I am a Professor of Public Health in Reproductive Health and working at Federal Ministry of health in Ethiopia as a senior Technical Advisor Supervisors: Prof. Alemayehu Worku Professor of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, AAU, Ethiopia. Telephone: +251-911 40 56 52 (Mobile) Email: alemayehuwy@yahoo.com Phone: 0911076012 Address: Addis Ababa, Nifas silk lafto sub-city
Article Information Workplace violence in the health sector is a worldwide concern with healthcar... more Article Information Workplace violence in the health sector is a worldwide concern with healthcare workers being at high risk of being victims. Workplace violence appears to be an unrecognized issue in many developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of workplace violence against healthcare workers in public hospitals of East Shoa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A hospital based cross-sectional study was from March to August, 2018. About 261 healthcare workers were selected from four Public hospitals. Data was collected using selfadministered questionnaire. The collected data was double-entered into EPI-INFO version 3.3.1 and exported into SPSS version 21 for analysis. It was principally analysed using logistic regression models. The prevalence of workplace violence among healthcare workers was 70.2%. Physical violence accounted for 22.5%, verbal abuse for 65.1% and sexual abuse for 4.1%.
Background: Globally, about 600,000 women die yearly as a result of pregnancy-related causes. Acc... more Background: Globally, about 600,000 women die yearly as a result of pregnancy-related causes. Access to contraceptive health education has been described as one of the crucial interventions to confront maternal mortality. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these interventions has not been systematically reviewed. Objective: To access the effectiveness of health education intervention methods to improve contraceptive knowledge, attitude, and uptake among reproductive age group women. Methods: This systematic review was conducted under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines through a systematic literature search of articles published between 2010 and 2022 comprising information on the effects of health education on contraceptive knowledge, attitude, attitude, and utilization among the reproductive age group of women. The most known bibliographic databases and libraries: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library were used. Result: Eleven quasi-experimental studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the review. In a random effects model, the pooled estimate of the health education effect became 0.15 (95% CI = 0.104-0.206) at a P value of .001, and the pooled confidence intervals of the combined estimate of effect size occur on the positive side of zero. Therefore, contraceptive health education has a statistically significant positive effect on the contraceptive outcome despite variation between interventional and control groups. Conclusion and recommendation: This review found that interactive communication supported by various health education delivery methods like brochures, booklets, peer educators, and the use of different behavioral change theories are more effective than the one-way and routine counseling of the family planning (FP) health education approach.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the association between maternal intimate partner violence... more Objective: This study aimed to compare the association between maternal intimate partner violence and under-five mortality. Methods: Matched case-control study was conducted from May to June 2011. A sample of 286 cases and 572 controls were randomly selected from East Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia. Results: Among cases, 72.7% ever experienced controlling behaviors when compared to 62.4% for controls. All forms of maternal intimate partner violence were experienced by 61.9% of cases and 50.9% of controls. Controlling behavior in marriage and experiences of all forms of intimate partner violence during lifetime were more than four [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-18.89), and two (AOR ¼ 2.55, 95% CI 1.66-3.92) times as likely to be associated with under-five mortality. Conclusion: Maternal intimate partner violence victimization is strongly associated with under-five mortality. Involving men in maternal and child health programs could be one strategy to address the issue of intimate partner violence against women.
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, Aug 3, 2021
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in developing countries. In l... more BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in developing countries. In less developed countries, including Ethiopia, most women who develop cervical cancer live in rural areas. However, exact data on the prevalence of the disease is lacking.
Background Premarital sexual practice is sexual intercourse performed before formal marriage. Pre... more Background Premarital sexual practice is sexual intercourse performed before formal marriage. Pre-marital sexual practice increases adolescents’ risk for having multiple sexual partners, (sexually transmitted disease) STDs, and unintended pregnancy. Objective The study aimed to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among secondary school (9–12 grade) students in the Jima Arjo district. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among adolescent students from May 1st to 15th using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. The collected data was cleaned and entered into(statistical package for social science) SPSS version 20. Factors associated with the pre-marital sexual practice were identified by multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The over all premarital sexual practice in this study area was 24.4%. Being alcoholdrinker(AOR[...
