Anibal 1 2

RSSL LIfe Sciences, 2024

Some proteins and many cell cultures are infected with viruses. Should a virus survive the manufacturing process, it presents an impurity with the ability to risk patient health. For this reason, biopharmaceutical manufacturers need to invest and develop virus clearance approaches. At least two viral clearance steps that either remove or inactive potential viruses are required by regulatory authorities. Standard viral clearance is achieved through heat, chromatographic separations (for example, through protein A/ion exchange columns), low-pH treatments, solvent/detergent (S/D) viral inactivation and nanofiltration. This article considers the solvent-detergent process which is used against enveloped viruses.

SUMMARY: In light of recent technological advancements over the decades especially with Information Technology (IT), the 'Building Information Modelling' (BIM) is one of those advancements that have attracted significant attentions in UK construction industry. The UK government has acknowledged this trend and is joining the radical movement of adopting BIM by also making it a prerequisite for all those involved in public sector projects to have BIM ready by 2016. For Quantity Surveying (QS) profession, BIM presents huge challenges and opportunities, particularly in the area of cost estimating and quantity takeoff. BIM offers the capability to automatically generate quantity takeoffs and measurement directly from a digital model of a building, a process that traditionally is very time consuming for quantity surveyors. However, there is little evidence that BIM is systematically introduced in quantity surveying profession in UK largely due to majority of the BIM based cost estimating or takeoff tools developed outside UK and adopted the different practice and rules in quantification. In this paper, we examine the cost estimating practice and procedure in UK and the impact of the use of BIM. A number of key challenges have been identified in term of information exchange, model quality and UK standards. It also reviews the existing BIM based cost estimating tools in the context of UK quantity surveying practice. A review methodology is developed to evaluate the ability of the existing BIM technology to support the UK QS practices. The methodology is applied to a number of leading BIM based estimating tools. The review assesses the technical and process approach of each tool and their ability of adapting to UK quantity surveying practice, particularly with the New Rules of Measurement (NRM), which is aimed to provide a holistic view of the technologies for the Quantity Surveying professions to make informed decisions.

Éditions La Dondaine, Medium.com, 2024

Xavier Rouard searches and researches the linguistic world, scientific research of course, for the origin, the cradle, the homeland, or the motherland, of Indo-European. He is not the only one in the world, but he goes against practically all the others by positioning this linguistic nursery in Central Asia based on a Eurasian or trans-Eurasian language or languages. But precisely Eurasian languages only came into existence from the moment when syntactic-analytic Indo-Iranian languages left the Iranian plateau where they had stationed themselves when they arrived from Black Africa, some 40,000 years ago, or BCE, not much difference here. They had to go through the Ice Age first and finally get on the move after this climate event probably around 15,000 BCE, some east to the southern Asian continent, with Pakistan and India, others west down into Mesopotamia and from there to Europe. These people, on both side, encountered people who spoke other languages, Turkic agglutinative languages, and isolating Sino-Tibetan languages, mostly. These languages had integrated the Denisovans and their own language(s). Thes encountered people were hybrid Homo Sapiens with a varying proportion of Denisovan DNA in Central Asia, and the same in Mesopotamia with a varying proportion od Neanderthalensis DNA. When they reached Europe, the population was essentially of Turkic language and origin with a varying level of hybridization with European Homo Neanderthalensis. It is such encounters that generated or engendered the various Indo-European or Indo-Aryan languages My approach is phylogenetic and thus it is absolutely impossible for me not to take into consideration the migrations and geographic, hence social, cultural and linguistic movements of these populations. That’s the basic principle of Joseph Greenberg who considered that all these migrations had only one matrix or melting pot that produced the emergence of human articulated language on the basis of what these emerging Homo Sapiens inherited from the other Hominins from which they were descending. But Joseph Greenberg and his disciples encountered a problem: in all language you should find a certain number of words whose “roots” are universal and stable in meaning. These are the roots coming from Black Africa before any migration out of Black Africa. The problem is then that it does not enable any topology of languages. So, they, Greenberg and his disciples, tried to introduce “grammatical” or “syntactic” words, but even so it does go that far. To get somewhere you have to ask the question about the phylogeny of articulated language(s), and there you only find three articulations in a precise order: root-languages (by the way vastly ignored by Xavier Rouard), Isolating character languages, and agglutinative as well as synthetic-analytic languages according to the migrations out of Black Africa. If you do not consider this phylogeny, then you put all sorts of languages together in the melting pot and you let things happen all by themselves. In my approach, languages are in contact thanks to the contacts established among the various communities speaking different languages, with exchanges, borrowings and communication. But finding out that words are vastly common among the languages of this Central Asian area does not prove anything. It is just the proper way languages works at the level of words. 60% of English words are of French origin. That does not make English a Romance language because the syntax of English is definitely Germanic, and this makes English a Germanic language. That’s why a language can borrow words from another language because the syntax is not changed. Syntactic changes can only come from the phylogenic evolution of the concerned language, within the phylogeny of its linguistic family, within the phylogeny of language as a human competence. Welcome and enter the debate.

The Centenary of the Christmas Foundation Conference , 2024

Our work must be able to create something which goes beyond the mere intellectual interpretation of books, beyond the mere sentimental feelings, and the wistful, passive, willing. It must become an active impulse to do something in the world and to build a foundation for something much greater than us, something that will be of benefit to all humanity and the whole earth in such a great time of need, of suffering and the pain of so many people, the natural kingdoms and the elementals. The whole creation is groaning, as St. Paul would say, is groaning, is suffering from the fact that humanity is still so slow, lagging behind, closing tight the hearts, shutting the minds, using the will for non-human aims. Look how much effort and creativity, you can also say, subjectively speaking, good will, people invest in so many destructive things. A tremendous amount of intelligence is going into destructive things for such a long time and humanity’s awakening is still so slow. But you know, in the physical world we will not find in this age the source of the good news. We have to look to the spiritual, to find the source of the true, beautiful and good. There it is all happening. And the more people will be able to perceive the purely spiritual, the supersensible, the more we will be able to do truthful, beautiful, good things on the earth, but only in this way.

Villani Stefano, «A guisa di quelli d’Inghilterra»: Charles Beckwith e il modello anglicano per le valli valdesi, in Gian Paolo Romagnani (ed.), Storia dei valdesi, vol. III: Dal rimpatrio all’emancipazione (1690-1870), Claudiana, Torino 2024, pp. 375-383