Background: Ardabil cancer registry is the first population-based cancer registry in Iran that was established in 2000. The first report from this registry revealed that Ardabil has one of the highest rate of gastric cardia cancer and the lowest rate of cervical cancer in the world. We aim to update the cancer incidence in this area by the second follow up report from this registry. Method: Data on all newly diagnosed cancer cases between 2004 and 2006 were actively collected. CanReg4 software was used for data entry and the data of cancer-related death were obtained from the comprehensive death registry system. Results: More than 4300 new cases were registered during 3 years. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 69%, clinical investigation 8%, clinical only 5%, and Death Certificate Only (DCO) in 18% of cases. In terms of age-standardized rate (/100,000), the five leading cancers in men (excluding skin cancer) were stomach (51.8), esophagus (19.5), bladder (13.1), lung and bronchus (10.8), and colorectal (9.6); in women, they were stomach (24.9), esophagus (19.7), breast (11.9), colon and rectum (7.4), and brain tumors (6.9). According to death registration data, upper gastrointestinal cancers constituted more than 43% of cancer-related death in Ardabil. Conclusions: The ASR for gastric cancer is among the highest rate for this cancer in male and female in the world. Most of the cancers, especially in female, have a significant increase compared to previous report from Ardabil. This is most likely

suitable information of different cancers in special geographic areas can help define medical programs for treatment and screening of high-risk groups. The provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the center of Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 5-year (1998-2002) period among the indigenous population of Semnan Province. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology, clinical or radiological findings, and death certificates. A total of 1732 patients with cancers (mean age 59.41% +/-19.08% years) were found during the study. Of these, 936(54.86%) were in males. Crude rates were 124.8/100,000 and 112.1/100,000 for males and females, respectively. Age-standardized ratios (ASRs) for all cancers in males and females were 156/100,000 and 136/100,000 person-year, respectively. Gastric cancer was the most common tumor with an incidence rate of 19.7 per 100,000 people (ASR=27.5). In uppe...

The incidence rate of gastric cancer in western countries has shown a remarkable decline in recent years while it is still the most common cancer among men in Iran. Ardabil, a North Western province, was found to have the highest rate of GC in Iran and one of the highest gastric cardia cancer rates in the world. We used the most recent data from Ardabil cancer registry to update on the incidence and mortality of GC and performed an extensive search of the English and Persian literature in Pub Med, Embase and all 5 Persian web-based databases, respectively, to summarize all possible risk factors for GC in Ardabil. The age-standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer was 51.8 (95% CI: 47.8-55.8) in men and 24.9 (95% CI: 21.5-27.2) in women per 100,000. Age-standardized mortality rates for gastric cancer in this population were 32.2 (95% CI: 29.1-35.3) and 16.3 (95% CI: 13.9-18.6). The gastric cardia sub-site was the most common location (32.7%) in Ardabil. According to our review H.p...

Kırşehir Kale Höyük, which spreads over a very large area in the city center, is the first settlement of the city. The Hellenistic Period layers are the the most important part of the stratigraphy of the mound from the present to the Bronze Ages. Hellenistic finds and remains in a were unearthed in a multi-phase manner under the Medieval layer, especially in the south of the mound. Among these, the aim of our article is to introduce, evaluate and interpret the three stamped amphora handles found in the trenches in gridsquares H4 and J3. Unfortunately, the handles recovered from the pit, filling layer or blockage in the Hellenistic layers do not have a sterile context. The first of the handles belongs to a Rhodian amphora. It was found in the filling layer under the medieval wall foundation with code no. D1 in grid-square H4. The other handles belong to two Sinopean amphorae. The first of these was recovered from a pit associated with the Hellenistic (third) layer, again in grid-square H4. The second handle of the Sinope amphora was found in the J3 grid-square on the slope, from the blockage layer of a mostly destroyed flooring ruin. In our study, the production sites of the above-mentioned amphora stamps were determined and classified, cataloged and generally dated between the middle of the 3rd century BC and the beginning of the 2nd century BC. Also, the handles were compared with similar samples found from other centers. Thus, the amphorae, whose production centers were identified from their stamps, gave information about the commercial connections of Kırşehir in the Hellenistic period. Finally, the routes through which these amphorae may have been transported to Kırşehir have also been discussed; the region's connections with Sinope, Kilikia and Pergamon have been stated.

