The article discusses the mid-nineteenth-century introduction of gas production technology by the... more The article discusses the mid-nineteenth-century introduction of gas production technology by the Deutsche Continental-Gas-Gesellschaft to the emerging cities in the area of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, namely Warsaw, Lviv, and Kraków. During the 1870s and 1880s, the local governments of Kraków and Lviv, dominated by Polish influences, sought to portray themselves as agents of modernization. Consequently, the arrival of a German investors implementing unfamiliar gas production technology was unwelcome. This resulted in the takeover (in Lviv) or buyout (in Kraków) of the gasworks in operation. In contrast, Warsaw, under the administration of Russia, reached an agreement with the concessionaire. Modernization of the gas industry in these cities commenced in the late nineteenth century, with management falling under both municipal (Kraków and Lviv) and private (Warsaw) entities. This allowed for the expansion of the gasworks and a subsequent increase in gas consumption, as facilitated by the reduction in the product’s price. However, Kraków and Lviv managed to present themselves as the architects of this favorable situation. Meanwhile, the authorities in Warsaw permitted the Dessau company to operate within the city, which engendered discontent among the Polish intelligentsia in the early twentieth century. In Germany and the Habsburg monarchy, it was customary for cities to municipalize their gasworks, with the profits channeled back into city budgets. This aspect of urban modernity, as it was perceived at the time, was absent in Warsaw.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, 2022
W artykule omówiono okoliczności wdrażania i użytkowania masowych środków transportu miejskiego w... more W artykule omówiono okoliczności wdrażania i użytkowania masowych środków transportu miejskiego we Lwowie. Problematyka została ukazana w szerszym kontekście polityki gospodarczej i społecznej samorządu miejskiego oraz warunków realizacji inwestycji w Galicji. W 1879 r. miasto zdecydowało się na zlecenie wykonania tramwaju konnego Triesteńskiemu Towarzystwu Tramwajowemu. Inwestor nie był jednak skłonny do rozbudowania wykonanych linii, dlatego samorząd miejski postanowił zlecić wykonanie tramwaju elektrycznego firmie Siemens & Halske. Inwestycja okazała się na tyle udana, że miasto wykupiło tramwaj elektryczny i zdecydowało się go użytkować we własnym zarządzie. Pomimo konkurencji omnibusu i tramwaju konnego, tramwaj elektryczny – po rozbudowaniu linii w latach 1906–1910 – stał się podstawowym środkiem transportu w mieście. Innowacyjność użytego napędu świadczy, że stolica Galicji nie odstawała w zakresie stosowania nowoczesnych rozwiązań infrastrukturalnych od innych wielkich miast...
Tekst omawia proces instalowania w przestrzeni miejskiej Lwowa oświetlenia gazowego oraz budowe i... more Tekst omawia proces instalowania w przestrzeni miejskiej Lwowa oświetlenia gazowego oraz budowe i poźniejsze modernizacje gazowni. Historie przemyslu gazowniczego we Lwowie charakteryzują podobne zjawiska spoleczne i gospodarcze jak w przypadku innych miast austro-wegierskich i niemieckich (konflikty inwestora z miejskim samorządem i odbiorcami gazu, komunalizacja gazowni). Lwowskie gazownictwo na tle innych miast wyroznia uzycie nietypowych surowcow do produkcji gazu (drewna, a poźniej olejow naftowych) oraz stosunkowo poźno wystepujący wzrost produkcji (po 1898 r.), bedący skutkiem wiekszej dostepności gazu zarowno dla miasta, jak i prywatnych odbiorcow. The text discusses the installation of gas lighting in the urban space of Lviv, together with the construction and later modernisations of the city’s gasworks. The history of gas industry in Lviv is characterised by social and economic phenomena similar to those of other Austro-Hungarian and German cities (conflicts between the in...
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, 2021
The text discusses the circumstances of development and use of urban public transport in Lviv. Th... more The text discusses the circumstances of development and use of urban public transport in Lviv. The issue is presented against a broader context of the social and economic policy of the municipal self-government and the conditions in which various infrastructural projects were implemented in Galicia. In 1879, the city issued a permit for the creation of a horse-drawn tram network to the Trieste Tramway Society (Società Triestina Tramway). The investor, however, was reluctant to further develop the original routes. Therefore, the self-government decided to commission the construction of electric tramway to the company Siemens & Halske. The project proved so successful that the city eventually decided to buy the tramway and operate it on its own. Despite competition from omnibus and horse-drawn tram services, the electric tramway became the most popular means of public transport in Lviv after the expansion of the network in the years 1906–1910. The use of electricity as a source of power proved that Galicia did not lag behind other large cities of the monarchy in terms of innovation and adoption of cuttingedge infrastructural solutions.
