Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com
International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing
A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology
ISSN 2320–088X
IMPACT FACTOR: 6.199
IJCSMC, Vol. 8, Issue. 6, June 2019, pg.51 – 56
AN OVERVIEW OF VISIBLE LIGHT
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Sayf ALBAYATI
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey
Swmajeed.bayati@istanbulticaret.edu.tr
Abstract— Visible light communication technology similar to wireless routers will enter our lives and
complement the existing RF technology applications. This paper expounds the background of the
development of visible light communication technology which uses light emitting diodes as a transmitting
module and the development status at home and abroad analysis its system advantages, limitations, key
technologies, characteristics and existing problems, looks forward to future research trends, and introduces
visible light communication for high speed data transmission, intelligent transportation for vehicle to vehicle
communication and visible light communication for underwater communication. Such traditional network
communication cannot cover the innovative applications and prospects of the field. Also introduces visible
light communication directions, future and challenging issues.
Keywords— Visible light communication, Light emitting diode, vehicle to vehicle communication,
underwater communication, optical wireless communication
1. INTRODUCTION
After the introduction of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) the luminous efficiency has gradually increased
and its application fields have gradually expanded from display to illumination. Compared with traditional
lighting equipment white LED has the advantages of low driving voltage low power consumption and long
service life. It is a green lighting device and is regarded as the fourth generation energy saving and
environmentally friendly lighting equipment [1]. The proportion of LEDs in the global lighting market is
increasing year by year. According to professional predictions with the continuous development and
improvement of white LED lighting technology by 2021 LED will occupy the above market share of
commercial lighting bulbs [1]. Because white LEDs have high response sensitivity they can be used for highspeed data communication. Visible light communication (VLC) is a white LED technology developed new
wireless optical communication technology. A schematic diagram of an indoor visible light communication
system is shown in Figure 1. In the visible light communication system the white LED has the dual functions of
communication and illumination. Since the modulation rate of the LED is very high the human eye does not feel
the flicker at all [2]. The visible light communication system can replace the wireless local area network base
station with indoor white LED lighting equipment and the communication speed can reach tens of megabits to
hundreds of megabits per second. As long as the indoor light is illuminated long term high speed data
transmission can be realized visible light communication system has the characteristics of high security and the
indoor information is not leaked to the outside since the radio wave communication is not used the system can
be freely used in an environment sensitive to electromagnetic signals. In addition compared with traditional
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
51
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
radio frequency communication and infrared wireless optical communication technology visible light
communication also has the advantages of human body safety and rich frequency resources. Visible light
communication contains huge communication capacity and activates a new spectrum resource which is the
biggest value of this technology. According to the calculation the amount of network data will exceed the
existing radio frequency resource withstand capability and the visible light band is between 400THz and
800THz. It is nearly 10,000 times of the radio spectrum which contains huge communication capacity and does
not require authorization at present there are about 44 billion lamps and lanterns in the world and the integration
of tens of billions of LED lighting devices with other devices will build a huge visible light communication
network. It is conceivable that in the future if large scale visible light communication is realized each light can
be used as a high speed network hotspot. People can download movies under the street light and high speed
Internet access can be achieved by using LED light sources on airplanes and high speed rails [12].
Fig. 1 A schematic diagram of an indoor visible light communication
In addition, the visible light communication frequency band avoids the common radio frequency band and there
is no electromagnetic interference problem with the existing electronic equipment and the compatibility with the
existing electronic equipment is good and it is sensitive and strict to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation
in aviation medical and mine. In the limited area the non-electromagnetic radiation characteristics of visible
light communication can make it stand out.
