Attar of Neishabur

A gear is a rotating machine part having a cut tooth, which meshes with another toothed part in order to transmit torque. Gears are mainly typed like spur gears, helical gears, double helical gears, bevel gears, crown gears, hypoid gears, worm gears, rack and pinion, epi cyclic gears etc. This paper presents the stress analysis of mating teeth of spur gear to find maximum contact stress in the gear teeth. The results obtained from Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For the analysis, 15NiCr1Mo15 and SCM415 are used as the materials of the spur gear. The spur gears are designed in the Creo Parametric and the .iges file is exported to ANSYS. As Finite Element Method (FEM) is the easy and accurate technique for stress analysis, FEA is done in finite element software ANSYS 14.0. Also, deformation for 15NiCr1Mo15 and SCM415 is obtained as the efficiency of the gear depends on its deformation. The results show that the maximum contact stresses and induced bending stresses obtained from Finite Element Analysis are very less and well under the safe limit. The deformation patterns of 15NiCr1Mo15 and SCM415 gears depict that the difference in their deformation is negligible.

El siglo XV es una centuria de recuperación económica y demográfica para Europa, pero la toma de Constantinopla en 1453 por los turcos inicia la búsqueda del acceso directo al Extremo Oriente, en busca de las especias y del oro. Los portugueses son los primeros en buscar esa ruta bordeando el contorno africano (era la ruta del este); los españoles, con el proyecto de Cristóbal Colón, utilizaron la ruta del oeste, cruzando el Atlántico y dando lugar al descubrimiento de América. Las monarquías se hicieron más fuertes todavía (monarquía autoritaria). En España este tipo de monarquía, implantada por los Reyes Católicos, marcó el fin de la Edad Media y el inicio de la Edad Moderna, que abarca desde 1453 hasta 1789. En España las fechas de referencia serían 1492, por el descubrimiento de América, y 1808, por el estallido de la Guerra de la Independencia, que puso en crisis al Antiguo Régimen y permitió el primer triunfo del régimen liberal en España.

An article about creativity.

COELHO 2016  

The satellite scatterometer QuikSCAT wind field has been available every 12 hours on Lake Superior since 19 July 1999. The wind data cover most of the interior area of the lake with a spatial resolution of about 25 km. Driving the three‐dimensional Lake Superior circulation model by the QuikSCAT winds, we resimulated the 1999 seasonal variability of currents in Lake Superior. A comparison was made with our previous simulation results, which relied on the wind field interpolated from moored buoys and land‐based meteorological stations. The model driven by QuikSCAT winds improved the simulation of the spatial coverage area of the cold band during upwelling favorable wind events and the current jet during downwelling favorable wind events observed along the Keweenaw coast in July–October 1999. A statistical analysis shows that these improvements were mainly reflected in the low‐frequency variation of the long‐shore current, even though the overall deviation between computed and observe...

Microbial diversity in vineyards and in grapes has generated significant scientific interest. From a biotechnological perspective, vineyard and grape biodiversity has been shown to impact soil, vine, and grape health and to determine the fermentation microbiome and the final character of wine. Thus, an understanding of the drivers that are responsible for the differences in vineyard and grape microbiota is required. The impact of soil and climate, as well as of viticultural practices in geographically delimited areas, have been reported. However, the limited scale makes the identification of generally applicable drivers of microbial biodiversity and of specific microbial fingerprints challenging. The comparison and meta-analysis of different datasets is furthermore complicated by differences in sampling and in methodology. Here we present data from a wide-ranging coordinated approach, using standardized sampling and data generation and analysis, involving four countries with differe...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation was examined in Finns, Swedes and Tuscans by PCR amplification and restriction analysis. About 99% of the mtDNAs were subsumed within 10 mtDNA haplogroups (H, I, J, K, M, T, U, V, W, and X) suggesting that the identified haplogroups could encompass virtually all European mtDNAs. Because both hypervariable segments of the mtDNA control region were previously sequenced in the Tuscan samples, the mtDNA haplogroups and control region sequences could be compared. Using a combination of haplogroup-specific restriction site changes and control region nucleotide substitutions, the distribution of the haplogroups was surveyed through the published restriction site polymorphism and control region sequence data of Caucasoids. This supported the conclusion that most haplogroups observed in Europe are Caucasoid-specific, and that at least some of them occur at varying frequencies in different Caucasoid populations. The classification of almost all Eur...

Kentler, yabancıyla karşılaşmanın ve farklı olana tahammülün sergilendiği ve farklı sosyal sınıflardan oluşan bir yapıyı temsil etmektedir. Elbette ki, kent mekânları, yabancıya tahammülün azaldığı, yabancının sürekli endişe kaynağı olarak görüldüğü ve nihai olarak da çatışma ortamlarının oluştuğu bir alan olmamalıdır. Göçmenlerin yerel halkla karşılaşma mekânlarının uyum amaçlı ele alınması gereği, bu çalışmanın temel motivasyonudur. Çalışma yöntemi; gruplar arası tehdit ve gruplar arası temas teorilerine yönelik yapılmış çalışmaların irdelenmesi ve bu perspektiften karşılaşma mekânlarına yönelik önerilerin sıralanması şeklindedir. Mekânda var olan farklı grupların birbirlerini algılaması ve bu algıların çatışmaya dönmeden, grupların birbirlerine temas edecekleri fırsatlar yaratılarak, toplumsal uyumun yakalanması önemli, ancak bir o kadar da zorlu bir süreçtir. Çok boyutlu, çok aktörlü ve katılımcı uyum politikalarının uygulanması; farklı grupların eşit düzeyde, uzun süreli ve çoklu temas kurulabileceği fiziki ve sosyal alanların oluşmasıyla mümkündür. Suriyeli sığınmacılar meselesinin kentlerde, karşılaşma ve uyum açısından ele alınması, çocuk mekânları öncelikli olarak yapılabilir. Çünkü çocuklar toplumun üçte birini ve sığınmacı nüfusun yarısını oluşturmaktadır. Sokak düzeyinden başlayarak, çocuk oyun alanları, eğitim mekânları, meydanlar ve ticari akslar, toplumsal uyum odaklı tasarım için ele alınabilir.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a female reproductive defect with a prevalence rate of 2.2% to 26% in the world and Indian adolescents at a rate of 9.13%. The polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine syndrome related to increase in the secretion of hyperandrogenemia with increasing risk of hyperinsulinism, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hirsutism dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and finally leading to an endometrial tumor. The endocrine hormones are regulated by various factors like environment, photoperiod, ambient temperature, relative humidity availability of food, etc. Cynodon dactylon or Bermuda grass is seen all over the world. C. dactylon is a stoloniferous, hardy perennial grass, very much variable with long rapid growing, rooting at nodes, forming a dense tuft on the top of the soil.C.dactylon plant was collected and 100gm of plant powder was mixed with 1,000ml of distilled water and heated till boiling temperature. The mixture was filtered and lyophilization...