The text aims to show the evolution of the buildings of Lviv municipal public utilities, from the... more The text aims to show the evolution of the buildings of Lviv municipal public utilities, from the launch of the first such complex - a gasworks (1858) until the outbreak of World War I. Based on the preserved design documentation, iconographic materials, as well as preserved remains of industrial complex buildings, the materials and constructions used, as well as the architectural forms used in the projects were analyzed. By the end of the 19th century, the municipal selfgovernment entrusted the implementation of the necessary municipal infrastructure to private investors, in exchange for which it granted them a monopoly on gas supply and transport services. Complexes built during this period (gasworks, horse and electric tram) were of a small scale and resulted from the need to reduce construction costs. That is why cheap building materials and techniques as well as modest architectural forms were used. From the end of the 19th century we can observe a significant change in terms of the scale of the complexes being built (modernization of the gasworks, municipal slaughterhouse in Gabrielivka, power plant in Persenkivka), the materials and structures used (iron, reinforced concrete) and the increasingly sumptuous architectural forms. This was the result of the municipal selfgovernment undertaking the effort to build these plants and, as a consequence, expressing their aspiration for modernity through their architecture
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, 2018
The text discusses the installation of gas lighting in the urban space of Lviv, together with the... more The text discusses the installation of gas lighting in the urban space of Lviv, together with the construction and later modernisations of the city’s gasworks. The history of gas industry in Lviv is characterised by social and economic phenomena similar to those of other Austro-Hungarian and German cities (conflicts between the investor, municipal government, and gas consumers, communalisation of the gasworks). What distinguishes the gas supply system of Lviv from those of other cities was the use of non-standard resources to gas production (wood, and then petroleum oils), and a relatively late rise in production (after 1898), resulting from the increased availability of gas to both the city, and private users
Tradycje i perspektwy rozwoju kultury uzdrowiskowej w Iwoniczu-Zdroju w kontekście europejskim, 2018
Water-cures were a very important part of medical treatments prescribed by Physicians and commonl... more Water-cures were a very important part of medical treatments prescribed by Physicians and commonly used by people in premodern era. In this regard, since 19th century many publications which contain the detailed descriptions and analyzes of water treatment practices has been published. Theories related to the therapeutic use of extraordinary spa facilities were popularized by Italian Physicians since the 12th century. From the early 16th century, water-cures principles and practices were also popularized in Central Europe. This article aims to analyze and interpret the information contained in the sources mentioned by Halina Kowalenko. They concern the description of unusual properties and therapeutic use of mineral waters in Iwonicz. Among them should be mentioned unpreserved manuscript of Przemyśl Physician Jan Sechini (1630), the description published by Jesuit Friar Wojciech Tylkowski (1682), another descriptions published by French Physician Jean-Battiste Denis (1684, 1687), and a few minor mentions about Iwonicz Spa. These texts confronted with medical knowledge in the field of balneology, allow to partially reconstruct the image of the water treatments done in the 17th century in the Iwonicz Spa.
The article discusses the mid-nineteenth-century introduction of gas production technology by the... more The article discusses the mid-nineteenth-century introduction of gas production technology by the Deutsche Continental-Gas-Gesellschaft to the emerging cities in the area of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, namely Warsaw, Lviv, and Kraków. During the 1870s and 1880s, the local governments of Kraków and Lviv, dominated by Polish influences, sought to portray themselves as agents of modernization. Consequently, the arrival of a German investors implementing unfamiliar gas production technology was unwelcome. This resulted in the takeover (in Lviv) or buyout (in Kraków) of the gasworks in operation. In contrast, Warsaw, under the administration of Russia, reached an agreement with the concessionaire. Modernization of the gas industry in these cities commenced in the late nineteenth century, with management falling under both municipal (Kraków and Lviv) and private (Warsaw) entities. This allowed for the expansion of the gasworks and a subsequent increase in gas consumption, as facilitated by the reduction in the product’s price. However, Kraków and Lviv managed to present themselves as the architects of this favorable situation. Meanwhile, the authorities in Warsaw permitted the Dessau company to operate within the city, which engendered discontent among the Polish intelligentsia in the early twentieth century. In Germany and the Habsburg monarchy, it was customary for cities to municipalize their gasworks, with the profits channeled back into city budgets. This aspect of urban modernity, as it was perceived at the time, was absent in Warsaw.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, 2022
W artykule omówiono okoliczności wdrażania i użytkowania masowych środków transportu miejskiego w... more W artykule omówiono okoliczności wdrażania i użytkowania masowych środków transportu miejskiego we Lwowie. Problematyka została ukazana w szerszym kontekście polityki gospodarczej i społecznej samorządu miejskiego oraz warunków realizacji inwestycji w Galicji. W 1879 r. miasto zdecydowało się na zlecenie wykonania tramwaju konnego Triesteńskiemu Towarzystwu Tramwajowemu. Inwestor nie był jednak skłonny do rozbudowania wykonanych linii, dlatego samorząd miejski postanowił zlecić wykonanie tramwaju elektrycznego firmie Siemens & Halske. Inwestycja okazała się na tyle udana, że miasto wykupiło tramwaj elektryczny i zdecydowało się go użytkować we własnym zarządzie. Pomimo konkurencji omnibusu i tramwaju konnego, tramwaj elektryczny – po rozbudowaniu linii w latach 1906–1910 – stał się podstawowym środkiem transportu w mieście. Innowacyjność użytego napędu świadczy, że stolica Galicji nie odstawała w zakresie stosowania nowoczesnych rozwiązań infrastrukturalnych od innych wielkich miast...