Objective: Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, incl... more Objective: Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Studies revealed that the extent of stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia is well studied, but there is a scarcity of data among school-age children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school-age children in the Mulo district, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 606 school-age children (5–14 years) in Mulo district, Central Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 July 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2.2.16 software and analyzed using SPSS version 21 and World Health Organization AnthroPlus software. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariable statistical methods were employed to assess stunting and its associated factors. Statistical significant association was declared at a p value...
Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, including Ethio... more Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Studies revealed that the extent of stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia is well studied, but there is a scarcity of data among school-age children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school-age children in the Mulo district, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 606 school-age children (5-14 years) in Mulo district, Central Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 July 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2.2.16 software and analyzed using SPSS version 21 and World Health Organization AnthroPlus software. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariable statistical methods were employed to assess stunting and its associated factors. Statistical significant association was declared at a p value of <0.05. Result: In this study, prevalence of stunting among school-age children was 42.4%. Of which, 144 (23.76%) were males and 113 (18.65%) were females. Age group between 10 and 14 years old, (adjusted odds ratio = 1.896, 95% confidence interval: 1.328-2.708), male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.688, 95% confidence interval: 1.892-3.821), increased family size (adjusted odds ratio = 1.711, 95% confidence interval: 1.191-2.458), absence of latrine in the compound (adjusted odds ratio = 2.541, 95% confidence interval: 1.711-3.773), and consuming less than three times per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.375-5.223) were factors significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of stunting among school-age children was high. Age, sex, family size, availability of latrine, and meal frequency were factors significantly associated with stunting. Therefore, interventional educations on the importance of timely feeding, a balanced diet, family planning, environmental sanitation, and personal hygiene should be given for the parents/caregivers. In addition, analytic studies are recommended to further assess the causes of stunting among the school-age children in the area.
Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected... more Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion: The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.
Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected... more Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion: The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.
Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected... more Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion: The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.
Background Advocating for and promoting contraception use is critical in reducing mother and chil... more Background Advocating for and promoting contraception use is critical in reducing mother and child morbidity and mortality. Early Implanon discontinuation may result in unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. Although there has been research in Ethiopia on long-acting reversible contraceptives, there has been none on early Implanon removal among rural women who have used and removed it. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of Implanon discontinuation and related characteristics among women who had the Implanon removed in central Ethiopian public health facilities. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among all women of the reproductive age group who had removed Implanon after using it. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 373 women after proportional allocation to each health facility. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Data were ente...
Probing client satisfaction for the hospital service being given is an important tool to improve ... more Probing client satisfaction for the hospital service being given is an important tool to improve the quality of health care and patient health. How-ever; there has been little emphasis and no systematic way of evidence generation of the views of those using the out-patient clinic in our set-ups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the client’s satisfaction and factors affecting it at the out-patient clinic of Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. A crossectional study design was conducted and 422 outpatient clients were selected by systematic random sampling for an exit interview. The client satisfaction was sub-optimal at certain OPD service areas, for-instance, only 65% and 69% of the OPD clients were satisfied with the availability of the prescribed drugs and the requested laboratory tests respectively. Only 47.4%, of the clients were satisfied with the availability of signs towards the OPD and 58.4% were satisfied at the record room, to get their folders. Clien...
International Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care, 2021
Objectives: Assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual coercion at first sexual debut... more Objectives: Assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual coercion at first sexual debut among young females in rural areas of Boset district, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A sample of 632 young females aged 10-24 years was taken from six rural Kebeles by systematic random sampling for quantitative and data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Principally Binary Logistic regression model was fitted. Moreover, eight focus group discussions targeting different groups were held and analyzed thematically. Results: Prevalence of sexual coercion at first sexual debut was 36.5% (95%CI: 34.6%-38.4%) among sexually active respondents. Married young female (AOR,0.71;95%CI: 0.42,0.81), living away from their parents (AOR,5.07;95%CI:1.07,24.01), age group of 15-19 (AOR,0.19; 95%CI:0.06,0.54), alc...
