Година 12, број 47, септември Скопје 2014 _ Year 12, No 47, September Skopje 2014 политичка мисла _ Ефикасна пазарна економија и социјална (не)еднаквост political thought _ Functioning Market Economy and Social (in)Equality Содржина / Contents ВОВЕД / INTRODUCTION Ј 5 Ненад Марковиќ 7 Ј ( ) FUNCTIONING MARKET ECONOMY AND SOCIAL (IN)EQUALITY Nenad Marković АКТУЕЛНО / CURRENT 9 Ј Андреас Јарон Ш Њ : THE EURO CRISIS AND GERMANY’S ABILITY TO SAVE MONEY: MONETARY POLICY IN A STATE OF ENGENEERING Andreas Jaron 25 : Ј Горан Илиќ A DIFFERENT VIEW: THE FREE MARKET AND THE CRITIQUE OF SOCIAL EQUALITY Goran Ilić 35 Макс А. Хефер THE GOOD LIFE Max A. Höfer 41 „ Ј “ Ш ( ) Свето Тоевски A GENERAL OVERHAUL F THE CONCEPTS OF MARKET ECONOMY AND SOCIAL (IN)EQUALITY Sveto Toevski година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 3 Ѓ 57 Ј Весна Мицајкова INCOME DISPARITY INCREASE IN THE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD PRESENTED TROUGH THE GINI INDEX Vesna Micajkova 65 Билјана Чавкоска Њ Ј Ј THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT NOW AND AFTER JOINING THE EUROPEAN UNION Biljana Čavkoska 73 , Анета Стојановска-Стефанова Ј Ј Ј Ј THE WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS, ITS IMPACT ON THE MACEDONIAN ECONOMY AND GOVERNMENTAL ANTI-CRISIS MEASURES Aneta Stojanovska-Stefanova 81 „ 21 “, . Бојан Богевски REVIEW OF THE CAPITAL IN THE 21-ST CENTURY, BY T. PIKETTY Bojan Bogevski 87 4 ЗА АВТОРИТЕ / ABOUT THE AUTHORS политичка мисла бр. 47 // ВОВЕД ЕФИКАСНА ПАЗАРНА ЕКОНОМИЈА И СОЦИЈАЛНА (НЕ)ЕДНАКВОСТ автор: Ненад Марковиќ , „ “ 2014 . - „ “, . ќ , – ќ è ; , , , ќ , (Gini index), ѓ , . , , „ “ . , , . , , ѓ , , година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 5 // ВОВЕД . , „ , , 21 ќ , “ . „ . “, ? ? “ќ „ ќ ? , ќ ? ќ “ ѓ ? : .47 ? „ , ?; ?; ?; . , , ќ . , , , , . , , „ “ , , , , , , . . - ќ, „ 6 политичка мисла бр. 47 “ // INTRODUCTION // ВОВЕД FUNCTIONING MARKET ECONOMY AND SOCIAL (IN)EQUALITY author: Nenad Marković Dear readers, The editorial board of the Political Thought magazine has decided to dedicate the penultimate issue of 2014 to a topic from the field of economy. Although economy has occasionally appeared as a topic in Political Thought, the editorial board has decided that it should focus specifically on market economy and social inequality. The reasons for choosing such a topic are glaringly obvious: on the one hand we have the global economic crisis that has been increasingly felt in the local context as well, and on the other, the fact that all countries in the region, including the Republic of Macedonia, have experienced high values of the Gini index, which means that they have considerable social disparity and income discrepancies, as measured at a household level. In terms of contents, this issue of Political Thought offers a multitude of texts and analyses reflecting on the question of market economy and social inequality. The readers are provided with materials reviewing the world economic crisis, its specific impact in a local context, as well as the response to this phenomenon by the political players in the country. Furthermore, there are theoretical topics such as the criticism of the concept of social equality and its potential reconsideration, as well as specific analyses of the global social disparities among the countries in the world through the lens of the Gini index, and the closely related issue of unemployment in the Republic of Macedonia in the context of the country’s efforts to join the European Union. There is also, of course, the regular literary review, this time dedicated to Thomas Pikkety’s canonical work Capital in the Twenty-First Century, more in the vein of essential criticism of the book. This selection of texts is based on several dilemmas and issues common to all materials presented in this issue of Political Thought concerning the topic that the editorial board has decided to treat in this edition. What has the global economic crisis resulted from? What are the consequences in the global and the local context? година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 7 // INTRODUCTION Will the ‘austerity trap’ exacerbate or improve the situation? How has the crisis affected social differences, both at a local and a global level? Will the Gini index continue to grow or will it finally begin to drop as a result of these developments? How does this impact unemployment? In terms of more global dilemmas, the contributors to this issue of Political Thought wonder: Is there a global market? Is social equality a myth or an achievable concept? Should this concept be reconsidered through the lens of the crisis? By reflecting on these, as well as numerous other issues, we hope to hold your attention. The editorial board has attempted to make the best possible selection of texts dealing with an extremely current topic, at a sensitive time for the country, the region, as well as the world economy, considering the turbulent upheavals taking place. Although the problem of social inequality and the free market is not just economic, but also political, cultural and social, the focus of this issue of Political Thought has nevertheless been on the economy as a tool explaining how these phenomena occur, as well as how to fix them, if such a thing is even possible. Dr. Nenad MarkoviФ On behalf of the Political Thought Editorial Board 8 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО АНАЛИЗИ И АРГУМЕНТИ : 338.23:336.74(4-672EY) 338.124.4:[338.23:336.74(4-672EY) 336.722.145:[338.23:336.74(4-672EY ЕВРОКРИЗАТА И ГЕРМАНСКАТА СПОСОБНОСТ ЗА ШТЕДЕЊЕ: МОНЕТАРНА ПОЛИТИКА ВО ВОНРЕДНА СОСТОЈБА автор: Андреас Јарон , , , , 2009 ќ . . . ѓ , ѓ , , , ,( ) ѓ . , , . , , ѓ è , , . . , . , , година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 9 // АКТУЕЛНО . : : , , . , . 1,5 , , , (2,8 1999 )( 2012, , 2011 .7). 2000 2013 (+37,3 (+34,1 (+63,8 ќ ( ), (+40,9 )( , ), ) 2014). 2013). , , , , , , .1 , ѓ , . , , , , , . 2 - .3 , ( World Economic Outlook 2013). ѓ . ѓ . . 1 , , , ( 2 2012, . 8). , , , , – - , , , ). 3 10 , , ( ( политичка мисла бр. 47 / (Bauer/Todorova) 2014). // АКТУЕЛНО : Ш , . , “ ; , , џ „ „ , è . “ , , , , , , . , ќ .4 џ . , 2010 , , , , , . , , . , . , è , 2009 , . , 2010 , , , , џ . , . , 2011 2012 , . . . „ , , 4 , 66,4 85,4 2012 , ( “ , 2007 2010 , 2013). година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 11 // АКТУЕЛНО ( 2012). . . „lender of last resort“ – . , ѓ , , , , , , . , , , 0,5 ( ( , ). ) : . . , , ќ , . , , , è . . . , , , ќ , , . - : 2 , 2 . , , Ј , . , . , , , , 0,25 , ( )– ѓ , , , . , , 12 30. 462 2014 политичка мисла бр. 47 2, , 13 // АКТУЕЛНО 2007 , 2010 197 , ( 2014). , ќ , , , ќ 2, . - : 2, ќ , . 2 , , , ќ .5 ќ . , ќ , 2 . Ј Ј . „ “ 90 , , , . è , , . . , , џ , , , . , , , , . , . „ , “.6 5 , ќ 6 , , 0,75 0,15 2008 , . 2014 , 2012, . „ 0,5 “, 2013 , 0,25 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 2013 13 // АКТУЕЛНО , , : , . , , , , . , ќ , . , 1961 , , , , .7 , , . , , . , , , , 121 , 60 . , , , 8 – . passé. : , џ ѓ , . , , , , , , . , – , ѓ , . , , . 