Tekst omawia proces instalowania w przestrzeni miejskiej Lwowa oświetlenia gazowego oraz budowe i... more Tekst omawia proces instalowania w przestrzeni miejskiej Lwowa oświetlenia gazowego oraz budowe i poźniejsze modernizacje gazowni. Historie przemyslu gazowniczego we Lwowie charakteryzują podobne zjawiska spoleczne i gospodarcze jak w przypadku innych miast austro-wegierskich i niemieckich (konflikty inwestora z miejskim samorządem i odbiorcami gazu, komunalizacja gazowni). Lwowskie gazownictwo na tle innych miast wyroznia uzycie nietypowych surowcow do produkcji gazu (drewna, a poźniej olejow naftowych) oraz stosunkowo poźno wystepujący wzrost produkcji (po 1898 r.), bedący skutkiem wiekszej dostepności gazu zarowno dla miasta, jak i prywatnych odbiorcow. The text discusses the installation of gas lighting in the urban space of Lviv, together with the construction and later modernisations of the city’s gasworks. The history of gas industry in Lviv is characterised by social and economic phenomena similar to those of other Austro-Hungarian and German cities (conflicts between the in...
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, 2021
The text discusses the circumstances of development and use of urban public transport in Lviv. Th... more The text discusses the circumstances of development and use of urban public transport in Lviv. The issue is presented against a broader context of the social and economic policy of the municipal self-government and the conditions in which various infrastructural projects were implemented in Galicia. In 1879, the city issued a permit for the creation of a horse-drawn tram network to the Trieste Tramway Society (Società Triestina Tramway). The investor, however, was reluctant to further develop the original routes. Therefore, the self-government decided to commission the construction of electric tramway to the company Siemens & Halske. The project proved so successful that the city eventually decided to buy the tramway and operate it on its own. Despite competition from omnibus and horse-drawn tram services, the electric tramway became the most popular means of public transport in Lviv after the expansion of the network in the years 1906–1910. The use of electricity as a source of power proved that Galicia did not lag behind other large cities of the monarchy in terms of innovation and adoption of cuttingedge infrastructural solutions.
The text aims to show the evolution of the buildings of Lviv municipal public utilities, from the... more The text aims to show the evolution of the buildings of Lviv municipal public utilities, from the launch of the first such complex - a gasworks (1858) until the outbreak of World War I. Based on the preserved design documentation, iconographic materials, as well as preserved remains of industrial complex buildings, the materials and constructions used, as well as the architectural forms used in the projects were analyzed. By the end of the 19th century, the municipal selfgovernment entrusted the implementation of the necessary municipal infrastructure to private investors, in exchange for which it granted them a monopoly on gas supply and transport services. Complexes built during this period (gasworks, horse and electric tram) were of a small scale and resulted from the need to reduce construction costs. That is why cheap building materials and techniques as well as modest architectural forms were used. From the end of the 19th century we can observe a significant change in terms of the scale of the complexes being built (modernization of the gasworks, municipal slaughterhouse in Gabrielivka, power plant in Persenkivka), the materials and structures used (iron, reinforced concrete) and the increasingly sumptuous architectural forms. This was the result of the municipal selfgovernment undertaking the effort to build these plants and, as a consequence, expressing their aspiration for modernity through their architecture
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych, 2018
The text discusses the installation of gas lighting in the urban space of Lviv, together with the... more The text discusses the installation of gas lighting in the urban space of Lviv, together with the construction and later modernisations of the city’s gasworks. The history of gas industry in Lviv is characterised by social and economic phenomena similar to those of other Austro-Hungarian and German cities (conflicts between the investor, municipal government, and gas consumers, communalisation of the gasworks). What distinguishes the gas supply system of Lviv from those of other cities was the use of non-standard resources to gas production (wood, and then petroleum oils), and a relatively late rise in production (after 1898), resulting from the increased availability of gas to both the city, and private users
Tradycje i perspektwy rozwoju kultury uzdrowiskowej w Iwoniczu-Zdroju w kontekście europejskim, 2018
