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Gonçalo Brites
Nelson BritoRelated papers
Level of comfort in a traditional architectural typology: study the change to the level of comfort to know a gap-energy-need in a sustainable perspective
2004
How could people in the past fulfil their standards of comfort until XIX century? What different levels of comfort standards do we need now compared to those in the past? What is the precise level of comfort in each land or country nowadays? In this article ...
Kerpic’20_8th International Conference - Healthy Buildings: The Role of Earthen Materials on Providing Healthy and Sustainable Indoor Environment, 26-27 November 2020
Traces of Space in the Early Bronze Age Settlements in Ankara, 2020
Settlements in Anatolia rises on top of different cultural layers; These settlements, where human beings have met their needs of shelter from the moment they were born, together with society and the environment, contain different structural changes in parallel with the environmental and cultural conditions and the technology of the age. Archaeological settlements, which are components of cultural heritage and contain traces of human life, are symbols of the existence and continuity of the cultural groups that make up the society. They are the sources of knowledge of the past and important data sources for the preservation of urban culture and sustainable urban development. Our primary responsibility for the preservation of the archaeological cultural heritage that has survived until the present is to document the information resources of past civilizations with a holistic approach in accordance with the principles of preserving their original qualities without damaging their values. To ensure the continuity of the archaeological sites in Turkey, recommendations that are based on scientific research and evaluations and provide context dimension and appropriate environmental conditions should be implemented. In the study, firstly, the formation and development of the housing in the historical process were discussed over the mudbrick architecture in the first settlements in Anatolia. In this context, the architectural formations Ahlatlıbel, Etiyokuşu, Karaoğlan, Karayavşan, Külhöyük, Koçumbeli, and Çayyolu höyüks excavations of the Early Bronze Age settlements in the central districts of Ankara province were examined through the publications and documentation studies. Using the data obtained the location of the settlements and the mudbrick building architecture was examined. Finally, recommendations were put forward for the protection, reintegration, and sustainability of the studied archaeological sites.
The Sedentary Process and the Evolution of Energy Consumption in Eight Native American Dwellings: Analyzing Sustainability in Traditional Architecture
Sustainability, 2020
According to the research developed by André Leroi-Gourhan in 1964, entitled “Gesture and speech”, the evolution of human beings during Prehistory was linked to the search for work efficiency. As time passed, man designed increasingly complex tools whose production implied a decreasing amount of energy. The aim of the present research was to determine if this evolution, which occurred in parallel to the sedentary process, also affected architecture, specifically if it can be detected on traditional dwellings, particularly in those built by the Native American Indians during the pre-Columbian period. Due to their great diversity, since both nomad and sedentary models can be found among them, and to the available information about their morphology and technical characteristics, these models offer a unique opportunity to study the consequences of this process for architecture. In order to achieve it, an alternative parameter that can be determined for any type of building was designed....
1874-8368/10 2010 Bentham Open Open Access The Wisdom of Mediterranean Traditional Architecture Versus Contem- porary Architecture – The Energy Challenge
2016
Abstract: Domestic vernacular architecture has evolved over many years to address the problems inherent in housing. Through a process of trial and error our predecessors have found ways to cope with the extremes of climate. The influ-ence of Western cultures is, however, all pervading. The trend towards an internationalized style of building could result in a reduction in the traditional solutions, which have served several cultures well for many centuries. Of course, people quite rightly demand high standards of comfort in buildings. Such standards can be achieved by using modern air-conditioning systems, which are expensive in initial cost and are very demanding of energy in the long term. It is possible to create the standards required with the careful use of traditional techniques of thermal control. The advan-tages are clear; there is a dramatic reduction of energy needs and an increased use of the architectural style with which people feel at ease. This is not to say that desi...
Design and Operation of Constructions: A Healthy Living Environment-Parametric Studies and New Solutions
Sustainability, 2019
The problem of the environment in the inhabited area, in particular of the hygienic-sanitary comfort, are current topics of concern for the builders. The interest of the authors meets the requirements of the tenant. In general, it seems that the cause of the hygienic-sanitary discomfort of the inhabited environment would be the faulty execution of the construction or an inconsistent architectural conception; the current paper presents several factors that cause this discomfort, the tenant being just one of them. The result of faulty operation/utilization of living spaces is inadmissible for those who live there, both materially and with repercussions on their health. Additionally, this paper demonstrates the deficiency of the existing energy performance certificate. The results of our research offer real solutions in eliminating, solving, and correcting the hygienic-sanitary discomfort of the environment inside the buildings; this can be achieved by designing, executing and operatin...