Introduction: Globally, more than half a million women die annually because of pregnancy and chil... more Introduction: Globally, more than half a million women die annually because of pregnancy and childbirth related complication. In Africa, the maternal mortality is still 540 per 100, 000 live births, it accounts for 64% of maternal deaths. Ethiopia has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios that are 412 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Mistreatment during childbirth eventually contributes toward maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the magnitude of mistreatment and associated factors among delivering mothers in Dodotadistrict public health facility, Oromiya region, Arsi zone, Southeast, Ethiopia, from January 1 uptoFebruary28, 2021. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed using quantitative data collection methods. Study participant were selected through systematic random sampling. Semi structure and pretested questioner was used to collect data from study participant. The collected data was entered into EpiI...
In Ethiopia, the HIV epidemic has remained a major public health problem, mainly affecting people... more In Ethiopia, the HIV epidemic has remained a major public health problem, mainly affecting people of prime productive and reproductive age. Retention in care and adherence to the treatment is very important for the success of the program while the treatment is being scaled up. No national or regional study gives information on opinion of the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) service providers. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the perception and opinion of the service providers on status of ART adherences, lost to follow up and associated factors. A total of 14 In-depth Interviews was conducted between February to April, 2015. Interviewees were purposefully selected from the health institutions providing ART services in Oromia Region. The analyses followed the procedure for qualitative thematic analysis using OpenCode qualitative software. Three themes (current statuses of ART adherences and Lost to follow up, reasons for poor adherences to ART and lost from the treatment, and sugges...
Background: Lower back pain is a very common health problem worldwide and a major cause of disabi... more Background: Lower back pain is a very common health problem worldwide and a major cause of disability affecting performance at work and general well-being. Lower back pain affects people of all ages, from children to the elderly, and is a very frequent reason for medical consultations. Studying the risk factors for the development of low back pain will help in reducing the occurrence of back pain. The aim of this study is to assess factors associated with lower back pain among clients from selected health institutions in Adama town, Oromia region, Ethiopia, from Feb to March 2018. Methods: A case-control study design was employed. This study was conducted in selected health institutions of Adama town. The sample size comprised 150 cases and 150 controls. Data were collected by trained data collectors using interview-administered questionnaire. The collected data was cleaned and entered into Epiinfo version 7, exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20. In the analysis process, the ...
Background Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the ... more Background Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the means to tackle the transmission of the virus. However, reluctance to implement the recommended preventive measures has been reported to be a major problem everywhere including Oromia Regional State. Purpose This research was aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in the study area. Participants and methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample of 2751 adults aged ≥ 18 years were used for the quantitative study. Also, 20 FGDs and 30 KIIs were conducted in the qualitative approach. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. The qualitative data were entered into NVivo version 12 for its organization. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was c...
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of focused family planning counseling (FFPC)... more The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of focused family planning counseling (FFPC) in increasing postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) uptake among mothers who gave birth in the public health facilities of the towns of Adama and Olenchiti from April 1 to May 30, 2017. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed, taking a sample of 726 postpartum mothers: 484 in the non-intervention group (NIG) and 242 in the intervention group (IG). Focused family planning counseling was given to the IG using a newly designed cue card adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and developed based on the constructs of the health belief model. Counseling based on a routine counseling approach was given to the NIG. The interviewer administered a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study participants. The difference in the proportion of PPIUCD uptake in the two groups was tested using an independent Z-test at an alpha level of 0.05. Binary logistics regression was used to identify factors associated with the odds of taking IUCD. The significance of association was declared for P-values less than 0.05. Results: The proportion of PPIUCD uptake in the IG [12.4%; 95% CI: 8.6, 17.4] was significantly higher than in the NIG [4.8%; 95% CI: 2.9, 6.7] with a P-value = 0.000. The odds of IUCD uptake among the IG was about 6 times higher (AOR: 5.92; 95% CI: 2.79, 12.60) than in the NIG. In addition, being unmarried women (AOR: 12.96; 95% CI: 4.30, 34.56), having higher education (AOR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.13, 8.36), grand multiparity (AOR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.58, 8.95), making a mutual decision (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.38) and having a better knowledge of family planning (AOR: 5.92, 95% CI: 2.79, 12.60) were factors associated with uptake. Conclusion: Providing FFPC immediately increases PPIUCD uptake. The uptake was also associated with marital status, education, parity, decision and knowledge on family planning.
