D IE
W.
du
R EG SET IESE
IM PL IK A SIES
VAN
B U IT E- EG T EL IK H EID
Pl e s s i s
D ep arto m en t
Ro m e in s e
Re g ,
PU
vir'
CHO.
A BST R A C T
In
t h is
a r t ic le
illeg itim acy .
ce r t a in
c o n st r ain t s
as w e l l .
the
tors
its
su ch
of
fin a lly
to
th at
an d
of
n ate
w ith
th is
the
the
a
the
state
o p in io n ,
leg al
im p o sed
sa t isfact io n
reg ard
to
van
st ig m a
d ie
w at
b ep aald e
now
h as
th at
th e
kom
aan
d ie
to
if
d ie
k in d
ook
The
on
n eed s
vo o r.
h as
Van
k in d
218-
k leef,
su sp en d
the
to
of
The
h et
the
au th o r
to elim i
it
sh o u ld
th erefo re
D raft
n o ted
Bill
in
illeg it im at e c h ild .
vro eg ste
o w er h e id sw eë
of
f ie ld
im p o sed ,
a
the
how
p r o b le m
the
be
is
too.
f ee ls,
d evelo p ed
th e
as
an d
att itu d e
not
b alan ce .
sit.
su ch
A f r ic a
au th o r
It
d ie
im
w ith
So u t h
p ro p o sed
upon
sain elew in g
van
to
The
be
th e c h ild .
the
fac
N et h er lan d s,
w ith
the
sh o u ld
of
c o n sid er ed ,
sy m p at h e t ic
t h e e t h ic a l
red ress
leg al c o n s t r a in t s
b u it e - e g t e lik e
law .
in vo lvem en t
Co m m issio n
d ie
m ore
statu s
c o u n t r ie s,
the
do
a san ct io n
w aarm ee
a
a u t h o r it ies
th e co n cep t,
facto rs.
h o w ever,
from
to
not
It a ly ,
of
c h ild ,
n o n - ju r id ical
in
leg islat io n
an d
Law
the
act
e t h ical
the
of
the
e v o lv in g ,
the
s t a t e 's
w êreld w yd
p r o b lem e
b e p e r k in g e
-
b y
sh ift ed
th at
p aren ts
rem o ve
Bu it e - e g t e lik h e id
een
th e
of
is
c h ild
h as
of
o verseas
th at
th e
fu rth er,
the
th en
m o th er
upon
of
sid e
term s
Brita in ,
co m m u n it y,
co n st r ain t s
on
cer t a in
th e
p r o b lem
illeg it im at e
as c e r t a in
an d
of
r e s u lt
the
in
asp ects
the
ille g it im a c y is t h e n
in
th e
the
w ell
r e lig io u s
em erg es
an d
to
from
as
c o u n t r ie s,
It
e t h ic o - ju d icia r y
Fo llo w in g a d e f in it io n
co n sid er e d
att itu d es
ch ild
att itu d es
as
are
b io lo g ic a l,
im p o sed
ille g it im a c y ,
be
the
ch an g ed
im p o sed
of att itu d es to w ard s
A f r ic a .
b oth
co n st r ain t s
is
b een
the
c lin g in g
in h er it an c e ,
ch an g ed
So u t h
w ith
st ig m a
ex am in ed .
t h e Sc a n d i n a v i a n
to w ard s
state,
h ave
so cial,
d eals
the
illeg it im acy
as
referen ce
A m er ica,
ever,
of
m ain t en an ce,
p o r t a n t q u est io n
The
au th o r
Th ese are th en
r e su lt s
c h ild ,
the
Be c a u s e
As
d it
af
tyn
af
g ev o lg
d aarto e
o p g elé
is
d it
van
d ie
g elei
d at
is.
D ie
vraag
is
b ep er k in g s
v e r s k e ie
of
d ie
w at
o o rsese
aan g estel
om
n
K in d
•
as
as so d an ig
in cest al
is
in
d ie
na
d ie
oo
van
k ateg o riee
d ie
o u ers
k o n sep sie
•
w an n eer
w an n eer
d ie
•
as
d ie
is
m et
nog
d aar
o n d erso ek .
b esig
k in d
K in d e r s
so
h et
n o d ig
reed s
In
d at
d ie
is.
In
Ko m m issies
Su i d - A f r i k a
is
d ie
n o n d erso ek .
d ie
(V a n
reg
d er
n ie.
Om d it
b in n e - e g lo lik h e id ,
b in n e- e g t elik
V yver
en
as
tyd en s
k o n sep sie o f
g etro u d
d ie
van
d ie
k in d er s
na g eb o o rle
le g it im a t io
p er
aan g en eem
w ord .
n ie
in
een
verw ek k in q
van
van
( s p n r l J) ,
n ie g e t r o u d
d it
w il
een
d ie
van
d ie
1 7 9 ):
tyd p erk
van af
w as;
ve r n ie en d
w as
en
d ie
h et;
in d ie h u w e lik
tree,
g eld
Ru h s o q i i o n s ; 1
b o g en o em d e
k in d er s
in
v e r k la a r
d ie k in d
r n .i t r i m o n i u m
in
1980:
is o f
p n t a t ie f
e g t e lik
d e r V y v e r e n Jo u b e r t
b u it e- e g t e lik e
sp e e lk in d e r s
o n ers
b in n e
te v e r d u id e lik
g ek yk .
hy
Jo u b e r t ,
m ek aar
h u w elik
as
n ie o m s k r y f
k in d
w at
k ateg o riee
w ord
teen k an t,
d ie
b u it e - e g t e lik . Van
1.
