Four methodological issues identified and studied by short-term motor memory researchers were exa... more Four methodological issues identified and studied by short-term motor memory researchers were examined in this paper: (a) the distributions of three commonly used measures of error (AE, CE, and VE); (b) statistical analysis of these scores as dependent measures in an experiment; (c) within-cell and experiment-wise estimates of the reliability of CE; and (d) the power of the statistical test with CE as the dependent measure. The first two sub-problems were explored theoretically, while the latter two were subjected to empirical examination using four data sets from previously published experiments. The distributions of AE and VE scores were described as non-normal under certain conditions, while the CE score distribution was shown to be normal. Therefore analyses of these three dependent measures may require different statistical procedures. In light of this information, the assumptions affecting estimates of reliability and power in an experimental framework were examined. Based on an analysis of the four data sets, a strategy was proposed in which a relatively small number of subjects could be utilized in an experiment without sacrificing desired experimental controls.
The purpose of this study was to calibrate a nationally used sit-ups test using the Rasch Poisson... more The purpose of this study was to calibrate a nationally used sit-ups test using the Rasch Poisson Counts model and evaluate the model-data fit. The total number of subjects was 8,723, consisting of 4,486 girls and 4,237 boys, ages 10 to 18. The estimated difficulty of the sit-ups task was −2.80, which was appropriate for a majority of examinees whose ability levels ranged from.09 to 1.39. After the calibration, boys and girls as well as different age groups were compared under the same metric. Graphs of the model-data fit demonstrated that the model-data fit at a low ability level was not as good as the fit at a high ability, which could be caused by violation of assumptions of the model that examinees have the same performance speed throughout the test and that the speed at a given time is independent of the number of sit-ups completed so far. Key words: item response theory, modeling of motor performance, fitness testing
This study investigates the relationship of hand use to the deforming hand joint changes of rheum... more This study investigates the relationship of hand use to the deforming hand joint changes of rheumatoid arthritis. Measurements of metacarpophalangeal lateral mobility, loss of metacarpophalangeal hyperextension, thumb metacarpophalangeal range of motion, and lateral pinch strength were statistically compared across dominant and nondominant hands of 51 adult subjects who had definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Incidence of boutonniere and swan neck deformities and distal radioulna laxity was also recorded. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance of the difference scores between dominant and nondominant measures were not significant. The authors concluded that the relationship of hand use to joint destruction is not yet clearly defined and further study is needed. Implications for treatment principles of joint protection are presented.
The application of criterion-referenced (CR) standard setting procedures in physical education ha... more The application of criterion-referenced (CR) standard setting procedures in physical education has been limited to the examinee-centered model known as criterion groups. Alternative examinee-centered approaches are available but have not been applied in sport skills testing. The purpose of this study was to compare two examinee-centered models for setting performance standards for a sport skills test battery. CR performance standards were determined for the tennis skills test battery published in Tennis skills test manual (Hensley, 1989) using the borderline group (BG) (Livingston & Zieky, 1982) and criterion groups (CG) (Berk, 1976) models. The comparison of these two methods demonstrated that the CG method consistently produced performance standards that were lower than the BG method. In one instance the BG method produced a standard that was clearly unreasonable. Estimates of CR reliability for the CG standards (.76 less than or equal to P less than or equal to .93; .52 less than or equal to Kq less than or equal to .86) were higher than BG estimates (.55 less than or equal to P less than or equal to .84; .11 less than or equal to Kq less than or equal to .68). Although each method has strengths, neither is without problems. Results from this study suggest these two methods might be combined to minimize the problems associated with each. This combined method should produce standards with improved accuracy, validity, and reliability.
This revised and restructured edition includes chapters on: the use of statistics; testing for at... more This revised and restructured edition includes chapters on: the use of statistics; testing for athletic training; sports skills tests for elementary school children and special populations; and fair procedures for determining improvement score.
... 1 / 1 Seleccione referencia / Select reference. Signatura : 61: 796. Autor : Safrit, Margaret... more ... 1 / 1 Seleccione referencia / Select reference. Signatura : 61: 796. Autor : Safrit, Margaret J.; Wood, Terry M. TÃtulo : Measurement concepts in physical education and exercise science. P. imprenta : Champaign. 1989. 382 p.. Descriptores ...
Sonstroem's psychological model for physical activity offers a testable theory for understand... more Sonstroem's psychological model for physical activity offers a testable theory for understanding certain aspects of involvement and outcomes among adolescent boys. The usefulness of the model for other populations cannot be clarified, however, until the psychometric properties of its technology, the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS), are known for the groups studied. As a step in this direction, the factorial validity of PEAS responses among college males (N = 488) and females (N = 347) was examined. An independent group of college females (N =413) was also sampled to examine the general ability of the initial findings. These results revealed a robust factor of items that apparently tap perceptions of general physical competence and a perceived strength factor. These emerged across samples and analyses and were not gender-specific. Investigators using the PEAS with adult populations should consider its unique factor structure in the process of testing Sonstroem...
