krisis Pendidikan akibat implementasi kebijakan pemerintah bidang pendidikan kurang merata
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