7 ѓ , ќ 2013 , ( 2013). 8 , ( 14 политичка мисла бр. 47 2011). , // АКТУЕЛНО , ѓ : . . . , ќ . , , ќ , . ,Ј Ш , . , , – . ѓ , ќ , , , . , , , ќ , : , è, , . , . , , . , , , . , . , ќ ќ . џ . , . ѓ , , , – , година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 15 // АКТУЕЛНО , ќ . , , :„ “( ќ , – / , 2009). , , , . , , , , . . , ќ è : ќ , , , .9 , ѓ . ќ , . - , . ќ , Ш Ј ? Ќ Њ ќ ( ) . ќ : , . , , , , . , : . . , ќ 2011 . 9 , ќ , , , . 16 . , политичка мисла бр. 47 , // АКТУЕЛНО . „Great Moderation“, 70- , . ѓ , ќ – , . . , ѓ . , , . , , ѓ . , ѓ “( Ј Ш , ќ , :„ 2011). , ќ ќ , , . , , , . џ , – . ќ , , . 2012 , ќ . , , . , : , , . , . , , , , è , . . , . , , ќ . è : , ќ година 12, септември 2014, Скопје . 17 // АКТУЕЛНО , 2013 . ќ ., , . . , , ќ – ќ . , , ќ . ќ , , ќ , , ( џ- , ) . , , ѓ ѓ . ѓ , . , 2013 1.664 1.206 – , ќ . , : , . ? , : , . , . , , . ќ , . . 18 - , , политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО . , , per se , . , , - . , . , . ќ , ,10 , 100.000 . ќ , , , . , , , ќ lege lata. „ “ de , , , , , ќ . 55 . , , ; ,ќ 60 , . ,ќ . , . 11 ѓ . , , , ќ . , 10 , , (Werner Becker), (David Gregosz) (Horst Löchel) (2013). 11 / (Bauer/Demary) (2014) година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 19 // АКТУЕЛНО : ,ќ , . , . ќ . , . - , , , . , ѓ . . , , , , .12 ќ .Ш 2 : , 2012 , 281 , . ѓ ќ , , . , ќ 2 . ќ , 500 ( , 2014 : – 50 ). , ќ : Ј , , , . , 400 2014 , ќ . . 0,15 , 0,1 – . : 12 , . 20 политичка мисла бр. 47 , // АКТУЕЛНО ,Ј , „ “.13 ќ , , ѓ – . ѓ . , - , . , , . , - , ѓ , .14 – 2010. ќ . ќ , . , ќ . , . , , ,15 ѝ ќ – „Great Moderation“. . : , , „ : “ . 13 , , (2014): http://de.reuters.com/article/ economicsNews/idDEKBN0EL0CB20140610 14 (2010). 15 . . „Break-even – “ . 31. 2014, , 1,41 . година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 21 // АКТУЕЛНО , . , , ,ќ , , . , , , ќ , , . , . ѓ , , . , , . , . , ќ , ,ќ , ,ќ . , , , . “Analysen & Argumente”, Ausgabe 154, September 2014 ISBN 978-3-95721-057-9 ј : Bauer, Matthias und Demary, Markus (2014): Euro-päische Bankenunion: Stand der Umsetzung und Nachbesserungsbedarf, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Berlin. Bauer, Matthias und Todorova, Cvetelina (2014): Deutsche Exportstärke in Verruf. Zu Recht?, KonradAdenauer-Stiftung, Berlin. Becker, Werner (2012): Der Euro – Währung für Europa, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Berlin. Becker, Werner, Gregosz, David und Löchel, Horst (2013): Euro-Krisenmanagement: Warum die Politik auf dem richtigen Weg ist, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Berlin. 22 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО Bernau, Patrick (2012): Euro Tsunami – Europa wird im Geld ertrinken, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt. Blanchard, Olivier und Illing, Gerhard (2009): Makro-ökonomie, 5. Aufl., Addison-Wesley Verlag, München. Braunberger, Gerald (2013): Wendezeit in der Geld-politik, erschienen auf blogs.faz.net/fazit. Draghi, Mario (2012): Rede von Mario Draghi, Präsident der Europäischen Zentralbank, auf der Global Investment Konferenz in London, 26. Juli, Frankfurt. El-Erian, Mohamed A. (2013): The Threat to the Central- Bank Brand, erschienen am 04. Juni 2013 auf project-syndiacte.org. Jakobs, Hans-Jürgen (2011): Inflation als Krisenbekämpfung – Ein Leben ohne Schulden ist möglich, aber sinnlos, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 29. August, München. Mundell, Robert A. (1961): A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, American Economic Review, Vol. 51, No. 4, S. 657-665. Reinhart, Carmen und Rogoff, Kenneth (2010): Dieses Mal ist alles anders: Acht Jahrhunderte Finanzkrisen, FinanzBuch Verlag, München. Schmid, Peter (2012): Die Krise der Europäischen Währungsunion ist keine Krise des Euro, erschienen auf oekonomenstimme.org. Siedenbiedel, Christian (2011): Chefvolkswirt Jürgen Stark im Gespräch: „Der politische Druck auf die EZB ist enorm”, erschienen am 26. November 2011 auf faz.net. Tilz, Jana (2013): Ex-Chefvolkswirt: „Die EZB führt einen Krieg!”, Interview mit Jürgen Stark, erschienen am 4. Juli 2013 auf faz.net. ABSTRACT The European Central Bank has been sitting on two chairs ever since the beginning of the crisis. On the one hand, it has hoped that it might prevent the escalation of the crisis by using drastic monetary political measures. On the other, its priority has been the stability of the monetary value and political independence. Resulting from the tensions, as early as 2010 the Central Bank attempted to start a ‘war’ and referred to the purchase of state loans as using ‘nuclear weapons’ (EFACET 2013). Nothing can be risk-free in such a state of emergency. This paper summarises the interventions and the role of ECB, and explains the consequences to German savers and the economic model of the country. It also sheds light on the macroeconomic developments, which are challenging to the economic policies and the future institutional shaping of the Eurozone. The paper advocates not overloading the Central Bank jurisdiction with the aim of postponing political reforms. година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 23 // АКТУЕЛНО : 364.614.8 ЕДЕН ПОИНАКОВ ПОГЛЕД: СЛОБОДНИОТ ПАЗАР И КРИТИКАТА НА СОЦИЈАЛНАТА ЕДНАКВОСТ автор: Горан Илиќ ќ , . , , , „ ѓ , “.1 ќ , , , . ѓ ј „ , , , “.2 , ) , , :„ ) , ) 1 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971, .4 2 Social Equality, http://www.lawandbioethics.com/demo/Main/EthicsResources/social_equality.htm [2014] година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 25 // АКТУЕЛНО . , ) “, . .3 , (laisser-faire „ ), ќ , “.4 , , ( ), ( ј , ) , . : „ , , , : „De-control!“,5 “ќ ќ , . , , , – . , . , ќ , [ „ ] , (...) . . [ќ ], , “.6 , . , , , , , , , . , , . , ј ќ , . . „ “: „ – , , , , , . . . 26 3 Jarret B. Wollstein, The Idea of Equality, FEE, http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-idea-of-equality [2014] 4 John Meadowcroft and Gerard Casey, Economic Liberalism and Social Justice, Institute of Economic Affairs 2010. Published by Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, .1 5 Ayn Rand, Capitalism: The unknown ideal, A signet book, USA, p. 156 6 Leonard E. Read, The Free Market and Its Enemy, FEE, Inc.Irvington-On-Hudson, New York, 1965, политичка мисла бр. 47 . 1 - 36 // АКТУЕЛНО è “.7 . , . . , , , . – . „ “, :„ , [ ] , (...)“.8 ќ , ќ . , – . , ( ) , , . , . , ѓ ,[ ] , , , ќ ’ : „ [ ], . , њ , !“9 ,„ “, „ “, ’ , , ј ) ј , , . ќ :„ , ( . ќ ) , ќ . , : ) , “.10 7 Ibid. 8 Milton Fridman, Kapitalizam i sloboda, Global Print – Novi Sad, 1997, 9 Ben O’Neill, The Injustice of Social Justice, Mises Daily: March 16, 2011. http://mises.org/daily/5099/The-Injustice-ofSocial-Justice [2014] 10 Ayn Rand, Capitalism: The unknown ideal, A Signet Book, USA, . 19 . 57. . 