ABAP 740 Quickreference

ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference So you're an experienced ABAP programmer wanting to leverage off the fantastic new functionality available to you in ABAP 7.40! However, searching for information on this topic leads you to fragmented pages or blogs that refer to only a couple of the new features available to you. What you need is a quick reference guide which gives you the essentials you need and shows you how the code you are familiar with can be improved with ABAP 7.40. The below document contains exactly this! It gives examples of "classic" ABAP and its 740 equivalent. It goes into more details on the more difficult topics normally via examples. This allows the reader to dive in to the level they desire. While this document does not contain everything pertaining to ABAP 740 it certainly covers the most useful parts in the experience of the author. The document has been compiled by drawing on existing material available online as well as trial and error by the author. In particular the blogs by Horst Keller have been useful and are the best reference I have found (prior to this document ). He has a landing page of sorts for his various blogs on the topic here: ABAP Language News for Release 7.40 Credit also goes to Naimesh Patel for his useful explanations and examples on ABAP 7.40. Here is his example of the "FOR iteration expression" which I leaned on (links to his other 740 articles can be found at the bottom of the link): http://zevolving.com/2015/05/abap-740-for-iteration-expression/ I compiled the below document to make the transition to using ABAP 740 easier for myself and my project team. It has worked well for us and I hope it will do the same for you. Regards, Jeff Towell ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference Author: Jeffrey Towell Created: 2015 Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 1 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference Contents 1. Inline Declarations 2. Table Expressions 3. Conversion Operator CONV I. Definition II. Example 4. Value Operator VALUE I. Definition II. Example for structures III. Examples for internal tables 5. FOR operator I. Definition II. Explanation III. Example 1 IV. Example 2 V. FOR with THEN and UNTIL|WHILE 6. Reduce I. Definition II. Note III. Example 1 IV. Example 2 V. Example 3 7. Conditional operators COND and SWITCH I. Definition II. Example for COND III. Example for SWITCH 8.Strings I. String Templates II. Concatenation III. Width/Alignment/Padding. IV. Case V. ALPHA conversion VI. Date conversion 9. Classes/Methods I. Referencing fields within returned structures II. Methods that return a type BOOLEAN III. NEW operator 10. Meshes I. Problem II. Solution III. Output Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 2 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference 11. Filter I. Definition II. Problem III. Solution 1. Inline Declarations Description Before 7.40 With 7.40 Data statement DATA text TYPE string. text = `ABC`. DATA(text) = `ABC`. Loop at into work area DATA wa like LINE OF itab. LOOP AT itab INTO wa. ... ENDLOOP. LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa). ... ENDLOOP. Call method DATA a1 TYPE ... DATA a2 TYPE ... oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = a1 IMPORTING p2 = a2 ). oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1) IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2) ). Loop at assigning FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELDSYMBOL(<line>). ... ENDLOOP. … LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING <line>. ... ENDLOOP. Read assigning FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type … READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING <line>. Select into table DATA itab TYPE TABLE OF dbtab. SELECT * FROM dbtab INTO TABLE itab WHERE fld1 = lv_fld1. READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELDSYMBOL(<line>). SELECT * FROM dbtab INTO TABLE DATA(itab) WHERE fld1 = @lv_fld1. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 3 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference Select single into SELECT SINGLE f1 f2 FROM dbtab INTO (lv_f1, lv_f2) WHERE ... WRITE: / lv_f1, lv_f2. SELECT SINGLE f1 AS my_f1, F2 AS abc FROM dbtab INTO @DATA(ls_str) "struc WHERE ... WRITE: / ls_str-my_f1, ls_strabc. 2. Table Expressions If a table line is not found, the exception CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND is raised. No sy-subrc. Description Before 7.40 With 7.40 Read Table index READ TABLE itab INDEX idx INTO wa. wa = itab[ idx ]. Read Table using key READ TABLE itab INDEX idx USING KEY key INTO wa. wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ]. Read Table with key READ TABLE itab wa = itab[ col1 = … col2 = … ]. WITH KEY col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa. Read Table with key components READ TABLE itab WITH TABLE KEY key wa = itab[ KEY key col1 = … col2 = … ]. COMPONENTS col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa. Does record exist? READ TABLE itab ... TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. IF sy-subrc = 0. ... ENDIF. IF line_exists( itab[ ... ] ). ... ENDIF. Get table index DATA idx type sy-tabix. READ TABLE ... TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. idx = sy-tabix. DATA(idx) = line_index( itab[ ... ] ). Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 4 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference NB: There will be a short dump if you use an inline expression that references a non-existent record. SAP says you should therefore assign a field symbol and check sy-subrc. ASSIGN lt_tab[ 1 ] to FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_tab>). IF sy-subrc = 0. ... ENDIF. NB: Use itab [ table_line = … ] for untyped tables. 3. Conversion Operator CONV I. Definition CONV dtype|#( ... ) dtype = Type you want to convert to (explicit) # = compiler must use the context to decide the type to convert to (implicit) II. Example Method cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to expects a string Before 7.40 DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA helper TYPE string. DATA xstr TYPE xstring. helper = text. xstr = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = helper ). With 7.40 DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV string( text ) ). OR DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV #( text ) ). Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 5 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference 4. Value Operator VALUE I. Definition Variables: VALUE dtype|#( ) Structures: VALUE dtype|#( comp1 = a1 comp2 = a2 ... ) Tables: VALUE dtype|#( ( ... ) ( ... ) ... ) ... II. Example for structures TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columns1, “Simple structure cols1 TYPE i, cols2 TYPE i, END OF ty_columns1. TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columnns2, “Nested structure coln1 TYPE i, coln2 TYPE ty_columns1, END OF ty_columns2. DATA: struc_simple TYPE ty_columns1, struc_nest TYPE ty_columns2. struct_nest = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1 coln2-cols1 = 1 coln2-cols2 = 2 ). OR struct_nest = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1 coln2 = VALUE #( cols1 = 1 cols2 = 2 ) ). III. Examples for internal tables Elementary line type: TYPES t_itab TYPE TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 6 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference DATA itab TYPE t_itab. itab = VALUE #( ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ). Structured line type (RANGES table): DATA itab TYPE RANGE OF i. itab = VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'BT' ( low = 1 high = 10 ) ( low = 21 high = 30 ) ( low = 41 high = 50 ) option = 'GE' ( low = 61 ) ). 5. FOR operator I. Definition FOR wa|<fs> IN itab [INDEX INTO idx] [cond] II. Explanation This effectively causes a loop at itab. For each loop the row read is assigned to a work area (wa) or fieldsymbol(<fs>). This wa or <fs> is local to the expression i.e. if declared in a subrourine the variable wa or <fs> is a local variable of that subroutine. Index like SY-TABIX in loop. Given: TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_ship, tknum TYPE tknum, "Shipment Number name TYPE ernam, "Name of Person who Created the Object city TYPE ort01, route TYPE route, "Starting city "Shipment route END OF ty_ship. TYPES: ty_ships TYPE SORTED TABLE OF ty_ship WITH UNIQUE KEY tknum. TYPES: ty_citys TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ort01 WITH EMPTY KEY. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 7 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference GT_SHIPS type ty_ships. -> has been populated as follows: Row TKNUM[C(10)] Name[C(12)] City[C(25)] Route[C(6)] 1 001 John Melbourne R0001 2 002 Gavin Sydney R0003 3 003 Lucy Adelaide R0001 4 004 Elaine Perth R0003 III. Example 1 Populate internal table GT_CITYS with the cities from GT_SHIPS. Before 7.40 DATA: gt_citys TYPE ty_citys, gs_ship TYPE ty_ship, gs_city TYPE ort01. LOOP AT gt_ships INTO gs_ship. gs_city = gs_ship-city. APPEND gs_city TO gt_citys. ENDLOOP. With 7.40 DATA(gt_citys) = VALUE ty_citys( FOR ls_ship IN gt_ships ( ls_ship-city ) ). IV. Example 2 Populate internal table GT_CITYS with the cities from GT_SHIPS where the route is R0001. Before 7.40 DATA: gt_citys TYPE ty_citys, gs_ship TYPE ty_ship, gs_city TYPE ort01. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 8 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference LOOP AT gt_ships INTO gs_ship WHERE route = 'R0001'. gs_city = gs_ship-city. APPEND gs_city TO gt_citys. ENDLOOP. With 7.40 DATA(gt_citys) = VALUE ty_citys( FOR ls_ship IN gt_ships WHERE ( route = 'R0001' ) ( ls_ship-city ) ). Note: ls_ship does not appear to have been declared but it is declared implicitly. V. FOR with THEN and UNTIL|WHILE FOR i = ... [THEN expr] UNTIL|WHILE log_exp Populate an internal table as follows: TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_line, col1 TYPE i, col2 TYPE i, col3 TYPE i, END OF ty_line, ty_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_line WITH EMPTY KEY. Before 7.40 DATA: gt_itab TYPE ty_tab, j TYPE i. FIELD-SYMBOLS <ls_tab> TYPE ty_line. j = 1. DO. j = j + 10. IF j > 40. EXIT. ENDIF. APPEND INITIAL LINE TO gt_itab ASSIGNING <ls_tab>. <ls_tab>-col1 = j. <ls_tab>-col2 = j + 1. <ls_tab>-col3 = j + 2. ENDDO. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 9 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference With 7.40 DATA(gt_itab) = VALUE ty_tab( FOR j = 11 THEN j + 10 UNTIL j > 40 ( col1 = j col2 = j + 1 col3 = j + 2 ) ). 6. Reduce I. Definition ... REDUCE type( INIT result = start_value ... FOR for_exp1 FOR for_exp2 ... NEXT ... result = iterated_value ... ) II. Note While VALUE and NEW expressions can include FOR expressions, REDUCE must include at least one FOR expression. You can use all kinds of FOR expressions in REDUCE: • with IN for iterating internal tables • with UNTIL or WHILE for conditional iterations III. Example 1 Count lines of table that meet a condition (field F1 contains “XYZ”). Before 7.40 DATA: lv_lines TYPE i. LOOP AT gt_itab INTO ls_itab where F1 = ‘XYZ’. lv_lines = lv_lines + 1. ENDLOOP. With 7.40 DATA(lv_lines) = REDUCE i( INIT x = 0 FOR wa IN gt_itab Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 10 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference Where( F1 = ‘XYZ’ ) NEXT x = x + 1 ). IV. Example 2 Sum the values 1 to 10 stored in the column of a table defined as follows DATA gt_itab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY. gt_itab = VALUE #( FOR j = 1 WHILE j <= 10 ( j ) ). Before 7.40 DATA: lv_line TYPE i, lv_sum TYPE i. LOOP AT gt_itab INTO lv_line. lv_sum = lv_sum + lv_line. ENDLOOP. With 7.40 DATA(lv_sum) = REDUCE i( INIT x = 0 FOR wa IN itab NEXT x = x + wa ). V. Example 3 Using a class reference - works because “write” method returns reference to instance object With 7.40 TYPES outref TYPE REF TO if_demo_output. DATA(output) = REDUCE outref( INIT out = cl_demo_output=>new( ) text = `Count up:` FOR n = 1 UNTIL n > 11 NEXT out = out->write( text ) text = |{ n }| ). output->display( ). Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 11 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference 7. Conditional operators COND and SWITCH I. Definition ... COND dtype|#( WHEN log_exp1 THEN result1 [ WHEN log_exp2 THEN result2 ] ... [ ELSE resultn ] ) ... ... SWITCH dtype|#( operand WHEN const1 THEN result1 [ WHEN const2 THEN result2 ] ... [ ELSE resultn ] ) ... II. Example for COND DATA(time) = COND string( WHEN sy-timlo < '120000' THEN |{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM| WHEN sy-timlo > '120000' THEN |{ CONV t( sy-timlo - 12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM| WHEN sy-timlo = '120000' THEN |High Noon| ELSE THROW cx_cant_be( ) ). III. Example for SWITCH DATA(text) = NEW class( )->meth( SWITCH #( sy-langu WHEN 'D' THEN `DE` WHEN 'E' THEN `EN` Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 12 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference ELSE THROW cx_langu_not_supported( ) ) ). 8. Strings I. String Templates A string template is enclosed by two characters "|" and creates a character string. Literal text consists of all characters that are not in braces {}. The braces can contain: • data objects, • calculation expressions, • constructor expressions, • table expressions, • predefined functions, or • functional methods and method chainings Before 7.40 DATA itab TYPE TABLE OF scarr. SELECT * FROM scarr INTO TABLE itab. DATA wa LIKE LINE OF itab. READ TABLE itab WITH KEY carrid = 'LH' INTO wa. DATA output TYPE string. CONCATENATE 'Carrier:' wa-carrname INTO output SEPARATED BY space. cl_demo_output=>display( output ). With 7.40 SELECT * FROM scarr INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_scarr). Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 13 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference cl_demo_output=>display( | Carrier: { lt_scarr[ carrid = 'LH' ]-carrname }| ). II. Concatenation Before 7.40 DATA lv_output TYPE string. CONCATENATE 'Hello' 'world' INTO lv_output SEPARATED BY space. With 7.40 DATA(lv_out) = |Hello| & | | & |world|. III. Width/Alignment/Padding WRITE / |{ 'Left' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = LEFT PAD = '0' }|. WRITE / |{ 'Centre' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = CENTER PAD = '0' }|. WRITE / |{ 'Right' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }|. IV. Case WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_raw) }|. WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_upper) }|. WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_lower) }|. V. ALPHA conversion DATA(lv_vbeln) = '0000012345'. WRITE / |{ lv_vbeln ALPHA = OUT }|. “or use ALPHA = IN to go in other