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In the eve of World War I, Serbian Shipping Company (SSC) had 12 steamships. Those steamships constituted the major part of Serbian trading and passenger fleet, while the Kingdom of Serbia did not have its military fleet. Being aware of the danger for the ships of the Society after the break of diplomatic relations between Austria and Serbia, the management of SSC immediately sent all the vessels to the lower Danube in order to save them from being captured and sunk. However, of ten ships and a number of scows that happened to be in Iron Gate Gorge two days before the proclamation of the war on 28th July 1914, only tugboat "Takovo" with six scows managed to pass through the Sip Channel and sail to safe Serbian-Romanian waters of the Danube.
After the end of the First World War, the passenger steamship of the Austrian Danube Shipping Company Taussig, war loot of the Serbian Army, was handed over to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. As part of the new state’s fleet, it was named Aleksandar I. Up until the end of October 1928, when Dragor – an inspection ship and the future Royal yacht, sailed into the Belgrade port on the Sava, Aleksandar I had, other that serving in the regular passenger transport, also served the needs of the Karađorđević Dynasty. As the largest and the most luxurious ship of the State Shipping Company, until the start of the Second World War, Aleksandar I was used for numerous representative journeys. Inspired by the photographs kept at the Collection of River Shipping, we shall, in short, using the articles published by the Belgrade daily press, remember three events that happened during this steamship’s turbulent life.
Out of the twelve steamships of the Serbian Shipping Company, Takovo is the only one that managed to evoid being captured or damaged during the entire World War I and to return freely with its crew to its homeland after the end of the war. Based on the surviving documents, we shall try to give a short recap of its movements from July 1914 to April 1919.
Тhe First Royal Serbian Privileged Shipping Company was founded in Belgrade, on August 25, 1891. The first steamship of the Company was Mačva, built in Italy, in the machine shop of Nicolò Odero in Sestri Ponente near Genova. Mačva arrived at the Sava port in Belgrade on July 20, 1893.
After several failed attempts to raise the level of its shipping and acquire a steamship, in 1862, the Principality of Serbia bought its first steamship. From the Steamship Shipping Company “Austrian Lloyd”, a nine-year-old steam tugboat Piacenza, built in 1853 in Frаncе, was purchased in Galatz and renamed Deligrad.
Among the group of Hungarian ships that were, as the war loot, hended over to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after the First World War, there were also three ships of smaller power and capacity –Jolánka, Rózsа and Imre, property of the Hungarian Financial Directorate, on loan at the company Wolf & Trostler from Novi Sad. These three ships carried the names of volunteer nurses – Kasija Miletić, Darja Aleksandrovna i Katarina Harlej – as a sign of gratitude and remembrance for their courage and self-sacrifice, and the great and selfless help they had provided to the Serbian soldiers during the First World War, losing their own lives on that occasion.
On the section of the Danube between Radujevac and Milutinovac (km 857 to 900), from September 6 to September 20, 1944, a large number of German war and transport ships, as well other watercrafts, have been disabled and sunk by their crews so that they would not fall into the hands of the Red Army and its allies, but at the same time, the ships were also sunken in order to obstruct the waterway and hinder navigation. The greatest concentration of the sunken ships is in the region of Prahovo, i.e. from km 857 to 862 of the Danube course. 74 years after they have been sunken, the remains of the German fleet still pose a serious threat to the navigation in this section of the Danube.
"Srbija u Velikom ratu 1914 – 1918 [Serbia in the Great War 1914–1918], Belgrade, Srpska književna zadruga, Beogradski forum za svet ravnopravnih, special editions, Belgrade 2014, 300p.", Serbian Political Thought, No. 1 (2014), 105–114. ISSN: 1450–5460.
International Journal of Maritime History
Sailing in Uncharted Waters: Four Dutch Steamship Companies during the First World War, 1914–19182015 •
During the First World War, steamship companies based in neutral Holland were confronted by a number of very costly, war-related challenges. The conflict also brought unexpected windfalls: neutrality put these shipping firms in a unique position to profit from the worldwide disruption to global trade. In this article, I reconstruct the wartime balance sheets of four Dutch steamship companies, and relate my findings to an analysis of their wartime policies. My main conclusion is that these companies shared a remarkably similar fear of the post-War future which guided their wartime financial policies. By saving, expanding their fleet and improving their facilities, they desperately tried to guard themselves against the prospect of renewed foreign competition after the War.
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