Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial
Enterprises in Serbia” *
UDK 001.83
Slobodan Malinić, University of Kragujevac,Faculty of Economics, Kragujevac
Mirjana Todorović, University of Kragujevac,Faculty of Economics,
Kragujevac
Dejan Jovanović, University of Kragujevac,Faculty of Economics, Kragujevac
Summary:
The aim of the paper „ERP and Management Accounting Changes of Industrial
Enterprises in Serbia” was to investigate one specific aspect of management
accounting, precisely the changes of management accounting under the influence of
modern information technologies. Therefore, our aim was neither to criticize nor to
promote SAP (or some other ERP software). SAP is one of the best, most popular
and most widely accepted ERP software in Serbia. That was the main reason for
choosing SAP for our research. The main objective of this Comment is an attempt to
point out the differences in expressed opinions, which are mainly the result of
different ideas and aspects of the analysis and points of view of our paper. We
consider the mentioned critique to be well-intentioned and useful, primarily for the
authors of the paper, but also for the users of the results of our paper, as well as the
reputation of the journal INDUSTRIJA.
Rezime:
Cilj rada „ERP i promene upravljačkog računovodstva industrijskih preduzeća Srbije“
je bio da istraži jedan specifičan aspekt upravljačkog računovodstva, preciznije
aspekt njegovih promena pod uticajem savremenih informacionih tehnologija. Naš
cilj nije bio ni kritikovanje ni promovisanje SAP-a (kao ni nekog drugog ERP
softvera). SAP je jedan od najboljih, najpopularnijih i najšire prihvaćenih ERP
softvera u Srbiji. To je bio i najvažniji razlog za izbor SAP-a za naše istraživanje.
Osnovni cilj ovog napisa jeste pokušaj autora da svojim stavovima ukažemo na
neka neslaganja i razloge istih za kritiku, a koja su uglavnom rezultat različitih ideja i
aspekata razmatranja našeg rada. Upućenu kritiku smatramo dobronamernom
idejom – korisnom pre svega za nas autore, ali i za korisnike rezultata našeg napisa,
kao i za ugled časopisa Industrija.
© 2012 Published by Economics Institute
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Industrija, Vol.40, No.3, 2012
Malinić, S., M. Todorović, D. Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia”
1. INTRODUCTION
The role of accounting information systems and management accounting
system has been changing during their evolution. The evolution was caused
by many different factors. One of the new and most important factors of
changes is the application of modern information technologies and
information systems. The consideration of modern information technologies
is impossible without mentioning the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning
Systems). There are a lot of different ERP software (BAAN, Oracle,
Microsoft Dynamics and others). But one of the most widespread is SAP.
The SAP is the leading business software, which is used by more than
105.000 different economic entities in 120 countries of the world. More than
2/3 of the companies from Forbes list -TOP 500 use SAP. Additionally, it
needs to be pointed out that the users of SAP in Serbia contribute with
more than 1/3 to the gross domestic product of the country. Bearing in mind
the great SAP performances and fact that SAP is the most common
software in Serbian market, only those industrial enterprises that are SAP
users were interviewed for the research purposes.
The comment on the Critique of the Paper „ERP anН Management
AММounting Changes of InНustrial Enterprises in Serbia” by the authors:
Malinić SloboНan, ToНorović Mirjana anН Jovanović Dejan (MTJ), publisheН
in April-June 2012 (Vol. 10(2), pp. 189-208) issue of the journal
INDUSTRIJA is the answer on the Critique. We would like to stress that the
objeМtives of the paper „ERP anН Management AММounting Changes of
InНustrial Enterprises in Serbia” are the iНentifiМation, evaluation anН
analysis of the impact of SAP, as the leading business ERP software, on
management accounting system and management accountants of industrial
enterprises in Serbia. Our intention was only to assess the amount of the
impact of SAP software solutions on the management accounting system
changes and management accountants. The Comment has no hidden
intention whatsoever to scientifically discredit Critique's author or to diminish
his/her contribution to the understanding of SAP software solutions,
especially having in mind his/her obvious qualifications in the field.
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Industrija, Vol.40, No.3, 2012
Malinić, S., M. Todorović, D. Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia”
2. THE ANALYSIS OF THE CRITIQUE AND ATTITUDES
Over the world there are many studies considering different ERP software
effects on management accounting and management accountants.
However, the results of these studies are not completely consistent. There
are several reasons for this. The way in which different ERP software will
influence the management accounting system largely depends on how the
system is defined and understood. Poor or inadequate understanding of the
ERP causes poor comprehension of its impact on management accounting.