Four methodological issues identified and studied by short-term motor memory researchers were exa... more Four methodological issues identified and studied by short-term motor memory researchers were examined in this paper: (a) the distributions of three commonly used measures of error (AE, CE, and VE); (b) statistical analysis of these scores as dependent measures in an experiment; (c) within-cell and experiment-wise estimates of the reliability of CE; and (d) the power of the statistical test with CE as the dependent measure. The first two sub-problems were explored theoretically, while the latter two were subjected to empirical examination using four data sets from previously published experiments. The distributions of AE and VE scores were described as non-normal under certain conditions, while the CE score distribution was shown to be normal. Therefore analyses of these three dependent measures may require different statistical procedures. In light of this information, the assumptions affecting estimates of reliability and power in an experimental framework were examined. Based on an analysis of the four data sets, a strategy was proposed in which a relatively small number of subjects could be utilized in an experiment without sacrificing desired experimental controls.
The purpose of this study was to calibrate a nationally used sit-ups test using the Rasch Poisson... more The purpose of this study was to calibrate a nationally used sit-ups test using the Rasch Poisson Counts model and evaluate the model-data fit. The total number of subjects was 8,723, consisting of 4,486 girls and 4,237 boys, ages 10 to 18. The estimated difficulty of the sit-ups task was −2.80, which was appropriate for a majority of examinees whose ability levels ranged from.09 to 1.39. After the calibration, boys and girls as well as different age groups were compared under the same metric. Graphs of the model-data fit demonstrated that the model-data fit at a low ability level was not as good as the fit at a high ability, which could be caused by violation of assumptions of the model that examinees have the same performance speed throughout the test and that the speed at a given time is independent of the number of sit-ups completed so far. Key words: item response theory, modeling of motor performance, fitness testing
This study investigates the relationship of hand use to the deforming hand joint changes of rheum... more This study investigates the relationship of hand use to the deforming hand joint changes of rheumatoid arthritis. Measurements of metacarpophalangeal lateral mobility, loss of metacarpophalangeal hyperextension, thumb metacarpophalangeal range of motion, and lateral pinch strength were statistically compared across dominant and nondominant hands of 51 adult subjects who had definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Incidence of boutonniere and swan neck deformities and distal radioulna laxity was also recorded. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance of the difference scores between dominant and nondominant measures were not significant. The authors concluded that the relationship of hand use to joint destruction is not yet clearly defined and further study is needed. Implications for treatment principles of joint protection are presented.
The application of criterion-referenced (CR) standard setting procedures in physical education ha... more The application of criterion-referenced (CR) standard setting procedures in physical education has been limited to the examinee-centered model known as criterion groups. Alternative examinee-centered approaches are available but have not been applied in sport skills testing. The purpose of this study was to compare two examinee-centered models for setting performance standards for a sport skills test battery. CR performance standards were determined for the tennis skills test battery published in Tennis skills test manual (Hensley, 1989) using the borderline group (BG) (Livingston & Zieky, 1982) and criterion groups (CG) (Berk, 1976) models. The comparison of these two methods demonstrated that the CG method consistently produced performance standards that were lower than the BG method. In one instance the BG method produced a standard that was clearly unreasonable. Estimates of CR reliability for the CG standards (.76 less than or equal to P less than or equal to .93; .52 less than or equal to Kq less than or equal to .86) were higher than BG estimates (.55 less than or equal to P less than or equal to .84; .11 less than or equal to Kq less than or equal to .68). Although each method has strengths, neither is without problems. Results from this study suggest these two methods might be combined to minimize the problems associated with each. This combined method should produce standards with improved accuracy, validity, and reliability.
This revised and restructured edition includes chapters on: the use of statistics; testing for at... more This revised and restructured edition includes chapters on: the use of statistics; testing for athletic training; sports skills tests for elementary school children and special populations; and fair procedures for determining improvement score.
... 1 / 1 Seleccione referencia / Select reference. Signatura : 61: 796. Autor : Safrit, Margaret... more ... 1 / 1 Seleccione referencia / Select reference. Signatura : 61: 796. Autor : Safrit, Margaret J.; Wood, Terry M. TÃtulo : Measurement concepts in physical education and exercise science. P. imprenta : Champaign. 1989. 382 p.. Descriptores ...
Sonstroem's psychological model for physical activity offers a testable theory for understand... more Sonstroem's psychological model for physical activity offers a testable theory for understanding certain aspects of involvement and outcomes among adolescent boys. The usefulness of the model for other populations cannot be clarified, however, until the psychometric properties of its technology, the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS), are known for the groups studied. As a step in this direction, the factorial validity of PEAS responses among college males (N = 488) and females (N = 347) was examined. An independent group of college females (N =413) was also sampled to examine the general ability of the initial findings. These results revealed a robust factor of items that apparently tap perceptions of general physical competence and a perceived strength factor. These emerged across samples and analyses and were not gender-specific. Investigators using the PEAS with adult populations should consider its unique factor structure in the process of testing Sonstroem...
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