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Hrvatskoglagoljski notarijat otoka Krka. Notari Dubašnice, sv. 1. Treći notarski protokol Jura Sormilića (1726. – 1734.) / Croatian Glagolitic Notary Service of Krk. Notaries of Dubašnica, vol. 1. Third Notarial Protocol of Jure Sormilić (1726–1734). Priredili, uvodnu studiju napisali, rječnik i kazala izradili / Editing, introductory study, creation of the glossary and index by Tomislava BOŠNJAK BOTICA, Ivan BOTICA, Tomislav GALOVIĆ, Zagreb: Hrvatski državni arhiv – Staroslavenski institut – Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu - FF-press – Povijesno društvo otoka Krka, 2016., 438 str./pp. + CD-ROM The Croatian Glagolitic Notary Service. Numerous pages written in the Croatian language and the Glagolitic script testify about a specific legal act or concluded business. All of them belong to the Croatian Glagolitic notary service, a legal institution of the Kvarner islands, Istria and the Croatian coast, already unique due to the fact that it enriched western European legal culture with the non-Latin Glagolitic script. Despite the fact that the Croatian Glagolitic notary service is comparable to the Latin and Italian notary service of the Croatian territory, its content, development, territorial scope, and chronological framework have still not been fully investigated. Even though valuable studies and published sources on the Croatian Glagolitic notary service exist, many of its scriptures have still not been investigated and published. Third Notarial Protocol. The Third Notarial Protocol of Jure Sormilić reveals residents of Dubašnica, Dobrinjština, Omišalj villages and Šotovento, i.e. their everyday life during the second quarter of the 18th century. The protocol itself was written from March 10th, 1726 until August 23rd, 1734 in Sormilić’s house. Out of 297 in total, 166 legal acts were established here. The formula zneto i plaćeno, which the notaries recorded on the margin, indicates that the parties of the Third Notarial Protocol of Jure Sormilić were issued 240 notarial documents. Other legal acts, records and certificates were drafted throughout the villages of Dubašnica (49), Dobrinjština (39), Šotovento (24), Omišalj (23) and in Krk itself (4), in houses, courts, workshops, churches, sacristies, under Baras and in cemeteries. Legal business was possible wherever people were living and gathering. Jure Sormilić spent most of his time on business in Dubašnica. We find him, as he himself states, in Barušić (1), Bogović (4), Kovači (166), Kraljić (2), Kremenić (3), Malinska (1), Marković (1), Milčetić (4), Oštrobradić (1), on Poganke (3), in Porat (5), Radić (3), Rudine (1), Sabljić (6), Strilčić (1), Sveti Anton (2), Sveti Polinar (3), Turčić (1), Vlašić (1) and Zidarić (3). Outside of his locality, called „kaštel” by the coastal and island residents, he travelled throughout the former territory of Dobrinj (City, Gabonjin, Gržetić, Polje, Sveta Mandaljena), Glavotok (Brzac, Pinezić, Sveta Fuska, Sveti Petar), Krk/Veja (Linardić, Mala placa in Krk, Sveti Ivan), Omišalj (Miholjice, Semin, Sršić, Sveti Vid) and Poljica (Milohnić, Selo). Clients or parties from other Krk localities (Bajčić, Brusić, Hlapa, Kras, Lizer, Ljutić, Maršić, Milohnić, Milovčić, Nenadić, Njivice, Omišalj, Pinezić, Soline Sužan, Vantačić, Vrbnik, Vrh, Žgaljić, etc.) also came to him, including some from Cres (Merga Kučine). Some of the listed places no longer exist today, some merged with others, and the official forms recorded by Sormilić of most of the existing ones were officially changed half a century ago. Jure Sormilić was a notary public of the Republic of Venice. He and his contemporary Anton Petriš, notary public from Vrbnik, were authorized to compile public acts, issue public documents and certify private documents in the Croatian language as legally valid in the territory of the Republic of Venice. They were doing that in Glagolitic script. Like Andrej Bendata, Frančesko Paštari, Bernardin Dudi, Zan-Antono Travižan and Jakom Kalerić – Krk notaries for the Italian language, which were recorded in Sormilić’s notarial protocol in specific acts – they had the right of safeguarding „depožiti” (deposits) of all valuable items (money, heirlooms, various books and documents) for the purposes of handing them over to other people or competent bodies. So, a notary of the Croatian language and Glagolitic script in the territory of the Republic of Venice did not legally differ from a notary of the Italian language and Latin script. Still, it is unclear why Jure Sormilić did not compile a single legal act between September 6th, 1726 and April 12th, 1731. Given that there is no interruption in the numbering of documents between these dates, we presume that he was outside the public notary service. Did the competent chamber from Krk forbid or limit his legal capacity? Was he unfit to duly perform the entrusted service due to some kind of physical or mental weakness? All of those and other questions will be left unanswered for now. Beside Sormilić’s hand, another hand has written six shorter certifications in the Venetian idiom of the Italian language in the Third Notarial Protocol (June 16th, 1726, December 10th, 1731, June 8th, 1732, December 5th, 1732, June 7th, 1733, December 9th, 1733), as well as one longer certification (January 26th, 1734). Among the papers, mostly without any specific order, there are around ten notes (bulletins). Sometimes, those are bulletins of Dubašnica, Dobrinj, Poljice, and Omišalj clerks (officials) on performed listings (calls), and sometimes they are actual links whose context is easier or harder to determine. Officials were local clerks who advertised legal businesses, most often purchases, in public