2. VLC FOR HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSMISSION
Accessing to information such as high definition (HD) video streaming, high speed streaming and high speed
data backup has become an integral part of modern life. Beam of light can be used to transmit visible light with
a small divergence angle and its low transmission path loss makes it possible to download and transmit secure
data streams at high speeds the European OMEGA project developed a VLC data transmission with 4 HD data
streams of 100 Mb/s. Data transmission is performed on a photodiode detector in a range of 10 m2 by 16 LED
light sources using (OFDM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology [13]. A demonstration
system for (5 x 5 x 3) m indoor video and audio high quality broadcast transmission by adding a focus lens
between the VLC receiver and the transmitter the Nd LOS link has a network compared to the (LOS) line of
sight link The node has good mobility and strong tracking, but its link loss leads to low transmission rate. In
order to conduct research on this problem, a typical indoor two-way optical wireless communication (OWC)
system with a transmission rate of 2M, 400 Mb/s and a bit error rate RBE<10-8 is realized (IR is an uplink
transmission source visible light LED as a downlink data transmission source. RGB LEDs use (WDM)
wavelength division multiplexing to achieve higher data transfer rates. The document records the first VLC
system based on (WDM/DMT) wavelength division multiplexing/discrete multi-tone modulation technology,
which modulates a single white RGB LED and reach 803 Mb/s data communication [18][2].
3. VLC FOR VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION
Led lights has been adopted by the car manufacturers during the last decade now with this development the car
manufacturers looking for a way to exchange data related to driving condition and other necessary information
between the vehicles. Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication it is an application aims for safer driving
experience and using the roads more efficiently (Figure 2) shows an approach of using light emitting diodes
(LEDs) of cars for V2V communication.
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
52
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
Fig 2 Visible light V2V communication
Intelligent Transportation Systems or (ITS) reduce traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and consumption of fule
by timely acquiring and transmitting information about traffic conditions. Image processing can be used to help
drivers identify traffic lights, obstacle detection, vehicle and vehicle, and information capture between vehicles
and road facilities. It is a key technology for ITS. High-speed data image sensors combined with VLC have
broad application prospects on ITS. The document records the connection between the roadside device and the
vehicle using LED light and a camera with a frame rate of 1000 frames/s and a resolution of 1024 pixels x 1024
pixels mounted on the car. The real vehicle test verified that system can accurately receive data transmitted from
256 LEDs arrays in a 35m range at a speed of 30km/h [22]. At present there are some technical problems to be
solved in the application of high speed image sensors in VLC if the installation facilities are expensive, complex
real-time image processing technology is required, and the camera frame rate is lower than the reaction speed of
the LEDs, thereby limiting the communication speed. The literature reports on the application of the newly
developed Optical Communication Image Sensor in Wireless Optical Communication (OWC) systems. The
newly developed optical communication image sensor with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
image sensing technology has two features: communication pixels for high-speed signal reception (CPx) and 1bit flag image output for fast and accurate LED detection. The OWC system is known as the world's first pixel
transmission communication system with a 16.6ms delay and 20Mb/s transmission rate [3][16][17]. A recent
study from Korea in this field resulted in developing a visible light V2V communication system using LED
lights with 10kbps and 30m distance on daylight. (Figure 3) Inverse pulse position modulation 4-PPM [4] has
been used in the system because this type of modulation scheme provides high data rate and gives high percent
of dimming for pulse width modulation PWM [5].
Fig. 3 inverse pulse position modulation 4-PPM
4. VLC FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION
Underwater communications become an interesting point for some researchers and scientific community
because of its wide applications. The incapability of radio frequency waves for underwater communication due
to the attenuation [6]. Underwater communication using VLC technique has its advantages and disadvantages
[7]. Underwater Communication plays important role in military, industrial and scientific fields. Underwater
communication rate requirements starts from a few megabits to tens of megabits or even higher. Seawater in
radio waves is highly attenuated sound waves transmit at a speed of 1500 m/s in the ocean with long delay times
[7]. limited bandwidth and high bit error rates. Sound waves can also interfere with marine animals such as
dolphins and whales. VLC can overcome the problems of attenuation and electromagnetic interference under
water. The transmitter in this system consists of 70 LED light sources, supporting data transmission in the 120°
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
53
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
viewing angle range, and the transmission rate is up to 20Mb/s. The literature records the specific application of
underwater VLC systems in nuclear power plant machine testing. The underwater remote transport vehicle is
equipped with a video and control signal transmission between the camera and a 20m remote station. At present,
the main challenge of underwater visible light communication systems is that it is difficult to achieve longdistance communication due to underwater nature especially turbidity. In response to this problem, the National
University of Singapore and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology carried out research and demonstration
of a 1.2 Mb/s underwater optical communication system within a distance of 30 m.Visible light waves has better
directional characteristics than radio frequency waves and high data rates can be achieved in underwater VLC
systems for medium and short distances [8]. (Figure 4) and (Figure 5) shows the block diagram of underwater
VLC transmitter and receiver.