154 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 27 // АКТУЕЛНО , 2014 ( ј ( 1.), ј ) ј .11 1. Ј 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ј . Ш . , ( ), , Economic Freedom, Foundation: . Index of The Heritage The Wall Street Journal „ . , , , . , , , , “.12 ( ) , , . 28 , , 11 Patrick Rhamey, 2014 State of World Liberty Index, (May 12, 2014), http://patrickrhamey.com/saturdayresearch/2014/5/12/2014-state-of-world-liberty-index [2014] , ѓ Freedom House, Fraser/Heritage, Reporters without Borders Press Freedom Scores, ѓ Freedom House. 12 Index of Economic Freedom, http://www.heritage.org/index/about [2014] политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО : „[ ] [ ] , , , ј , , ј “.13 , – , , . ( ), , , , ќ . , , , , ( . , ) , , apparatus. ќ , : „O , , , “.14 ѓ „ “,15 , , . ( ) ( ), . „ , “,16 ќ ќ „ , , “.17 , ќ „ , [ è , , ] , , . 13 Tom G. Palmer, Why Liberty, Jameson Books Inc. Ottawa, Illinois, 14 Jarret B. Wollstein, The Idea of Equality, FEE, http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-idea-of-equality [2014] 15 Ibid. 16 17 , The Open Mind (7 Created Equal, ( .8 1975). PBS), Free to Choose television series (1980, vol. 5 transcript). година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 29 // АКТУЕЛНО Ј : „Quis custodiet ipsoscustodes? – ?“18 ,ќ , , , . „ , “.19 laisser-faire , , , , :„ “.20 : , , - , .21 „ ќ ] ,[ , (...) , „ “.22 , “.23 , ( lassie-fair, ќ ), ј јќ ј , њ ј ј . , „ , , “.24 , (…) [ 30 „ ќ ] “.25 , 18 Tom G. Palmer, Why Liberty, Jameson Books Inc. Ottawa, Illinois, 19 Ralf Ptak, “Neoliberalism in Germany: Revisiting the Ordoliberal Foundations of the Social Market Economy”. In Mirowski, Philip; Plehwe, Dieter. The Road From Mont Pèlerin: The Making of The Neoliberal Thought Collective. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. 2009, ISBN 978-0-674-03318-4, . 124–125 20 David Gerber, Law and Competition in Twentieth-Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus, Oxford Scholarship Online: January 2010, DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244010.001.0001 [2014] . 36 21 Werner Bonefeld, Freedom and the Strong State: On German Ordoliberalism, New Political Economy, Routlege, 22 Ibid. .8 23 Ibid. .2 24 Wilhelm Röpke, International Order and Economic Integration, Dodrecht: Reidel, 1959, 25 Werner Bonefeld, Freedom and the Strong State: On German Ordoliberalism, New Political Economy, Routlege, политичка мисла бр. 47 .1 . 225 .3 // АКТУЕЛНО , 26 ѓ ( laissez-faire , ( , .) , , ). laissez-faire ќ , . , : 1. , ѓ ќ „ “27; 2. . „ “28; 3. . . „ “29; 4. „ , ѓ , “30; 5. , . „ “31; 6. „‘ ’ ‘ ’ “.32 . 7. 8. „ “.33 , .34 Ibid. Ibid. 28 Ibid. 29 Ibid. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. 33 Ibid. 34 Ibid. 26 27 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 31 // АКТУЕЛНО , , , . , , laisser-faire . ( ), , - . , , ( ) , , . (limited government). , , , , , . .Ш , . , , , ѓ . , . condition sine qua non, . , ( , ), , , . , , , . : Bonefeld Werner, Freedom and the Strong State: On German Ordoliberalism, New Political Economy, Routlege. Created Equal, ( PBS), Free to Choose television series (1980, vol. 5 transcript). Fridman Milton, Kapitalizam i sloboda, Global Print – Novi Sad, 1997. Gerber David, Law and Competition in Twentieth-Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus, Oxford Scholarship Online: January 2010, DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244010.001.0001 Index of Economic Freedom, http://www.heritage.org/index/about [2014] , The Open Mind (7 32 политичка мисла бр. 47 1975). // АКТУЕЛНО Meadowcroft John and Casey Gerard, Economic Liberalism and Social Justice, Institute of Economic Affairs. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2010. O’Neill Ben, The Injustice of Social Justice, Mises Daily: March 16, 2011. http://mises.org/daily/5099/The-Injustice-of-Social-Justice [2014] Palmer Tom G., Why Liberty, Jameson Books Inc. Ottawa, Illinois, 2013. Ptak Ralf, Neoliberalism in Germany: Revisiting the Ordoliberal Foundations of the Social Market Economy. In Mirowski, Philip; Plehwe, Dieter. The Road From Mont Pèlerin: The Making of The Neoliberal Thought Collective. ISBN 978-0-674-03318-4, Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. 2009. Rand Ayn, Capitalism: The unknown ideal, A signet book, USA, 1967. Rawls John, A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971. Read Leonard E., The Free Market and Its Enemy, FEE, Inc.Irvington-On-Hudson, New York, 1965. Rhamey Patrick, 2014 State of World Liberty Index, (May 12, 2014), http://patrickrhamey.com/saturday-research/2014/5/12/2014-state-of-world-liberty-index [2014] Röpke Wilhelm, International Order and Economic Integration, Dodrecht: Reidel, 1959. Social Equality, http://www.lawandbioethics.com/demo/Main/EthicsResources/social_equality. htm [2014] Wollstein Jarret B., The Idea of Equality, FEE, http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/theidea-of-equality [2014] ABSTRACT This paper is inspired by the theoretical positions of the authors such as Ayn Rand, Milton Friedman and Leonard Edward Read. These theories uphold laisser-faire liberalism, objectivism and neoliberalism, versus social justice and equality. Hence, the research framework of this paper encompasses the free market, individual liberty and the state. The main motive for writing this paper results from the dilemma whether achieving social equality necessarily causes strengthening of the state authority, thus endangering free market economy, whether state is a “sworn” enemy of individual liberty and the free market, and whether they are able to coexist mutually. Consequently, the paper presents the key premises of the German ordoliberalism as a social market model that opens plenty of opportunities for the coexistence of the dialectically opposite phenomena – individual liberty, free market and the state. The author concludes that the criticism of social equality in terms of the free market is a critique of the omnipotent state. Key words: free market, state, social equality, individual liberty година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 33 // АКТУЕЛНО ДОБРИОТ ЖИВОТ : 316.334.22:316.454.5 ДА СЕ УПАТИМЕ КОН ДОБРАТА ШТО НÈ ПРАВАТ СРЕЌНИ, А ДА СЕ ОТТРГНЕМЕ ОД БЕСКОНЕЧНАТА БОРБА ЗА РЕЗУЛТАТ И ПРИЗНАНИЕ автор: Макс А. Хефер „ ќ “. è : , ѓ . 1960 , ќ , , , . , . . ќ ќ , , , . , . , , . è „ ќ “. , è година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 35 // АКТУЕЛНО . ѓ , ѓ , .Ш , , 44 ќ 35? ? ќ , ќ . ? 800.000 ѓ , ? , , 6,7 è . ? Ш Ј , , . , . ќ è , . , , : . ѓ , ќ è џ , , . : , . џ ќ , . , џ è ѓ . , è . . , , , : ), ( ), ( ( ), ), ( 360 ( ( ), ( ќ ѓ , è ( .Ш , ), ), ). . . , , è . ,„ политичка мисла бр. 47 , “. , “. 36 , // АКТУЕЛНО Њ ѓ ? , , è ? . ѓ . , , „ ѓ , , ќ “. , . , , , . , , . ќ :„ “, . . ѓ è ќ . , ѓ „ „ “ “ . – : „r vealed preferences“, . ќ Ш „ - , “ “. „ ѝ , ќ „ Ќ È “ , ќ è ѓ . ќ . ќ , . , џ . , , , ѓ - , . ќ , , . ќ . , , ќ година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 37 // АКТУЕЛНО ќ , ѓ . , , . ѓ , . ќ , ќ è ќ è , . . . Ј ќ ѓ ќ ќ ќ .