France is forging new relations with its former colonies, but old habits die hard

2010

ceri-sciencespo.com

Omedy Mweene, 2019

Development studies handbook

Until recently, doing business in developing countries, and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, was associated with high risk. Although each investment decision is associated with some risk, there are always obligations incumbent on host States in that regard. However, when domestic law is too obsolete to match the requirements of an evolving investment and commercial environment which it is supposed to regulate, and when its effects are unpredictable, one of the fundamental conditions for attracting investment goes missing. This eventually underscores the need for a legal reform. The phenomenon of ‘globalisation’ on the one hand, and the need for (developing) countries to integrate their economies into the global market, on the other hand, considerably accentuated the postulate of development through law. Against this background, some African countries, at the dawn of the 1990s, felt a need to ‘modernise’ their legal systems for the major part inherited from colonialism. In this vein, they entrusted a supranational organ, the OHADA, to perform that legal reform. This paper is an attempt to test the OHADA against the discourse of law as a development engine. Furthermore, this is an assessment of the extent to which OHADA, as a legal tool, could be useful in serving the purpose of regional integration and economic growth in Africa.

Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, 2023

This paper provides an English translation and Tibetan edition of Atiśa Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna’s (982–1054 CE) The Means for the Attainment of the Twenty-One Tārās (sgrol ma nyi shu rtsa gcig gi sgrub thabs; hereafter, Twenty-One Tārās Sādhana) based on evidence of newly recovered Tibetan manuscripts. Atiśa’s praise of the “Twenty-One Tārās” is iconographically one of the most popular in Tibetan painting, yet textual evidence for Atiśa’s systematic ritual evocation of these forms of Tārā has yet to be documented in publication. The following study, translation, and Tibetan edition furnishes for the first time Atiśa’s Twenty-One Tārās Sādhana. This study also provides the earliest extant Tibetan edition of The Praise to Tārā with Twenty-One Verses of Homage.