Fig. 4 the block diagram of underwater communication transmitter
Fig. 5 the block diagram of underwater communication receiver
5. VLC DIRECTIONS AND FUTURE
VLC systems that take advantage of light emitting diodes advances have been considered as one of the
promising technologies LED lighting market grew steadily in response to global policies such as green growth
and electricity saving, while the price is being lowered by 50%, the technology is more than doubled Visible
light communication technology is a high value-added and specialized domestic and expect to be a source of
technology to enter the world market Visible light communication is a technology that is fused with LED
lighting and can create a mutual growth industry new convergence service can be created using visible light
characteristics [23]. Visible light communication has very high LOS, so it can communicate only in specific
area and can be used for physical information protection communication it can be used in places where there is
no interference Have the advantage of not having permission now, in the era of IOT, communication LEDs have
evolved into 'smart lighting'. It can control the lightness and color of light according to the people presence and
the atmosphere of the interior, and it is also effective in reducing the efficiency of the energy in large building
and cities. Along with smart lighting, the development of light emitting communication technology is
proceeding rapidly. Particular LED-ID is a technology capable of transmitting and receiving unique information
with LED-based screens and smart cameras. The VLC system using LED lighting as a transmitter was led by
Samsung Electronics completing the IEEE 802.15.7 standard in November 2011[19]. Although research and
develop and standardization proceeded, commercialization of visible light communication systems based on
smart devices such as smart phones was difficult due to the necessity of additional hardware changes and the use
of visible light communication dongles Photo diodes. IEEE 802.15 IG-LED operated in May 2012 In order to
solve this problem OCC (Optical Camera Communications) [9][10]. Recent study It focuses mainly on systems
that receive signals and patterns from LED screens, LED displays, LED digital signage or LED lighting using
smart device cameras (image sensors) rather than IEEE 802.15.7, which deals with photo detectors (PDs). With
the final approval of IEEE 802 EC, the OWC Task Group TG was officially in operation since the IEEE 802.15
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
54
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
Extension Meeting held in January 2015. The optical wireless communication TG will focus primarily on OCC
technology and will further standardize high-speed OWC technology based on LED-ID and Li-Fi.
6. VLC STANDARDIZATION
According to the national stander platform information, the Technology Stander the technical Committee
proposed and managed the State Administration of Market Supervision and the Standardization Administration
issued the "Information Technology System Remote Communication and Information Exchange Visible Light
Communication Media Access Control The overall requirements of the physical layer and the standard number:
GB/T 36628.1-2018 were officially implemented [10]. it shows that GB/T 36628 Information Technology
System Remote Communication and Information Exchange Visible Light Communication standard is divided
into four parts the first part is the media access control and physical layer requirements the second part based on
visible light communication indoor positioning technology Specification the third Part High-speed visible light
communication media access control and physical layer specifications the fourth Part Low-speed narrow band
visible light communication media access control and physical layer specifications. Also issued this time is the
first part, which is composed of the Electronics Technology Standardization Research Institute high Silicon
Semiconductor Liberation Army Information Engineering University and Tsinghua University were drafted
also specifies the requirements for high-speed visible light communication, low speed visible light
communication, and indoor positioning physical layer requirements based on visible light communication and
the overall requirements of the media access control layer also applies to the development and use of visible
light communication systems and equipment
7. VLC CHALLENGING ISSUES
Visible light communication systems have some challenging issues despite of the large number if its benefits
some of the issues and challenges are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Range limitation: due to the requirements of the LoS, the technology is adequate for short
communication distances.
Higher data rate: because of the LEDs limited bandwidth this creates another big challenge issue to
obtain higher data rates.