En g e l a n d ,
te
veran d er
w o rd ,
g eb o o r t e m ot
d ie o u er s
sp reu k
d ie
val
van
tot
h o o g g ereg sh o f
•
o p g elê
BU T T K - K íi T F.I.IK IIF.l l )?
d aar
vo lg en d e
so d an ig
af
b y vo o r b ee ld
aan g eleen t h eid
Re g s k o m t n i s s ie o o k
Bu it e - e g t e lik h e id
w ord
o w er h e id sw eë
lan d e,
d ie
Su i d * A Í r i k a a n s e
1 WAT I S
g em een sk ap sg evo el
van
k ateg o riee
(1 9 8 0 : 1 / 9 ) s l u i t
val
n ie,
is
d ie vo lg en d e
in
sê
w as n ie ,
k in d er s
m aar
w ie
se
o u ers
w e l m et m e k a a r
tyd en s
kon g etro u
h et;
W e t t ig in g
d eu r
d ie d a ar o p v o lg en d e
o u ers.
219-
h u w elik
van
d ie
tw ee verw ek k en d e
2.
o o r sp elig e, k in d e r s
of
alb e i
m ek aar
3.
(a d u lt e r In L ),
d ie o n er s
tyd ens
k in d er s
b lo e d v e r w an t sk a p
n
vn rd ere
dour
d ie
2
w i!
sc
k in d er s
cjetro u d
w as,
van
m aar
w ie een
n ie
m et
n ie;
b lo ed sk an d ig o
4.
d it
ve rw ek k in g
g ro ep
k u n sm at ig e
vad er
of
( in c o st \ io sO ,
n ie
m et
k an
ook
m ek aar
b yg evo eg
in so m in asie
m o ed er
van
k in d
is
is
o tters
k an
w o en s
n ie;
w ord
verw ek
d ie
d ie
tron
en
en
d it
w aar
is
k in d er s
w at
d ie
sk en k er
n ie
n ie.
DTK (ÏKV0 1 / ÏE VAN IHJIT K- RCT RLIKIIK1 1 )
D ie
r e g sg e v o lg e w at
o p g eso m
w ord :
of
b u it e - o g t e lik h e id
in
d ie
en
p lig t e
2 .1
atg em een
D ie
s t a t u s
sp reu k
m nnkfc
#oon
n ie.
D ie
teen o o r
hy
as
2 .2
is
K in d
d at
n
k in d
d ie
t t o m ein s
is
o n d o T h o n d
sy
eg ter
ma
van
en
d io
2 .3
Nn n m ,
en
k o r t lik s
d at
statu s
in v lo ed
van
op
so o s
vo lg
o n w eltig h eid
so
‘n
b ep aald e
k in d
recite
h et.
reg
g eld ,
is
g est e ld
d erd e
so
ten
n aam lik d a t ”
’n
k in d
o p sig te
p artye
d an
van
w at h u lle
«o n r o o r d c r
riie
sy
o n w et tig
verh o u d in g
aan b etref,
w ord
k in d
so d an ig e o u e r
o n d e r h o u d sp lig t ig
k in d
d ie
'n
fam ilieled e
k an
m en in g
b esk o u .
k in d
D ie
tref,
van
op
w el
b etref
an d ers
vad er
van
is.
d o m ls llie ,
sy
In
d i e h o f b o s l i s d a t d i e p a s o w e l as
b eh eer
d it
H o llan d se
d ie
sleg s o n d erh o n d
wol
in v lo ed
d at
eh
is
k in d
Wat
n a t u u r lik e
k an
m aar
d ie
p o sisie
hy
alg em en e
v .i i i
b u it e- e g t e lik
D io
'n
van
so
k in d
(1 9 7 7 : 3 2 2 - 3 2 3 )
n ie,
b a st ar d ".
sy
b u it e- e g t o lik e
g een
h et
teen o o r
D io
d ie
Ro b e r g
n at u u r lik e
li/ iinb v
d i e m a in
Sa c k
o u er
k ry
(1 9 7 4
d ie g eval
as
2 SA
van
'n
d aar
670
b u it e
b ew ys
(T ))
h et
eg t o lik e
is.
vo o g d y
on
verk ry
d ie
ma
se
t o esig
oor
d ie
k in d
van
en
toognng
en
is
vo lg
sy
- 220-
ook
h aar
w ctt ig e
d o m isilie.
vo o g .
In
Sy
D avid s
h et ook
v D avid s
(1 9 1 4
w el
2 .4
W LR
k in d
van
sy
van
hom
3 .1
h et
d ie
to eg an g
F . r f r e g t e 1 ik o
D ie
3
142)
re d e lik e
k an
in testaat
n ie
(V a n
N ip - J u r Id le s t *
S o s Jn l e
D ie
d ie
d.
d ie
k an
n ie
Il u l l e
d an
o n er
van
d ie
k in d
h aar
f n m ilieled e
H u llo
erf
k an ook
in aar
n ie
n ie in t e s la a t
1 9 7 7 : 9 9 ).
on tk en
h et
m o et
al
m o et
d at
k an
d aar
n ie
b lo o t
h oe m eer
t u isb ly
b u it e- p g t elik e
t e m ak e m et
en
in
k in d er s
w eg g ered cn eer
an d er
w o rd
e n k e lo u e r s en
o m st an d ig h ed e
g ro o tw o rd .
f iik t o r o
ter
sp rak e
w ord .
D ie
by
k in d er s
w at
w eten sk ap
g em een sk ap sg evo el
h et
d eu r
k u n sm n lig e
v o o r u it g e g aan
in sem in asie
in aar
nog
n ie
n ie.
f n k to r e
D ie
Kerk
w at
d aarm ee
in
d ie
alg em en n
saam g aan
k eu r
ten
b u it e - e g t e lik e
sterk ste
ve r h o u d in g s
en
( Ji t
af.
f n k lo r n
D ie g e m r e n s k a p s h o u d in g
n
en
Ro w la n d ,
b estaan
alleen
k in d er s
Go <ls (H t t n s t i
D ie
n at u u r lik e
RU1 T F .- F .G T E M K IIF .fi) V < X)K T VU )E f
w at
k om
F .t f e s e
m o ed er
M erw e en
g cm een sk ap
Bio lo g in s o
verw ek
d ie
h e.
fn k to r o
D ie
an d er
D it
c.
d er
n ie.
k in d er s
as
d at
m ag
en d ie s e f a m ilie n ie .
g cm een sk ap
n ie.
k in d
fnk to rn
b estaan
b.
van
n a t u u r lik e v a d er
erf
b eslis
d ie
p o R is t e
P RO B I.EM K WAT H IT
a.
hof
tot
st ig m a
w at
m in d ere of
aan
teen o o r
b u ile- e g t e lik e
m eerd ere
m ate.
