Computer forensic is the current emerging and the future of the digital world. Computer forensics is the upcoming technology for the crime scene investigation and for the data assessment data discovery and data maintained and data recovery process. Computer forensics can also be used in the retaining the computer technology without major effect to the physical parts of the computer. As the use of technology is increasing day by day and the use of computers to reduce the human efforts and to maximize the efficiency and outcome and also to increase the accessibility of the resources has led others to the misuse of technology. As the technology is increasing the threat to the cyber security and data is also increasing. To reduce the threat for cyber security and to increase the reliability on data and information throughout the network, computer forensics is used as a tool and method to analyse and to reduce the cyber threat to the data and affiliated system on network.

Many a times, it has been argued that over dependency on technology leads to deskilling, lack of innovation and creativity thus resulting in inferior or substandard work. With a field growing in both demand for personnel and market for forensic software, 'digital forensics' is certainly not spared. Lately, there has been an increase in the number of digital forensic tools being developed to aid the extraction, analysis and management of digital evidence. Various comparisons, opinions and debates on the effectiveness of digital forensic software tools and their forensic soundness continue to dominate forensic investigator networks, white papers and publications. Given this context, many digital forensic investigators have unfortunately placed an over reliance on 'push the button' tools whilst overlooking the importance of other skills attributes to the digital forensic process. This issue has been exacerbated by a number of digital forensic course providers who are placing an over-emphasis on computer forensic software tools at the expense of other skills in their curriculum. In this paper, the author will make the case that a digital forensic investigation is not solely dependent on software tools but is also affected by various other soft skills. In presenting this argument the author will first discuss the usefulness and shortcomings in the use of software tools. This will be followed by a study of other relevant digital forensic skills. The last section of the paper will present theoretical and field based findings leading to the proposed 'Digital Forensic Skills Framework' intended to act as a general guide for course providers, recruiters as well as practising and prospective digital forensic investigators in measuring skills maturity levels and optimal digital forensic skills set.

This research focuses on the history development of forensic science and also shed light on the fusion of science and law that is how forensic science has brought in the administration of justice. This research aims to point out the flaws in the laws with reference to forensic evidence.

Crimes committed among electronic or digital domains, significantly within cyberspace, have become common. Criminals are using technology to commit their offenses and to create new challenges for law enforcement agents, attorneys, judges, military, and security professionals. Digital forensics has become a vital instrument in distinguishing and identifying computer-based and computer-assisted crime. Court proceedings worldwide are currently encountering variety of cases where despite their focus and origin, there is some kind of digital evidence concerned. Orthodox cases including drug traffic, murders, fraud and a myriad of others currently rely heavily on some information/data residing on a digital device. Digital forensics methodologies are therefore not solely needed to accumulate digital evidence in cases where the crime is committed employing a digital device however conjointly where digital evidence is required for cases originally not completely a digital crime. Digital forensics present challenges, as the evidence acquired is inherently totally different from other kinds of evidence acquired in other forensic investigations. The main variations include the fact that digital evidence can simply be reproduced and manipulated by personnel involved with the investigation, maliciously or accidentally. This paper will establish some crucial problems relating to the utilization of the digital forensic method to acquire the digital evidence to be used to convict or acquit persons accused of such crimes. It'll present a multidimensional approach delivering along the legal, technical, ethical and academic dimensions of digital forensics to create an integrated framework and methodology for investigations involving digital evidence. The objective of these designs is to provide a solution to issues encompassing digital evidence acquisition and consequent presentation in court and outlines tips for creating this sort of evidence more robust once presented in court.