Ш , , , . . ќ , . , , , . ѝ , , : : . 70- , 25 , . , è . , : . , , , , . ќ , , ќ ѓ è ѝ . . ќ ќ , , . ќ , . ѓ , . , , . 24/7 , è, , 38 политичка мисла бр. 47 . // АКТУЕЛНО . . è . ќ . „ “, . ќ è , . ќ è . , , , , , ќ . ќ ќ ѓ . è ќ , ќ , . , . ќ è . , . : . ѓ , è ќ ќ , . ќ è . “ , , „ , – ќ : – ќ ? ќ ќ 200 . : ќ , ? „ “ . , : è ќ , è . ќ година 12, септември 2014, Скопје . 39 // АКТУЕЛНО “Politische Meinung” Nr. 521, Juli / August 2013, 58. Jahrgang, ISSN 0032-3446 : Max A. Höfer: Vielleicht will der Kapitalismus gar nicht, dass wir glücklich sind?, Knaus Verlag, München 2013. ABSTRACT An important question has occupied the political agenda: the question of ‘the good life’. An increasing number of people have been wondering what good it has been to rush every day in the endless struggle for performance and recognition. Even though since 1960 the gross domestic product has increased five times, the overall happiness of Germans, as measured by the Eurobarometer, has not increased at the same rate. With the exception of several rises and falls, the pleasure in life has rather stagnated. This finding has been true for all rich industrial countries. The current debate on ‘the good life’ has finally raised the question as to how we should lead our lives. It does not require a culture of self-denial, but rather that we redefine our priorities: turn to the values that make us happy and move away as far as possible from the ever more increasing consumption and the monotonous machinery. Its goal is a life filled with more self-determination and pleasure. 40 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО : 330.368(100) „ТЕМЕЛЕН РЕМОНТ“ ЗА КОНЦЕПЦИИТЕ ЗА ПАЗАРНАТА ЕКОНОМИЈА И ОПШТЕСТВЕНАТА (НЕ)ЕДНАКВОСТ автор: Свето Тоевски ќ , , , „ “, , , , , : ( ) ? - , , , ѓ : , , 50 – 70 , , , , . Ј Ј Ѓ Ш o , 200 , 40 Ј , 1 , година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 41 // АКТУЕЛНО 10 85 . ѓ è , . ѓ ѓ , : , , , 428 , . , . ѓ , , - „ , “ , „ “, „ : , , , . ѓ , , ќ , . „free market“, , . , ќ , , 10 10 . “.1 ќ , „ 10 , 14 10 , “, – : ѓ , „ , . . ... . , , ќ . “.2 42 1 Jeremy Warner: „Scourge of inequality is getting worse and worse“; 3.11.2011 2 Ibidem политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО , , , . è , , , , , , . , , , „ “. „ „ “ ѓ “ , , . ѓ , è .„ , , , , „ “ è “, , „ “. , 2007 169 25 400- , 40 1.500 . 2007- , , , : , , : 2011 3.500 . , 1.210 , 2007 1.000 ѓ , , 4.500 2010 ѓ . , 1 ќ 50 , 1998 . ,e 20 86 , 20 . 16 , 1,3 : 20 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 43 // АКТУЕЛНО 90 , 20 1 . ѓ 40 , ѓ ѓ . 20 Ј Ш ? , , ѓ , . , , – è – , è , – , , – ќ , è . ќ , ѓ ѓ . è , è, , , , „ , . . : “ ќ è , , . : „ : , “. 3 , ,„ , “. , , „ “ . - : ? , , , . ,„ 1980 , , “. 3 44 Stewart Lansley: „Inequality: the real cause of our economic woes“; 2 August 2012 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО „ 1980 , , ќ 1980 “. ќ ќ „ , “, „ “, „ ѓ “, : , , : „ 30 è ќ , , . , “.4 Ј Ј 1.795 , , , „ “ è “. „ „ „ „ “, “, 21 “, „ , “, , . , , , , ќ , ( ) . ѓ ѓ ќ . , è ( , è 4 , џ , џ ) . Stewart Lansley: „Inequality: the real cause of our economic woes“; 2 August 2012 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 45 // АКТУЕЛНО , 1978 5,4 2012 , 875 ќ „ 21 2012 „Economic Policy Institute“ 1965 , “ 20 , , . 200 ќ 580 џ ! , „ “ „Bloomberg“, :„ „PepsiCo“ 2012 270 ; „Coca Cola“ , „Nike“ 1.050 „JC Penney“, 1.795 ( !) ! , , , ѓ „ . ѓ ќ ќ , , ќ è è “. ќ „ “ , è . „ 21 : r > g“, “, „ , , : „ , , ќ , ; , , , , . ’r’ ’g’. ’r > g’ . . . 46 , è , политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО . . ќ , “.5 Ј Ш ( ) ? , „Benchmarking Working Europe 2014“, “ (ETUI) „ „ “ (ETUC). - . , , , , , : , 2008 - , . : 80/20 . 80/ 20 20% 20% , 20% , . . , . , . 0 100. , . ( ), 0. , 100. , . . ќ – 5 , , , : . Thomas Piketty: CAPITAL IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. 2014, p.398 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 47 // АКТУЕЛНО : ; ѓ 2008 , , , 2012 ќ . , 27, 2008–2012 .6 , Ш , , , , , . , , , , , , ,Ш , , , . Ј , Ј - Њ „The Benchmarking Working Europe 2014“ „ “ . „ “ , , , . è , , ќ , , . , . ќ „ “. 6 48 „The Benchmarking Working Europe 2014“; Brussels, 2014, © Publisher: ETUI aisbl, Brussels p. 46 политичка мисла бр. 47 , // АКТУЕЛНО ќ : 1. „ , - , , , “; 2. „ ќ . „ “ ѓ „ “, “; 3. „ ‘ ’ “. - „ “ : „ , ќ , “. , ѓ „ ќ “, „ , , , , , ; ѓ , , ќ , “.7 ќ „ “, „The Benchmarking Working Europe 2014“ “ “ : „ - . , , , . , , , , , . .8 7 „The Benchmarking Working Europe 2014“; Brussels, 2014, © Publisher: ETUI aisbl, Brussels p.12, 8 Ibidem, p.5 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 49 // АКТУЕЛНО Ј Ш – ? : ќ , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , „ , “, , . - , , „ “ „ “ ѓ „ “, „ “ „free market“. ѓ „ „ , , , , “. „ 10 20 , , , “. „ , „ “, , , “, : „ ... . , , , “. 9 „free market“, „ 9 50 “: Milton Friedman: „Capitalism and freedom“, fortieth edition, University of Chicago press, 1962, 1982, p. 109 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО „ – – , , . ќ ќ , ѓ . , , „happy by-product“, ќ . “.10 „ “ , „ , “, „ ќ , ќ “. , , , 2007 ,Ј ќ , ’ ’“. „ ѓ , , „ 2008 2009 , , џ ѓ “. „ , , “ ѓ “, „ . „ “ ќ , , è, : ќ „ ќ ќ , ,ќ ќ . , , , . . – 10 , , Milton Friedman: „Free to choose: A Personal Statement“; Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. New York, 1979, 1980, p. 148 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 51 // АКТУЕЛНО ѓ ,ќ ...“11 , , ќ ’ „ , ? “, : ќ , : „ , . , , . : ќ , , , a . ѓ , , , , , . , , ѓ , . , . . , , , ѓ ќ , . è “.12 , „ ќ , “. , , , . “, ,„ “ „ , ѓ , , , . è „ „ ѓ “, “: , . 52 11 Joseph E. Stiglitz.: „The price of inequality: how today’s divided society endangers our future“ — 1st ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, USA, p.214 12 Joseph E. Stiglitz.: „The price of inequality: how today’s divided society endangers our future“ — 1st ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, USA, p.213 - 214 политичка мисла бр. 47 , // АКТУЕЛНО „ „ “. „ , ѝ “ ѓ „ “, “. ? ќ , , , : ѓ . „ , . , , , . , , , , : ; “.13 : „ , , : . , . , – , . , . ... , ... , “.14 13 Andrew G. Berg and Jonathan D. Ostry: „ Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin?“; INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, Research Department, April 8, 2011, p. 4 14 Ibidem, p. 4 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 53 // АКТУЕЛНО Њ , , , . „ , “, „ “, „ “ „ “, , ѓ ѓ , , , , , . , , , , : , , , ќ , . . ќ , ќ . : Milton Friedman: „Capitalism and Freedom“, fortieth edition, University of Chicago press, 1962, 1982 Milton Friedman: „Free to Choose: A Personal Statement“; Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. New York, 1979, 1980 Joseph E. Stiglitz.: „The price of inequality : how today’s divided society endangers our future“ — 1st ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, USA Thomas Piketty: „CAPITAL IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY“; The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. 