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AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The wild leafy vegetable, Corchorus olitorius L, has a potential for development as a crop. Self propagation of this species is by seed. In an attempt to improve the length of time of its availability, the effects of pre-chilling and temperature on germination of its seeds were investigated. Although it had a seed viability of 90.1% (using the tetrazolium technique), seed subjected to a temperature of 25 o C for both pre-chilled and unchilled seeds showed no germination. Seeds subjected to a temperature of 35 o C did germinate with a maximum of 88% germination from seeds that had been pre-chilled for 3 ½ days compared to those which were unchilled, pre-chilled for a day or pre-chilled for 7 days. Pre-chilling followed by exposure to a temperature higher than 30 o C encourages germination of C. olitorius seeds. Nursery establishment under such conditions may improve its length of availability.
African Journal of Biotechnology
Length Research Paper Effects of pre-chilling and temperature on seed germination of Corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae) (Jew’s Mallow), a wild leafy vegetable2009 •
The wild leafy vegetable, Corchorus olitorius L, has a potential for development as a crop. Self propagation of this species is by seed. In an attempt to improve the length of time of its availability, the effects of pre-chilling and temperature on germination of its seeds were investigated. Although it had a seed viability of 90.1% (using the tetrazolium technique), seed subjected to a temperature of 25oC for both pre-chilled and unchilled seeds showed no germination. Seeds subjected to a temperature of 35oC did germinate with a maximum of 88% germination from seeds that had been pre-chilled for 3 ½ days compared to those which were unchilled, pre-chilled for a day or pre-chilled for 7 days. Pre-chilling followed by exposure to a temperature higher than 30oC encourages germination of C. olitorius seeds. Nursery establishment under such conditions may improve its length of availability.
African Journal of Biotechnology
Comparative evaluation of the germination capability of three morphologically different wild genotypes of Corchorus olitorius L. from Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa2012 •
A series of experiments were conducted to assess the germination, vigour and emergence of jute seeds collected from five different sources of Bangladesh. The seed germination and vigour estimation experiments were laid out at the Agronomy laboratory, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka in completely randomized design with five replication. The emergence experiments were conducted at greenhouse of BJRI, Dhaka and field of Jute Agriculture Experimental Station (JAES), Manikganj in randomized completely block design with three replication during March to June 2004. The treatments consisted of five different seed sources viz., i) Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), ii) Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation (BADC), iii), iv) Farmers of two different locations and v) Local market. Farmers source was divided into two sub-sources. The sub sources were farmers of Faridpur and farmers of Rangpur locations. Two different conditions viz., i) Greenhouse and ii) Field were used in conducting emergence experiment. The cv. O-9897 of the Corchorus olitorius L. was used as study material. The results revealed that the germination, vigour index and coefficient of germination of O-9897 varied significantly due to seed sources. BJRI and BADC seeds had highest germination, vigour and emergence than all other sources. Emergence, relative emergence and survivability varied significantly for seed sources. Highly significant and positive correlations were observed among the germination, vigour index, coefficient of germination, emergence, relative emergence and survivability of O-9897 seeds at both greenhouse and field conditions.
Lab Report -Seed Germination Based on Temperature Factors Abstract The germination process depends on many internal and external factors that control the initiation and the germination process. Some species do not germinate under favorable conditions until a certain factor breaks the dormancy (Reece et al., 2011). The water intake, namely imbibition, is very important, because it enhances the enzymatic activity. The enzymes’ activity also depends on the temperature, which influences the metabolic reactions’ rate. Oxygen is also very important, because it ensures aerobic respiration, which generates the amount of energy necessary for growth. The present experiment was conducted to analyze the influence of environmental temperature on the germination initiation. The results were presented only as a percentage of germinated corn/radish seeds. The water intake and the proper oxygen concentration were ensured during the experiment by the “rag doll tester”, and the only variable parameter was temperature. The temperature was not measured but kept constant in cold room and greenhouse conditions. The results of the experiment demonstrated that both species only germinate in greenhouse conditions (0% germinated seeds for both species under cold room conditions, and 86.67% germinated corn seeds and 80% germinated radish seeds under greenhouse conditions). The standard deviation and the standard error had also bigger values for the radish seeds kept under greenhouse conditions (11.55 and 6.66, respectively) than for the corn seeds kept under the same conditions (20.00 and 11.55, respectively). The results of the present study prove that the greenhouse provided proper conditions for both species, but they were a little closer to the corn seeds’ optimum conditions for germination initiation. Introduction The seed plays a very important role in plant’s reproduction, because it protects and feeds the embryo. The ability of seeds to become dormant under unfavorable conditions ensures the survival of the entire species. Some seeds may remain dormant for many years, and the germination conditions differ among species (Reece et al., 2011). Most of the seeds are dry, and they are able to remain dormant for a long time, because the metabolic reactions need water. Under proper conditions, the dormant seeds germinate, and a new plant appears from the embryo. The first stage of the germination process is the imbibition, defined as the water up-take by the dry dormant seed. After imbibition, seeds need some stimuli to initiate germination: temperature variations, light, chemicals or hormones (Bewley, 1997). The embryo needs proper environmental conditions for elongation (water, oxygen, light, temperature, etc.) and the seed contains all the nutrients necessary for germination. Temperature is a very important parameter that influences seed germination, and sometimes this process doesn’t occur immediately after imbibition (Reece et al., 2011). Some species require a certain dormancy-breaking temperature to initiate germination (Ooi et al., 2014). Radishes are plants that prefer cool and moist weather. The germination depends on the temperature and occurs between 55 F and 65 F. The corn seeds do not germinate below 55 F. The optimum germination temperature ranges between 65 F and 85 F. Hypothesis: Seeds need certain environmental conditions to germinate. Germination depends