User Thermal Comfort in Historic Buildings: Evaluation of the Potential of Thermal Mass, Orientation, Evaporative Cooling and Ventilation
Sustainability, 2020
The study investigated the level of thermal comfort in historical buildings located at a relatively high altitude in the Arabian Desert of Saudi Arabia. The study focused on the impact of the use of thermal mass and orientation on the level of thermal performance at Shubra and Boqri Palaces. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used in this study, including a questionnaire interview with architecture experts living at the relatively high altitude of Taif city, to obtain data and information from local experts. The computer software TAS EDSL was used along with on-site equipment, such as thermal imaging cameras and data loggers, to observe the physical conditions of the building in terms of its thermal performance. The study revealed that the experts’ age and years of experience were important aspects while collecting data from them during the survey. The use of thermal mass had a slight impact on the indoor air temperature as well as the energy consumption, but it helped in pr...
FLUID MECHANICS DEMYSTIFIED FIFTH EDITION
In this book we look at an alternative way of deriving the governing equations of fluid flow using conservation of energy techniques on a differential element undergoing shear stress or viscous forces as it moves along a pipe and we use the expression for friction coefficient for laminar flow to derive the equations. We also derive a friction coefficient to work for Torricelli flow. We look at laminar, and turbulent flow. We look at cases where there is a pipe on a tank or an orifice and we develop the governing equations. We then develop a universal formula or equation that works for all types of flow i.e., laminar, transition and turbulen t flow in one equation. We go ahead and demonstrate Pouiselle flow and the conditions under which it will be observed. We explain other phenomena too.
La reforma y el pasivo pensional: un yerro en las estimaciones
Documentos Breves, 2024
Varias de las más influyentes entidades que se ocupan del análisis económico en el país han publicado documentos acerca de los efectos sobre el pasivo pensional que tendría la reforma que cursa en el Congreso. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las estimaciones de tales efectos en la definición de las políticas de protección social de la vejez en Colombia, es difícil entender el motivo por el cual el examen de las metodologías utilizadas ha sido tan escaso, más cuando las estimaciones difieren tanto entre sí. Si bien ello puede obedecer en parte a lo intrincado del ejercicio, no ayuda mucho tampoco la parquedad y vaguedad metodológicas que suelen exhibir los documentos aludidos. Así y todo, vale la pena someterlos a escrutinio. En esta ocasión quiero llamar la atención sobre una deficiencia metodológica ─bastante seria, a mi juicio─ que aqueja a la gran mayoría de los trabajos al respecto, deficiencia que tiene implicaciones sobre el diseño del sistema de pilares, incluyendo la escogencia del umbral de ingresos a partir del cual se debería empezar a cotizar al componente de ahorro individual del pilar contributivo.
“Upgrade opportunities for buildings
in city centers” (ongoing Ph.D. thesis)
Learning from Traditional Knowledge
towards engaged inhabiting
Assumptions
• Well designed and built ancient buildings were able to guarantee comfort;
• Culture instilled good practices;
• Most of ancient buildings related discomfort comes from improper use;
Modern day limitations
• Few can stay home to learn and use well their homes;
• Energy is becoming a major issue;
A "hard science" approach proves that:
•New tools help for new findings, and new strategies;
•Ancient buildings can be very efficient,
•They are worth being more investigated and worked on.
Nelson BRITOa,b,c, Manuel GAMEIRO DA SILVAa, Gonçalo BRITESa, Rute CASTELAc, Paula FONSECAb
but...
(a) ADAI, LAETA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra
(b) ISR, Instituto de Sistemas e Robótica, Coimbra, (c) modular, arq:i+d, lda
Travessa de Montarroio, 2, 3000-288 Coimbra, Portugal. Tel. (+351) 917600000, info@modular.pt
• users and stakeholders are not convinced;
• technicians prefer to build new, without “limitations”;
• legislation is to heavy, and interpretations troublesome;
• there is no money to do it right, they say.
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Presentation
structure:
Energy Efficiency:
an opportunity?
Energy Efficiency (EE):
an opportunity?
Energy Security &
Climate Change
Towards
Energy Efficacy
– New buildings:
Reactivating
Traditional Knowledge
– Ancient buildings:
2
• Main focus, most of money;
• Dictate rules / solutions;
• Biggest:
– built area &
– energy consumption;
Living legacy:
involving others
• RED EPBD certificates
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
3
4
IEA EBC Annex 56
Energy Efficiency: an opportunity?
High cost
Energy Security and Climate Change require actions
Low cost
Cost Effective Energy and Carbon Emissions Optimization
Negative
in Building Renovation
cost
Operating Agent: Manuela AlmeidaUniversidade do Minho
(Initial idea from Andreas Eckmanns)
• Buildings represent 40% of the energy consumption in Europe
• Ancient buildings are the large majority
Ocupants & stakeholders
Minimize needs
City center ancient buildings have
triple savings potential:
• In knowledge: built before fossil fuels;
• In centrality: less transportation consumption;
• Well placed demonstrators of good practices.
