The Prescriptivist Discourse

The majority of organizations are competing to survive in this volatile and fierce market environment. Motivation and performance of the employees are essential tools for the success of any organization in the long run. On the one hand, measuring performance is critical to organization's management, as it highlights the evolution and achievement of the organization. On the other hand, there is a positive relationship between employee motivation and organizational effectiveness, reflected in numerous studies. This paper aims to analyze the drivers of employee motivation to high levels of organizational performance. The literature shows that factors such as empowerment and recognition increase employee motivation. If the empowerment and recognition of employees is increased, their motivation to work will also improve, as well as their accomplishments and the organizational performance. Nevertheless, employee dissatisfactions caused by monotonous jobs and pressure from clients, might weaken the organizational performance. Therefore, jobs absenteeism rates may increase and employees might leave the organization to joint competitors that offer better work conditions and higher incentives. Not all individuals are the same, so each one should be motivated using different strategies. For example, one employee may be motivated by higher commission, while another might be motivated by job satisfaction or a better work environment. Abstract This paper attempts to identify the impact of motivation on employee performance in order to address problems arising from motivational approaches in organizational settings in Mogadishu, Somalia. The paper had three main objectives which are: 1) To identify the relationship between work environment and organizational performance at secondary schools in Mogadishu. 2) To examine the relationship between cooperation and organizational performance secondary schools in Mogadishu, Somalia. 3) To explore the relationship between facilitation and organizational performance secondary schools in Mogadishu-Somalia. The researchers utilized convenient sampling to collect 100 questionnaires from twelve secondary schools in Mogadishu, Somalia. Employees of these schools provided a questionnaire with four main construct which measuring work environment, cooperation, facilitation and organizational performance. However, using correlation coefficient, the study found that organizational performance (Dependent variable) had significant positive influence with two independent variables namely, work

Based on recent ethnographic work, we explore the ways in which transnational cosmopolitan music crosses, creates, and reinscribes borders as it is performed by Palestinian Arab wedding musicians in northern Israel. While Palestinian nationalism and the hard political borders between Israel and its neighbouring states frame immediate questions of identity and mobility, in describing their musical practices, musicians turn to a complex, interleaved series of geographies that highlight past and contemporary processes of musical flow. On one hand, they foreground the continuing relevance of the historic al-Sham region as an area of shared musical practice, identifying with the jabali ("mountain") musical style of the elevated region that marks the borderlands between today's Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. On the other hand, they embed this regional style within a series of micro-and macro-geographies, from detailed knowledge of the subtle differences in tempo and style between neighbouring Galilee villages to connections with the wider Arabic-speaking world via old and new media. While recent research on music in the Middle East has often foregrounded the role of music in constructing and reinforcing national identities, this research illustrates how transnational flows continue to shape the experience and imagination of musical borderlands in the region.

Denkmalpflege ist das gesellschaftliche Bemühen um den Erhalt von als wertvoll erkannten baulichen Zeugnissen der Vergangenheit. Institutionell ist sie in der Bundesrepublik aufgrund der Kulturhoheit bei den Ländern angesiedelt. Als Denkmalschutz bezeichnet man den hoheitlichen Vollzug der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen zum Erhalt von Kulturdenkmalen, als städtebauliche Denkmalpflege die Vertretung denkmalpflegerischer Belange in Planungsprozessen aller Ebenen

Activating the core muscles through exercise training programs is believed to be important for athletic performance. Considerable attention has been credited to the lumbar multifidus, transverse abdominis, and quadratus lumborum in designing exercise training programs. Numerous core exercise claims and recommendations abound in the fitness and physical therapy communities touting a superior core challenge for these muscles. The plethora of core activation literature with conflicting outcomes has convoluted the process of choosing exercises for an optimal core training approach. Although an abundance of research studies have quantified the muscle activity, collectively, a consensus on the type of exercise that elicits the largest muscle activity does not exist. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to critically examine the literature and synthesize the muscle activity produced across various physical fitness exercises to determine which type of exercise elicits the larg...

The wide-ranging varieties of capitalism literature rests on a particular conception of banks and banking that, the authors argue, no longer reflects the reality of modern financial systems. They take advantage of the greater information regarding bank activities revealed by the financial crisis to consider the reality, across eight of the world's largest developed economies, of the financial power of banks to act as bulwarks against market forces. This article offers a market-based banking framework that transcends the bank-based/capital market–based dichotomy that dominates comparative political economy's consideration of financial systems and argues that future CPE research should focus on the activities of banks. By demonstrating how market-based banking increases market influences on the supply of credit, the authors highlight an underap-preciated source of financial market pressure on nonfinancial companies (NFCs) that can have a potential impact across the range of is...