- 22 1
-
s u l k e k i n d e r s m o et
k in d er s
k feef,
b ep aal w o rd .
b estaan
nog
in
3 .2
D ci íi r b est - f l/ ln
As
g ev o lg
o n ers
D io
is
ook
van
nog
d ie
se o p t r e d e
p o sisie
nog
n ie
D ie
vraag
w at
d en i
van
vn rd ere
r e g sb p p o rk in g e,
m o et
d ie
k in d
as
g ev o lg
van
d ie
verw ek
is,
ly.
d ie
k in d
w at
d eu r
d it
d ie
o u ers
b ep er k in g r .
w at
u it g e k la a r
b estaan
d ie
b yk o r n o .n d e p r o b l n n m
k u n sm atig e
in sem in asie
n ie.
o<
n it
se
b clan g e of
d ie van
b u it e- e g t e lik h eid
d ie
k in d
vo o rt vlo ei,
is,
g ed ien
w o rd .
D ie
norm »
van
g er eg t ig lie id
D ie
vraag
k an
ook
m o et
it
g estel
en
b illik lie id
w o rd
of
d ie
k o in
reg
h ic r
ter
sp rak e.
hom e n ig s in s m et
d ie v r a a g
b em o ei.
s tm ;h a
aan
m i it t - í- k o t f . i. ik h f.ji>
■1.1 Ar I e r j i r o m l
D ie
h o u d in g
saam g evat
"t h e
van
w ord
b astard ,
m o t le y
cro w d
resen ted ,
u la r it y
(K r a u s e ,
h et
k in d .
w at
so n in iig e
van
d is r ep u t ab le
en d u red .
p erso n c
th ief
typ es
an d
b eg g ar,
w h ich
so cie t y
He
is
a liv in g
ev id e n c e
of
co n tram o ral
as o ld
van d ag
nog
h et,
k an
D avis:
lik e th e p r o s t it u t e ,
of
u n d en iab le
an d
u n so lved
b elo n g s
sym b o l
h as
of
so cial
fo rces;
as h u m an
to th at
g e n e r a lly
in
ir r e g
sh o rt
a
ex ist en ce it s e lf .”
1 9 7 1 ; 2 1 T.)
h et
b lo ed b an d e
o n tw ik k el
d ie
en
w oord e
- a p r o b le m
f am ilieb an d e
Van
d ie
a lw ay s
an d
p r o b le m
Vro o cr
vr o e iir ,
in
om
van
vro eg ste
In
p er so o n lik e
p erm an en te
b elan g
tye
af
D eu t ro n o m iu m
en
w e t t ig o
verh o u d in g e
r e g ie
te
b ep aal
sk ep
W e t t ig lieid
D aaro m
w as
g ew ees.
w as
2 3 :2
d aar
reed s
staan
-
d aar
222-
n
st ig m a
d at
g een
aan
d ie
k in d
b u it e
g eb o re
eg t r lik e
u it
n
b u it e - e g t e lik e
d ie
In
ve rh o u d in g
d ie
b ep aal
h et
m et
hy
n ie ,
tyd
van
teen
na
g elan g
(K r a u s e ,
sy
n ie
o u ers
d an
D e r t ie n d e
k in d
b esk o u .
n
In
n ie.
hof
aan
eeu se
van
d ie
M ere
h et
hy
alle
g ev o lg lik
h et
n ie.
b a s t a r d " (V o e t
d ie
38
m ag
kom
r e g ie
w at
vraag
is
en
n ie
tot
in
d ie o n er s
h et
d at
(K r a u s e ,
k in d
n ie
(R o e k
d ie
k in d
g een
is
reg sb an d
o n d er
an d ere
b eg raw e
m ag
1 ar t ik e l
d ie w e
m ill in s2 .
en
d al
w ord
x x x v iii)
kon
hy
veran d er.
"e e n
m o ed er
g ev o lg lik
h et
t o n eelsp elers
G e v o lg lik
k in d
reel
d ie
statu s
se o p t r e d e g e k le e f
so o s
hy
b a k le ie r s,
d ie
w ord
d ie
o n w et tig e
se
1 9 7 1 : 3 ).
| ,n i i f l r o r . h t
teen o o r
k in d
In
m aak t
vin - n - vis
sy
d an
d ie
g een
m o ed er
n ie.
hoe d ie
h o u d in g
in
d an
now
o o r sn sp .
tot
van d aq
veran d er
h et?
I nud e
A n m rik n
D ie
A m er ik an er s
k in d er s
w at
d it
stryd
in
m ag
n ie
op
h et
reed s
b u it e- e g t e lik
K o n stitu sie.
n
en
f M l b is
g eld
Vo r n n r icr r ie lio u r iin g
a.
n
D ie
b e p e r k in g e ,
n ie
ro w ers,
h o u d in g
reg
17 2 1 )
b en ad eel
w ees
as
w as
g ee n sin s
M id d eleeu e
Sn c l i o n s p i ogr> I
lig
b ep crk .
w at d a a r aan
g ek leef
Hy
h et
h et,
Verd ere
m ag
hom
d ie se lf d e
Ro m e in s - llo lla n d s e
Gro te
d ie
n ie g e ë r f
M ettertyd
A.2
h u is
g eh ad
d ie s k u ld
g eh ad
ook
D ie
in
van
in
d ie
m o ed er
1 9 7 1 : 3 ).
g e t u ie
h et
Ko n statyn
h u lle
d ie
D ie
d ie
t ie n d e g e s la g .
k in d er s
ook
in
is
m et
A lm al
gron d
n ik sb e d u id en d e
d ie
w o rd
van
in
g eb o re
I9 G8
sek o re
is,
o n g eld ig
ve er t ien d e
d aar vo lg e n s
afk o m s
p erso o n
-
223-
w et g ew in g
laat
am en d em en t
as
g ely k
g e d isk r iin in e e r
w at
teen
v e r k l a a r o m d at
van
b esk o u
w ord
n ie
en
lu illo
d aar
(l ,«* v y
v
Lo u is ia n a
In s .
