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In autumn 2010 in the course of archaeological excavations in the Central Altai we found the remains of pupas blowflies (Sarcophagidae). They represent the dried, hardened outer skin of the larva that is left in the environment when the fly emerges. The Sarcophagidae Puparia of were found into a burial mound 30 of necropolis Stepushka-2 dated to second half of the 3th century – the first half of the 4th century AD. The finds enabled us to establish that the body of adolescent within the 14-15 year age range was buried between late May and early August. Also, these puparia of blowflies are an indicator of the degree of synanthropization organisms and landscapes gorge Ursul river in Hun-Sarmatian time. Likely Sarcophagidae population have adapted to living near the settlement of bearers of the Bulan-Koba culture in the second quarter of the 1 millennium AD. Probably, the Blowflies were important in the decay process of animal carcasses, food waste and other household waste. В процессе археологических раскопок в Центральном Алтае осенью 2010 года нами найдены остатки хитиновых покровов личинок (пупариев) мясных мух (Sarcophagidae). Они обнаружены в погребении кургана 30 некрополя Степушка-2, датированного второй половиной III – первой половиной IV в. н.э. Находка позволила установить, что тело юноши 14-15 лет было захоронено во временном промежутке от конца мая до конца августа. Кроме то-го, найденные пупарии мясных мух служат индикатором степени синантропизации организмов и ландшафтов ущелья Урсула в гунно-сарматское время. Популяция саркофагидов развилась, вероятно, приспособившись к обитанию вблизи поселения носителей булан-кобинской культуры, которое существовало во второй четверти I тыс. н.э. на окраине этой небольшой замкнутой горной долины. Мясные мухи выполняли, скорее всего, роль санитаров в ликвидации трупов павших домашних животных, а также уничтожали пищевые и технические отходы жителей поселка.
V.I. Soenov, N.A. Konstantinov, S.V. Trifanova Gorno-Altaisk State University (Russia) NECROPOLIS OF STEPUSHKA-2 – THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF HUN-SARMATIAN TIME (ALTAI) In the paper published some results of research materials from Stepushka-2 necrop-olis in the Central Altai. During fieldwork on the cemetery were excavated 64 objects, 37 of them were stone mounds and stone circles with grave. The elements of the funeral rite, appearance of objects and grave goods from graves have attributed to Bulan-Koba culture Hun-Sarmatian time and dated to the second half of III century – the first half of IV century AD. The interesting scientific data have obtained in the process of typological, stylistic, technical and technological, radiocarbon, anthropological, paleozoological, entomological, DNA and other analyzes of finds from burials. The results of investigating will contribute to the solution of many important scientific issues in the history of the population of the Altai in Hun-Sarmatian time.
V.I. Soenov, S.V. Trifanova Gorno-Altaisk State University, Gorno-Altaisk, Russia PARTIAL HUMAN BURIAL IN THE STEPUSHKA–2 NECROPOLIS OF HUN-SARMATIAN TIME In autumn 2010 we excavated the "non-standard" human burial in the Stepushka–2 necropolis in the Central Altai. By using the analysis of the funeral rite and inventory, this grave dated to the second half of the 3th century – the first half of the 4th century AD. In a barrow in a small burial pit was discovered a female skeleton with the loss of anatomical integrity. The woman was 14–16 years old. The burial pit was less than length of the human body and the skeleton was missing a lot of bones. The authors offer several possible explanations of unusual burial. The main explanation of this ritual in a fear of a deceased woman. It was special ritual associated with the fear of malignant dead. This way of burial was aimed at neutralizing the negative influence of dead woman. В.И. Соенов, С.В. Трифанова Горно-Алтайский государственный университет, Горно-Алтайск, Россия ПАРЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПОГРЕБЕНИЕ ГУННО-САРМАТСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ НА НЕКРОПОЛЕ СТЕПУШКА–2 «Нестандартное» парциальное погребение исследовано нами в Центральном Алтае осенью 2010 года на некрополе гунно-сарматского времени Степушка–2. По элементам погребального обряда и предметам инвентаря могильник датируется второй половиной III – первой половиной IV в. н.э. Публикуемый курган содержал в небольшой яме часть женского костяка с нарушенной анатомической целостностью. Возраст погребенной – 14–16 лет. Длина ямы явно не соответствовала предполагаемой длине тела человека, а в костяке отсутствовали многие кости. Авторы статьи предлагают несколько вариантов объяснения необычного погребения, основным из которых является особый вид ритуала обезвреживания умершей покойной из-за сильного страха перед ней.
В работе публикуются материалы детских погребений некрополя Степушка-2, который располагался на правом берегу реки Урсул в Центральном Алтае. Могильник полностью раскопан археологической экспедицией ГАГУ в 2010 году. Памятник относится к булан-кобинской культуре гунно-сарматского времени. Всего изучено 33 погребения, содержащих костяки людей, из которых восемь – детские. Анализ особенностей объектов и инвентаря позволил выявить специфику элементов детского погребального обряда, отличающегося определенным образом от взрослого. Для древних людей детский обряд, кроме погребального назначения, имел, вероятно, и другой смысл: через совершение обусловленных обрядов при погребении ребенка члены сообщества пытались оказывать влияние на воспроизводство потомства в дальнейшем, надеясь на благополучное рождение и жизнь нового ребенка взамен умершего.