direction VI. Date conversion WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = ISO }|. “Date Format YYYY-MM-DD WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = User }|. “As per user settings Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 14 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = Environment }|. “Formatting setting of language environment 9. Classes/Methods I. Referencing fields within returned structures Before 7.40 DATA: ls_lfa1 TYPE lfa1, lv_name1 TYPE lfa1-name1. ls_lfa1 = My_Class=>get_lfa1( ). lv_name1 = ls_lfa1-name1. With 7.40 DATA(lv_name1) = My_Class=>get_lfa1( )-name1. II. Methods that return a type BOOLEAN Before 7.40 IF My_Class=>return_boolean( ) = abap_true. … ENDIF. With 7.40 IF My_Class=>return_boolean( ). … ENDIF. NB: The type “BOOLEAN” is not a true Boolean but a char1 with allowed values X,- and <blank>. Using type “FLAG” or “WDY_BOOLEAN” works just as well. III. NEW operator This operator can be used to instantiate an object. Before 7.40 DATA: lo_delivs TYPE REF TO zcl_sd_delivs, Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 15 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference lo_deliv TYPE REF TO zcl_sd_deliv. CREATE OBJECT lo_delivs. CREATE OBJECT lo_deliv. lo_deliv = lo_delivs->get_deliv( lv_vbeln ). With 7.40 DATA(lo_deliv) = new zcl_sd_delivs( )->get_deliv( lv_vbeln ). 10. Meshes Allows an association to be set up between related data groups. I. Problem Given the following 2 internal tables: TYPES: BEGIN OF t_manager, name TYPE char10, salary TYPE int4, END OF t_manager, tt_manager TYPE SORTED TABLE OF t_manager WITH UNIQUE KEY name. TYPES: BEGIN OF t_developer, name TYPE char10, salary TYPE int4, manager TYPE char10, "Name of manager END OF t_developer, tt_developer TYPE SORTED TABLE OF t_developer WITH UNIQUE KEY name. Populated as follows: Row Name[C(10)] Salary[I(4)] 1 Jason 3000 2 Thomas 3200 Row Name[C(10)] Salary[I(4) Manager[C(10)] Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 16 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference 1 Bob 2100 Jason 2 David 2000 Thomas 3 Jack 1000 Thomas 4 Jerry 1000 Jason 5 John 2100 Thomas 6 Tom 2000 Jason Get the details of Jerry’s manager and all developers managed by Thomas. II. Solution With 7.40 TYPES: BEGIN OF MESH m_team, managers TYPE tt_manager ASSOCIATION my_employee TO developers ON manager = name, developers TYPE tt_developer ASSOCIATION my_manager TO managers ON name = manager, END OF MESH m_team. DATA: ls_team TYPE m_team. ls_team-managers = lt_manager. ls_team-developers = lt_developer. *Get details of Jerry's manager * "get line of dev table ASSIGN lt_developer[ name = 'Jerry' ] TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_jerry>). DATA(ls_jmanager) = ls_team-developers\my_manager[ jerry ]. WRITE: / |Jerry's manager: { ls_jmanager-name }|,30 |Salary: { ls_jmanager-salary }|. "Get Thomas' developers SKIP. WRITE: / |Thomas' developers:|. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 17 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference "line of manager table ASSIGN lt_manager[ name = 'Thomas' ] TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_thomas>). LOOP AT ls_team-managers\my_employee[ thomas ] ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_emp>). WRITE: / |Employee name: { <ls_emp>-name }|. ENDLOOP. III. Output Jerry's manager: Jason Salary: 3000 Thomas' developers: Employee name: David Employee name: Jack Employee name: John 11. Filter Filter the records in a table based on records in another table. I. Definition ... FILTER type( itab [EXCEPT] [IN ftab] [USING KEY keyname] WHERE c1 op f1 [AND c2 op f2 [...]] ) II. Problem Filter an internal table of Flight Schedules (SPFLI) to only those flights based on a filter table that contains the fields Cityfrom and CityTo. III. Solution With 7.40 TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_filter, cityfrom TYPE spfli-cityfrom, cityto TYPE spfli-cityto, Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 18 ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference f3 TYPE i, END OF ty_filter, ty_filter_tab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF ty_filter WITH UNIQUE KEY cityfrom cityto. DATA: lt_splfi TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF spfli. SELECT * FROM spfli APPENDING TABLE lt_splfi. DATA(lt_filter) = VALUE ty_filter_tab( f3 = 2 ( cityfrom = 'NEW YORK' cityto = 'SAN FRANCISCO' ) ( cityfrom = 'FRANKFURT' cityto = 'NEW YORK' ) ). DATA(lt_myrecs) = FILTER #( lt_splfi IN lt_filter WHERE cityfrom = cityfrom AND cityto = cityto ). “Output filtered records LOOP AT lt_myrecs ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<ls_rec>). WRITE: / <ls_rec>-carrid,8 <ls_rec>-cityfrom,30 <ls_rec>-cityto,45 <ls_rec>-deptime. ENDLOOP. Note: using the keyword “EXCEPT” (see definition above) would have returned the exact opposite records i.e all records EXCEPT for those those returned above. Generated by Jive on 2015-11-13+01:00 19