391
Co .
391
A lh o ew e l
d ie
US
US
b yvo o rh eetd
vn d ers
d ie
d ie
d ie
of
w at
reg
k in d er s.
an d
d ip
van
In
L ia b ilit y
d ie
D ie
w ord
p o sisie
sek ere
k in d
k in d
h o in
van
b eh o u
n ie
d ie
so o s
eers
d i e in a
d ie v a d o r d e u r
te
s e n aar n
iem an d a n d e r s
n ie.
p er so o n lik e
m en se
te
van
slate ,
h u lle n at u u r lik e
o n d erh o u d e
lae
van
d ie
m et
w on o n w et tig e
b esk erm
en
96”
p erso n e
b ev o lk in g
g ek ies
k in d er s g e ly k st e l
8 6 o h et g evo el d at d ie o w er h e id
h et
m o et b e n a d e e l b lo o t o p g r o n d
m o et i n g r y p
q ean tw o o rd d at
van
s y g eb o o rle
n ie.
l a i n It*
lan d e
b in n e - e g le lik e
d ie
d ie
h et
n ie.
n ie i n t e s t a a t
n ie.
se b e la n g e
N o o rw eeg se
h et
pa
ve r sk ille n d e
van
n ie ’n k in d
tu ssen
erf
2031
u it
78”
Sk a n r l i n n w i n s o
Dip
d ie
k an ook
g ed o o d
h et
hy
k in d er s
afk o m s
Gu ar an t ee.
h et,
as a f h a n k l ik e as
(1 9 7 1 : 1 / 3 )
m et w e t t ig e
om
p is
g evo er.
A m er ican
veran d er
h o ef
far n ilie
n alatig e op t red e
h et,
c .
se
sr
Il l i n o i s ,
v
vo ran d cr
n ie
K in d e r s
h y h et g een
in
al
nog
M isso u r i,
en
Krau se
b.
k in d
n ie
of
(ïl o n a
h o u d in g
b u it p - eg t elik e
on d orh ou
/ 3;
7 3 ).
D en e
alle
h et
al
in
1915
d ie
en b u it e - e g t e lik e
b ep e r k in g e
o n g elyk e
vet h o u d in g
k in d er s o p g eh ef.
In
1960
b u it e - e g t e lik e
k in d
o p g eh ef.
Br i t t a n jo
Ook
in
H r it t an je
veran d er.
d aar
n ie
n
v e r sk il
sim p at iek e
Pa r r y
as
b o n d in g
w ord
n ie.
m eld
b u it e
d at
en
d at
Sy
d aar
is
d ie
van
m en in g
o n w et tig e
d aar
m eld
teen o o r
eg t e lik
teen o o r
(1 9 7 / : 1 2 9 )
w e t t ig e
m eeb rin g
b o n d in g
(1 9 8 1 :5 )
g eb o o rtes
d ie
lla g g e t
tu ssen
n o o d w en d ig
g p d isk r im in ee r
'n
h et
Br e n d a
sed ert
k in d er s
teen
d at
d ie
d aar
b u it e- e g t e lik e
in
Br itt a n je
k in d er s
is.
In
1 0 °.
Hy
verw ys
na
224 -
n o n d erso ek
d it
k in d
reed s
b estaan .
1945 o n g e v e e r
g e r eg ist rep r
b estaan
o n w et tig e
ri h a l f m i l j o e n
En g e t a n d
is d i e p e r s e n t a s i e k i n d e i s w a t p e r j a a r b u i t e - e g t e l i k
o n g eveer
d at alh o ew el
en W allis
g eb o re w o rd ,
w a.ir m e e
d ie
F. n g e f s e
Re g s k o m m i s s i e
h et
op
b elas
w as
en
w at
b u it e - e g t e lik h e id .
k in d er s
op
g o ly k e
vo et
o n d er
D ie
m ot
an d ere b et r ek k in g
h o o faan b evelin g
b in n e - e g t e lik e
w as
k in d er s
g eh ad
d at
d ie
g ep laas
m oet
w o rd .
D ie
ve r slag
ook
u it
d ie
verw ek
is,
K in d e r s
erf.
d at
k an
in
b aie
m aal
is
k in d er s
m o o n tlik
in
1981
w at
v e r k la a r
m o et
in testaat
to o g esk ryf
b u it e eg t o lik
u it g o b r in g .
d eu r
b ly k
in sem in asie
w o rd .
van
h u lle
w ord
w as
D it
k u n sm at ig e
en
n at u u r lik e vad er s
aan
d ie
io it
d an
d ie
t r o o n o p vo lg in g
d at
h u lle
erf.
It . n l I r
Bu it e - e g t e lik e
een
of
alb ei
As
g ev o lg
w e in ig
n
o u ers
ak sie
t iet
1942
en
sy
As
teen
o u ers
g ev o lg
g esk eel
o u ers
d ie
v e r a n d e r in g
30
(M a y e l l o ,
b ly k
g een
o n ers
aan
D ie
in stet,
m aar
d ie
n ad o le
erk en ,
d ie
in
k in d
k in d
g eh ad
k in d
kon
w el
m o es
self
d ie
'n
k in d
11
d ie
reg
k an
b esk erm in g
k in d er s
se
v ir
van
so
tref.
