The Faju jing 法句經, initially translated by Zhu Jiangyan 竺將炎on the basis of a text brought to the Wu 吳kingdom by Weizhinan 維祇難(*Vijitananda) in 224 CE and subsequently revised and edited Zhi Qian 支謙, is a remarkable example of a hybrid translation. According to the information contained in a preface thought to have been authored byZhi Qian himself, we learn that the translator supplemented the initial translation with substantial material drawn from one or more additional sources. In this paper we examine two verses from Zhi Qian’s hybrid translation that had been considered in previous scholarship to lack parallels in any known version of the Dhammapada or Udānavarga. On the contrary, it has been possible to demonstrate that these verses have a wide range of parallels not only in the Sanskrit Udānavarga but in other Buddhist scriptures as well. A close examination of the occurrences of these parallels in other Buddhist texts strongly suggests that Zhi Qian drew them from a Sarvāstivādin or Mūlasarvāstivādin source, adding them to a pre-existing chapter(Chapter 22, “On the Buddha”) contained in the text originally brought by Weizhinan, which surely belonged to a different Buddhist school and may well have been recorded in a language similar to Pāli.

Setelah beberapa waktu sangat jarang menjadi tema diskursus publik, Pancasila akhir-akhir ini mendapat perhatian. Setidak-tidaknya Pancasila banyak disebut sebagai dasar atau legitimasi suatu pendapat atau tindakan. Frekuensi perbincangan tentang Pancasila meningkat tajam pada 1 Juni yang telah ditetapkan sebagai hari kelahiran Pancasila. Berbagai forum kajian, bahkan kongres diselenggarakan untuk membahas berbagai hal seputar Pancasila. Pancasila memang telah menempati posisi penting dalam sejarah kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. Walaupun masih terdapat perbedaan pandangan, namun beberapa posisi penting yang dilekatkan pada Pancasila antara lain adalah sebagai dasar filsafat bangsa, pandangan hidup, dasar negara, bahkan sebagai ideologi negara. Namun posisi penting Pancasila tidak beriringan dengan realitas sosial. Dalam berbagai forum ilmiah maupun tulisan yang selalu mengemuka adalah kekecewaan dan kekhawatiran. Kekecewaan karena banyak realitas, baik berupa kebijakan maupun praktik kehidupan sosial, yang dinilai tidak sesuai dengan Pancasila. Kekhawatiran karena melihat perkembangan masyarakat, utamanya generasi muda, dinilai tidak memahami Pancasila. Khawatir karena banyak yang tidak hafal sila-sila Pancasila, walaupun hal ini tentu merupakan kekhawatiran yang dangkal. Kekecewaan dan kekhawatiran ini melahirkan pemikiran dan sikap berupa penghakiman dan berbagai pelarangan yang justru semakin menjauhkan Pancasila dari masyarakat, utamanya dari generasi muda. Kekecewaan dan kekhawatiran yang dilandasi oleh alam pikir masa lalu yang jauh relevansinya dengan realitas sehingga sulit diterima oleh alam pikir generasi kekinian.

Los ensayos aquí recogidos persiguen un triple objetivo. En primer lugar, conmemorar el XX aniversario del ingreso de España en 1986 en las entonces Comunidades Europeas. En segundo lugar, alumbrar la aportación de la Comisión a ciertas políticas de la Unión. En tercer lugar, y sobre todo, recoger ejemplos de las visiones y actuaciones de un grupo de funcionarios españoles que prestaron servicio en la Comisión y que contribuyeron, de una u otra manera, a la formulación de la política comunitaria en diferentes ámbitos de la misma. Quizá sean necesarias algunas acotaciones adicionales para explicar por qué esta colección es novedosa.

Despite Jean-Paul Sartre and Cornelius Castoriadis placing the imagination centre stage in their respective conceptual theories, little work has been done to bring them into conversation on this issue or, indeed, any other. This is perhaps not surprising given Sartre’s early work on this topic has tended to be downplayed in favour of his affirmation of freedom, while Castoriadis not only denigrates Sartre’s thinking generally and his account of the imagination specifically but also posits their relationship as one of opposition. In contrast, this article brings them into conversation on the question of the imagination to call into question Castoriadis assessment of their relation. To do so, I outline Sartre’s position in The Imaginary, showing that Castoriadis assessment of Sartre’s notion is based on a problematic, if common, misunderstanding of Sartre’s notion of nothingness and its relationship to creativity. Having overcome the opposition that Castoriadis affirms between their respective positions, I argue that, while there certainly are differences between their positions, there are also important points of agreement and overlap between them, especially regarding the constitutive role that the imagination plays for consciousness, and the relationships between the imagination and freedom and the imagination and creativity, that point to a shared and original approach.

After accepting quality higher education as service, many global business schools are competing to attract intelligent students to various innovative courses and by training them to become further smart, providing better challenging placements in the corporate sector with lucrative salaries. Such schools competing globally by differentiating their education model through top-level infrastructure, globally competitive faculty member, providing industry oriented and research-based curriculum, customized curriculum and teaching methods through providing a choice from an infinite number of electives, and competence based examination and evaluation system. Recent ranking results announced by the USA based Elsevier’s SSRN identified Wharton Business School of the University of Pennsylvania, USA as Ranked ONE business school in the world in terms of its number of annual research paper publications. Wharton’s 235-plus professors are one of the largest, most published faculties at any business school. The standing and affiliated faculty members of WBS work within and collaborate across 10 academic departments. For 2019 outgoing MBA batch, the school admitted 863 students from 65 countries out of 6,692 applicants. In this paper, we have analysed the operational and business strategy of Wharton business school in its quest for excellence and courage to innovate decisions on academic performance and research performance and compared with its competitors in the same country like Booth School of Business, Harvard B-School, Stanford Graduate B-School, Stern B-School, Columbia B-School, and Sloan B-School.

The study examines the development of the main public space of the Greek cities and roman colonies during the imperial period. Emphasis is given to the romanization process and how this was reflected in architecture and spatial design.