Биобиблиографический справочник кандидата исторических наук, доцента, главного научного сотрудника, руководителя Научно-исследовательского центра истории и культуры тюркских народов Горно-Алтайского государственного университета Соенова Василия Ивановича, подготовленный к 55-летнему юбилею. Переиздание справочника подготовлено в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта госзадания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации «Хозяйственная и социальная адаптация человека к природно-климатическим условиям Алтайских гор во второй половине голоцена» (№ 33.1971.2017/4.6).
Soenov V. THE PILLAGED BURIAL OF WARRIOR FROM THE CEMETERY VERH-UIMON/Соенов В.И. Нарушенное воинское погребение на могильнике Верх-Уймон // Древности Сибири и Центральной Азии. Горно-Алтайск: ГАГУ, 2017. № 8(20). С. 117-142. [Электронный ресурс]: 1 электрон. опт. диск (DVD). ISBN 978-5-91425-145-8. In this paper the materials of the pillaged burial of a young man with a horse are published. It was in the grave with a lateral niche in the kurgan 38 of the Verh-Uimon necropolis in the Altai. From the grave, "burglars" took the skull and the first three human cervical vertebrae, as well as the skull and some bones of the horse. Presumably the buried man had very good physical features and, most likely, belonged to the military class and had a very high social sta-tus. Observations made during the excavations showed that the pillaged of the burial was made after a long enough period of time after burial, when all the ligaments and tissues of the de-ceased disintegrated, and the mound was grass-covered. The study the funeral rite and the inventory allowed us to date this burial to the late stage of the Bulan-Koba culture of the Hun-Sarmatian time. The radiocarbon date of the burial does not contradict this chronological definition within the framework of the 5 – the first half of the 6 century AD, which corresponds to the pre-kudyrge positioning of the cemetery by the authors of the article. The analysis of the traces of the "pillaged" suggested that the violation of the integrity of the mound and the seizure of the skull of the buried man were the result of a special act of vandalism by his enemies, which having roots in the idea of the unusual role of the head and the presence of special strength in it. Key words: Altai; archeology; Hun-Sarmatian time; cemetery Verh-Uimon; the pillaged burial; the Bulan-Koba culture.
The book presents the experience of studying of the foneral rite of the population of the Altai nomads in Hiungnu-Syanbi-Zhouzhan time and the early Middle Ages. The authors concerns result of the systematization and analysis of more than 900 graves belonging to different stages of Bulan-Koby and Turkic cultures. It became the base for reconstruction of ethno-cultural processes taking place in the Altai in II century BC – XI century AD. Book is intended for experts in the field of archeology, history, ethnographies and cultural science, and also for a wide range of researchers studying the nomadic societies of Altai and adjacent territories.
The article evaluates the level of crafts development among the population of the Bulan-Koba culture of Altai during the Gunno-Sarmat period (2nd century BC – 5th century AD) and considers a range of iron wood-working tools found in the Verkh-Uimon barrow. These tools are represented by adzes, cuttercrankawls, cutter-chipper knives and chisels. The findings of specialized tools (radius chisel and spoon chisel) serve as an important and definite indicator of the developed wood-working handicrafts among the population of the Bulan-Koba culture. The uses of these tools can be supported by the following findings from the barrows: hollow woodenware such as cup-shaped containers with round bottoms, jars, bowls, scoops etc. In the opinion of the authors the use of specialist chisels by the Bulan-Koba people makes woodworking handicrafts a separate sphere of activity. Various polyfunctional edge tools, instruments for their sharpening and items with the traces left from processing are also characteristic of developed wood-working handicrafts. Keywords: Altai, the Gunno-Sarmat period, Verkh-Uimon, barrow, the Bulan-Koba culture, crafts, wood-working, tools.
This edition is the outcome monograph on the results of the study of the Altai population’s adornments in the 2ad centuries BC and first half 6th centuries AD. A thematic review of the studies was carried out in the monograph. The authors have drawn up the set of adornments and a unified clas-sification system for analyzing items. The monograph presented the questions of the chronology and gender and age characteristics of jewelry and options for the reconstruction of individual complexes. In the work data from published and unpublished information conducted into scientific circulation. This publication is designed for students and others interested in ancient and medieval history of the Altai. The study was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science («Economic and social adaptation of human to climate conditions of the Altai Mountains in the second half of Holocene», №33.1971.2017/4.6). Настоящее издание является итоговой монографией по результатам изучения авторами украшений населения Алтая II в. до н.э. – первой половины VI в. н.э. В работе осуществлен тематический обзор исследований, приведен свод украшений, предложена унифицированная классификационная система для анализа предметов, рассмотрены вопросы хронологии и особенностей половозрастной принадлежности категорий украшений, предложены варианты реконструкции отдельных комплексов. Также водятся в научный оборот изделия из неопубликованных или частично опубликованных памятников. Издание адресовано археологам, этнографам, историкам, студентам и всем интересующимся древней и средневековой историей Алтая. Работа подготовлена и издана в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта ПЧ госзадания Минобрнауки Российской Федерации «Хозяйственная и социальная адаптация человека к природно-климатическим условиям Алтайских гор во второй половине голоцена», №33.1971.2017/4.6.
