Wooden artefacts

Wolin – the Old Town Vol. II Studies on Finds Edited by Marian Rębkowski This research and publication were financed within the framework of a program of the Minister of Science and Higher Education under the name “National Program for the Development of Humanities” in 2013-2019, grant No. 0212/NPRH2/H11/81/2013 Grant implemented in the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Science, Centre for Medieval Archaeology of the Baltic Region in Szczecin Reviewers: Prof. Dr hab. Wojciech Chudziak and Dr hab. Marcin Wołoszyn, prof. of Rzeszów University This volume has been reviewed by the Editorial Board of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Science. Members of the Board: Prof. Andrzej Janeczek, Prof. A. Czekaj-Zastawny; Prof. Mirosława Drozd-Piasecka; Prof. Dariusz Główka; Prof. Andrzej Klonder; Prof. Jolanta Kowalska; Dr Małgorzata Mogielnicka-Urban; Prof. Zofia Sulgostowska; Dr. Kalina Skóra; Dr. Maciej Trzeciecki; Prof. Piotr Włodarczak Editor: Marian Rębkowski Technical edition and Index: Magdalena Bis Translation into English: Karolina Płoska Linguistic proof-reading: Paul Barford Cover design and layout: Wojciech Filipowiak ©All chapters are copyright to their Authors and the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Science Typesetting: MD-PRINT Dariusz Skalski, Szczecin Prinited by: Partner Poligrafia sp. z o.o., ul. Zwycięstwa 10, Białystok ISBN: 978-83-953153-3-6 Szczecin 2019 Contents 1. Pottery Vessels .............................................................................................................. Marek Dworaczyk 5 2. Metal Finds ................................................................................................................... Andrzej Janowski 47 3. Wooden Artefacts ......................................................................................................... Wojciech Filipowiak 89 4. Antler, Bone, and Horn Artefacts ................................................................................. Beata Wywrot-Wyszkowska 137 5. Glass Artefacts ............................................................................................................. Karolina Kokora 191 6. Stone Artefacts ............................................................................................................. Wojciech Filipowiak, Marcin Szydłowski 221 7. Artefacts Made of Leather ........................................................................................... Anna B. Kowalska 245 8. Clay Artefacts ............................................................................................................... Andrzej Janowski 291 9. Artefacts Made of Amber ............................................................................................. Krzysztof Ciombor, Paulina Romanowicz 323 10. Evidence of Metal Working ......................................................................................... Paweł Stachowiak 349 11. Animal Bone Remains and the Zoological Analysis of Artefacts Made of Bone ........ Daniel Makowiecki, Marzena Makowiecka 359 Tables ................................................................................................................................ 387 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 523 List of Figures .................................................................................................................... 557 List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... 563 Index .................................................................................................................................. 567 Authors .............................................................................................................................. 577 3. Wooden Artefacts Wojciech Filipowiak 3.1. Introduction Wooden finds from excavations in Wolin were included in almost every publication concerning the history of that settlement complex in the early Middle Ages. There were also studies on individual categories of finds (enumerated in respective sections of this chapter), while the list of publications dedicated solely to those artefacts is a short one. The material from Trench 4 on site 1 (Old Town) was published by Jerzy Wojtasik (1963). In terms of production materials, the finds from Trenches 5–8 on site 1 and Trenches 2 and 5 on site 4 were published by Tomasz Stępnik (2014), who is also the author of all species identifications presented in this chapter. Artefacts from site 4 – Ogrody were also discussed in volume VII published in the OriginesPolonorum series (Filipowiak Wł., Stanisławski 2013, 169–172; Filipowiak Wł., Stanisławski, Jusza 2013, 54–61), but without detailed comments. This study was created on the basis of an analysis of 5065 wooden finds from Trenches 6 and 8 on site 1 – Old Town. In Trench 6/1660, the archaeologists discovered 1174 artefacts, in Trench 6/1709 – 1252, and in Trench 8 – 2638. Since those artefacts represent a very broad range of objects and are associated with almost every aspect of the daily life of the early medieval inhabitants of Wolin, there are many types of classification systems and analyses, i.e. according to their form, function or cultural area (e.g. type of craft).1 In this chapter, I have decided to adopt a “mixed” approach. 1 As a result of a desktop study carried out in other publications, it was established that there is not a single commonly adopted standard classification and presentation of wooden artefacts, and researchers often use a “mixed” approach. This probably is caused by the fact that many artefacts are multi-purpose objects, and do not have just one function (for instance, an axe), while others have very limited uses (e.g. a wreath deposited under a house sill plate).