Environment intense noise: artificial and natural lights is another challenge for VLC it is a main issue
for outdoor VLC applications minimizing or overcoming the effect of artificial and natural lights is a
challenging issue.
Uplink supply: making the lighting sources is naturally suitable for transmission and broadcasting
applications will be problematic.
Modulation difficulty: the simplest and most useful technique for modulation based on the direct
intensity detection modulation is insufficient to solve many problems and challenges a difficult
modulation method would be necessary to support desirable and effective data communication.
Parallel communication ((MIMO) multiple input multiple outputs): an Interesting setup idea of visible
light communication. Although, in theory, it may be achievable, the challenging part is the
implementation part.
The receiver complexity: some proposed studies proposed that using equalizer will the receiver
complexity.
Regulatory issues: regulations of visible light communication such as automotive standards eye safety
standards.
8. CONCLUSION
Visible light communication can realize the functions of illumination and communication at the same time. It
has the advantages of high transmission data rate strong confidentiality no electromagnetic interference no
spectrum authentication etc. It is one of the ideal indoor high-speed wireless access solutions. Visible light
communication has become a research hotspot in the world In particular Europe and the United States have
invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the research of visible light communication and have made
certain progress. In the research of visible light communication LED light source with high modulation
bandwidth large current drive and nonlinear effect compensation technology of LED layout optimization of light
source optical MIMO and technology high-sensitivity wide-angle receiving technology and technology for
eliminating inter-symbol interference. The convergence of visible light communication with existing networks
has become a research trend. Visible light communication will occupy an important position in the future
communication field and will greatly promote the development of the information society.
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
55
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
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Haigh, P. Bausi, F. Hoa, L. Papakonstantinou, I. Popoola, W. Burton, A. Cacialli, F, WavelengthMultiplexed Polymer LEDs Towards 55 Mb/s Organic Visible Light Communications, in Selected Areas
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Wang, N. Liu, C. Lu, Y. Shen, J, A Visible Light Communication (VLC) based Intelligent Transportation
System for lorry fleet, In Proceedings of the IEEE 2017 16th International Conference on Optical
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Yamazato, T. Takai, I. Okada, H. Fujii, T. Yendo, T. Arai, S. Andoh, M. Harada, T. Yasutomi, K. Kagawa,
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© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
56
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com
International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing
A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology
ISSN 2320–088X
IMPACT FACTOR: 6.199
IJCSMC, Vol. 8, Issue. 6, June 2019, pg.51 – 56
AN OVERVIEW OF VISIBLE LIGHT
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Sayf ALBAYATI
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Commerce University, Turkey
Swmajeed.bayati@istanbulticaret.edu.tr
Abstract— Visible light communication technology similar to wireless routers will enter our lives and
complement the existing RF technology applications. This paper expounds the background of the
development of visible light communication technology which uses light emitting diodes as a transmitting
module and the development status at home and abroad analysis its system advantages, limitations, key
technologies, characteristics and existing problems, looks forward to future research trends, and introduces
visible light communication for high speed data transmission, intelligent transportation for vehicle to vehicle
communication and visible light communication for underwater communication. Such traditional network
communication cannot cover the innovative applications and prospects of the field. Also introduces visible
light communication directions, future and challenging issues.