Owing to the archaeological sources, researchers have ac-cumulated a considerable amount of information on directions of handicraft activities of population of the Altai. There are great progress in the study of ancient and early medieval woodworking, production of pottery, bone carving of the case. In recent years there has been progress in the study of metal-working. In consideration of textile manufacture, stone dress-ing and ore mining success so far modest. There are very few scholarly works on jewelry, and leather industry specially prac-tically has not been studied. The history of the study of Russian researchers handicraft of the Altai population was roughly divided by us into three stages: 1) the second half of XIX – the second third of the XX century, 2) the last third of the XX century, 3) the beginning of the XXI century. They reflect the methods applied research, the degree of intensity of the collecting materials, comprehension and generalization of obtained data. Summing up the main provisions contained in the chap-ters of this work, it is necessary to note the following points. In the study of woodworking important results were obtained in the course of determining the anatomical accessories of wood from archaeological sites. Insufficiently studied woodworking toolkit. Basic research on woodworking related to materials from the graves of Pazyryk culture. However, in recent years there has been interest in woodworking of the Altai population of Hunno-Sarmatian time. Processing of bone in the antiquity and medieval times, despite the extensive source base, a not yet fully study. Although it should be noted positive dynamics: currently have appeared special works on the subject. Traced the need large-scale attract settlement materials for a complete reconstruction of the technological process of bone carving production. With the advent of new natural science methods of research in recent years there has been accumulation of data on ancient and medieval metalworking. The use of modern meth-ods of research had a positive impact and on the study of textile manufacture of certain archaeological cultures. Currently, researchers examined many issues of ceramic production – composition of the ceramic dough, features of throwing, ornamentation and vessels firing also the organiza-tion of the process. Craft remain under-researched area in the historical sci-ence, despite its enormous political, social, economic and cultural significance in world social development. Are no exception and the degree of scrutiny of handicraft industries of the population of the Altai. Therefore before modern researchers there is a huge task on complex analysis of the sources and reconstruction of various aspects of the handicraft production, as well as to assess the overall level of development of handicrafts in different historical periods, as one of the most important elements of life-support systems of the ancient and medieval population.
2018 •
Серегин Н.Н., Тишкин А.А., Матренин С.С., Паршикова Т.С. Погребение жужанского времени из Северного Алтая (по материалам могильника Чобурак-I) // Теория и практика археологических исследований. 2019. №4. С. 51–68.
Серегин Н.Н. и др. Погребение жужанского времени из Северного Алтая / Seregin N. et al. Burial of the Rouran Time from North AltaiДревности Сибири и Центральной Азии [Электронный ресурс] : сборник научных трудов / отв. ред. В.И. Соенов. – № 9(21)
NECROPOLIS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE II MILLENIUM AD FROM THE KAN RIVER BASINМатренин С.С., Серегин Н.Н. Костяные (роговые) наконечники стрел кочевников Алтая рубежа древности и средневековья // Известия Алтайского государственного университета. Сер.: Исторические науки и археология. 2019. №3(107). С. 104–113.
Матренин С.С., Серегин Н.Н. Костяные (роговые) наконечники стрел кочевников Алтая рубежа древности и средневековья / Matrenin S., Seregin N. Bone (Horn) Arrowheads of Nomads of Altai at the Boundary of Antiquity and the Middle AgesСерегин Н.Н., Васютин С.А. «Ритуальные» курганы могильника Кок-Паш (Восточный Алтай): к вопросу о формировании культурного комплекса раннесредневековых тюрков // Сибирские исторические исследования. 2020. №1. С. 123–143.
Серегин Н.Н., Васютин С.А. «Ритуальные» курганы могильника Кок-Паш (Восточный Алтай): к вопросу о формировании культурного комплекса раннесредневековых тюрков / Seregin N., Vasyutin S. ‘Ritual’ mounds on the Kok-Pash burial site: The formation of a cultural complex of early medieval Turks2016 •
Серегин Н.Н., Матренин С.С. Социальная история населения Алтая в эпоху кочевых империй (II в. до н.э. – XIV в. н.э.): по материалам археологических комплексов. Барнаул: Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2020. 268 с.
Серегин Н.Н., Матренин С.С. Социальная история населения Алтая в эпоху кочевых империй (II в. до н.э. – XIV в. н.э.): по материалам археологических комплексов (монография) / Seregin N., Matrenin S. Social history of the population of Altai in the era of nomadic empires (book)