American Dunkirk

There have been many celebrated engines in war history but the Aquabelle ship and the Spitfire Mk1 N3200 plane can justifiably claim to be among the most famous of the Operation Dynamo taken over to Dunkirk and emerged from the World War II. Information about the Salvation by floods are to be read in "L'Est Républicain" 01-06-1940 page 3: La Bataille des Flandres https://kiosque.limedia.fr/ark:/31124/dbkpb3rl1gwmqvhr/

Historian, 2010

The Journal of American and Canadian Studies, 2013

FIRST BATTLE OF DUNKIRK & BEF EVACUATION OF EUROPE, 2018

ABSTRACT | The Dunkirk Battle & Evacuation was an instant in the war (and now in military history) when modern technology came to head with old-class technology and thinking, of the past WWI. In this battle, Germany revolutionized warfare by introducing speed, large bodies of armor maneuvers, real-time radio telecommunication, focal and concentrated forward reconnaissance, unmatched planning, well-trained field commanders, high-spirit soldiers, and motivated leadership aerial bombardment in a superbly coordinated blitzkrieg. From May 9th until June 22sd, the global paramount assault on Western Europe (Battle of France) rendered Denmark, Norway, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Holland under German dominance, power, and influence until 1944-1945. The First Battle of Dunkirk, this moment shocked the Allies completely (England and France), and they will not recover for another two years, until November 1942, El Alamain, North Africa Campaign, and only after studying the German tactics and applying the lessons of 1939-1942 + American Assistance in logistics, armor ( 300 Sherman Tanks, completely equipped and fueled), and ammunition. Like in WWI, America's role in the war, was (totally) fundamental and tilted the wart balance in the Allies' favor. Approved in May 1941, the Lend-Lease Program, was an infusion of massive American strategic help & assistance (Britain, Soviet Russia, etc.), in military and civilian equipment, arms, supplies, energy, food, finance, technology transfer, and dedicated manpower, an enormous “gift”. Only with America (USA), the European Allies became victors in WWII. By 1949, The British Colonial Empire was lost. Then French Colonial Empire was lost, as well, by the fall of Indochina, Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, and Tunisia. The Second Battle of Dunkirk, occurred as from Sept. 15th, 1944, and lasted until May 9th, 1945. The German perimeter (city and port) resisted until the very end of the War in Europe. In fact, Dunkirk was the last area under German control, to surrender, two days after the V-day in Europe, May 09th, 1945.

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First World War Studies, Special Issue on “Humanitarianism in the Era of the First World War” (2014)

This article explores how US humanitarian aid workers in Great War era Europe understood the war, their relief work and its significance. It argues that contemporary ideas about disaster and disaster assistance, formed in the decades before the war began, fundamentally shaped the way that Americans conceived of their wartime humanitarian aid and its significance. Through an interrogation of both the metaphorical and the material links between early twentieth century American ideas of war and natural disaster – and, by extension, war relief and disaster relief – this essay advances novel insights about the intellectual and cultural history of US humanitarian aid efforts for European civilians during the Great War era.

New England Historical Association, 2012

This paper explores how disaster relief was carried out in New York City in the immediate aftermath of the Titanic's sinking. The paper is the first part of a larger project (now in progress) on short- and long-term aid for those survivors who remained in the United States.