Keywords— Visible light communication, Light emitting diode, vehicle to vehicle communication,
underwater communication, optical wireless communication
1. INTRODUCTION
After the introduction of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) the luminous efficiency has gradually increased
and its application fields have gradually expanded from display to illumination. Compared with traditional
lighting equipment white LED has the advantages of low driving voltage low power consumption and long
service life. It is a green lighting device and is regarded as the fourth generation energy saving and
environmentally friendly lighting equipment [1]. The proportion of LEDs in the global lighting market is
increasing year by year. According to professional predictions with the continuous development and
improvement of white LED lighting technology by 2021 LED will occupy the above market share of
commercial lighting bulbs [1]. Because white LEDs have high response sensitivity they can be used for highspeed data communication. Visible light communication (VLC) is a white LED technology developed new
wireless optical communication technology. A schematic diagram of an indoor visible light communication
system is shown in Figure 1. In the visible light communication system the white LED has the dual functions of
communication and illumination. Since the modulation rate of the LED is very high the human eye does not feel
the flicker at all [2]. The visible light communication system can replace the wireless local area network base
station with indoor white LED lighting equipment and the communication speed can reach tens of megabits to
hundreds of megabits per second. As long as the indoor light is illuminated long term high speed data
transmission can be realized visible light communication system has the characteristics of high security and the
indoor information is not leaked to the outside since the radio wave communication is not used the system can
be freely used in an environment sensitive to electromagnetic signals. In addition compared with traditional
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
51
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
radio frequency communication and infrared wireless optical communication technology visible light
communication also has the advantages of human body safety and rich frequency resources. Visible light
communication contains huge communication capacity and activates a new spectrum resource which is the
biggest value of this technology. According to the calculation the amount of network data will exceed the
existing radio frequency resource withstand capability and the visible light band is between 400THz and
800THz. It is nearly 10,000 times of the radio spectrum which contains huge communication capacity and does
not require authorization at present there are about 44 billion lamps and lanterns in the world and the integration
of tens of billions of LED lighting devices with other devices will build a huge visible light communication
network. It is conceivable that in the future if large scale visible light communication is realized each light can
be used as a high speed network hotspot. People can download movies under the street light and high speed
Internet access can be achieved by using LED light sources on airplanes and high speed rails [12].
Fig. 1 A schematic diagram of an indoor visible light communication
In addition, the visible light communication frequency band avoids the common radio frequency band and there
is no electromagnetic interference problem with the existing electronic equipment and the compatibility with the
existing electronic equipment is good and it is sensitive and strict to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation
in aviation medical and mine. In the limited area the non-electromagnetic radiation characteristics of visible
light communication can make it stand out.
2. VLC FOR HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSMISSION
Accessing to information such as high definition (HD) video streaming, high speed streaming and high speed
data backup has become an integral part of modern life. Beam of light can be used to transmit visible light with
a small divergence angle and its low transmission path loss makes it possible to download and transmit secure
data streams at high speeds the European OMEGA project developed a VLC data transmission with 4 HD data
streams of 100 Mb/s. Data transmission is performed on a photodiode detector in a range of 10 m2 by 16 LED
light sources using (OFDM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology [13]. A demonstration
system for (5 x 5 x 3) m indoor video and audio high quality broadcast transmission by adding a focus lens
between the VLC receiver and the transmitter the Nd LOS link has a network compared to the (LOS) line of
sight link The node has good mobility and strong tracking, but its link loss leads to low transmission rate. In
order to conduct research on this problem, a typical indoor two-way optical wireless communication (OWC)
system with a transmission rate of 2M, 400 Mb/s and a bit error rate RBE<10-8 is realized (IR is an uplink
transmission source visible light LED as a downlink data transmission source. RGB LEDs use (WDM)
wavelength division multiplexing to achieve higher data transfer rates. The document records the first VLC
system based on (WDM/DMT) wavelength division multiplexing/discrete multi-tone modulation technology,
which modulates a single white RGB LED and reach 803 Mb/s data communication [18][2].
3. VLC FOR VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION
Led lights has been adopted by the car manufacturers during the last decade now with this development the car
manufacturers looking for a way to exchange data related to driving condition and other necessary information
between the vehicles. Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication it is an application aims for safer driving
experience and using the roads more efficiently (Figure 2) shows an approach of using light emitting diodes
(LEDs) of cars for V2V communication.