2014 Jeremy Warner: „Scourge of inequality is getting worse and worse“; 3.11.2011; avalaible at: http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jeremywarner/100010097/scourge-of-inequality-isgetting-worse-and-worse/ Stewart Lansley: „Inequality: the real cause of our economic woes“; 2.8.2012; avalaible at: http://www.socialenterpriselive.com/section/comment/policy/20120802/inequality-the-realcause-our-economic-woes „The Benchmarking Working Europe 2014“; Brussels, 2014, © Publisher: ETUI aisbl, Brussels Andrew G. Berg and Jonathan D. Ostry: „Inequality and Unsustainable Growth: Two Sides of the Same Coin?“; INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND, Research Department, April 8, 2011 54 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО ABSTRACT The conflict between the concepts of social inequality and the functionality of a market economy has become increasingly sharper. The economic thought of the 21st century maintains that increased equality and long-term and sustainable growth in the system of the market economy can be the two sides of the same coin. Neoliberal and other economic and sociopolitical ideologies that justify inequality as “healthy,” “desirable,” “inevitable” or “natural”, actually justify the existence of enormous wealth in the hands of an extremely small number of privileged people at the top social stratification and the existence of extreme poverty among an extremely high number of socially excluded and marginalized people who, de facto, in the societies of the market economy are excluded from health, education, financial and other collective social systems. Deep, long-term and structural reforms in the labor market, the tax system, education and other social sectors should be implemented in order for the market economy in this country to become functional. The personal profit of a few individuals and the impoverishment of many makes a market economy dysfunctional. Keywords: social inequality, economic growth, a functioning market economy година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 55 // АКТУЕЛНО : 330.369:311.21(100) „1985/2012“ ПОРАСТОТ НА НЕЕДНАКВОСТА ВО ПРИХОДИТЕ МЕЃУ ЗЕМЈИТЕ ВО СВЕТОТ ПРЕТСТАВЕН ПРЕКУ ИНДИКАТОРОТ ЏИНИ автор: Весна Мицајкова ѓ / . 80, . 2014 . 1 , , . 2 . , . . 1 Drzeniek, Marta: Top 10 risks for decade ahead, 16.1.2014, org/2014/01/top-10-risks-decade-ahead/, 14.7.14 2 European Commission: Why socio-economic inequalities increase?, eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/policy-review-inequalities_en.pdfm , : http://forumblog. http://ec.europa. 14.7.14 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 57 // АКТУЕЛНО . 0 1, , ( . 1) ( , ). , . . 100. , . Inequality Watch3, , 80, 21 ѓ 0,29 0,32. , 4 , . , . , , „ѕ ” . џ , , . џ , . 5 . ( , Ш , Ш ) , . ( , , , , , ), , . , . 3 Inequality Watch, , . . 58 4 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: Economic Policy Reforms 2012 – Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth: Can it be done?, http://www.oecd.org/eco/labour/49421421.pdf , 16.7.14 5 Ibid политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО ( Ј , , , , Ш , ) . , . ( , , , , ) , è, , , , . , , , , , , . Inequality Watch 6 8020 . : 1: Ш 6 1985 1990 1995 0,34 0,35 0,36 0,36 0,38 0,38 0,32 0,37 0,35 0,36 0,33 0,34 - - 0,30 0,31 0,31 0,34 0,29 0,29 0,29 0,32 0,32 0,32 - 0,22 0,22* 0,25 0,27* 0,26 0,21 0,21 0,21* 0,24 0,24* 0,26 0,22 0,23 0,21 0,23 0,23 0,25* 0,22 0,23 0,24 0,25 0,28 0,25 - 0,33 0,36 0,36 0,37 0,35 0,31* - 0,35 0,34 0,35* 0,34 0,25 0,26 0,27 0,26 0,30 0,30 Inequality Watch: The rise of income inequality amongst rich countries, php?article58 , 14.7.14 2000 2005 2008 : http://inequalitywatch.eu/spip. година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 59 // АКТУЕЛНО 0,26 0,29 0,28 0,29 0,28 0,29 0,24** - 0,24 0,25 0,26 0,26 0,45* 0,50 0,50* 0,51 0,49 0,48 0,30 - 0,32* 0,34 0,33** - Ј И : Inequality Watch, * ; ** 1998 2008 . , 2008/09 ќ . 2008 , , . ј 2: 2010 2011 2012 (27 ) 30,5 % 30,5 % 30,8 % 30,6 % (15 ) 30,4 % 30,5 % 30,9 % 30,7 % 30,7 % 30,2 % 30,5 % 30,3 % (12) И 2009 : Eurostat .2 2012 2009 . 2009 15. 2011 2012 , - . 1 , 1998 2010. , , ѓ . 28,13 % .Ш 1998, 43,56 % 2010 . , , , 60 2008 политичка мисла бр. 47 . // АКТУЕЛНО ј 1: И : Eurostat , ќ 44,2% 2008 2008, ќ , . 32% - . ( 3: 3). ј 2008 44,20 % 28,16 % 29,99 % 34,51 % 36,21* % 33,65 % И : Eurostat * 2007 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 61 // АКТУЕЛНО Њ Pettinger : 7 , . , , , . : , , . . , . ќ ѓ , . , , . . , , , , , . ќ ќ , . . , , . , , 8 . . . 62 7 Pettinger, Tejvan, R: Policies to Reduce Inequality, 14.7.14 8 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: Economic Policy Reforms 2012 – Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth: Can it be done?, http://www.oecd.org/eco/labour/49421421.pdf , 16.7.14 политичка мисла бр. 47 : http://forumblog.org/2014/01/top-10-risks-decade-ahead/, // АКТУЕЛНО . , , , , , . . . , , . , 2010-20209, ѓ ќ . ѓ , , , . 80- , . , , . , , 1998 2008. , . . . , . 2009 2010 , , , . : , , њ 9 : ј 2010-2020, socijalna.pdf , ј , ј . , ј њ ј ј : http://mtsp.gov.mk/WBStorage/Files/stratecija_ 14.7.14 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 63 // АКТУЕЛНО ј : Bourne, Murray: The Gini Coefficient of wealth distribution; 24.2.2010, www.intmath.com/blog/the-gini-coefficient-of-wealth-distribution/4187 , 7.14 Drzeniek, Marta: Top 10 risks for decade ahead, 16.1.2014, org/2014/01/top-10-risks-decade-ahead/, 14.7.14 : http:// 14. : http://forumblog. European Commission: Why socio-economic inequalities increase?, http:// ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/policy-review-inequalities_en.pdfm , 14.7.14 Inequality Watch: The rise of income inequality amongst rich countries, inequalitywatch.eu/spip.php?article58 , 14.7.14 : ј ј : http://mtsp.gov.mk/WBStorage/Files/stratecija_socijalna.pdf , : http:// ј њ ј 2010-2020, 14.7.14 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: Economic Policy Reforms 2012 – Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth: Can it be done?, http://www.oecd.org/eco/labour/49421421.pdf , 16.7.14 Pettinger, Tejvan, R: Policies to Reduce Inequality, org/2014/01/top-10-risks-decade-ahead/, : http://forumblog. 14.7.14 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/ http://stats.oecd.org/ ABSTRACT In many countries of the world income inequalities have significantly increased in the past decades. Higher income disparities lead to lower economic growth, increase in violence, poorer educational achievement and higher mortality rates. The aim of this paper is to present the dynamics of the income inequalities of the countries in the world with a special emphasis on the Republic of Macedonia. The income inequality in the Republic Macedonia presented trough its Gini index shows dynamic growth in the period from 1998 to 2008. The Macedonian Gini index is significantly higher than the OECD average and the Gini indexes of the countries in the region. The government of the Republic of Macedonia has undertaken all recommended measures for inequality reduction, and therefore a decrease in inequality in the following period is to be expected. The introduction of progressive income taxes should be taken into consideration as an additional measure for inequality reduction. 