Abstrack: Supply Chain Management is a set of approaches for the efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturing, warehouse and storage, so that goods are produced and distributed in the right amount, the right location, the right time, to minimize costs and provide service to the customer satisfaction. At this time many companies are implementing Supply Chain Management to improve the competitiveness of the company to another. Supply Chain Management is a strategic competitive tool for companies that make bersainganya logistical problems as a strategy to win the competition. The purpose of making this paper is to investigate the role of Supplay Chain Management in production systems and operations within the company that allows you to provide value to consumers in terms of availability and speed of service. So that consumers will feel the advantages of the product, although physically relatively similar to other products. Keywords : supply chain management, system production, the company's operations. Abstrak: Supply Chain Management adalah seperangkat pendekatan untuk mengefisienkan integrasi supplier, manufaktur, gudang dan penyimpanan, sehingga barang diproduksi dan didistribusikan dalam jumlah yang tepat, lokasi yang tepat, waktu yang tepat, untuk meminimasi biaya dan memberikan kepuasan layanan terhadap konsumen. Pada saat ini banyak perusahaan yang menerapkan Supply Chain Management untuk meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan dengan yang lainnya. Supply Chain Management merupakan suatu alat bersaing strategik bagi perusahaan yang menjadikan masalah logistik sebagai strategi bersainganya untuk dapat memenangkan persaingan. Tujuan pembuatan paper ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran Supplay Chain Management dalam sistem produksi dan operasi didalam perusahaan yang berguna untuk memberikan value kepada konsumen dalam hal availability dan kecepatan layanan. Sehingga konsumen akan merasakan suatu keunggulan dari produk tersebut, meskipun secara fisik relatif sama dengan produk lain. Kata Kunci: supply chain managemet, sitem produksi, operasi perusahaan

The state of Durango has long been a centre of Mexican heroin production and an important node in transnational drug trafficking networks. As early as 1944, it was the site of one of the biggest drug busts in Mexican history, when an opium poppy plantation the size of 325 football pitches, irrigated by a purpose-built aqueduct, was discovered in the state’s northern mountains. By the mid 1970s, a combination of kinship ties and concrete connected these poppy fields directly with the US drug market hub of Chicago, Illinois, along a route known as the ‘heroin highway’, which helped Mexico become the supplier of 90 per cent of US heroin. But how did a poor, underpopulated and overwhelmingly rural state become a major player in the billion-dollar US–Mexican drug trade? This article shows that in Durango, the rise of heroin production and trafficking were integral aspects of local processes of social, political and economic modernization. Stimulated by the Mexican and US governments’ promotion of infrastructural improvements and mass migration, and protected by representatives of Mexico’s post-revolutionary political system, the drug trade in turn fuelled further ‘licit’ economic development, making it part of the very foundation of Mexico as we know it today.

This article analyzes the role of women as both contributors to and beneficiaries of the socio-economic development of Ethiopia over the past century during three divergent political regimes. Employing the social constructivist and feminist notions of doing and undoing gender, and Bourdieu’s concept of “Habitus” as its theoretical lenses, this study examines how women were able to deal with the external pressures exerted by social and institutional structures and navigated through a predominantly masculine world to negotiate their changing roles in the Ethiopian society. Based on a review of the relevant literature, analysis of government policies and strategies, and official statistics, this study traces the historical trajectories of Ethiopian women since the early modern imperial era to the present. The study also identifies policy options that have helped to overcome the deep-sited inequalities between men and women in the Ethiopian context.