Energy conservation
Reduce Energy/Carbon
Energy efficiency & Renewables
nZEB: nearly Zero Energy Buildings
Produce beyond needs
“+” Energy Buildings
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
5
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
6
Opportunity
Opportunity for maintenance?
“The impact of small actions on the majority of the
existing buildings would far outweigh their potential
efficiency and viability for a fraction of the cost”
1845
20%
EXISTING buildings:
potential savings with 20% reduction (easy and low cost)
2014
40%
60%
80%
New “nZEB”
buildings
potential
savings
100%
1 Variação estimada do consumo dos edifícios por épocas de construção, com indicação da área construída acumulada (in IEA ECBCS Annex 56)
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
7
Scale & rehabilitation strategies
8
Funding for (more) new
3.000.000€ Service buildings:
“Buildings don’t use energy, people do” Janda
(huge consumptions, investment and decision capacity, easy ROI: Return of investment)
• Detailed depiction, integrated interventions
One SERVICE with:
• Multidisciplinary teams pushing together
• Responsibility from engaged parties: viability, scheduled maintenance and optimization, …
20.000€ Residencial buildings:
(small consumptions, no investment / decision capacity, context costs make ROI difficult)
• Generic depictions, many teams of “specialists” pulling their own direction
Too many PRODUCTS
• “Average” user approach, which is none of us
• Incapacity to guarantee real savings: “one size fits all”
• Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) ≠ efficacy and economic viability
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
9
10
In short:
Towards
Energy
Efficacy
Rehabilitation legislation and rules:
• Most legislation, efforts/money for new buildings
• old buildings will never comply with these inadequate rules
Thanks to you,
many historic buildings are exempted
“Montarroio” case study:
– Assess, depict, upgrade
and optimize
• Tagged as:
• energy hogs, “cast-away”, a burden for society
Is it really good to be left out?
• How can you be proud of your old home nowadays?
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
11
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
12
Tape measurement
Towards Energy Efficacy:
“Montarroio” case study
– In the city center of Coimbra, Portugal, in the protection areas of
“Jardim da Manga”, nacional monumento and UNESCO;
• Built and changed throughout centuries;
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
13
Laser scan &photogrammetry
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
14
Video(photo)grammetry?
– Images from a flying drone (AR-drone with iPhone 4S)
Special thanks to Luis Mateus and project ReabOp, FCT (PTDC/ATP-AQI/5355/2012)
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
15
BIM: 3D, 4D & 5D representation
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Termography (infra-red imaging)
±08:30h
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
16
17
±14:30h
±18:30h
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
18
“Online” measurements (2011-05-13)
“Online” measurements (2013-07-09)
– WSBP Janus System
CO2 reading: I went there at 07.00h
30ºC
Exterior temperature
15ºC
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
19
Summer
human failure (2013-07-09)
Open shutters, closed windows = “greenhouse effect”
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
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Dynamic simulation
30ºC
Exterior temperature
15ºC
Passive, bioclimatic, green, …, architecture?
Yes: If adequate to the users lifestyle;
No: If no one is home to activate gadgets; if it is not “fail-safe”
Otherwise? ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) assistance
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
21
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
22
Reactivating
Traditional Knowledge
Problems
Existing buildings rehabilitation
Neighborhood scale
detailed depictions?
• measurable cost-effective
energy-saving retrofit and upgrade interventions require
information that is still too hard to retrieve and compile;
Better starting points?
Energy consumption reduction in buildings
Mass-customization?
• Efficient equipments ≠ efficient energy use;
• Efficacy—“the power to produce an effect”1—
will only be attained when information is available with an
acceptable cost, quality and consistency
Intensive local
workforce instead of
imports?
Efficacy (Merriam-Webster, 2014)
“Izidoro” Chart, 1845. Montarroio is
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
23
depicted
in the
center
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito,
info@modular.pt
, tlm.
+351 917of
600the
000 circle
24
Solutions
Studied options for Montarroio
Neighborhood scale detailed depictions?
• Professional grade service, lower costs
• Reduced context costs, improved intervention
• Multidisciplinary teams
• Research centers can optimize resources
• In line with:
• funding mechanisms like “Jessica”
• community driven conservation, …
One detailed model for 600€?
