An alternative to conventional models that treat decisions as open-loop independent choices is pr... more An alternative to conventional models that treat decisions as open-loop independent choices is presented. The alterative model is based on observations of work situations such as healthcare, where decisionmaking is more typically a closed-loop, dynamic, problem-solving process. The article suggests five important distinctions between the processes assumed by conventional models and the reality of decisionmaking in practice. It is suggested that the logic of abduction in the form of an adaptive, muddling through process is more consistent with the realities of practice in domains such as healthcare. The practical implication is that the design goal should not be to improve consistency with normative models of rationality, but to tune the representations guiding the muddling process to increase functional perspicacity.
Contents: Preface. Part I Aviation Psychology: Aviation psychology: optimizing human and system p... more Contents: Preface. Part I Aviation Psychology: Aviation psychology: optimizing human and system performance, Michael A.Vidulich, Pamela S. Tsang and John M. Flach Applying systems thinking to aviation psychology, Nancy G. Leveson An earthbound perspective on orientation illusions experienced in aerospace flight, James R. Lackner. Part II Next Generation Air Space and Air Traffic Control: NASA NextGen flight deck research: a database of research areas and results, Kathleen L. Mosier and Alec Munc Flight deck models of workload and multitasking: an overview of validation, Christopher D. Wickens and Angelia Sebok Clarifying cognitive complexity and controller strategies in disturbed inbound peak air traffic control operations, Marian J. Schuver-van Blanken Ecological flight deck design-the world behind the glass, Max Mulder Risk perception in ecological information systems, Jan Comans, Clark Borst, M.M. van Paassen and Max Mulder. Part III Pilot Factors for Air and Ground-Based Operations: Implications of text chat for air crew communication and coordination, Nancy J. Cooke, Christopher W. Myers and Prashanth Rajivan Human-centered automation as effective work design, Amy R. Pritchett and Karen M. Feigh Enhancing military helicopter pilot assistant systems through resource adaptive dialogue management, Felix Maiwald and Axel Schulte Individual pilot factors predict runway incursion outcomes, Kathleen Van Benthem and Chris M. Herdman. Part IV Training and Selection: Synthetic task environments and the three-body problem, John M. Flach, Winston Bennett, Jr. and Scott M. Galster Enhancing management of complex and unforeseen situations among pilots: new trends in cognitive-adaptation training, Marie-Pierre Fornette, Marthe Bourgy, Jean-Yves Jollans, Corinne Roumes and Francoise Darses Distribution of attention as a function of time: a different approach to measure a specific aspect of situation awareness, Katrin Meierfrankenfeld, Werner Gress and Bettina Vorbach. Index.
... The work begun by Gibson (eg, Gibson & Crooks, 1938; Gibson, Olum, & ... more ... The work begun by Gibson (eg, Gibson & Crooks, 1938; Gibson, Olum, & Rosenblatt, 1955) continues and prospers. ... Hosman & van der Vaart, 1981; van der Vaart & Hosman, 1989), and the Aviation Research Laboratory at the University of Ilinois where Gavan Lintern and ...
An alternative to conventional models that treat decisions as open-loop independent choices is pr... more An alternative to conventional models that treat decisions as open-loop independent choices is presented. The alterative model is based on observations of work situations such as healthcare, where decisionmaking is more typically a closed-loop, dynamic, problem-solving process. The article suggests five important distinctions between the processes assumed by conventional models and the reality of decisionmaking in practice. It is suggested that the logic of abduction in the form of an adaptive, muddling through process is more consistent with the realities of practice in domains such as healthcare. The practical implication is that the design goal should not be to improve consistency with normative models of rationality, but to tune the representations guiding the muddling process to increase functional perspicacity.
Contents: Preface. Part I Aviation Psychology: Aviation psychology: optimizing human and system p... more Contents: Preface. Part I Aviation Psychology: Aviation psychology: optimizing human and system performance, Michael A.Vidulich, Pamela S. Tsang and John M. Flach Applying systems thinking to aviation psychology, Nancy G. Leveson An earthbound perspective on orientation illusions experienced in aerospace flight, James R. Lackner. Part II Next Generation Air Space and Air Traffic Control: NASA NextGen flight deck research: a database of research areas and results, Kathleen L. Mosier and Alec Munc Flight deck models of workload and multitasking: an overview of validation, Christopher D. Wickens and Angelia Sebok Clarifying cognitive complexity and controller strategies in disturbed inbound peak air traffic control operations, Marian J. Schuver-van Blanken Ecological flight deck design-the world behind the glass, Max Mulder Risk perception in ecological information systems, Jan Comans, Clark Borst, M.M. van Paassen and Max Mulder. Part III Pilot Factors for Air and Ground-Based Operations: Implications of text chat for air crew communication and coordination, Nancy J. Cooke, Christopher W. Myers and Prashanth Rajivan Human-centered automation as effective work design, Amy R. Pritchett and Karen M. Feigh Enhancing military helicopter pilot assistant systems through resource adaptive dialogue management, Felix Maiwald and Axel Schulte Individual pilot factors predict runway incursion outcomes, Kathleen Van Benthem and Chris M. Herdman. Part IV Training and Selection: Synthetic task environments and the three-body problem, John M. Flach, Winston Bennett, Jr. and Scott M. Galster Enhancing management of complex and unforeseen situations among pilots: new trends in cognitive-adaptation training, Marie-Pierre Fornette, Marthe Bourgy, Jean-Yves Jollans, Corinne Roumes and Francoise Darses Distribution of attention as a function of time: a different approach to measure a specific aspect of situation awareness, Katrin Meierfrankenfeld, Werner Gress and Bettina Vorbach. Index.
... The work begun by Gibson (eg, Gibson & Crooks, 1938; Gibson, Olum, & ... more ... The work begun by Gibson (eg, Gibson & Crooks, 1938; Gibson, Olum, & Rosenblatt, 1955) continues and prospers. ... Hosman & van der Vaart, 1981; van der Vaart & Hosman, 1989), and the Aviation Research Laboratory at the University of Ilinois where Gavan Lintern and ...
This paper details the creation and use of a massive (32,000+ messages) artificially constructed ... more This paper details the creation and use of a massive (32,000+ messages) artificially constructed 'Twitter' microblog stream for a regional emergency preparedness functional exercise. By combining microblog conversion, manual production, and a control set, we created a web-based information stream providing valid, misleading, and irrelevant information to public information officers (PIOs) representing hospitals, fire departments, the local Red Cross, and city and county government officials. PIOs searched, monitored, and (through conventional channels) verified potentially actionable information that could then be redistributed through a personalized screen name. Our case study of a key PIO reveals several capabilities that social media can support, including event detection, the distribution of information between functions within the emergency response community, and the distribution of messages to the public. We suggest that training as well as information filtering tools are necessary to realize the potential of social media in both emergencies and exercises.
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