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2017, Journal off Higher Education and Research Society
A powerful undercurrent of humanism runs through all the novels of MulkrajAnand"(Krishna Menon in Apology for Heroism). Among the Indo-English Novelists;Mulk Raj Anand is the most conspicuously committed writer. He enjoys the reputation of being a pioneer novelist because of a corpus of creative fiction of sufficient bulk and quality. In the choice of themes, Anand is unquestionably an innovator. He is the first novelist writing in English to choose as his raw material the lower-class life of the Indian masses. The novel 'Untouchable'published in 1935 was his first attempt at novel writing and it proved to be a great success. The theme of the novel is the evils of untouchability commonly prevalent in Indian society. It not only exposes the contempt of the caste Hindu for the poor untouchables but also highlights Anand's sympathy with the underdogs and his humanitarian and reformativezeal. A ray of hope is awakened towards the end of the novel when Bakha listens to the speech of Mahatma Gandhi. It instils him with a confidence that on the surface of the Earth, if not in the depths of the Sky, a change is at hand.
Mulk Raj Anand the eldest of the three great Indian novelists, is regarded as the father of Indo-English literature, the other two being Raja Rao and R.K.Narayan. He was born on December 12, 1905 at Peshawar. He was the greatest exponent of Indian writing in English, whose literary output was infused with a political commitment that conveyed the lives of India " s poor in a realistic and sympathetic manner. He writes realistically in his novels all about the miserable lives of the poor. Anand being a novelist of the common man, has profoundly dealt with the villages, with the extreme poverty, with orphans, untouchables and urban labourers. He took upon himself the task of attacking social snobbery and prejudice. The Indian life that he portrays in his novels is that of outcastes, peasants, soldiers, the depressed and oppressed ones of the society. Anand has, says the noted critic P.K. Singh, great concern for down-trodden people of India and his novels therefore throw light on the existing pains and predicaments of " have-nots ". His novels present minute pictures of Indian society, withspecial focus on the plights of poor people.1 Anand " s early novels deal with the misery and the wretchedness of the crushed and oppressed people and their struggle for a better life. His subsequent novels are almost a variation on the same theme. The present research is an attempt to study how several social issues and aspects are reflected in Mulk Raj Anand " s " Untouchable " .
Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL)
"UNTOUCHABLE" BY MULK RAJ ANAND: A TRUE REPRESENTATIVE OF INDIAN SOCIETY2024 •
Mulk Raj Anand is a legendary and towering personality in the sphere of Indian English Literature. He is well known for realistically portraying his characters because of his firsthand knowledge of the scenes and situations portrayed in his novels. "Untouchable" is a novel that has earned tremendous popularity not only in India but also all over the world. It depicts a true and clear picture of Indian society specifically the condition of the society prior to Indian Independence, where the condition of the untouchable of the subalterns was very pathetic because of their marginalized status. Mulk Raj Anand is popularly known as a novelist of the lowly and the marginalized. He has portrayed the anguish along with the sufferings of the low caste protagonist Bakha in this book, who is the target of constant abuse and humiliation at the hands of the purported protectors of Indian society. The book tells the story of the oppressed in Indian culture, socially engineered to suffer, and brings up images of the terrible social ills that pervaded the country throughout the colonial era and the decades that followed.
The writers in the early decades of the 20th century were deeply influenced and inspired by Gandhi. He provoked intellectual turmoil and awakening amongst the intelligentsia. His exhortation to the Harijans to shun the bad habits and get integrated into the mainstream of the Indian nation slowly but surely. Caste was a group system based on services and functions. He regards untouchability as “the greatest bolt on Hinduism”. He utters that he did not want to be reborn. But, if he were to reborn, he would wish to be reborn as an untouchable, an outcaste so that he may share their sorrows, sufferings and affronts levelled at them, in order that he may endeavour to free himself and them from their miserable condition Key words: untouchability, outcaste, influenced, caste system, integrated, Hinduism
International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences
Critical Analysis of Mulk Raj Anand’s Novel Untouchable2014 •
Problem of untouchabilty is still prevalent in the society and Mulk Raj Anand through his novel Untouchable brings to light the sorrows and sufferings that high caste Hindus inflicted on the untouchables. Mulk Raj…
Dr. Mulk Raj Anand was usually regarded as the father of Indian English novel. His debut of novel writing was begun with his masterpiece work Untouchable. This article aims to talk about the caste system as one of the major issues and its imagery throughout the day and the struggles of Bakha, a central character in the story and his agony over the caste system. Undoubtedly, the implications of caste system in the novel depicted the lower life style of Bakha and his denunciation of pleasures and desires due to it. The author also tried to find out the difficulties of 18 years old strong boy of one day from his Bloomsbury experiences of stream of consciousness novel. Bakha mostly concerned about his peer group of higher caste people and their life style but of no point his helplessness in enjoying life as them. Mulk Raj Anand called his protagonist Bakha as 'hero of tragedy' and also portrayed the tragedies of all the lower castes like suppressed, oppressed, repressed in the country due to the traditional custom of caste. Irrespective of the fact of his lower status, Bakha tried to become a babu or sahib or upper caste person to lead a happy life and to satisfy his schooling desire. All of these were outrage of Bakha's reactions as he received from other higher and middle class people.
The current paper is an investigation of the major issues faced by a low-caste boy, Bakha from the novel "Untouchable," written by famous Indian-English writer Mulk Raj Anand. The novelist brings out the central theme of untouchability in an unjust society like India. The Varna system in India has played an important in this kind of discrimination among the people. Through the characters in the novel, Anand brings out the condition of post-colonial India and the tragic conditions of the low-caste men and women who had to undergo humiliation on a daily basis. The researcher points out the fundamental social and existential problems in an Indian society such as identity crisis, fear, and low self-esteem the people had to face due to their status in the society. This novel stands as an eye-opener to such social evils prevalent in the society and calls for a liberation from the shackles of discrimination and oppression.
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