64 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО : 331.56(497.7) РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА И ПРОБЛЕМОТ СО НЕВРАБОТЕНОСТА СЕГА И ПО ПРИСТАПУВАЊЕТО ВО ЕВРОПСКАТА УНИЈА автор: Билјана Чавкоска . , ќ , , , . , ќ , ќ . , . Њ , . година 12, септември 2014, Скопје . 65 // АКТУЕЛНО , . . . ѓ . , - , : . , 1 1999 , , , , . . . , IV – , ( 61-69).1 : ќ , , - .2 , , , , , .3 ѓ . , - , . 2020 .4 , , , . .5 1 - http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/amsterdam_treaty/index_en.htm 2 ќ 3 , No. 492/2011 è, 39 , 66 . 4 http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm 5 http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/employment_and_social_policy/eu2020/growth_and_jobs/c11325_en.htm политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО . , , . , EURES, ѓ - ( , , , - ) .6 Њ Ј , . . , . , , . , .7 , ѓ , ќ , . , . , - . . , . ѓ , 400.000 , 20% . , 2009 6 7 2014 .8 ќ https://ec.europa.eu/eures/page/homepage , „ , 2010, „Ј 8 “, http://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziPublikacija_1.aspx?rbr=487 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 67 // АКТУЕЛНО ќ – – – – : ; ; ; . 2005 , 37,3%. , . 34,8% , 37,3% 2008 , 28,7%.9 2014 958.392 , 2005 2013 , , 686.277, 272.115 57,3, 28,4%.10 . 41%, ѓ , . , 26,9%, 16,8%, 35,3 % 2,8%, 18,1% .11 , . - – - , . . Ј , , . ѓ , , 9 10 , 2013 , www.avrm.gov.mk 2013 , www.avrm.gov.mk http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2014/2.1.14.17.pdf 11 68 , политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО . , ,12 2003/109/ 2003/86/ , , 13 . , 2009/50/ 25. 2009 , 14 , 15 2009/52/ , . ќ , , , . - , , ќ , . , . , , , . 1 2014 , 2007 . , , 2014 . , , . . , 14.000 , 2007 2012, . Migration Watch, 30.000 70.000 50.000 , 6.000 , ќ 5 , . , , 25.000 . , ,ќ 12 OJ L 16 22.1.2004 13 OJ L 251 3.10.2003 14 Council Directive 209/50/EC of 25 May 2009 on the conditions of entry and residence of third country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified employment, OJ L 155/17 15 Directive 2009/52/EC of the European parliament and the Council of 18 June 2009 providing for minimum standards on sanctions and measures against employers of illegally staying third country nationals, OJ L 168/24 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 69 // АКТУЕЛНО 2020 ќ , .16 - , 2010 2,9 -25 (1,4 - . 2006). Ш . ќ 2004 , 2007 , ќ ѝ . - . - , , , . . , , - , . , , . Ј Њ Ш Њ . ,ќ - 23 - . , 40- . , ќ .17 10 , ќ ѓ 85 100 , .18 , ќ , - 16 ќ 70 . ќ ќ , http://www.euromove.org.uk/index.php?id=20539 17 http://www.sitel.com.mk/dnevnik/biznis/nad-25000-makedonci-ke-ja-napushtat-zemjava 18 http://www.a1.com.mk/vesti/default.aspx?VestID=116934 политичка мисла бр. 47 , , . // АКТУЕЛНО , . , , ѓ ќ - - . , . , - . , . , Ш .19 , . . ѓ - , . . , , , , . - , . , ќ ѝ , ќ . ќ , . , , , , . . brain drain. , - , . 19 http://www.mvr.gov.mk/ShowAnnouncements.aspx?ItemID=13258&mid=1094&tabId=201&tabindex=0 година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 71 // АКТУЕЛНО ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyze the current unemployment issue in the country and the perspective in this domain after joining the European Union and accession to the EU internal market. The author’s views are based on the experience of previous enlargements, especially in the cases of Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia as the most recent EU Member States and that of transitional countries that are closest to the Republic of Macedonia. In this context, the article emphasizes the application of the principle of non-discrimination and social equality as one of the main preconditions for joining the labor market of the EU. It also briefly analyzes the transitional arrangements for joining the labor market of the EU and the possible implications of the future accession to the EU for the labor market of the Republic of Macedonia. 72 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО : 338.124.4(100):338(497.7) СВЕТСКАТА ЕКОНОМСКА КРИЗА, НЕЈЗИНИТЕ ВЛИЈАНИЈА НА МАКЕДОНСКАТА ЕКОНОМИЈА И ВЛАДИНИТЕ АНТИКРИЗНИ МЕРКИ автор: Анета Стојановска-Стефанова „ ” 1929 , , 2007 ќ . . ѓ , , , . , ( ), . ѓ ќ , . , , . ќ 100 %. , 2008 2009 . година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 73 // АКТУЕЛНО „ , , , (1929 – 1933 ). 1795 . , 17 ( 8,2 è 1937 , , ), , 11 ( ). , è . “.1 , . , , . , , , , , . Ј Ј , , . – , , , . , . , , 50 , – 5 . , . „ , , . , . , . , . , 1 , „ 74 , „ “– , , “ – 04.9.2009, , политичка мисла бр. 47 2009, , .9-11 , , // АКТУЕЛНО , , , џ , . ), ѓ ( , .“2 2008 2009 . , , ѓ , , , . „ : • • • • • o ; ; ; џ “. 3 , . . ѓ , . , , , , Ј 2 „ – , . a . , , “ – 04.9.2009, , 3 , 2009, , ќ „ “ .14-15 , http://www.economy.gov.mk/?ItemID=23EADE335C3C214F914B1 5655F338F9C година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 75 // АКТУЕЛНО Њ Ј 2008 , 2010 , . „ , 330 , , ( , , ѓ .). “.4 , 88 . , , , , . ќ , ќ , . 2009 , , 2009 . è , . , ќ ќ . ќ 70 џ 1) 3 : , џ ; 2) 100 : ) , , ) , ) ) ; 3) , , . ѓ , , : 2009 ; , 10%, 4 76 , http://www.vicepremier.gov.mk/?q=node/451 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО 2009 , ; џ џ ; 16% , , . – ; 50% , ; 50% , ; ; . , 330 . , , ќ , . , , , ќ . . . , 5.000 ѓ . . ќ 1) 70 џ 3 : , џ ; 2) 100 : ) , , ) , ) ) ; 3) , , . ќ 24 , , , - година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 77 // АКТУЕЛНО , , , , . , 15- ќ , 25- . 30 . ќ , . , , . ѓ , . 2010 , ѓ , . , , , . , è, , . ќ , . ѓ . . , 2014 , 1,7 , . 2,9 2,9 . 78 политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО Abstract Once it felt the first signs of the global economic crisis, the Macedonian government took measures to ease the effects and remove the damages that would be caused by the crisis. So far the Government of the Republic of Macedonia has promulgated four packages of anti-crisis measures. Thanks to these measures, the forecasts of the international institutions for the economic situation in Macedonia were optimistic and encouraging. The measures of the first package in the amount of 330 million euros were aimed at enterprises with impaired liquidity and multiple problems of the past, but also at companies that work profitably (through exemptions in income tax, lower customs and social contributions, reduced taxes for farmers, etc.). Thanks to these measures the collapse of a number of economic entities and the job losses for thousands of workers were prevented. The second and third package included 70 anti-crisis measures that related to three segments: 1) rebalance of the budget, 2) credit support to enterprises through a credit line from the EIB in the amount of 100 million euros, and 3) other measures to support the enterprises. The fourth anti-crisis package included 24 measures related to the areas of tax policy, credit policy, agricultural policy, property-legal issues, agriculture, construction, social policy and measures in the field of the regulatory guillotine. Keywords: global economic crisis, financial crisis, economy, politics, policy, government, anticrisis measures година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 79 // АКТУЕЛНО КРИТИЧКИ ОСВРТ НА ДЕЛОТО „КАПИТАЛОТ ВО 21 ВЕК“, ОД Т. ПИКЕТИ : 330.142„20“(049.3) автор: Бојан Богевски „ : ќ ќ “ „ - ќ – , , ѓ “. , 70–80 , ( , - , ), . è , 2007 Street”, „Occupy Wall „ “. ( ќ ), “. - „ , ,„ 21 “. 