Se l f s
b esk erm in g
van
A p r il
b u it e- e g t o lik e
ten
aan sio n
p o sisie
se w e n t ig e r ja r e
d is k r im in e e r ,
h et
ak sie
d it d ie
g een
aso f
h ot.
h et
K o n stitu sie
lyk
ten sy
h et,
k o ste
v e r o o r d e lin g
D it
d ie
n ie ,
erk en
g ek leef
k in d
so
h et
d ie se lf d e
Ee r s
*n
ft aliaan se
Bu it e - e g t e lik e
b u it e- e g t o lik e
as
so siale
m eeg eb rin g .
k in d er s
statu s
hom
so
erk en .
van
m in d e r w aa r d ig .
d ie
w at
van
k in d
n
g en iet .
h et
w atter
A r t ik e l
reg
steed s
st ig m a
n ie.
h et
It a l i c
k in d er s
b in n e - e g t e lik e
d ie
D it
m in
in
n at u n r lik e
d ie
teen
d ie
v e r le e n
sy
d ie
c Jr a .
It a lia n e r s
al
k in d er s
van
van
on d erh o u d
e.
verw ys
B r i t l a n j e w el
k an
k o n in g s
d .
hy
b in n e 'e g t e l i k
D it
m o es
w aarn a
ve rslag
is
w as
van
eg ter
w ette
o n w et tig
w at
v e r k la a r
1 9 7 6 : 5 0 3 ).
d an
d at
v e r o o r d e lin g
teen
in g est eld h o id
van
ook
d ie
h ie r
b u ile
d ie m en se
w aar
d aar
eers
e g t e lik e
k in d
w as,
veran d er
Nn d n r l mi t l
225-
h et.
groot
d ie
so siale
p o sisie
en
Ook
h ie r
h et
M in k en h o ff
tw ee
d ie
lem as
w at
" h o o g h e i d " en
of
d ie
k in d
Vro eër
w at
d ie
d aar
b u it e- e g t e lik e
saam lo o p ,
m o et
d ie a f k e e r
v ir
so
n
ly
b esk o u
van
as
van
m o et
d ie
h u w o lik
g evo tg
van
o w e r sp e l en
k in d
kon
h an d
d ie
h et.
Veral
d ie
k in d
se
w ord ,
so d at
d ie
k in d
van
o ile r s
d ie
d ip v r a a g
se
o p tred e.
e n ig e m ed elye
o o rh eers.
Il y
e r f r e g t e lik e
so w el
van
n aam lik
tw eed en s
b ep leit
o in d at d ie g e m e e n s k ap
reg g eslel
ei f
w ord ,
en
veran d er.
aan d ie
b lo ed sk an d e
b estaan ,
se p o s is ie m o et v e r a n d e r
k an
k in d er s
b u it e- e g t e lik h eid
veran d er
fam ilie
f.
teen
"h e ilig h e id "
d an
h et
k in d
h o u d in g
(1 9 7 8 : 2 9 ) m e e n d a t
p o sisie
sy
vad er
b u it e
d ie
d at
se g evo el
as
m o et
d ie
se
( M i n k e n h o f f , 1 9 7 8 : 3 7 ).
Ru i d - A f r i k n
D aar
w ord
V o lg e n s
d aag lik s
n
1978
Bla n k e
32
887
g eb o re
g eb o o rtes
b u it e - e g t e lik .
n ie g e ïg n o r e e r
b ly k
u it
D ie
t y d s k r if t e
h o u d in g
vraag
g estel
sim p atie
b ejeën
'n
a r t ik e l
en
of
d it
D it
b ly k
m et
d ie
Bu it e - e g t e lik h e id
d at
w ees.
m a 's
T e h u ise
d ie
lo o p
U it
’n
n
m eer
k an
o n g eh u d e
ar t ik e l
d an
in
Be e ld
sim p atiek e
afg elei
m a 's
d an
w ord
d ie
k in d er s,
w at
73
216
on g eveer
k in d er s
w ord
as
k an
h et.
- 226-
d ie
u it
as
en
is
reed s
k in d
is
iets
d ie
D ie
w at
So w o r d
m o ed er
1983
en
b eso n d ers
as
se lf
m eer
m et
p o p u lêre t y d s k r if t e ,
iet s
om
o n d erso ek e
in
'n
b estaan .
1 9 8 3 : 2 6 0 ).
1 9 8 5 :9 )
jeen s
d ie
of
b eh o u
k in d er s
(K r u g e r ,
d aar
k in d er s
"O n g e h u d e
k in d er s
h u lle
d at
d at
ook
t it el
g ed o en
h o u d in g
o u er
(A n o n ,
leeg
r a m s a- liu w e lik sv e r e n ig in g
h oe m eer
d ie
D ie H iit sg en o o t
d ie
U it
b u it e- e g t e lik e
b u it e- e g t e lik e
en
feit
van
267
k o eran t b erig te
d a ar o p ".
d ie
w as 3
w as
K le u r lin g k in d e r s
4 9 °o b u i t e - e g t e l i k .
jaar
g eb o re.
(1 9 8 4 : 3 3 )
Re g s k o m m is s ie
GG 8 2 4
eg
n ie.
w ord
aan g etref
k in d er s
van
b estaan
teen o o r
w ord .
so o s b y v o o r b e e ld
d ie
to taal
d ie se lf d e
w ord
sim p atiek e
k an
'n
o n g eveer
van
dus
van
n it
is,
4^ ,
D it
Su i d - A f r i k a
w erk stu k
b y v o o r b e e ld
in
in
dui
d aar
trots
b o sk ryf
op
tro ts
w at
d aaro p
te
d eu r
d at
al
g ro o tm aak .
b ly k
k in d
d it
d at
o p en b aar.
g em een sk ap sg evo rl
ook
ook
t eo lo ë
D aar u it
veran d er
D ie
en
r eg ver d ig h eid
w een s
sy
k in d
D ie
k in d
In
19/ 9
m aak
na
d aar
d at
d ie
D ie
van
d ie
w aarin
as
'n
d eu r
saak
V v
na
b en ad eel
d aar
teen
m oot
w ord
n ie
m eer
van d ag
d ie
b u it e- e g t e lik e
d ie
w ord
van
reg
v ir
d ie
sy o n ers
se r n isst ap p e
g em een sk ap
o p g elê
is,
op
lief
eg ter
n ie
n ie.