There are also other reasons for fragmented results, for example high level
of data aggregation, the use of various research methods, different scope of
research (whether it is conducted at the level of divisions or enterprises),
etc. The most important conculsions from these studies, which were
published in reputable international journals, are as follows:
ERP is the factor of the improvement of organizational performances
(sources: 2,10 and 22, from MTJ, 2012),
Although present, there is no particularly significant impact of ERP on
the practice of management accounting, i.e. ERP does not significantly
contribute to the implementation of innovative accounting techniques in
industrial enterprises, for example ABC, BSC, TC and others
(sources:18 and 21, from MTJ, 2012),
The basic accounting logic is not being changed under the influence of
ERP and there are no dramatic changes in the accounting itself, but, in
most cases, there are changes concerning the work of accountants.
Their job becomes more complex and role broader and more
demanding, even though some of the traditional accounting tasks are
transferred to other employees in the enterprise (sources: 18 and 23,
from MTJ, 2012),
ERP increases the level of routine tasks, and there are more
evolutionary than revolutionary changes in management accounting,
therefore the changes are incremental. The case study of an Italian
company from Milan shows that accountants spend less time on
reporting because those tasks are mostly automated after the ERP
implementation but they spend more time on complex business
analyses, etc. (source: 3, from MTJ, 2012).
Bearing in mind these and other similar studies, our aim was to conduct
similar research in Serbia. The aforementioned studies were based on
different ERP software and we chose SAP for the reasons already
mentioned.
Issues of the research in the paper „ERP anН Management AММounting
Changes of InНustrial Enterprises in Serbia” are eбМlusively the Мhanges
that oММur in management aММounting anН management aММountants’ аork
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Malinić, S., M. Todorović, D. Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia”
under the influence of the SAP application as one of the leading ERP
software. SAP is one of the software present on Serbian market, as
highlighteН in this paper: „Since the most common software in Serbian
market is SAP only those industrial enterprises that are the SAP users were
interviewed, as in the case of Hyvonen, 2003. (MTJ, 2012).
Company size as a factor that determines the organization and
functioning of management accounting. There are many factors which
significantly influence the organization and functioning of accounting
information systems and management accounting. For example: economic
environment, production methods, applied technology, location of a
company, organization structure and many others. The enterprise size is
one of the most important factors of the organizational structuring of
accounting department. There are many different criteria in classifying the
size of a company, for example: the size of capital, the number of
employees, company results and others. The Law on accounting and
auditing in Serbia of 2006 has made the difference concerning the company
size according to the following criteria: the average number of employees,
annual revenue and asset value determined on the date of the preparation
of financial statements for the fiscal year. The fact is that the organization
and functioning of accounting department in large enterprises requires more
detailed division of all activities, which directly reflects the organization of
human, material, financial and other resources within the accounting
department. Also, there is a greater amount of specific transactions, the
tasks of accountants are more complex and need subtle organizational and
methodological solutions, and information management requirements are
more frequent and more specific. All these facts are the reason for choosing
large enterprises for the analysis of the changes in management accounting
systems under the SAP application.
“Small and medium enterprises were not taken into consideration, which is
compatible with similar research studies in the world” (MTJ 2012). The
company SAP Inc. has developed many software solutions for large,
medium, and small companies, as well as divisions and subsidiaries of
larger companies. At the same time, about 75% of SAP users are small and
medium companies. Therefore, the company size is not a limiting factor for
the implementation of SAP solutions. Our assumption was that in the case
of small and medium enterprises, the size of the enterprise may be a
limiting factor in identifying the SAP effect on management accounting (not
for the SAP implementation).
Previous studies in Serbia. During the research realization there were a
lot of difficulties (MTJ 2012). Here, we have in mind only the studies which
test the SAP effect on management accounting and management
accountants in Serbia. We have not discussed the previous research
necessary for the need of SAP implementation. The fact is that SAP could
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Malinić, S., M. Todorović, D. Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia”
not be implemented and examined in any company without carrying out a
thorough market and industry-specific research.
Multiple case method. “The authors are aware of all possible limiting
factors. Disputing may be small sample size, which consists of 10 large
industrial companies, users of SAP” (MTJ 2012). However, the leading
literature in this field indicates that for the research which is rather new and
in the field with little previous research, it is advisable to use a multiple case
study. The multiple case method is suited to researching unknown subjects,
i.e., for getting in-depth and first-hand understanding of a particular
situation. Unlike single case studies, multiple case studies permit replication
and extension between individual cases, which helps researchers to
understand patterns more easily, to eliminate chance associations, and to
form better theoretical structure.While there is no ideal number of cases, a
number between four and ten usually works. For this reason we have
chosen 10 enterprises.