Although research has been conducted to investigate a forensically sound acquisition of evidence from cloud systems, it has not, up to this point, reached a defined standard that can be referenced and agreed upon by digital forensic practitioners today. This paper explores that gap in available forensic procedures by studying the forensic acquisition of evidence from an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud environment. IaaS cloud service are rapidly replacing standard IT services traditionally hosted in datacenters that provide physical access to servers and data storage. This paper reviews the general concepts of IaaS hosting and then reviews the published research with options to address the lack of established digital forensic options for acquisition. The paper then proposes a simplified methodology capable of capturing forensic data from an IaaS cloud. Cloud based services are rapidly replacing the traditional Information Technology services built on physical servers. The change is impacting both the platforms that services are hosted on as well as the makeup of organizations that are providing these services. Many small organizations can now quickly move from their initial concept of a service to sell into the rollout of a large and complex technology stack in a matter of days. This is impacting both the technology used where physical servers are no longer purchased for building a technical infrastructure as well as the makeup of the personnel supporting this infrastructure where a team of one or two people can now replace what traditionally required a larger IT team. These small organizations supporting Internet based services often are unprepared for performing large scale incident response or digital forensics across the infrastructure they have built and segmented. Traditional methods of digital forensics that required physical access to devices are no longer possible with the cloud-based technology model. However, with a number of changes in methodology, it is possible to leverage the benefits of cloud-based infrastructure to rapidly perform a broad based forensic acquisition. In order to accomplish this, some of the more traditional foundations of digital forensics require evolution to work within the bounds of this new technology.

Digital forensic science is very much still in its infancy, but is becoming increasingly invaluable to investigators. A popular area for research is seeking a standard methodology to make the digital forensic process accurate, robust, and efficient. The first digital forensic process model proposed contains four steps: Acquisition, Identification, Evaluation and Admission. Since then, numerous process models have been proposed to explain the steps of identifying, acquiring, analysing, storage, and reporting on the evidence obtained from various digital devices. In recent years, an increasing number of more sophisticated process models have been proposed. These models attempt to speed up the entire investigative process or solve various of problems commonly encountered in the forensic investigation. In the last decade, cloud computing has emerged as a disruptive technological concept, and most leading enterprises such as IBM, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft have set up their own cloud-based services. In the field of digital forensic investigation, moving to a cloud-based evidence processing model would be extremely beneficial and preliminary attempts have been made in its implementation. Moving towards a Digital Forensics as a Service model would not only expedite the investigative process, but can also result in significant cost savings – freeing up digital forensic experts and law enforcement personnel to progress their caseload. This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of existing digital forensic process models and analyse how each of these might apply to a cloud-based evidence processing paradigm.

This research aimed at assessing the application and impact of forensic science in the Nigerian criminal justice system by making reference to certain components of forensics that are relevant to the criminal justice system. Such components include, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis, Fingerprint analysis, Polygraph test, Ballistics, Forensic anthropology, Forensic pathology and Computer forensics. The justification for this research arose out of the alarming rate crimes are constantly committed and the apparent difficulty faced by agencies of the criminal justice system while trying to curb the occurrence of such crimes. The sources of information relied upon here are relevant books, articles in journal publications, internet materials, statutes and judicial authorities. In the course of this research, it was found that establishing certain types of evidence such as fingerprint impressions and DNA, against accused persons was seriously hindered due to the absence of forensic labs and this hinder the conviction of such persons. In view of this, this research recommended inter alia, for proper training of law enforcement agencies in terms of how crimes and crime scenes are handled and also the establishment of sophisticated forensic labs where evidence and accused persons can be taken to in order to determine guilt or innocence in order to ease the establishment of evidence before law enforcement agencies in Nigeria.

Digital forensics has become increasingly important as an approach to investigate cyber and computer-assisted crime. While many tools exist and much research is being undertaken, many questions exist regarding the future of the domain. Widely published literature analyses the challenges that exist within the domain, from the increasing volume of data to the varying technology platforms and systems that exist. Having gone through various literatures, it is understood that the lack of effective evidence data acquisition methods because of diversity of technology and their deployment platforms and the lack of effective models to process large volume of data to analyze are key limiting factors in this domain. This paper reviews the existing forensic models, defines cyber-crime and focuses on challenges in this domain.