SA
verw ek
aan leid in g
van
is
100G ( 1 ) )
b n slis
b u it e- e g t e lik
d ie
d at
is.
n
D ie
g em en erey
en
m et
horn
lei
h et
k in d
r e g le r
verw y sirig
sk ryw ers.
d at
d ie
m o et
h o fsaak
g elio u
R (1 9 7 9 3
d ie
reg ter
g em een sk ap
m eerd erh eid
d ie
van
in g r yp
se
d ie
laat
b o n d in g
m o d ern e
om
d ie
k in d
n ie d ie p o s is ie
van
o f d ie
h o u d in g
en
van
n ie
an d er
reg
w at d e u r
v e r k la a r
d ie
sleg s
en
jtiriste.
se
d eu r
d ip
d ie g o d sd ien st ig e
p o sisie
o n er ó f d ie
Hy
v ia
te
eg ter
verb eter,
k in d
verb eter
b eveel
aan
m id d el v a n
sal
verw an te
d aar
w e t g e w in q
aan vaar
in sem in asie v e r w e k
w ord .
Re g s k o m m is s ie
van
d at
k u n sm at ig e
reg sw eë
af
is
v e r b ly d e n d
b ep lo it
b er o e p e lllan n ,
w ord
1 9 8 2 :4 9 ,
n ie,
1T>9;
aan g esien
m aar
ook
Sn o w d e n
d ie
d eu r
en
1 9 8 1 :1 9 )
KF. RSHF. N01Ï I I NC OF
t alle
C19 Í Ï 4 : 1 1 7 )
k in d
b in n e- e g t elik
M it r .h e ll,
is
n ie
o m d at
d at b illik h e id
F. N BUI TF. - F. GTF. I . 1 K1I F. U)
m een
Re g sk o m m iss ie
m ed ici
D ie
w at
b esk o u in g e,
v e r a n d e r in g
6
k in d
m en in g
n ie
w o id
D ie
d ie
n ie,
lio u d in g
in sein in asie
een se
w etg ew er
aan g esien
h et
'n
( 1 9 B 0 : G3 )
o o r t u ig in g
is,
in
b e s lissin g
t r ad isio n ete
d at
ook van
d isk r im in a sie
n ie aan d ad ig
I NSEM1 NASI F .
Se w e n t i e n d e
St r a u s s
v ir
vei an d erd e
k u n sm atig e
d ie
vereis
m isst ap p e
b estaan
b e p er k in g e
KUNSMA T I GF ,
is
k an
D ie
5
d eu r
red e
se
i s clan
n ie.
n ie .
d ie
d it
o u ers
r asio n e le
w at
(1 9 8 4 : 3 8 )
Re g sk o m m iss ie
h et
hom
NI F. ?
r ee< ls m e t d i e
b ep e r k in g s
op
d ie
k in d
s i t u a s i e b em < - ei .
g ep laas.
- 227-
A s q evo lg
van
d ie st ig m a
D ie
so siale,
D aar u it
D it
et iese
b ly k
H an d el
d an
d it
oor
k in d er s
D it
b ly k
n ie .
en
d at
'n
d at
d it
d ie
eg
saam w o o n
k an
k in d er s.
G o d sd ie n st ig
D ie
is
vraag
van
sy
aan
hom
eg ter
o u ers
of
tot
m o et
k in d
Hy
7
D IF. RK GSET 1 KSF. 1 H IM ,! KAS1 ES
Pl e s s i s
(1 9 7 8 : 8 0 3 )
n o r m ag t ig h eid
D ie
staat
a IIe
m en se
k an
d ie
k an
ag
sy
in
k an
d ie
in
sk ad e
Pl e s s i s ,
in
r e lasies
d ie j u r i d ie s e
trou
stel
d it
As
g ed ran g
t e r r e in
h e r s t e l,
Van
m aar
So
k an
sal
b in n e
v ir
d er
van
d ie
d ie
Vyver
reg
et iese
d ie
d ie
d ie
is
n ie
is.
en
w at
so o s
w ord
g eslag
en
om
vro eër
teen o o r
d ie
afk eu ren sw aard ig .
m o et
g evra
d ie
w o rd ,
in
d aar
v ir
d ie so n d es
d at
o n sRelf
b u it e- e g t e lik
d it
g eb o re
en
Van
m en s
is
et iese
'n
d ie b e t r o k k e n e s
w o rd .
D ie
d ie
et iese
u it
am p sb elan g e
m o et w o r d .
se g esin d h eid
n ie m en se
n ie .
Il o e w e l
reel
k an
van
D ie
reg
n ie (D u
d w in g
om
n
b u it e- e g t e lik e
n ie g e v o lg e v i r
d ie sam elew in g
so
'n
ver h o u d in g
g eb o re w o rd ,
lif t .
(1 9 8 2 : 1 3 5 )
g eld in g
vo ld o en
(D u
kom ,
k an
tref
• 228-
g eld
D ie
D ie
Pl e s s i s ,
d ie
r eg sreël so n d er
reg
reg
h o ef
m o et
n ie
aan
eg ter
d ie
1 9 7 8 : 8 0 9 - 8 1 0 ).
staat
w aar
(V a n
g een
g ee.
n ie .
o w er sp el,
r e g sg e v o lg e
as
b esten d ig
h et d it
e e r b ie d ig
of
betree
en
hé
Zyl
te
w o rd ,
h erstel
b y vo o r b ee ld
te
d aaraan
g ed ran g
d it
d ie
b et ro u b aarh eid
n ie.
reg
is,
van
g es in d h e id ,
verb reek
et iese
sam elew in g
m o et
w esen saard
w at
m o et
k in d er s
o n sed elik h e id
m et
d it
n ie d ie
eg
stan d aard
et iese
staat
b y v o o r b e e ld
aan g etas
Waar
m aar d ie
m in im u m
w an n eer
en
g ev o lg e
n ie ,
g ren se
n ie
is,
en
d ie
et ies o n aan vaar b aar
’n
vierd e
b esk erm
n ie.
m eer
d ie
w ord
van
g ro n d g eb ie d
k in d er s
so d an ig
V o lg e n s
is
h o u d in g
steed s
g estraf
d at
n ie g e s k e i
1 9 7 8 : 8 0 4 ).