• Stimulate “mass-customization”
• Create the need for more knowledge
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
25
Studied options: thermal analysis
26
No
expert
needed:
Something
bad will
happen in Option B
due to
internal
insulation
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
Option A:
no insulation
Option E
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
International Energy Agency IEA EBC Annex56
Option B:
internal insulation
Option C
THERM, depiction of thermal behavior of the five options (special thanks to Eng. Marlene Melo)
Figure 9: THERM, depiction of thermal behavior of the five options (special thanks to Eng. Marlene Melo)
27
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
International Energy Agency IEA EBC Annex56
28
International Energy Agency IEA EBC Annex56
Reactivating Traditional Knowledge
Integrate the knowledge of yesterday and today
• present and future needs and expectations
• ICT towards mass customized solutions
Promote sustainability
• Local sources/ materials/ energy
• Quality of Life (IEQ; IAQ, …)
• New/old “arts and crafts”: local labor
Inform and Empower users and stakeholders
• Develop and make simple:
• Life Cycle Costs (LCC) , Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), …
• Value patrimony and collective pride
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
Needed twist: from degraded area…
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
32
…to a place for architecture, again?
33
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
34
Living legacy
Multiply case studies:
A 3D print: model or symbol?
– Collective strength;
– Good practice guides;
– Demonstrate EFFICACY
A box, left outside, inviting to:
• look in a different perspective:
– “normal” people don´t understand “plans” and “cuts” language
Funding
• use ICT for more information: QR code, NFC
– H2020 Energy Efficiency;
– UrbAct
– Other local sources
Touch, feel, ask.
Peer review: you ALL
• questions, opinions,
contacts, invitations, …
Special thanks to Tiago Fróis and Oficinas do Convento, UNESCO Center, Montemor-o-Novo, PT
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
35
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
36
Milestones
In what are we better than others?
Multiply the number of case studies
We value:
– buildings and people as teams;
– multidisciplinary approaches;
– immaterial (tasty) things like Mediterranean Diet
• Promote a wide network of partners
• Research Centers, Universities, private, …
Support neighborhood/zone-based approaches
• (Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity)
• In line wide funding, in line with people
Energy effective mass- customization
How does this connect with buildings?
• A good excuse for maintenance and improvements
• Make it easy and appealing through ICT: mobile phones!
– Example:
• An oven cooking inputs about 3kWh of heat
A movement towards engaged inhabiting
– (2 or 3 electric resistance heaters), cosy in winter but bad idea in summer
• Re-learn how to use your house;
• what you cook affects your comfort (Winter food: roast = heat)
Cooking habits used to be related with seasons
• Work is needed to demonstrate impacts
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
37
With whom?
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
38
With what?
Investigation Centers
Horizon 2020 funds for energy efficiency
– Energy use, Efficacy and Optimization
– Virtual models depiction;
– Interface with all stakeholders
» ancient buildings
have the most potential for lower cost.
Governmental Institutions
– Support to the energy efficiency and to the economy
– Promoting scale (neighbourhood, city, etc) approaches
Business and suppliers
– Optimize efficiency to reach efficacy
– Reduce context costs
EeB-05-2015:
Innovative design tools for refurbishing of buildings at
district level
EeB-06-2015:
Integrated solutions of thermal energy storage for building
applications
EeB-07-2015:
New tools and methodologies to reduce the gap between
predicted and actual energy performances at the level of
buildings and blocks of buildings
EeB-08-2015:
Integrated approach to retrofitting of residential buildings
Technicians
– Informed knowledge with low cost price
Users and owners
– Effective savings / improvement = trust
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
39
Actions, instead of complaints:
Help needed:
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
40
Acknowledgments
(please feel free to contact!)
• This thesis is developed within the
University of Coimbra/MIT Portugal Energy for Sustainability Initiative
funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/51017/2010
and possible with the engaged commitment of stakeholders from
• To peer-review prototype beyond (my/others) personal taste;
• For help on similar projects all over the world;
• To develop a network of “demonstration projects”.
– WSBP, lda (www.wsbp.eu),
– ADAI
– modular, arq:i+d, lda,
– IGESPAR,
– Câmara Municipal de Coimbra,
to name a few.
Steal, copy or contribute with ideas for H2020 funding!
•Approved applications and visible results help us all!
•Open calls for Energy Efficiency: Horizon 2020: Feb 2015
•New regulations need new scientific support
•Efficacy (and Quality of Life) are essential for Europe 2020 goals
We must scientifically demonstrate the obvious.
•Proposal: an ICOMOS task-force for nZEB ancient buildings?
Universidade de Coimbra, ADAI/LAETA & modular, arq:i+d, lda nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , tlm. +351 917 600 000
41
University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA / modular, arq:i+d, lda Presented by nelson silva brito, info@modular.pt , +351 917 600 000 42
Learning from Traditional Knowledge
towards engaged inhabiting
Nelson BRITOa,b,c, Manuel GAMEIRO DA SILVAa, Gonçalo BRITESa, Rute CASTELAc, Paula FONSECAb
(a) ADAI, LAETA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra
(b) ISR, Instituto de Sistemas e Robótica, Coimbra, (c) modular, arq:i+d, lda
Travessa de Montarroio, 2, 3000-288 Coimbra, Portugal. Tel. (+351) 917600000, info@modular.pt
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