Water-cures were a very important part of medical treatments prescribed by Physicians and commonl... more Water-cures were a very important part of medical treatments prescribed by Physicians and commonly used by people in premodern era. In this regard, since 19th century many publications which contain the detailed descriptions and analyzes of water treatment practices has been published. Theories related to the therapeutic use of extraordinary spa facilities were popularized by Italian Physicians since the 12th century. From the early 16th century, water-cures principles and practices were also popularized in Central Europe. This article aims to analyze and interpret the information contained in the sources mentioned by Halina Kowalenko. They concern the description of unusual properties and therapeutic use of mineral waters in Iwonicz. Among them should be mentioned unpreserved manuscript of Przemyśl Physician Jan Sechini (1630), the description published by Jesuit Friar Wojciech Tylkowski (1682), another descriptions published by French Physician Jean-Battiste Denis (1684, 1687), and a few minor mentions about Iwonicz Spa. These texts confronted with medical knowledge in the field of balneology, allow to partially reconstruct the image of the water treatments done in the 17th century in the Iwonicz Spa.
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1870s and 1880s, the local governments of Kraków and Lviv, dominated by Polish influences, sought to portray themselves as agents of modernization. Consequently, the arrival of a German investors implementing unfamiliar gas production technology was unwelcome.
This resulted in the takeover (in Lviv) or buyout (in Kraków) of the gasworks in operation. In contrast, Warsaw, under the administration of Russia, reached an agreement with the concessionaire. Modernization of the gas industry in these cities commenced in the late nineteenth century, with management falling under both municipal (Kraków and Lviv) and private (Warsaw) entities. This allowed for the expansion of the gasworks and a subsequent increase in gas consumption, as facilitated by the reduction in the product’s price. However, Kraków and Lviv managed to present themselves as the architects of this favorable situation.
Meanwhile, the authorities in Warsaw permitted the Dessau company to operate within the city, which engendered discontent among the Polish intelligentsia in the early twentieth century. In Germany and the Habsburg monarchy, it was customary for cities to municipalize their gasworks, with the profits channeled back into city budgets. This aspect of urban modernity, as it was perceived at the time, was absent in Warsaw.
Kowalenko. They concern the description of unusual properties and therapeutic use of mineral waters in Iwonicz. Among them should be mentioned unpreserved manuscript of Przemyśl Physician Jan Sechini (1630), the description published by Jesuit Friar Wojciech Tylkowski (1682), another descriptions published by French Physician Jean-Battiste Denis (1684, 1687), and a few minor mentions about Iwonicz Spa. These texts confronted with medical knowledge in the field of balneology, allow to partially reconstruct the image of the water treatments
done in the 17th century in the Iwonicz Spa.
1870s and 1880s, the local governments of Kraków and Lviv, dominated by Polish influences, sought to portray themselves as agents of modernization. Consequently, the arrival of a German investors implementing unfamiliar gas production technology was unwelcome.
This resulted in the takeover (in Lviv) or buyout (in Kraków) of the gasworks in operation. In contrast, Warsaw, under the administration of Russia, reached an agreement with the concessionaire. Modernization of the gas industry in these cities commenced in the late nineteenth century, with management falling under both municipal (Kraków and Lviv) and private (Warsaw) entities. This allowed for the expansion of the gasworks and a subsequent increase in gas consumption, as facilitated by the reduction in the product’s price. However, Kraków and Lviv managed to present themselves as the architects of this favorable situation.
Meanwhile, the authorities in Warsaw permitted the Dessau company to operate within the city, which engendered discontent among the Polish intelligentsia in the early twentieth century. In Germany and the Habsburg monarchy, it was customary for cities to municipalize their gasworks, with the profits channeled back into city budgets. This aspect of urban modernity, as it was perceived at the time, was absent in Warsaw.
Kowalenko. They concern the description of unusual properties and therapeutic use of mineral waters in Iwonicz. Among them should be mentioned unpreserved manuscript of Przemyśl Physician Jan Sechini (1630), the description published by Jesuit Friar Wojciech Tylkowski (1682), another descriptions published by French Physician Jean-Battiste Denis (1684, 1687), and a few minor mentions about Iwonicz Spa. These texts confronted with medical knowledge in the field of balneology, allow to partially reconstruct the image of the water treatments
done in the 17th century in the Iwonicz Spa.