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
52
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
Fig 2 Visible light V2V communication
Intelligent Transportation Systems or (ITS) reduce traffic accidents, traffic congestion, and consumption of fule
by timely acquiring and transmitting information about traffic conditions. Image processing can be used to help
drivers identify traffic lights, obstacle detection, vehicle and vehicle, and information capture between vehicles
and road facilities. It is a key technology for ITS. High-speed data image sensors combined with VLC have
broad application prospects on ITS. The document records the connection between the roadside device and the
vehicle using LED light and a camera with a frame rate of 1000 frames/s and a resolution of 1024 pixels x 1024
pixels mounted on the car. The real vehicle test verified that system can accurately receive data transmitted from
256 LEDs arrays in a 35m range at a speed of 30km/h [22]. At present there are some technical problems to be
solved in the application of high speed image sensors in VLC if the installation facilities are expensive, complex
real-time image processing technology is required, and the camera frame rate is lower than the reaction speed of
the LEDs, thereby limiting the communication speed. The literature reports on the application of the newly
developed Optical Communication Image Sensor in Wireless Optical Communication (OWC) systems. The
newly developed optical communication image sensor with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
image sensing technology has two features: communication pixels for high-speed signal reception (CPx) and 1bit flag image output for fast and accurate LED detection. The OWC system is known as the world's first pixel
transmission communication system with a 16.6ms delay and 20Mb/s transmission rate [3][16][17]. A recent
study from Korea in this field resulted in developing a visible light V2V communication system using LED
lights with 10kbps and 30m distance on daylight. (Figure 3) Inverse pulse position modulation 4-PPM [4] has
been used in the system because this type of modulation scheme provides high data rate and gives high percent
of dimming for pulse width modulation PWM [5].
Fig. 3 inverse pulse position modulation 4-PPM
4. VLC FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION
Underwater communications become an interesting point for some researchers and scientific community
because of its wide applications. The incapability of radio frequency waves for underwater communication due
to the attenuation [6]. Underwater communication using VLC technique has its advantages and disadvantages
[7]. Underwater Communication plays important role in military, industrial and scientific fields. Underwater
communication rate requirements starts from a few megabits to tens of megabits or even higher. Seawater in
radio waves is highly attenuated sound waves transmit at a speed of 1500 m/s in the ocean with long delay times
[7]. limited bandwidth and high bit error rates. Sound waves can also interfere with marine animals such as
dolphins and whales. VLC can overcome the problems of attenuation and electromagnetic interference under
water. The transmitter in this system consists of 70 LED light sources, supporting data transmission in the 120°
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved
53
Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
viewing angle range, and the transmission rate is up to 20Mb/s. The literature records the specific application of
underwater VLC systems in nuclear power plant machine testing. The underwater remote transport vehicle is
equipped with a video and control signal transmission between the camera and a 20m remote station. At present,
the main challenge of underwater visible light communication systems is that it is difficult to achieve longdistance communication due to underwater nature especially turbidity. In response to this problem, the National
University of Singapore and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology carried out research and demonstration
of a 1.2 Mb/s underwater optical communication system within a distance of 30 m.Visible light waves has better
directional characteristics than radio frequency waves and high data rates can be achieved in underwater VLC
systems for medium and short distances [8]. (Figure 4) and (Figure 5) shows the block diagram of underwater
VLC transmitter and receiver.
Fig. 4 the block diagram of underwater communication transmitter
Fig. 5 the block diagram of underwater communication receiver
5. VLC DIRECTIONS AND FUTURE
VLC systems that take advantage of light emitting diodes advances have been considered as one of the
promising technologies LED lighting market grew steadily in response to global policies such as green growth
and electricity saving, while the price is being lowered by 50%, the technology is more than doubled Visible
light communication technology is a high value-added and specialized domestic and expect to be a source of
technology to enter the world market Visible light communication is a technology that is fused with LED
lighting and can create a mutual growth industry new convergence service can be created using visible light
characteristics [23]. Visible light communication has very high LOS, so it can communicate only in specific
area and can be used for physical information protection communication it can be used in places where there is
no interference Have the advantage of not having permission now, in the era of IOT, communication LEDs have
evolved into 'smart lighting'. It can control the lightness and color of light according to the people presence and
the atmosphere of the interior, and it is also effective in reducing the efficiency of the energy in large building
and cities. Along with smart lighting, the development of light emitting communication technology is
proceeding rapidly. Particular LED-ID is a technology capable of transmitting and receiving unique information
with LED-based screens and smart cameras. The VLC system using LED lighting as a transmitter was led by
Samsung Electronics completing the IEEE 802.15.7 standard in November 2011[19]. Although research and
develop and standardization proceeded, commercialization of visible light communication systems based on
smart devices such as smart phones was difficult due to the necessity of additional hardware changes and the use
of visible light communication dongles Photo diodes. IEEE 802.15 IG-LED operated in May 2012 In order to
solve this problem OCC (Optical Camera Communications) [9][10]. Recent study It focuses mainly on systems
that receive signals and patterns from LED screens, LED displays, LED digital signage or LED lighting using
smart device cameras (image sensors) rather than IEEE 802.15.7, which deals with photo detectors (PDs). With
the final approval of IEEE 802 EC, the OWC Task Group TG was officially in operation since the IEEE 802.15
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Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
Extension Meeting held in January 2015. The optical wireless communication TG will focus primarily on OCC
technology and will further standardize high-speed OWC technology based on LED-ID and Li-Fi.