15„ : “.1 , 19 , ? , , 1 Thomas Piketty: Capital in 21-st Century (Harvard University Press, London, England, 2014), p.6. година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 81 // АКТУЕЛНО ѓ , 20 ?2 , ) 1910 – 1920 40- ќ 45-50% , 10% ( 30-35% 1950 – 1970, , , è , 20 3 .4 , „ “, è „ “ „ „ “– “.5 . ќ –„ è “.6 , „ , , “.7 „ - “ !? „ , “ . „ , , , “8, . , : r>g ќ , (r – % ;g– 20 ). 19), ( , , , (compounding), . „ 2 “, , ѓ Ibid, p. 8. 3 ѓ „ ... [ 20%: . .] . 1995 [2004]“. , . ќ „ “, Will Wilkinson: Thinking Clearly about Economic Inequality, CATO Policy Analysis n. 640, July, 2009. 4 ќ , . , , ѓ , , Financial Times, : http:// www.nytimes.com/2014/05/31/upshot/everything-you-need-to-know-about-thomas-piketty-vs-the-financial-times.html?_ r=1&abt=0002&abg=0. 82 5 Ibid, p.309. 6 Ibid. p. 21. 7 Ibid. p. 21. 8 Ibid p. 23. политичка мисла бр. 47 // АКТУЕЛНО ќ , . ќ , . . , è . , . , , e ( 136. , „ , 12!).9 “ ѓ , !? ѓ zero-sum game! , . 1979 . 20% ). ( , , , ( , ќ , ) ѓ . , , è è, , ! : ќ ќ ќ . ќ , ќ , , ќ . è ...10 , è è, , , , / . , , : „ ( 1), , , 9 . , Will Wilkinson: Thinking Clearly about Economic Inequality, CATO Institute, Policy analysis n. 640, July 2009. 10 http://georgereismansblog.blogspot.com/2014/04/smith-marx-and-piketty-reismans-new.html година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 83 // АКТУЕЛНО - ќ . , , . .Ј - , 1, “. , ќ ? . , , ќ , ќ . , , ѓ r( ќ ќ ,ќ ). , , . . x%, ќ ќ x%? ќ ќ , . џ ќ , x% ќ x%. , „ “ 1. , - – . 11 , . „ “ ,„ ( “, ќ !). , . . , , ќ , , . ,„ , “.12 84 11 http://www.democracyjournal.org/33/the-inequality-puzzle.php?page=all 12 Tyler Cowen: Why a Global Tax Won’t End Inequality, Council on Foreign Relations, June 2014. политичка мисла бр. 47 , , // АКТУЕЛНО „ “ „ “, . :„ ј ?“13 , , ), ( , , / , ! , 50% 80% 200.000 500.000 , !? ѓ , ќ ( – )!? – , , :„ , , – „ “ , “.14 ќ ќ , ќ. , ѓ ,„ ќ ѓ “.15 , ,ќ – ( ). , !? ѓ ( , , ), , , 13 Murray Rothbard: Egalitarianism as a Revolt against Nature, (Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn, Alabama, 2000), 2nd edition, p. 5 14 Barton Hinkle: The Great Inequality Debate, Reason blog, January, 2014 (http://reason.com/archives/2014/01/08/thegreat-inequality-debate) 15 , , “– ( , , ќ è, !) , ќ („ ѓ ), . , ѓ ! ќ , , ќ , ! година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 85 // АКТУЕЛНО ( , . !), , , ќ , . ABSTRACT Thomas Piketty, the French professor of economics, and his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century have recently been the focus of debate among economists, politicians and intellectuals. With the publication of his monumental work based on empirical research done in the previous 15 years, professor Piketty aims to illustrate the “fatal flaw of capitalism”. Allegedly, the system itself contains “an inherent defect” that helps the rich to get richer, while the rest of the society sinks in “an endless inegalitarian crack”. Thus, Piketty is setting the tone of the debate for social inequality, especially interesting after the global financial crisis in 2007. The following review offers a critique of the core of the work of professor Piketty, i.e. of his theory of capitalism that aims to explain his empirical research of inequality and the concentration of wealth and envisages that the system will be crashed if it is not saved from itself (with progressive, egalitarian policies). In addition, we discuss his suggestions for “saving capitalism” and argue that it would significantly worsen the economic conditions. More importantly, in order to lower the inequality in income and wealth, Piketty’s claims can potentially create significant inequality in authority. At the end, we briefly discuss the political and the philosophical aspects of the inequality issue and try to make a distinction between circumstances when it presents a realistic problem and when it is just an ideological joker in the pockets of the anti-capitalists. Regardless of the critique offered here, the book Capital in the Twenty-First Century is his magnum opus that will be impossible to ignore in the future. His success is evident: it is at the top of the New York Times and Amazon best-selling lists, and there are numerous positive comments from authorities such as Paul Krugman, Martin Wolf and others. Of course, this has also been an additional challenge for the author to write this critical review. 86 политичка мисла бр. 47 // ЗА АВТОРИТЕ ј „Ј “ . – . , ѓ , . „ “ „ “( : bojanbogevski@yahoo.com - 2011). ќ „ . “– „ . . “– ќ : . , , , . : ЕУ“ „ЕУ – ј : : „Е - ќ “. – ќ . - ЕУ ќ ј : goran.eu@gmail.com Ј . E- : publikationen@kas.de ј – ќ . : , ј - . , 1982 . ѓ – “–Ш „ ѓ , : aneta.stojanovska@gmail.com , . – „ 2013 , . . E-mail: vmicajkova@yahoo.com. 2005 - , ѓ , “. , , , . - , : sveto_dw@yahoo.com година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 87 // ЗА АВТОРИТЕ . „ (1959), “; - , 2009 2006 e „ : max.hoefer@web.de “. ј 21.9.1981 “ 2010 „Ј . . , „ „ “. . “, . 2013 COST. ѓ , , ѓ , . - 88 политичка мисла бр. 47 , : bcavkoska@yahoo.com // ABOUT THE AUTHORS Bojan Bogevski holds a MA degree in Financial Law from the Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law in Skopje. He is currently employed in Stopanska Banka AD Skopje as Associate in the Chief Executive Officer’s Office. Apart from his regular working responsibilities, he is Vice President of the Libertarian Club Atlas and actively promotes libertarianism, economic freedom and free-market environmentalism. Bojan Bogevski is a Konrad Adenauer scholar and a Ludwig von Mises Summer University student (class of 2011). E-mail: bojanbogevski@yahoo.com Max A. Heffer (1959), politicologist and publicist, head of the Capital Department, managing director of the New Social Market Economy Initiative from 2006 to 2009, director of the Heffermedia Agency, Berlin (2010). E-mail max.hoefer@web.de Dr. Goran IliФ is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of St. Clement of Ohrid in Bitola. He is Vice Dean of Research at the Faculty of Law and member of the University Senate. His scholarly interests include law and politics of the EU, human rights, individual liberty, European federalism, etc. He is the author of the books Europe at the Crossroads: The Treaty of Lisbon as a Basis of European Union International