of
n eem .
as
d it
saam leef
im m ers
ve r h o u d in g
k an
vraag stu k
o n aan vaarb aar
nou
ve ran t w o o r d e lik h e id st e llin g
se g esk o n d e
te
so siale
u it ee n g e sit .
n ie.
v r y w illig e
en
h ie r b o
n ie g e t r o u d
veran d erd e
is
en
h et
w ord
en
en
w at
so
d ie
d an
d erd e
te
Du
reed s
eiiese
et ies
u it
b eo o rd eel,
d ie
b eso ek ?
n
p erso n e
m eer
w ord
d ie
in
van
is
verw ek .
n ie
afg elei
asp ek te
h o o f saak lik
sam elew in g
b u it e
D it
g o d sd ie n st ig e
d aarvan
d ie
d er
k en n is
b elan g e
V yver
Sl e g s
en
van
n eem
d erd es
Van
Z y l,
1 9 8 2 : 1 3 ! ) ).
n ie,
D ie
m an e o p
D aar
et iese
d ie
b estaan
g em een sk ap
v e r o o r d e lin g
n ie
n
vaste,
d it
vas
d aarvan .
D at
d ie
g em een sk ap
n o o d w en d ig
g o ed
n ie
k in d er *
in
ag
n ie
an d ei* s
g en eem
g esê
en
'n
is
ook
d ie
g eva)
n ie
te
n
afk eer van
D ie
w ord
b ep aald e
d er V y v e r
b eh an d el
n ie.
reg
en
D ie
is
Van
op
d ie
o u crs
n ie
d ie
H et,
d ie
aid w in g in g
m aak
d it
n ie
1 9 8 2 :1 1 0 ).
e g t e lik e k in d e r s
reg sw eft
b u it e-
en
g eh ad
h et,
b in n o - o q tp | jk e
v e r a n d e r d e o m s t a n d ig h e d e m o et o o k
d ie
d ie
norm
v ir
g evo el
Z y l,
d ie b u it n
van
m o et
an d ers
et iese
v e r a n t w o o r d e lik
h u l l e o p t r e d e o in
w ord .
g ed o en
en
(V a n
O m d at d ie g em een sk ap
d it
in
o n ver an d er lik e
slel
reg ver d ig
b eru s
k in d .
b alan s
h an d h aai
resu ttaat
w at
d ie
t tissen
reg
d it
w at
boong
h et,
g ed o ern .
As
g ev o lg
van
b u it e - e g t e lik h e id
d ie
8
staat
non
d ie
van
staat
d ie
o p tree
om
se
et iese
b em o eiin g
na
d ie
staat
d ie c m g ely k h eid
h et
se
le
d ie
t e r r e in
p r o b leo m
v e r s k jif
van
en
m o et
h e r s t e l.
JU R N U K SK OORDKKT.
D ie b u it e - e g t e lik e k in d
en
d ie
feit
g e ïg n o r e e r
d at
w ord
b u it e - e g t e lik e
om
As
aI d ie
n
w ord ,
So
n
f lan
n
n ie.
k in d
san k ste
g elê
n it
icin an d
tu ssen
b e p e r k in g
as
d at
k an
af
te
w o rd .
V o lg e n s
st aan p lek
van
d ie
w et
van
d ie
k o n k rete
op hef.
w eg
Du
d ie
Go d
n ie
Ple s s i s
vo lle d ig e
m oet
situ asic
an tw o o rd ,
d aaraan
k an
k an
w at
n an vaar
van
op
te
n ie
d ie
w ord
D it
d ie
o n ers
k in d
n ie ,
n
om
d o el
en
810)
is
van
d aar
is
vo lg en s
n
d ie
sy
aI w yse
d ie
am p
en
is
van
d ie
Go d g eg ew e
D aaro m
is
d ie
reg
so sin le
D ie
o p g etree
m en s
d ie
vo lm ag
op
d ie m en s d an
d it
te
n ie.
n ie.
p o sitief
w aaro p
erf
o m d al
reg
m o et
o p g ele
k an
et iese
vo ld o en .
- 229
van
a ik e u r e n sw a a r d ig e
d ie
of o p g elê w o rd
w ord
w at
d in
d it
w ord
n ie
(1 9 7 8 : 8 0 9
m en s
b eh o o rt
b estaan
b eg in ,
b e p e r k in g e
b elio o r t
in t o st aat
r e g s w e ë
d it
alle
g ev o lg
d an
g rb ru ik
en
reg
horn o p g e l ê w o r d ,
ag terstan d
W et g ew in g
as
m o et o p g eh ef
*n
r u im .
vro u ,
van
m et
d ie
te
tref
en
d w in g
n eg at iew e b e p e r k in g e
m o et
d ie o u e r
n ie
lew e
d ie
in stru m en t
w aard eo o rd ele
sy
is,
m o es
m an
b y v o o r b e e ld
w eer
k in d
D aaro m
b e p e r k in g e
verh o u d in g
e n af d i e b e p e r k i n g e w a t
so
in
v e r b ly d e n d
d at
d ie
op
d ie
(1 9 8 - 1 : 1 1 6 - 1 2 5 )
Re g s k o m m is s ie
verb an d
o p g estel
lin t ,
b u it e- e g t e lik e
w aarin
k in d
g ep o o g
g elé
is,
op
'n
k o n sep w etso n tw erp
is
om
al
te
lie f.
d ie
b e p e r k in g e
in
d ié
w at
d aar
OP S OMMIN O
D ie
b estaan
k an
n ie
van
b u it e - e g t e lik h e id
g e ïg n o r e e r
b u it e- e g t e lik h eid
o w er h e id sw eë
w ord
g n k leef
statu s,
D ie
g estel
vraag
w o rd
lio o f saak lik
D ip
'1 1
en
van
d ie
w esen saard
g esin d h e id ,
k an
d ie
d ie
b ep aald e
sk ad e
D ie
reg
h et
hom
n eein .
