Research has indicated that online daters may pick up on language cues
connected to personality t... more Research has indicated that online daters may pick up on language cues connected to personality traits in online dating profile texts, and act upon those cues. This research seeks to investigate the level of accuracy of detection of personality in dating profile texts, and the extent to which perceived or actual similarity of personality has an effect on attractiveness of the author. An online survey was conducted collecting the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) for each participant and text author, a peer-report TIPI score by participants for each text author, and an attractiveness rating on a Likert scale for each author. Participants correctly identified Extraversion, though the effect size was small. Contrary to the hypotheses, participants preferred texts when written by an author with a personality they perceived as dissimilar to their own, specifically in Openness and Conscientiousness, and no relationship was found between actual similarity of personality and attractiveness. Online daters may choose partners with complementary or desirable traits rather than similar traits, or other factors in attraction may be more salient in the initial stages of determining attraction.
Heavy chat room use has been associated with social isolation, introversion, impulse control prob... more Heavy chat room use has been associated with social isolation, introversion, impulse control problems, and risk taking. Such characteristics form part of the cluster of traits associated with schizotypy. This study used multiple regression to examine the relationship between age, sex, four dimensions of schizotypy, and frequency of reported chat room use. The only significant association with schizotypy was between frequency of chat room use and impulsive nonconformity (IN) in females. These findings may be explained by the increased risk associated with female chat room use.
ABSTRACT The present study examines sex and age differences in the use of emoticons (graphic repr... more ABSTRACT The present study examines sex and age differences in the use of emoticons (graphic representations of facial expressions) in Internet chat rooms. Data were collected from four Noesis chat rooms (“18+”, “30-something”, “40-something” and “50+”). Although women were more likely than men to use emoticons, there was no difference between the sexes in the range of emoticons used. The fact that men expressed a similar range of emoticons to women implies a general convergence towards female expression in mixed-sex communication contexts. Chat room users without a profile picture were also more likely to use winking emoticons. This may be because these types of emoticons are more flirtatious in intent, and it is easier for chatters to engage in risky communications when they are less identifiable. Furthermore, age had little bearing on the uptake of emoticons as well as the types of emoticons expressed. We draw upon Communication Accommodation Theory to help explain why emotional expression may converge in the chat room context.
It is suggested that communication mediated by video may have an important impact on the way in w... more It is suggested that communication mediated by video may have an important impact on the way in which individuals are perceived and this might be a result of an attenuation or distortion of visual signals. The current study aimed to test this further by employing a simple mind-reading task, which gave participants an opportunity to interact with one another. Participants completed the task in pairs either face-to-face or via video-mediated technologies. After completing the task, participants filled in a questionnaire which was designed to assess perceptions of how much they liked and how intelligent they believed their partner in the task to be. Results indicate that participants were regarded as significantly less likeable and intelligent in the video-mediated condition. This is probably a consequence of the attenuation of visual signals, in particular eye gaze, which has been shown to be important in impression formation. Findings from this study have practical implications for using this type of technology to assess performance, for example in interviews, especially if comparisons are made with face-to-face interviewees.
The impact of looking into the camera during a presentation over a video link (resulting in the p... more The impact of looking into the camera during a presentation over a video link (resulting in the perception of mutual gaze) on information recall was investigated. In a face-to-face context mutual gaze has been shown to facilitate the encoding and subsequent recall of information [Fry, R., Smith, G.F., 1975. The effects of feedback and eye contact on performance of a digit-coding task. J. Soc. Psychol. 96, 145–146; Otteson, J.D., Otteson, C.R., 1980. Effect of teacher's gaze on children's story recall. Percept. Motor Skill. 50, 35–42; Sherwood, J.V., 1988. Facilitative effects of gaze upon learning. Percept. Motor Skill. 64 (3 Part 2), 1275–1278]. One explanation for these findings is that gaze acts as an arousal stimulus, which increases attentional focus and therefore enhances memory [Kelley, D.H., Gorham, J., 1988. Effects of immediacy on recall of information. Commun. Edu. 37(3), 198–207]. Two studies were conducted in order to test whether gazing at the camera during video-mediated presentations resulted in similar benefits as mutual gaze in a face-to-face context. In study 1 a confederate presented information about two fictitious soap products. In one condition, the confederate gazed at the camera for 30% of the presentation, therefore giving the participants the impression that he was gazing in their direction. In the other condition the confederate did not gaze at the camera. Participants viewed the sales presentations from both conditions. In the condition where gaze was directed at the camera, participants recalled significantly more information about the sales presentation. Study 2 employed the same pre-recorded sales presentations used in study 1, however they were delivered to the participants under audio-only conditions (therefore, the image was switched off). Results from study 2 indicated no recall differences between the two conditions. Findings from these studies would seem to indicate that the perception of gaze aversion over a video link (a consequence of the salesman not looking into the camera) has a negative impact on information recall. This has practical implications for video-mediated presentations. In a distance learning environment lecturers could be advised to look into the camera in order to promote more efficient learning in students.