on the ability of enzymes to decompose complex compounds stored as reserve into simple nutrients, and enzymatic activity, usually, depends on moisture and temperature among other factors. The germination process of both corn and radish depend on the environmental temperature. If we ensure proper temperature conditions (greenhouse), the seeds from both studied species (corn and radish) will germinate. The refrigeration temperature (control) does not initiate germination for our species. Materials and Methods Materials: • Paper towels • Water • Corn seeds • Radish seeds • String Storage conditions: • Cold room • Greenhouse Method: The labeled paper towels were moistened, and then they were used for preparing the “rag doll tester”. The procedure is described below: • Five corn seeds were placed on a moistened towel. • The towel was rolled over the seeds. • Another five corn seeds were placed on the moistened towel. • The remaining part of the towel was rolled again over the seeds. • The ends were secured with string. • Five radish seeds were placed on a moistened towel. • The towel was rolled over the seeds. • Another five radish seeds were placed on the moistened towel. • The remaining part of the towel was rolled again over the seeds. • The ends were secured with string. The towels were loosely rolled, in order to ensure the amount of oxygen needed during the germination process. Two treatments were applied, with three replicates each. The first treatment was represented by the cold room temperature, which was considered the control. The second treatment was represented by the greenhouse temperature. The results were recorded after one week. Results and Discussions After the experiment described above, the following results were obtained (see Table 1 and Table 2): Table 1 –Corn germination test results Treatment Replicate Germinated corn, % Cold room 1 0 Cold room 2 0 Cold room 3 0 Greenhouse 1 100 Greenhouse 2 80 Greenhouse 3 80 Table 2 –Radish germination test results Treatment Replicate Germinated radish, % Cold room 1 0 Cold room 2 0 Cold room 3 0 Greenhouse 1 100 Greenhouse 2 80 Greenhouse 3 60 After the data analysis, we obtain the following values of mean, standard deviation and standard error for each set of three replicates: Table 3 –Mean, standard deviation and standard error for control (cold room) and greenhouse Treatment Mean, % St. Dev. St. Error corn radish corn radish corn radish Cold room 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greenhouse 86.67 80.00 11.55 20.00 6.66 11.55 As we can see in the above tables, the germination of both corn and radish seeds depends on the temperature, and it occurs at greenhouse temperature. According to the table above, more corn seeds germinated, and the replicates were also less dispersed than the radish seeds replicates. The mean value of the germinated corn seeds was 86.67%, and the replicates ranged between 80% and 100%; the mean value of the germinated radish seeds was 80%, and the replicates ranged between 60% and 100%. The standard error values also suggest that the population of radish seed replicates is more dispersed than the population of corn seed replicates. The results can also be represented in the charts below (Figures 1-3). Figure 1 –Corn seeds germination in cold room and greenhouse conditions The figure above demonstrates that, in the present experiment, the corn seeds only germinated in greenhouse conditions (high temperature). Figure 2 –Radish seed germination in cold room and greenhouse conditions The figure above proves that, in the present experiment, the radish seeds only germinated in greenhouse conditions. Figure 3 –Corn seed and radish seed germination in greenhouse conditions The figure above demonstrates the fact that, in the present experiment, more corn seeds germinated. Conclusions The results obtained during the experiment confirm our hypothesis. Both species only germinated in greenhouse conditions (high temperature). The mean value, the standard deviation and the standard error are in favor of corn seeds because the values indicate less dispersed replicates and a higher percentage of germinated seeds. The difference suggests that the greenhouse temperature is closer to corn’s germination temperature than to radishes’ germination temperature (perhaps over 65 F). References Bewley, J. D. (1997). Seed Germination and Dormancy. The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, 1055-1 066, July 1997, retrieved from: http://www.plantcell.org/content/9/7/1055.full.pdf+html Reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V., Jackson, R. B. (2011). Campbell Biology 9th Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco. Ooi, M. K. J., Denham, A. J., [...], & Auld, T. D. (2014). Temperature thresholds of physically dormant seeds and plant functional response to fire: variation among species and relative impact of climate change. Ecol Evol. Mar 2014; 4(5): 656-671. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098144/ http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene341b.html http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene05f6.html
2010 •
2017 •
Nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is one of the most important weeds in southwestern corn and sesame fields in Iran. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to determine the effects of constant temperatures, drought stress and salinity on seed germination of nulta jute. Based on threepiece segmented model outputs, the base, the lower optimum, the upper optimum, and the maximum temperatures for the germination of nulta jute were estimated to be 15.57, 25.99, 37.79, and 43.67 °C, respectively. Germination percentage of nulta jute seeds was estimated about 88.75%. The response of germination to drought stress was described using the hydrotime model. Based on this model, the hydrotime constant (θH) and the water potential threshold for the start of germination (ᴪb(0)) were 11.85 MP h and -1.13 MPa, respectively. Results showed that base water potential distribution (ᴪb(g)) was skewed to the right (λ=1.51) indicating the major section of seed population with higher base water pote...
2019 •
Chamomile (Anthemis haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut. and Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.) are annual, medicinal and aromatic plant belong to Asteraceae family. This two species have special important in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Current study was carried out to investigation of different pre-treatments for enhancement of seed emergence potential, rate of emergence and vigor in some populations of Anthemis haussknechtii and Anthemis pseudocotula For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete design with three replications. The first were six populations and the second factor were six pre-treatments levels including osmopriming (0.5% and 1% of potassium nitrate (KNO3)), hormon priming (125 ppm and 250 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA3)), hydropriming (as control with distilled water) and moist chilling (4 °C) in greenhouse conditions. The results showed significant differences between population, treatment and their interactions (p<0.01). Prim...
South African Journal of Botany
Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of selected African leafy vegetables2015 •
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