n ie
in o et
m et d ie
van
so
d ie
d ie
is
et iese
k an
m et
sterk
'1 1
d ie
d ie
van
as
b in n e- e g t elik e
d ie
aan
d ie
d ie
in
ag
D it
h et
p r o b leem
w at
b em o ei.
n eem .
van
m en se
van
al
n ie
b em o ei
en
staat
m en se
reg
k an
veran d er
in o et
h et so d an ig
d ie
D ie
d ie
D ie
b u it e- e g t e lik e
p o sisie
k in d
d ie
w ord .
g ein een sk ap
d ie
g ep laas.
aan
van af
d o m isilie b e in v lo e d .
m ort
b elan g e
g eraak
van
tye
v e r a n t w o o r d e lik h e id st e llin g
aan g e le en t h e id
d ie
en
m et
staat
st ig m a
in g r yp
en ig sin s
v r y w illig e
w at
vro eg ste
sy
is,
saam h an g
st ig m a
r e g sp o sisie
n o r m ag t ig h eid
g esin d h eid
h o u d in g
reg
n
en
d ie
vraag stu k
b etree
van
d ie
reed s
D ie
in eo r
D aaro in
et iese
d aan n ee
d ie
p o s is ie en
horn
m aat sk ap lik e
d ie
m aar
se
w at
van
van af
k in d
reg
b et ro u b aarh eid
van
d aar
d ie
d ie
g r o n d g eb ie d
h erstel
k en n is
d aar
t e r r a in
is
p r o b lem e
g ev o lg
sy e r f r e g t e lik e
of
et iese
w at
op
d ie
As
h et,
b ep er k in g s
o n d er an d ere sy
en
n ie .
in
d ie
n ie.
d aarvan
v e r a n d e r d at
k leef
n ie.
b u it e - e g t e lik e
k in d
k in d
g elyk stel.
B T B WOC R A n F .
ANON.
299:
1983.
264- 266.
BO BER G ,
DU
P.
Pl.FSSIS,
g e r e g t ig lie id .
O n g eh u d e
m o ed er
en
tro ts
d aaro p .
D ie
M u isg en o o t .
(1 9 8 3 - 1 0 - 2 7 ).
1977.
I. .M .
The
law
1978.
(D o k t o r a l e
of
p erso n s
D ie
an d
ju r id ie se
p ro o fsk rif.
- 230-
PU
v ir
th e f am ily .
re le v a n s ie
C IIO .)
Kaap stad
van
: Ju t a .
C h r is t e lik e
H A G G ET T ,
Lo n d o n
:
MANN,
J.
B.
1977.
Sw e e t
an d
1982.
K R A U SF . ,
Th e p erfect
D .IL
1971.
Th e Bo b ’s
M e r r il
K RiiG FR,
R
g ed w in g .
Pa r e n t s
1976.
Vol
2.
N ew
K in d
(1 9 8 5 - 0 1
U.
p r in cip le of
in
: O cean a
M IN K EN H O F F ,
A .A .L .
r e la lio .
Sa m e n - l e v e n .
b u ile
19/ 8.
o ver
D even lo r
M
L.
an d
th e
law .
: W e id en f H d
an d
N ico lso n .
so cial
p o licy .
In d i a n o p o l i s
:
1981.
eg
so n d er
k eu se
in
’n
sitn asie
of
(In
c h ild r e n
Ba t e s,
b orn
F .
o u tsid e
1he
ch ild
m ar r iag e an d
an d
the
law .
g eb o ren
de
n ie t
:
u it
tot
h u w elijk se
een b u it en - h u w elijk se
een
ve r slag
r e lat ie ,
van
M aart
h et
1978,
K lu w e r .)
C o h ab it at io n .
So c i a l
w ork
an d
the
law .
I ondon
:
Bo s t o n
:
M ax w ell,
R.
SN O W D E N ,
Geo rg e
an d
In l e y d i n g e n
Le id e n .
an d
law
H et k in d ,
Co n g ress
Sw e e t
w ork
Pu b l i c a t i o n .)
l.a n d e le lijk e
PA R R Y ,
I. o n d o n
d ie
rig h ts
law .
g eh o u d en
te
So c i a l
3 0 ) :9 .
I ho
e q u alit y
Yo rk
(In
b ab y.
Il l e g i t i m a c y ,
1985.
the
ch ild r e n .
Co m p an y.
Be e ld
M A Y FI.L O ,
an d
M ax w et l.
A llen
ST R A U SS,
an d
an d
M IT C H EL L ,
(h i
ar t if icia l
f am ily .
U n w in .
S. A .
p ract itio n e r
1 lie
G .D .
1980.
G en et ic
G en et ics
an d
m an ip u lat io n :
so c ie t y .
The
Cap eto w n
leg al
:
lia b ilit y
O x ford
of
the
U n iv e r s it y
Pr e s s .)
SU ID
A F R IK A A N SF .
Werk stu k
VAN
D F.R M F . R W E,
erfreq .
R F . G SK O M M ISSIIi .
O n d erso ek
na
b u it e - e g t e lik h e id .
7.
Pr e t o r i a
N . J.
: Van
FN
RO W LA N D ,
d o r W ilt
3
de
- 231
C . J.
u it g .
1977.
D ie
Su i d - A f r i k a a n s *
VAN
D ER
V Y V ER ,
O o st lu iiz en ,
ve r sity
VAN
1980.
e .a.
G en et ics
J. D .
en
The
an d
leg al
statu s
so cie t y .
of
the
h om o
Kaap stad
:
n o vn s.
O x ford
f in
U n i
Pr e s s .)
D ER V Y V E R ,
Kaap stad
VAN
J. D .
C .G .
D ER
:
JO U B E R T ,
D . J.
1980.
Pe r s o n e en
Fa m il i e r e g .
Ju t a .
V Y V ER ,
reg sw eten sk ap .
J. D .
D u rb an
en
:
VAN
ZYL,
Bu t t e r w o r t h .
- 232-
E . J.
1982.
In l e i d i n g
tot
d in