... FACTORS IN INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND SAFETY: EFFECTS OF MOOD STATE ON COMPLIANCE Orso... more ... FACTORS IN INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND SAFETY: EFFECTS OF MOOD STATE ON COMPLIANCE Orsolina I. Martino, Chris Fullwood & Neil ... Thayer (1996; 2001) proposed a theory of four basic moods, which result from combinations of energy and tension. ...
... S. Zhao, S. Grasmuck and J. Martin, 2008. “Identity construction on Facebook: Digitalempowerm... more ... S. Zhao, S. Grasmuck and J. Martin, 2008. “Identity construction on Facebook: Digitalempowerment in anchored relationships,” Computers in Human Behaviour, volume 24, number 5, pp. 1,816–1,836. Editorial history. Received 8 November 2010; accepted 22 April 2011. ...
Research has indicated that online daters may pick up on language cues
connected to personality t... more Research has indicated that online daters may pick up on language cues connected to personality traits in online dating profile texts, and act upon those cues. This research seeks to investigate the level of accuracy of detection of personality in dating profile texts, and the extent to which perceived or actual similarity of personality has an effect on attractiveness of the author. An online survey was conducted collecting the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) for each participant and text author, a peer-report TIPI score by participants for each text author, and an attractiveness rating on a Likert scale for each author. Participants correctly identified Extraversion, though the effect size was small. Contrary to the hypotheses, participants preferred texts when written by an author with a personality they perceived as dissimilar to their own, specifically in Openness and Conscientiousness, and no relationship was found between actual similarity of personality and attractiveness. Online daters may choose partners with complementary or desirable traits rather than similar traits, or other factors in attraction may be more salient in the initial stages of determining attraction.
Heavy chat room use has been associated with social isolation, introversion, impulse control prob... more Heavy chat room use has been associated with social isolation, introversion, impulse control problems, and risk taking. Such characteristics form part of the cluster of traits associated with schizotypy. This study used multiple regression to examine the relationship between age, sex, four dimensions of schizotypy, and frequency of reported chat room use. The only significant association with schizotypy was between frequency of chat room use and impulsive nonconformity (IN) in females. These findings may be explained by the increased risk associated with female chat room use.
ABSTRACT The present study examines sex and age differences in the use of emoticons (graphic repr... more ABSTRACT The present study examines sex and age differences in the use of emoticons (graphic representations of facial expressions) in Internet chat rooms. Data were collected from four Noesis chat rooms (“18+”, “30-something”, “40-something” and “50+”). Although women were more likely than men to use emoticons, there was no difference between the sexes in the range of emoticons used. The fact that men expressed a similar range of emoticons to women implies a general convergence towards female expression in mixed-sex communication contexts. Chat room users without a profile picture were also more likely to use winking emoticons. This may be because these types of emoticons are more flirtatious in intent, and it is easier for chatters to engage in risky communications when they are less identifiable. Furthermore, age had little bearing on the uptake of emoticons as well as the types of emoticons expressed. We draw upon Communication Accommodation Theory to help explain why emotional expression may converge in the chat room context.
It is suggested that communication mediated by video may have an important impact on the way in w... more It is suggested that communication mediated by video may have an important impact on the way in which individuals are perceived and this might be a result of an attenuation or distortion of visual signals. The current study aimed to test this further by employing a simple mind-reading task, which gave participants an opportunity to interact with one another. Participants completed the task in pairs either face-to-face or via video-mediated technologies. After completing the task, participants filled in a questionnaire which was designed to assess perceptions of how much they liked and how intelligent they believed their partner in the task to be. Results indicate that participants were regarded as significantly less likeable and intelligent in the video-mediated condition. This is probably a consequence of the attenuation of visual signals, in particular eye gaze, which has been shown to be important in impression formation. Findings from this study have practical implications for using this type of technology to assess performance, for example in interviews, especially if comparisons are made with face-to-face interviewees.
