An Overview of Albania's Foreign Policy-making during the 1980s

The Sayings Gospel Q and the Parting of the Ways, in: Parting of the Ways. The Variegated Ways of Separation between Jews and Christians (Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society – Supplementa 4), eds. Markus Tiwald / Markus Öhler, Paderborn: Brill | Schöningh, 2024

Q – like Jesus – thinks and formulates completely within Judean categories. However, it is a still debated issue, where Q positions itself in the wide spectrum of Judean ways of life. To clarify this issue, the paper first looks at the problem of defining ancient Judean identity or better: possible Judean identities. In the main section, this will be applied to the Q document. Then the conclusions about Q’s relationship to Israel and its consequences for contemporary Christian-Jewish dialogue will be presented.

INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTICS AND CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY XXVIII (1), 2024

The article is devoted to the study of apostasy, in other words, the conversions of Christians to paganism among the senatorial nobility of the city of Rome in the 4th century AD. The work is based on the analysis of patristic tradition (works of Ambrosius of Mediolanum and the so-called Ambrosiaster), polemical anti-Pagan poetry (Carmen contra paganos and Carmen ad senatorem ex Christiana religione ad idolorum servitutem conversum), as well as late Roman law codes (Codex Theodosianus). The conclusion is made that the conversion of Christian senators to pagan cults was not rare. The main motives for returning to paganism were their disappointment in Christian teaching and the actions of the Church organization, the desire to occupy one of the honorable and lucrative positions in the priestly colleges of Rome, or the eagerness to acquire the support of a powerful pagan patron. Following the nobility’s steps, the Roman plebeians, accustomed to perceiving the aristocrats as a cultural ideal, often converted to paganism. The government of the Christian Empire tried to prevent apostasy and, beginning from 381 (384), restricted the property rights of apostates (especially the right to make wills). Since 391, those who had converted to paganism began to be subjected to deprivation of civil rights after which the representatives of the senatorial nobility who had previously accepted Christianity no longer dared to return to their ancestral cults.

Die Cucuteni-Kultur und ihre südlichen Nachbarn Forschungsgeschichte – Kulturbeziehungen – offene Fragen. Herausgegeben von George Bodi, Blagoje Govedarica, Svend Hansen, Alexander Rubel und Constantin-Emil Ursu, 2020

By the term of treasures, the authors define the assemblages of objects used in ritual purpose and kept together, which proves that the group of artefacts (regardless of the raw material from which they were made) had a special value (material / spiritual) within the community that created and used them. These sets can be found in several forms: • in a storage state (usually in a terracotta container) within a building – ideal situation for interpretation, as it indicates the exact composition in terms of numbers and categories of artefacts; • in a display state, probably during a ceremony, held usually around the fireplace– where there is some uncertainty about the exact composition of the assemblage, due to possible intervention of subsequent factors; • buried, as a foundation offering, usually deposited in a container – also an ideal situation for the archaeological interpretation; • discarded (often with pieces in a fragmentary state), after the ceremony for which it was created – in which case the composition can only be roughly estimated. The paper focuses on two levels: a) the presentation and the analysis of the treasures discovered in the Precucuteni-Cucuteni area from Romania; b) the comparison with other treasures discovered in the southern areas of the cultural complexes Vinča and Gumelniţa-Karanovo V-VI. This particular space coincides with the one of the factors that contributed to the formation and evolution of the Precucuteni-Cucuteni cultural complex, being at the same time the area with which Precucuteni-Cucuteni populations have maintained close ties throughout its existence. The analysis takes into account the evolutionary aspect of the composition of these treasures, which reflect certain changes of the mentality and structures within these communities, throughout their history of about a millennium and a half. The similarities and the differences between these treasures must therefore take into account both the spatial, and the chronological-cultural aspects. A number of recently expressed views bring to the fore the social significance of these assemblages (in terms of gender, kin, hierarchy, agency etc.), often obstinately denying, up to the limit of absurd, any of their spiritual implications. Unlike these approaches, our analysis focuses on the symbolic and magical-religious meaning of the treasures, considering their creation and use as an evidence of the syncretic actions of prehistoric communities. In other words, to reconstruct the life of a Chalcolithic community, the spiritual element cannot be separated / ignored / denied; it is always present and determines decisions about all other aspects – social, economic, artistic. To disregard this fact does not mean to absolve the archaeological interpretation of the so-called cultural-historical sins, but it means instead to diminish it and, moreover, it means underestimating the organic complexity of the actions and the experiences of the prehistoric people.

International Journal of Management, Information Technology and Engineering (IJMITE), 2017

The development progress in construction industries have the great effects to the environmental especially in environmental change and waste produced. One of the causes of the construction waste is natural resources use exceeding what is required in construction process. Construction material waste refers to the materials from the construction location that cannot be used for construction purposes and must be removed for any reasons. In the implementation of a building construction project, it can be avoided the residual of construction material or commonly called construction waste. Beside effects on the cost, construction waste also affects to the environmental. This research aims to determine the type and quantity of dominant construction waste that is raised in construction project and analyze the impact to the environmental. The location of this case study is DPU Banda Aceh Office Advanced Construction Project in Aceh Province. The methods used for data collection are field observation and interview. Data analysis using quantitative analysis examined descriptively. The results of the research mention that the screw steel reinforcement become the highest of the waste material found during the project construction which is 39.78% or Rp. 12,848,928.99. The dominant factors of the waste material are scattered/mixed with the soil, flow with the rainy, concrete waste still available in the mixer truck, less optimal of cutting process and lost due to the careless storage.

Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 2024

Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 2010