SAP effects on management accounting in the enterprises of different
industries. The company SAP Inc. has developed numerous software
applications for different types of industries. Furthermore, there are
numerous serious studies and analyses considering the topic. The
examples mentioned by the author of the Critique are very correct and may
be interesting for a future research. However, our focus was only the SAP
effect on management accounting in industrial enterprises. We did not
consider other aspects of the SAP impact, because our objectives were
oriented only towards the accounting. Additionally, in striving to increase the
reliability of the results, enterprises of different industries and with different
length of using SAP were selected. We have also noted that between
companies of different industries there are no significant differences
regarding the effects of SAP on management accounting: „the impact of
ERP on management accounting system, especially its tasks, techniques
and organization, equally refers to all the enterprises, even industrial ones“
(MTJ 2012).
The analysis of SAP’s information potential from the perspective of
accountants. Conducted research has not dealt with the technical (IT)
aspects of various SAP modules. The authors were interested in different
data and information obtained from the SAP software. Moreover, we have
eбamineН the overall SAP’s information potential anН Мhanges in
aММountants’ аork in that sense. The SAP’s potential is enormous. The SAP
reports are well known for their precision and reliability. The fact is that SAP
improves and standardizes information flows. Also, it is very successful in
the domain of transaction processing and efficient in the creation of
numerous financial, manufacturing, statistical and management information.
Research results show that there is the information which cannot be
obtained directly from SAP, so it is necessary to use Excel, BI or other
tools, which additionally increases the significance of management
accountants. SAP directly provides a lot of information for the needs of
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Malinić, S., M. Todorović, D. Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia”
operational decision-making, but it is necessary to use the additional tools
for creating information for the needs of medium-term and long-term
decision-making. It is undisputed that the SAP database is the basis for
obtaining this information. The authors МonМluНeН: „…confirms the
statement on the high efficiency of SAP in the domain of processing and
reporting for operational purposes“ (MTJ 2012). Also the company SAP Inc.
has developed the solution SAP Strategic Enterprise Management. The
intention was to emphasize the increasing importance and role of
management accountants, whose task is the production of the information.
Once again we wanted to emphasize the role of management accountants
and their work. Only in that sense and that context we gave the comment
that SAP does not provide directly all the necessary information for a longterm and strategic decision-making. Therefore, the intention was not to
criticize the SAP information support, but to emphasize the importance of
management accountants in the process of information creation.
Management accountants should be engaged in the preparation of
necessary information and reports for the needs of middle and top
management.
3. CONCULUSIONS
The objectives of the paper “ERP anН Management AММounting Changes of
InНustrial Enterprises in Serbia” are the identification, evaluation and
analysis of the impact of SAP on a management accounting system and
management accountants of industrial enterprises in Serbia. Objectives
were neither to criticize nor to promote SAP software. On the contrary, our
intention was:
To analyze and stress SAP impact on management accounting and
management accountant,
To explain the changed role of management accountant in modern era
of networked computing,
To emphasize the role and importance of management accounting and
their work.
Our research analyze only one specific aspect of the SAP impact. As we
mentioned in our paper we are aware of all possible limiting factors. During
the entire work and in presenting the conclusions, we were guided by a
similar research in the world. We are confident in the reliability of the
results, particularly because the obtained conclusions largely coincide with
the findings of similar surveys carried out in the world.
Finally, although critiques are usually not pleasant, in this case, we have
analyzed them with an adequate care and attention. Also we have
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Industrija, Vol.40, No.3, 2012
Malinić, S., M. Todorović, D. Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP and
Management Accounting Changes of Industrial Enterprises in Serbia”
discussed different views with sincere and collegial gratitude to the author.
We express gratitude and respect to the author of the Critique particularly
because he carefully and competently read and studied our paper and
pointed out its possible weaknesses with suggestions for its better
understanding and improvement. All this, especially multidisciplinary
approach, hopefully, will help us to see further than its predecessors,
previous researchers of this issue.
Coresponding Author: Mirjana ToНorović, mtodorovic@kg.ac.rs
To cite article, use the following format: Malinić, S., M. ToНorović, D.
Jovanović:Comment on the Critique of the paper „ERP anН Management AММounting
Changes of InНustrial Enterprises in Serbia”, Industrija, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp 25-31
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