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2018 •
Axiom : When a new kind of sword originates and becomes prevalent, then it logically follows that both the sword and its new kind of fencing evolve and become perfected. That is what must have started happening in Chivalric Europe circa 1100, when a new kind of sword—called variously longsword, langschwert, war sword, espée de guerre, great sword, grans espée, two-hand-sword, etcetera—came into being. Its history is well-epitomised by the Liechtenauer Lineage of the German Tradition of the Art of Fencing, its Kunst des Fechtens. The longsword probably first arose somewhere in Germany (i.e. Holy Roman Empire) and eventually spread via migratory innovation and/or native industry to England, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, France, Switzerland, Italy, Benelux, Iberia, Poland, Bohemia, Prussia and Baltica.
Eurasia Antiqua
Remarks on the Technical Development of bladed Close Combat-Weapons and the Use of the Earliest Swords2017 •
Eurasia Antiqua 20, 2014 [2018], 219-228.
Most experts agree that the small sword appeared in the early 17th century and owes its development, at least in part, to changes instituted by French masters who opted for speed over considerations such as reach. 1 The weapon descends from rapier and for some time coexisted with it. Depictions of both types of swords in portraiture are one indication for this, but so too is the confusion over what "rapier" meant, or could mean, into the 18th century. 2 The kinship between the longer, heavier rapier and the shorter, lighter small sword is obvious-both are designed primarily for the thrust rather than the cut; both often have complex hilts, that is to say, sport in some fashion much of the same hilt furniture, such as a knuckle-bow, quillons, pas d'âne or annulets, and guard. Moreover, like the rapier, small sword was a civilian weapon, one ill-suited for the conditions of battle, and though sometimes carried by military officers was more often an item of fashion and selfdefense. Its size, speed, and deadliness made the small sword an ideal weapon for the duelist as well.
Knives & Dagger are weapons with short blade designed for thrusting and are used for close and hand to hand fighting. Its beginning can be traced on the flint handaxes of the Stone Age. The kings and royal nobles invariably kept a dagger with them for immediate self-defense. These were also used in hunting, games, exchange of presents and domestic affairs. Like swords, daggers too are varied in size and shape and can be identified with separate names such as the Jamadhar, Jambia and Khanjar of Mughals, the Chura of Afghans, the Khapwa of Rajputs, the Karpan 1 of Sikhs and the Kukari 2 of Nepalese. The origin of the word "Knife" is a development from the Anglo Saxon "Cnif" a word which is various similar forms was also in the old Dutch language "Knijf" low German ''Knif" Icelandic "Knifr" Danish Kniv" Swedish "Knif". It was probably coined during the decline of the Roman Empire, when the northern hordes of Huns and Goths were over running much of Europe and probable developed from a corruption of the Latin word for Knife "Cultellum" 3. The word dagger however seem to be Celtic in origin, stemming from the verb "DAG" meaning to pierce. Knives and daggers rank among the oldest tools and arms of human history. Knives are normally designed to cut comparatively soft material while the function of a dagger is stabbing. Right from ancient time soldiers used daggers as reserve weapon and civilians for self-defense. Mostly we found daggers open or hidden in sheath but during the span of history daggers were also found with their blades hidden into the walking sticks. Every knife or dagger has two basic parts, blade with sharp edge ending in a point and hilt for grip. The knife blade is usually and relatively flat and has edge along one side. Thinning the blade to provide sufficient pressure for cutting provides the edge. There is a verity of blade of cutting knives named according to their shape and structure. An edge forming tapering wedge is termed as "V" grind, blunt wedge is termed as cannel or rolled edge, edge forming an arch is called a double or single edge concave grind.
2015 •
An illustrated review of various macroscopic patterns that may be seen upon the surfaces of historical ethnographic edged weapons that are intrinsic to composition and construction technique.
neutron diffraction offers a non-invasive method of analysing arms and armour from Indian and japan as well as Europe.
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