The impact of looking into the camera during a presentation over a video link (resulting in the p... more The impact of looking into the camera during a presentation over a video link (resulting in the perception of mutual gaze) on information recall was investigated. In a face-to-face context mutual gaze has been shown to facilitate the encoding and subsequent recall of information [Fry, R., Smith, G.F., 1975. The effects of feedback and eye contact on performance of a digit-coding task. J. Soc. Psychol. 96, 145–146; Otteson, J.D., Otteson, C.R., 1980. Effect of teacher's gaze on children's story recall. Percept. Motor Skill. 50, 35–42; Sherwood, J.V., 1988. Facilitative effects of gaze upon learning. Percept. Motor Skill. 64 (3 Part 2), 1275–1278]. One explanation for these findings is that gaze acts as an arousal stimulus, which increases attentional focus and therefore enhances memory [Kelley, D.H., Gorham, J., 1988. Effects of immediacy on recall of information. Commun. Edu. 37(3), 198–207]. Two studies were conducted in order to test whether gazing at the camera during video-mediated presentations resulted in similar benefits as mutual gaze in a face-to-face context. In study 1 a confederate presented information about two fictitious soap products. In one condition, the confederate gazed at the camera for 30% of the presentation, therefore giving the participants the impression that he was gazing in their direction. In the other condition the confederate did not gaze at the camera. Participants viewed the sales presentations from both conditions. In the condition where gaze was directed at the camera, participants recalled significantly more information about the sales presentation. Study 2 employed the same pre-recorded sales presentations used in study 1, however they were delivered to the participants under audio-only conditions (therefore, the image was switched off). Results from study 2 indicated no recall differences between the two conditions. Findings from these studies would seem to indicate that the perception of gaze aversion over a video link (a consequence of the salesman not looking into the camera) has a negative impact on information recall. This has practical implications for video-mediated presentations. In a distance learning environment lecturers could be advised to look into the camera in order to promote more efficient learning in students.
... FACTORS IN INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND SAFETY: EFFECTS OF MOOD STATE ON COMPLIANCE Orso... more ... FACTORS IN INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND SAFETY: EFFECTS OF MOOD STATE ON COMPLIANCE Orsolina I. Martino, Chris Fullwood & Neil ... Thayer (1996; 2001) proposed a theory of four basic moods, which result from combinations of energy and tension. ...
... S. Zhao, S. Grasmuck and J. Martin, 2008. “Identity construction on Facebook: Digitalempowerm... more ... S. Zhao, S. Grasmuck and J. Martin, 2008. “Identity construction on Facebook: Digitalempowerment in anchored relationships,” Computers in Human Behaviour, volume 24, number 5, pp. 1,816–1,836. Editorial history. Received 8 November 2010; accepted 22 April 2011. ...
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Papers by Chris Fullwood
connected to personality traits in online dating profile texts, and act upon those
cues. This research seeks to investigate the level of accuracy of detection of
personality in dating profile texts, and the extent to which perceived or actual
similarity of personality has an effect on attractiveness of the author. An online
survey was conducted collecting the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) for
each participant and text author, a peer-report TIPI score by participants for each
text author, and an attractiveness rating on a Likert scale for each author.
Participants correctly identified Extraversion, though the effect size was small.
Contrary to the hypotheses, participants preferred texts when written by an author
with a personality they perceived as dissimilar to their own, specifically in
Openness and Conscientiousness, and no relationship was found between actual
similarity of personality and attractiveness. Online daters may choose partners
with complementary or desirable traits rather than similar traits, or other factors in
attraction may be more salient in the initial stages of determining attraction.
connected to personality traits in online dating profile texts, and act upon those
cues. This research seeks to investigate the level of accuracy of detection of
personality in dating profile texts, and the extent to which perceived or actual
similarity of personality has an effect on attractiveness of the author. An online
survey was conducted collecting the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) for
each participant and text author, a peer-report TIPI score by participants for each
text author, and an attractiveness rating on a Likert scale for each author.
Participants correctly identified Extraversion, though the effect size was small.
Contrary to the hypotheses, participants preferred texts when written by an author
with a personality they perceived as dissimilar to their own, specifically in
Openness and Conscientiousness, and no relationship was found between actual
similarity of personality and attractiveness. Online daters may choose partners
with complementary or desirable traits rather than similar traits, or other factors in
attraction may be more salient in the initial stages of determining attraction.