Identity and EUtopia: The International Political Power of the EU in the Process of the Ideologization of the post-American world. Dr. Goran IliФ is also co-founder of the Institute for Research and European Studies in Bitola. E-mail: goran.eu@gmail.com Andreas Jaron was a student collaborator of the Team Financial Policy and Labour Market Policy at the Department Policy and Consulting. E-mail: publikationen@kas.de Vesna Micajkova obtained her PhD degree in Economics from the Institute of Economics in Skopje in 2013. She has published several papers in international and domestic journals. Her scholarly fields of interest include banking, finance, macroeconomics and monetary policy. Since November 2005 she has been employed at NLB Tutunska banka AD Skopje. E-mail: vmicajkova@yahoo.com. Aneta Stojanovska-Stefanova (1982) holds an MA in Political Science in the area of European and international politics and diplomacy. She is Teaching Assistant at the Goce Delcev University in Shtip where she teaches tutorials in international relations and the history of diplomacy. E-mail: aneta.stojanovska@gmail.com Sveto Toevski is an independent political analyst, researcher, lecturer at the State University of Tetovo and correspondent of the “Deutsche Welle” World Service. Academic areas of his research activity include political science, public opinion and political culture and their reciprocal causal effects, European integration, Macedonian Studies, anthropological linguistics and linguistic anthropolog. E-mail: sveto_dw@yahoo.com година 12, септември 2014, Скопје 89 // ABOUT THE AUTHORS Biljana Хavkoska (1981) gained her PhD degree from the Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law in 2010. She is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law at FON University and visiting professor at the State University of St. Clement of Ohrid in Bitola. She is also Head of the Department of Business Law and member of the Editorial Board of the journal Jurist. In 2013 she was elected National Coordinator of the Republic of Macedonia for COST Action financed by the European Union. Her papers have been published in numerous international scholarly journals in the area of international and business law (Great Britain, Germany, Turkey, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and in domestic popular journals and annual faculty proceedings. E-mail: bcavkoska@yahoo.com 90 политичка мисла бр. 47 Издавач: м-р Ања Чимек Publisher: Anja Czymmeck M.A. Основачи: д-р Ѓорге Иванов, м-р Андреас Клајн Founders: Dr. Gjorge Ivanov, Andreas Klein M.A. „Политичка мисла“ - Уредувачки одбор: Politička misla - Editorial Board: Ања Чимек Фондација „Конрад Аденауер“, Германија Андреас Клајн Фондација „Конрад Аденауер“, Германија Владимир Мисев Институт за демократија „Societas Civilis“ Скопје, Република Македонија Ненад Марковиќ Правен факултет „Јустинијан Први“, Универзитет Св. Кирил и Методиј, Република Македонија Иван Дамјановски Правен факултет „Јустинијан Први“, Универзитет Св. Кирил и Методиј, Република Македонија Гоце Дртковски Издавачка куќа „Љубовта е петтиот елемент“, Република Македонија Сандра Кољачкова Фондација „Конрад Аденауер“, Република Македонија Александар Бурка CIVIC – Институт за меѓународно образование, Австрија Сара Барбиери Институтот за Централна и Источна Европа и Балканот, Италија Дејан Павловиќ Факултет за политички науки, Универзитетот во Белград, Република Србија Жозe Раимундо џе Економски факултет, Сојузен Араужо Карваљо универзитет Сeрa, Жуниор Бразил Иварс Ијабс Факултет за општествени науки, Универзитетот во Латвија, Латвија Лидиа Пука Полскиот институт за меѓународни односи, Полска Адреса: ФОНДАЦИЈА „КОНРАД АДЕНАУЕР“, „Максим Горки“ 16, кат 3, МК-1000 Скопје, Тел.: 02 3231 122; Факс: 02 3135 290 Е-mail: Skopje@kas.de, Интернет: www.kas.de ИНСТИТУТ ЗА ДЕМОКРАТИЈА “SOCIETAS CIVILIS” СКОПЈЕ, „Крагуевачка“ 2, МК-1000 Скопје Тел./ факс: 02 30 94 760, Е-mail: contact@idscs.org.mk, Интернет: www.idscs.org.mk МАКЕДОНСКА АСОЦИЈАЦИЈА НА ПОЛИТИКОЛОЗИ, Е-mail: map@yahoogroups.com Anja Czymmeck Печат: Винсент графика Дизајн: Дејан Кузмановски Техничка подготовка: Пепи Дамјановски Превод: Калина Јанева, Ива Фиданчева Јазична редакција на македонски: Елена Саздовска Јазична редакција на англиски: Рајна Кошка Printing: Vinsent Grafika Design: Dejan Kuzmanovski Technical preparation: Pepi Damjanovski Translation : Kalina Janeva, Iva Fidančeva Macedonian Language Editor: Elena Sazdovska English Language Editor: Rajna Koška Ставовите изнесени во списанието не се ставови на Фондацијата „Конрад Аденауер” и Институтот за демократија „Societas Civilis”, туку се лични гледања на авторите. Издавачите не одговараат за грешки направени при преводот. Списанието се издава 4 пати годишно и им се доставува на политичките субјекти, државните институции, универзитетите, странските претставништва во Република Македонија. The views expressed in the magazine are not the views of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and the Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis” Skopje. They are personal views of the authors. The publisher is not liable for any translation errors. The magazine is published 4 times a year and it is distributed to political subjects, state institutions, universities, and foreign representatives in the Republic of Macedonia. Година 12, број 47, септември Скопје 2014 ISSN 1409-9853 Year 12, No 47, September Skopje 2014 ISSN 1409-9853 Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Germany Andreas Klein Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Germany Vladimir Misev Societas Civilis Institute for Democracy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Nenad Marković Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Republic of Macedonia Ivan Damjanovski Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Republic of Macedonia Goce Drtkovski “Ljubovta e pettiot element” Publishing House, Republic of Macedonia Sandra Koljačkova Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Republic of Macedonia Alexandar Burka CIVIC – Institute for international Education, Austria Sara Barbieri Istituto per l’Europa Centro-Orientale e Balcanica, Italy Dejan Pavlović Faculty of Political Science, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia José Raimundo de Faculty of Economics, Federal Araújo Carvalho University of Ceará, Júnior Brasil Ivars Ijabs Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Latvia, Latvia Lidia Puka The Polish Institute of International Affairs, Poland Address: KONRAD-ADENAUER-STIFTUNG ul. Maksim Gorki 16/3 MK - 1000 Skopje Phone: 02 3231 122; Fax: 02 3135 290; E-mail: Skopje@kas.de; Internet: www.kas.de INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACY “SOCIETAS CIVILIS” SKOPJE ul. Kraguevačka 2 MK - 1000 Skopje; Phone/ Fax: 02 30 94 760; E-mail: contact@idscs.org.mk; Internet: www.idscs.org.mk MACEDONIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION; E-mail: map@yahoogroups.com