places. For three published calls in front of two witnesses, they received compensation of 10-12 soldi. After publishing three calls, three Sundays in a row at a specific place and time in front of gathered folk, the official used a note or a bulletin to notify the notary of potential complaints regarding the concluded business. After that, the notary would record the published calls on a document’s margin and would, if needed, publish a charter or instrument on a performed piece of legal business. While analysing this type of contract, fr. Mavro Velnić noticed „that the Bodulija resident was certainly socially sensitive” because some of the contracts had to be subsequently „assessed” (evaluated), so „if a larger value was determined, the buyer will recoup the difference, and if a value was smaller, the seller will return the difference”. According to the Third Notarial Protocol of Jure Sormilić, officials in Dubašnica were Paval Kraljić, Jure Dijanović and Matij Dobrilović, officials in Dobrinj were Ivan Šamanić, Jure Franković and Jure Pačković (Pačko), and the official in Omišalj was Matij Turčić. In a public place in Krk/Veja, purchases were disclosed by the „trumbita” (announcer) Jerolim Fefe. It is interesting that Sužan had his own official Matij Mavrović, unlike Poljice where Dubašnica notaries were performing calls at the parish church of the St Cosmas and Damian. We presume that the custom of the disclosure of public calls in Dubašnica was performed at the most important gathering place of Dubašnica residents, next to the old parish church of St Apollinaris. The real estate appraisers, the so-called „štimaduri” called rotnici publiki i meštri publiki, definitely added to the dynamic of economical everyday life, as can be seen in the Third Notarial Protocol of Jure Sormilić. While establishing the market price of a specific object expressed in libri, the then-current Venetian denomination from the 18th century, each of the contracting parties had its own appraiser. Among the Dubašnica appraisers, judge Ivan Milčetić of the late Ivan especially stands out as a commonly seen name in contractual proceedings. Beside purchases and trades, appraisers also assessed the value of a bride’s dowry or dota. The assessment of the value of clothes, sheets and furniture itself was most often left to women. Around fifty purchase and dowry contracts were concluded with an agreement without an appraiser. In that way, the parties were able to save some money, though an appraiser’s job was paid in relatively modest amounts, most often expressed in soldi. The notary service was not compensated much better than that either.
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 40 (2019) 2: 869-897.
Combating Corruption in Croatia in the Middle Ages: an Example of Croatian Legal Documents – the Law Code of Vinodol (1288) and Statute of the island of Krk/Vrbnik (1388)2019 •
The Croatian medieval lands were encompassed by Western European civilization and its culture, language and script, collectively referred to as orbis Latinus, but they were also lands in which there was a notable influence of different legal systems. In this paper, we will discuss combating corruption in Croatia in the Middle Ages: an example of Croatian legal documents – the Law Code of Vinodol (1288) and Statute of the island of Krk (1388). The first part of this paper is a general introduction, which defines history and legal history of Vinodol. The Law Code of Vinodol is in many ways a vital historical source, not only for legal history and linguistics, but also for knowledge of social structures in medieval Vinodol, the organization of the Church, and the ethnographic and cultural heritage. In the second part of this paper the focus will be on the Statute of Krk or Vrbnik, which is chronologicaly the second codex/statute written in the Croatian language and Glagolitic script. It is formally only a century younger than the Law Code, or Codex, of Vinodol from 1288, and was composed in the same year as the Latin-language Statute of Senj.
In honour of Mirko Ramovš!
Koleda for the Future – Tanac Dances for all Generations. Intangible Culture in the Digital Age2015 •
The Koleda refers to the ritual event that takes place during the Christmas and New Year periods, with processions moving from house to house and participants expressing good wishes and collecting gifts. The Koleda of Dubašnica on the Island of Krk is special because a king and queen are chosen. The traditional tanac dance and the revival of the custom after a quarter of a century are presented in this context. The excellent levels of organization displayed by the local community, which uses digital technology to facilitate communication and keep documentation up to date more efficiently, has proven to be very important. Koleda (koledovanje) je ritual v božično-novoletnem času. Zanj je značilna hoja v procesiji od hiše do hiše, pri tem udeleženci izrekajo dobre želje in pobirajo darove. Koleda iz Dubašnice na otoku Krku je nekaj posebnega, ker pri tem izbirajo kralja in kraljico. V kontekstu teh praks sta predstavljena tradicionalni ples tanac in proces obnove rituala po četrtstoletni opustitvi. Dobro organizacijo lokalne skupnosti podpira uporaba sodobne tehnologije, ki omogoča lažjo komunikacijo, hkrati pa zelo učinkovit način dokumentiranja, ki se je že pokazal kot zelo pomemben. In honour of Mirko Ramovš!
The Position of Women on the East Adriatic Coast in the Middle and Early Modern Ages
Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Image of the Town in the Narrative Sources: Reality and/or Fiction?
Introductory study: Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Image of the Town in the Narrative Sources: Reality and/or Fiction?2017 •