SUMMARY The security of modern computer systems heavily depends on security tools, especially on antivirus software solutions. In the anti-malware research community, development of techniques for evading detection by antivirus software is an active research area. This has led to malware that can bypass or subvert antivirus software. The common strategies deployed include the use of obfuscated code and staged malware whose first instance (usually installer such as dropper and downloader) is not detected by the antivirus software. Increasingly, most of the modern malware are staged ones in order for them to be not detected by antivirus solutions at the early stage of intrusion. The installers then determine the method for further intrusion including antivirus bypassing techniques. Some malware target boot and/or shutdown time when antivirus software may be inactive so that they can perform their malicious activities. However, there can be another time frame where antivirus solutions may be inactive, namely, during the time of update. All antivirus software share a unique characteristic that they must be updated at a very high frequency to provide up-to-date protection of their system. In this paper, we suggest a novel attack vector that targets antivirus updates and show practical examples of how a system and antivirus software itself can be compromised during the update of antivirus software. Local privilege escalation using this vulnerability is also described. We have investigated this design vulnerability with several of the major antivirus software products such as Avira, AVG, McAfee, Microsoft, and Symantec and found that they are vulnerable to this new attack vector. The paper also discusses possible solutions that can be used to mitigate the attack in the existing versions of the antivirus software as well as in the future ones.
Tuberculosis is a great challenge for post-transplant patients. The burden is more complicated in developing countries like Bangladesh. It can cause allograft rejection and graft loss due to delayed diagnosis or loss of efficacy of immunosuppressant drugs following anti-tubercular therapy. The present study documents a case where a patient developed disseminated tuberculosis after receiving a kidney transplant. This article presents the case of a 58-year-old woman who had a renal transplant 10 years back and presented with fever for 2 months. Detailed history and examination shows there is nodular swelling in the left post auricular area along with multiple swelling in the scalp. There was tenderness in the right hypochondriac area. Thorough investigations including a CT scan of the abdomen were done which showed a collection of pus in the subphrenic area. Ultrasound guided aspiration of the pus was done and was sent for microbiological evaluation. FNAC was done from the left post auricular swelling and was sent for microbiological evaluation. Both of the samples were positive for tubercular bacilli. Urine GeneXpert was also positive for AFB. The patient was diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis and an antitubercular regimen was started. After the treatment patient was clinically improved. The index of suspicion should be high when a posttransplant patient presents with PUO. Early diagnosis may save the graft function
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 2022
The goal of this study was to learn about the challenges and opportunities faced by out-of-field teachers in a public and private school in Davao del Sur. A phenomenological qualitative research design was used in this study. The information was collected from nine (9) out-of-field teachers in the province of Davao del Sur. On the other hand, data was gathered through an in-depth interview with the participants. The result revealed that the out-of-field teachers had diverse experiences, such as: assuring that they review the topic before teaching it, challenges of first time out-of-field teachers, challenges, and struggles of choosing the right teaching strategy, challenges of having meaningful learning content, studying and searching for the learning content, peer tutoring with co-teacher, use of English language for effective teaching, use of suitable teaching strategies, difficult but you have to endeavor, being resourceful and optimistic in teaching and it gives additional knowledge. Furthermore, results show that out-of-field teaching is a challenge for a teacher. On the other hand, teaching-out-field subjects won't make you less of a teacher. Instead, this opportunity will widen your knowledge towards other subject matter as well as your pedagogical knowledge as a teacher.
J. Ortiz Córdoba y E. M.ª Morales Rodríguez (eds.), Los caminos de la integración: las élites locales en la Hispania meridional entre la República y el Alto Imperio romano (ss. III a.C. – II d.C.), Granada, 2023. Editorial Comares, ISBN: 978-84-1369-496-2, 2023