Article Information Workplace violence in the health sector is a worldwide concern with healthcar... more Article Information Workplace violence in the health sector is a worldwide concern with healthcare workers being at high risk of being victims. Workplace violence appears to be an unrecognized issue in many developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of workplace violence against healthcare workers in public hospitals of East Shoa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. A hospital based cross-sectional study was from March to August, 2018. About 261 healthcare workers were selected from four Public hospitals. Data was collected using selfadministered questionnaire. The collected data was double-entered into EPI-INFO version 3.3.1 and exported into SPSS version 21 for analysis. It was principally analysed using logistic regression models. The prevalence of workplace violence among healthcare workers was 70.2%. Physical violence accounted for 22.5%, verbal abuse for 65.1% and sexual abuse for 4.1%.
Background: Globally, about 600,000 women die yearly as a result of pregnancy-related causes. Acc... more Background: Globally, about 600,000 women die yearly as a result of pregnancy-related causes. Access to contraceptive health education has been described as one of the crucial interventions to confront maternal mortality. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these interventions has not been systematically reviewed. Objective: To access the effectiveness of health education intervention methods to improve contraceptive knowledge, attitude, and uptake among reproductive age group women. Methods: This systematic review was conducted under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines through a systematic literature search of articles published between 2010 and 2022 comprising information on the effects of health education on contraceptive knowledge, attitude, attitude, and utilization among the reproductive age group of women. The most known bibliographic databases and libraries: PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library were used. Result: Eleven quasi-experimental studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the review. In a random effects model, the pooled estimate of the health education effect became 0.15 (95% CI = 0.104-0.206) at a P value of .001, and the pooled confidence intervals of the combined estimate of effect size occur on the positive side of zero. Therefore, contraceptive health education has a statistically significant positive effect on the contraceptive outcome despite variation between interventional and control groups. Conclusion and recommendation: This review found that interactive communication supported by various health education delivery methods like brochures, booklets, peer educators, and the use of different behavioral change theories are more effective than the one-way and routine counseling of the family planning (FP) health education approach.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the association between maternal intimate partner violence... more Objective: This study aimed to compare the association between maternal intimate partner violence and under-five mortality. Methods: Matched case-control study was conducted from May to June 2011. A sample of 286 cases and 572 controls were randomly selected from East Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia. Results: Among cases, 72.7% ever experienced controlling behaviors when compared to 62.4% for controls. All forms of maternal intimate partner violence were experienced by 61.9% of cases and 50.9% of controls. Controlling behavior in marriage and experiences of all forms of intimate partner violence during lifetime were more than four [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-18.89), and two (AOR ¼ 2.55, 95% CI 1.66-3.92) times as likely to be associated with under-five mortality. Conclusion: Maternal intimate partner violence victimization is strongly associated with under-five mortality. Involving men in maternal and child health programs could be one strategy to address the issue of intimate partner violence against women.
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, Aug 3, 2021
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in developing countries. In l... more BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in developing countries. In less developed countries, including Ethiopia, most women who develop cervical cancer live in rural areas. However, exact data on the prevalence of the disease is lacking.
Background Premarital sexual practice is sexual intercourse performed before formal marriage. Pre... more Background Premarital sexual practice is sexual intercourse performed before formal marriage. Pre-marital sexual practice increases adolescents’ risk for having multiple sexual partners, (sexually transmitted disease) STDs, and unintended pregnancy. Objective The study aimed to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among secondary school (9–12 grade) students in the Jima Arjo district. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among adolescent students from May 1st to 15th using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. The collected data was cleaned and entered into(statistical package for social science) SPSS version 20. Factors associated with the pre-marital sexual practice were identified by multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The over all premarital sexual practice in this study area was 24.4%. Being alcoholdrinker(AOR[...
Objective: Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, incl... more Objective: Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Studies revealed that the extent of stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia is well studied, but there is a scarcity of data among school-age children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school-age children in the Mulo district, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 606 school-age children (5–14 years) in Mulo district, Central Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 July 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2.2.16 software and analyzed using SPSS version 21 and World Health Organization AnthroPlus software. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariable statistical methods were employed to assess stunting and its associated factors. Statistical significant association was declared at a p value...
Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, including Ethio... more Stunting continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Studies revealed that the extent of stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia is well studied, but there is a scarcity of data among school-age children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school-age children in the Mulo district, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 606 school-age children (5-14 years) in Mulo district, Central Ethiopia, from 1 to 30 July 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2.2.16 software and analyzed using SPSS version 21 and World Health Organization AnthroPlus software. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariable statistical methods were employed to assess stunting and its associated factors. Statistical significant association was declared at a p value of <0.05. Result: In this study, prevalence of stunting among school-age children was 42.4%. Of which, 144 (23.76%) were males and 113 (18.65%) were females. Age group between 10 and 14 years old, (adjusted odds ratio = 1.896, 95% confidence interval: 1.328-2.708), male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.688, 95% confidence interval: 1.892-3.821), increased family size (adjusted odds ratio = 1.711, 95% confidence interval: 1.191-2.458), absence of latrine in the compound (adjusted odds ratio = 2.541, 95% confidence interval: 1.711-3.773), and consuming less than three times per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.375-5.223) were factors significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of stunting among school-age children was high. Age, sex, family size, availability of latrine, and meal frequency were factors significantly associated with stunting. Therefore, interventional educations on the importance of timely feeding, a balanced diet, family planning, environmental sanitation, and personal hygiene should be given for the parents/caregivers. In addition, analytic studies are recommended to further assess the causes of stunting among the school-age children in the area.
Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected... more Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion: The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.
Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected... more Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion: The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.
Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected... more Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed, taking a sample of 854 patients selected from eight treatment centers in the region. The follow-up duration was the time interval from admission to the treatment center until the final disposition of patients at discharge (death, recovery, or failed to recover). Data were collected by computer tablet with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist designed using CSPro 7.5 and exported to Stata 13 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to explore the characteristics of patients. The mortality rate was estimated by number of deaths per 1,000 person-days of observation. The survival duration was estimated by medians with IQR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival experiences of patients. To identify the predictors of time to death after hospitalization, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used. The magnitude of association was estimated using HRs with 95% CIs, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mortality rate among hospitalized patients was 9.9 per 1,000 person-days of observation and the median survival time after admission was 9 (IQR 9-10) days. Higher hazard of death was observed among patients who drank alcohol (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), required anticoagulants (AHR 10, 95% CI 1.2-91.5), glucocorticoids (AHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and oxygen (AHR 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-22.0), those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (AHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7-5.1), and critical patients admitted to intensive care units (AHR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-5.9). Conclusion: The hazard of death is significantly predicted by alcohol use, requiring anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, or oxygen medication, acute respiratory distress syndrome complication, and being critical when admitted to intensive care units.
Background Advocating for and promoting contraception use is critical in reducing mother and chil... more Background Advocating for and promoting contraception use is critical in reducing mother and child morbidity and mortality. Early Implanon discontinuation may result in unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. Although there has been research in Ethiopia on long-acting reversible contraceptives, there has been none on early Implanon removal among rural women who have used and removed it. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of Implanon discontinuation and related characteristics among women who had the Implanon removed in central Ethiopian public health facilities. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among all women of the reproductive age group who had removed Implanon after using it. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 373 women after proportional allocation to each health facility. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Data were ente...
Probing client satisfaction for the hospital service being given is an important tool to improve ... more Probing client satisfaction for the hospital service being given is an important tool to improve the quality of health care and patient health. How-ever; there has been little emphasis and no systematic way of evidence generation of the views of those using the out-patient clinic in our set-ups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the client’s satisfaction and factors affecting it at the out-patient clinic of Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia. A crossectional study design was conducted and 422 outpatient clients were selected by systematic random sampling for an exit interview. The client satisfaction was sub-optimal at certain OPD service areas, for-instance, only 65% and 69% of the OPD clients were satisfied with the availability of the prescribed drugs and the requested laboratory tests respectively. Only 47.4%, of the clients were satisfied with the availability of signs towards the OPD and 58.4% were satisfied at the record room, to get their folders. Clien...
International Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care, 2021
Objectives: Assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual coercion at first sexual debut... more Objectives: Assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual coercion at first sexual debut among young females in rural areas of Boset district, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A sample of 632 young females aged 10-24 years was taken from six rural Kebeles by systematic random sampling for quantitative and data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Principally Binary Logistic regression model was fitted. Moreover, eight focus group discussions targeting different groups were held and analyzed thematically. Results: Prevalence of sexual coercion at first sexual debut was 36.5% (95%CI: 34.6%-38.4%) among sexually active respondents. Married young female (AOR,0.71;95%CI: 0.42,0.81), living away from their parents (AOR,5.07;95%CI:1.07,24.01), age group of 15-19 (AOR,0.19; 95%CI:0.06,0.54), alc...
Introduction: Globally, more than half a million women die annually because of pregnancy and chil... more Introduction: Globally, more than half a million women die annually because of pregnancy and childbirth related complication. In Africa, the maternal mortality is still 540 per 100, 000 live births, it accounts for 64% of maternal deaths. Ethiopia has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios that are 412 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Mistreatment during childbirth eventually contributes toward maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the magnitude of mistreatment and associated factors among delivering mothers in Dodotadistrict public health facility, Oromiya region, Arsi zone, Southeast, Ethiopia, from January 1 uptoFebruary28, 2021. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed using quantitative data collection methods. Study participant were selected through systematic random sampling. Semi structure and pretested questioner was used to collect data from study participant. The collected data was entered into EpiI...
In Ethiopia, the HIV epidemic has remained a major public health problem, mainly affecting people... more In Ethiopia, the HIV epidemic has remained a major public health problem, mainly affecting people of prime productive and reproductive age. Retention in care and adherence to the treatment is very important for the success of the program while the treatment is being scaled up. No national or regional study gives information on opinion of the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) service providers. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the perception and opinion of the service providers on status of ART adherences, lost to follow up and associated factors. A total of 14 In-depth Interviews was conducted between February to April, 2015. Interviewees were purposefully selected from the health institutions providing ART services in Oromia Region. The analyses followed the procedure for qualitative thematic analysis using OpenCode qualitative software. Three themes (current statuses of ART adherences and Lost to follow up, reasons for poor adherences to ART and lost from the treatment, and sugges...
Background: Lower back pain is a very common health problem worldwide and a major cause of disabi... more Background: Lower back pain is a very common health problem worldwide and a major cause of disability affecting performance at work and general well-being. Lower back pain affects people of all ages, from children to the elderly, and is a very frequent reason for medical consultations. Studying the risk factors for the development of low back pain will help in reducing the occurrence of back pain. The aim of this study is to assess factors associated with lower back pain among clients from selected health institutions in Adama town, Oromia region, Ethiopia, from Feb to March 2018. Methods: A case-control study design was employed. This study was conducted in selected health institutions of Adama town. The sample size comprised 150 cases and 150 controls. Data were collected by trained data collectors using interview-administered questionnaire. The collected data was cleaned and entered into Epiinfo version 7, exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20. In the analysis process, the ...
Background Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the ... more Background Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the means to tackle the transmission of the virus. However, reluctance to implement the recommended preventive measures has been reported to be a major problem everywhere including Oromia Regional State. Purpose This research was aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in the study area. Participants and methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample of 2751 adults aged ≥ 18 years were used for the quantitative study. Also, 20 FGDs and 30 KIIs were conducted in the qualitative approach. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. The qualitative data were entered into NVivo version 12 for its organization. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was c...
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of focused family planning counseling (FFPC)... more The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of focused family planning counseling (FFPC) in increasing postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) uptake among mothers who gave birth in the public health facilities of the towns of Adama and Olenchiti from April 1 to May 30, 2017. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed, taking a sample of 726 postpartum mothers: 484 in the non-intervention group (NIG) and 242 in the intervention group (IG). Focused family planning counseling was given to the IG using a newly designed cue card adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and developed based on the constructs of the health belief model. Counseling based on a routine counseling approach was given to the NIG. The interviewer administered a semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study participants. The difference in the proportion of PPIUCD uptake in the two groups was tested using an independent Z-test at an alpha level of 0.05. Binary logistics regression was used to identify factors associated with the odds of taking IUCD. The significance of association was declared for P-values less than 0.05. Results: The proportion of PPIUCD uptake in the IG [12.4%; 95% CI: 8.6, 17.4] was significantly higher than in the NIG [4.8%; 95% CI: 2.9, 6.7] with a P-value = 0.000. The odds of IUCD uptake among the IG was about 6 times higher (AOR: 5.92; 95% CI: 2.79, 12.60) than in the NIG. In addition, being unmarried women (AOR: 12.96; 95% CI: 4.30, 34.56), having higher education (AOR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.13, 8.36), grand multiparity (AOR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.58, 8.95), making a mutual decision (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.38) and having a better knowledge of family planning (AOR: 5.92, 95% CI: 2.79, 12.60) were factors associated with uptake. Conclusion: Providing FFPC immediately increases PPIUCD uptake. The uptake was also associated with marital status, education, parity, decision and knowledge on family planning.
International Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2020
Abstract: The magnitude of syphilis infection among pregnant women is increasing worldwide. Syphi... more Abstract: The magnitude of syphilis infection among pregnant women is increasing worldwide. Syphilis infection during pregnancy is a risk of congenital syphilis for the fetus, might result in intrauterine death. The objective this study was to identify the predictors of syphilis infection among pregnant and delivering mother in Olenchity primary hospital from October 2017 to January 2018 G. C. Unmatched case-control study design (61 cases and 244 controls) was conducted among women seeking Antenatal care and delivery services. Cases and controls were selected based according to their of the serology result. Data was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EPI-info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Principally binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals. Education (AOR, 0.381; 95% CI: 0.169, 0.857), knowledge about Sexually transmitted Infections (AOR, 0.244 95% CI: 0.114, 0.522), loss of baby during pregnancy (AOR, 2.275; 95% CI: 1.022, 5.065), multiple sexual partner (AOR, 3.071; 95% CI: 1.220, 7.730), Cigarette smoking (AOR 7.628; 95% CI: 1.714,33.946), Human immune deficiency virus Positives (AOR, 41.145; 95% CI: 2.250, 752.362) were factors significantly associated with syphilis. Factors like having primary and secondary education and knowledgeable about sexually transmitted infections were less likely to have syphilis. However, having the history of multiple sexual partner, cigarette smoking, lose baby during pregnancy, HIV positive were more likely to associate with syphilis infection. These factors should be taken into consideration to prevent or curb the problems syphilis infection. Keywords: Syphilis Infection, Hospital, Olenchity
The preparation of this strategic plan wouldn't have been successful without the continued commit... more The preparation of this strategic plan wouldn't have been successful without the continued commitment of different stakeholders. On behalf of Ministry of Health (MoH), I would like to wholeheartedly extend heartfelt thanks and appreciation to all institutions and individuals who participated in the development of National Health Equity Strategic Plan (2020/21-2024/25). My special recognition and appreciation also goes to the following development partners who provided technical and financial support during the development of this strategic plan, DFID, WHO, UNICEF, Save the Children,
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Papers by Sileshi A Garoma
pregnancy is a risk of congenital syphilis for the fetus, might result in intrauterine death. The objective this study was to
identify the predictors of syphilis infection among pregnant and delivering mother in Olenchity primary hospital from October
2017 to January 2018 G. C. Unmatched case-control study design (61 cases and 244 controls) was conducted among women
seeking Antenatal care and delivery services. Cases and controls were selected based according to their of the serology result.
Data was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EPI-info version 7 and
analyzed using SPSS version 20. Principally binary logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio at 95%
confidence intervals. Education (AOR, 0.381; 95% CI: 0.169, 0.857), knowledge about Sexually transmitted Infections (AOR,
0.244 95% CI: 0.114, 0.522), loss of baby during pregnancy (AOR, 2.275; 95% CI: 1.022, 5.065), multiple sexual partner
(AOR, 3.071; 95% CI: 1.220, 7.730), Cigarette smoking (AOR 7.628; 95% CI: 1.714,33.946), Human immune deficiency
virus Positives (AOR, 41.145; 95% CI: 2.250, 752.362) were factors significantly associated with syphilis. Factors like having
primary and secondary education and knowledgeable about sexually transmitted infections were less likely to have syphilis.
However, having the history of multiple sexual partner, cigarette smoking, lose baby during pregnancy, HIV positive were
more likely to associate with syphilis infection. These factors should be taken into consideration to prevent or curb the
problems syphilis infection.
Keywords: Syphilis Infection, Hospital, Olenchity