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This study presents the findings of a field trip conducted in 1998 to South-East Oman. The paper firstly looks into the writings of Medieval and Early Modern travellers who visited Qalhat and from their accounts study the types of vessels that were mentioned in connection with the Arabian-Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean; secondly, to find from the local sailors the types and functions of dhows and what anchors were used for in the recent past. An attempt is made in the present study to reconstruct from the early writings the sea activity and its impact during the time period in question and to establish how much of the information given by the locals of South-East Oman can be corroborated by the findings related to the past.
The Evolution of Human Populations in …
Archaeological, Linguistic and Historical Sources on Ancient Seafaring: a Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Early Maritime Contact and Exchange In the Arabian …2009 •
Oman A Maritime History
Oman and Islamic Maritime Networks 632-15072017 •
This chapter discusses Oman’s role in the rise of maritime activity during the Early through Middle Islamic periods (630-1507 CE), as it became integrated into a larger series of emerging maritime networks in the Indian Ocean and West Pacific. In particular, it emphasizes the shifting a series of relationships with East Africa, South Asia, Iraq and the Iranian mainland, highlighting the increasing cultural diversity of the Islamic Indian Ocean littoral societies reflected in Oman. Trade prospered as direct trade with China and India flourished, and Oman became increasingly integrated into both East African, Southwest Asian and Indian economies. It also examines the diverse political landscape as Islamic maritime societies became a dominant force in the Indian Ocean, and polities shifted from Caliphal tributary states and Imamates to merchant city states.
2022 •
Ch. Schwall – M. Brandl – M. Börner – K. Deckers – S. Lindauer – E. Pernicka – E. Yousif – S. A. Jasim, Kalba: new insights into an Early Bronze Age trading post on the Gulf of Oman, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 51, 2021, 329–352. https://archaeopresspublishing.com/ojs/index.php/PSAS/article/view/419 The fieldwork conducted at the coastal site of Kalba on the Gulf of Oman revealed continuous occupation from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age (c.2500-600 BC), and the significance of trade networks on the southeastern Arabian Peninsula from the third millennium BC onwards. The renewed investigations at Kalba focus especially on the occupation during the Umm an-Nar period in order to gain insights into the origins and developments of these trading networks. In this context, the excavations concentrate on a highly promising section in the east of the settlement, including a massive Early Bronze Age retaining wall that represents the base of the Umm an-Nar tower constructed above. The recent fieldwork revealed interesting results regarding the construction of this stone wall with an exterior ditch and the subsequent use of this area in later periods. Besides archaeobotanical and radiocarbon analyses, chert and copper artefacts from the excavations and potential raw material sources are of special interest. Results of material analyses illustrate the significance of mineral resources for the settlement. This indicates that Kalba could have functioned as a trading post connecting maritime and inland trade routes leading into the inner region of the Arabian Peninsula.
This interdisciplinary work emphasizes the maritime dimensions of Oman's past, as both archaeologists and historians delve into a variety of sources to unearth its rich history. It explores Oman's long and enduring relationship with the sea, which has had a profound impact on its history. The inhabitants of Oman who sailed to Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley in the Bronze Age helped initiate the beginnings of long-distance maritime commerce. The frankincense trade that flourished in the Iron Age connected Oman with the larger western Indian Ocean and Greco-Roman worlds. With the coming of Islam, Oman became part of a much larger series of Islamic maritime networks that extended from East Africa to China, sailing across the seas carrying peoples, goods, and ideas. European maritime incursions such as the Portuguese invasions eventually fostered maritime trade with Europe, and the establishment of the Ya'rubid and Al Bu Sa'id maritime empires increased interaction with East Africa and later the Atlantic world. In the modern period, Oman has made the transition from a traditional dhow economy to a modern maritime system. In addition, the work addresses the diverse forms of watercraft and navigational practices utilized by Omanis to venture out into the sea. Collectively, it shows that the sea is intimately tied to Oman's history.
Jornadas do Mar 2016. Lisboa: Escola Naval / Marinha Portuguesa.
Naus and galleons in Arabia Felix- Portuguese nautical archaeology in Oman.2017 •
Recognizing the importance of their shared heritage - from which stood out the many fortifications built by the Portuguese in the region - Portugal and Oman have celebrated, in 1982, a Memorandum of Understanding regarding the establishment of mutual cultural ties and the protection and study of their shared heritage. Lately, researchers have moved from architectural remains to historical documents. These documents - related to the period when the coast of Oman was to a varying, but considerable extent, degree under Portuguese control - are, for Oman´s history, of exceptional importance. Some of these documents narrate the loss of historical vessels upon the Omani coast. Geography, geopolitics, history, monsoons, piracy and shallow waters, all have conspired to create in those waters another graveyard of wrecks. Paradoxically, of the many thousands of voyages undertaken by the Portuguese over the centuries, our attention will necessarily have to focus on those which ended in disaster, with the loss of the ship and often of its cargo and of those travelling on it. Battles, lost cargoes, deaths, flotsam and jetsam - all created paperwork, be it epical narratives or dull judicial proceedings. Research methodology consisted in compiling all classical chronicles written in the 16th century, as well as perusing over published and unpublished academic works related to the region. Also, the few published archival indexes that are available were consulted, was were some of the specialized sections in some archives. Cartography and iconography were also consulted, as one of the main objectives of this project is to have a firm grasp on Oman’s maritime landscape.
2009 •
The Arabian subcontinent sits at a critical juncture in the Old World, surrounded to the west, north and east respectively by the African landmass, the Levant (with the European world beyond it), and the Asian continent. While its ancient and historical development has certainly been shaped by this positioning relative to the great continents, however, Arabia is equally defined by its near circumspection by the sea, which wraps itself around some 80% of its perimeter, and has served as both barrier and bridge to the surrounding regions since the emergence of modern humans out of Africa at ca. 80–60 ka (Petraglia and Alsharekh, 2003; Petraglia et al., 2007; Bailey, 2009). An increasing weight of evidence suggests that the three main bodies of water that surround Arabia – the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea – not only offered a rich resource base for thousands of years of human occupation in the subcontinent, but also witnessed some of the world’s earliest seafaring and maritime exchange activities. Evidence for maritime contact over long distances is for this arena also amongst the oldest in the world. At the same time, the sea has also sometimes served to distance Arabia from her neighbors, helping to shape a distinctive trajectory within the subcontinent.
Paléorient
Fishing in the Arabian sea: a short note on the prehistoric sites RH6 and R'as al-Jinz 1 in Oman2005 •
2010 •
The site of Ẓafār/al-Balīd (Sultanate of Oman). Archaeological investigations between past and present, Proceedings of the round table held at Naples, Università L’Orientale, on June 18th 2021, Newsletter Archeologia CISA, vol. 12 (ISSN 2036-6353)
A sentinel on the Indian Ocean: The citadel of al-Balīd (excavations 2016-2020)2021 •
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