6. VLC STANDARDIZATION
According to the national stander platform information, the Technology Stander the technical Committee
proposed and managed the State Administration of Market Supervision and the Standardization Administration
issued the "Information Technology System Remote Communication and Information Exchange Visible Light
Communication Media Access Control The overall requirements of the physical layer and the standard number:
GB/T 36628.1-2018 were officially implemented [10]. it shows that GB/T 36628 Information Technology
System Remote Communication and Information Exchange Visible Light Communication standard is divided
into four parts the first part is the media access control and physical layer requirements the second part based on
visible light communication indoor positioning technology Specification the third Part High-speed visible light
communication media access control and physical layer specifications the fourth Part Low-speed narrow band
visible light communication media access control and physical layer specifications. Also issued this time is the
first part, which is composed of the Electronics Technology Standardization Research Institute high Silicon
Semiconductor Liberation Army Information Engineering University and Tsinghua University were drafted
also specifies the requirements for high-speed visible light communication, low speed visible light
communication, and indoor positioning physical layer requirements based on visible light communication and
the overall requirements of the media access control layer also applies to the development and use of visible
light communication systems and equipment
7. VLC CHALLENGING ISSUES
Visible light communication systems have some challenging issues despite of the large number if its benefits
some of the issues and challenges are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Range limitation: due to the requirements of the LoS, the technology is adequate for short
communication distances.
Higher data rate: because of the LEDs limited bandwidth this creates another big challenge issue to
obtain higher data rates.
Environment intense noise: artificial and natural lights is another challenge for VLC it is a main issue
for outdoor VLC applications minimizing or overcoming the effect of artificial and natural lights is a
challenging issue.
Uplink supply: making the lighting sources is naturally suitable for transmission and broadcasting
applications will be problematic.
Modulation difficulty: the simplest and most useful technique for modulation based on the direct
intensity detection modulation is insufficient to solve many problems and challenges a difficult
modulation method would be necessary to support desirable and effective data communication.
Parallel communication ((MIMO) multiple input multiple outputs): an Interesting setup idea of visible
light communication. Although, in theory, it may be achievable, the challenging part is the
implementation part.
The receiver complexity: some proposed studies proposed that using equalizer will the receiver
complexity.
Regulatory issues: regulations of visible light communication such as automotive standards eye safety
standards.
8. CONCLUSION
Visible light communication can realize the functions of illumination and communication at the same time. It
has the advantages of high transmission data rate strong confidentiality no electromagnetic interference no
spectrum authentication etc. It is one of the ideal indoor high-speed wireless access solutions. Visible light
communication has become a research hotspot in the world In particular Europe and the United States have
invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the research of visible light communication and have made
certain progress. In the research of visible light communication LED light source with high modulation
bandwidth large current drive and nonlinear effect compensation technology of LED layout optimization of light
source optical MIMO and technology high-sensitivity wide-angle receiving technology and technology for
eliminating inter-symbol interference. The convergence of visible light communication with existing networks
has become a research trend. Visible light communication will occupy an important position in the future
communication field and will greatly promote the development of the information society.
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Sayf ALBAYATI, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.6, June- 2019, pg. 51-56
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