DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC DRAIN CLEANER A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by ANBAZHAGAN. T [Reg No: RA1511002010745] BALAJI. M [Reg No: RA1511002010380] MOTHISHWAR. M [Reg No: RA1511002010832] Under the guidance of Mr.S. SUNDAR, M.E (Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering) in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY S.R.M. Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District MAY 2019 SRM UNIVERSITY (Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956) BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report titled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC DRAIN CLEANER” is the bonafide work of “ ANBAZHAGAN. T [Reg No: RA1511002010745], BALAJI. M [Reg No: RA1511002010380], MOTHISHWAR. M [Reg No: RA1511002010832], , ”, who carried out the project work under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate. SIGNATURE SIGNATURE Mr.S. SUNDAR, M.E GUIDE Assistant Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dr. D. KINGSLY HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Signature of the Internal Examiner Signature of the External Examiner ABSTRACT Water is the basic need for the existence of life on earth. More than 70% of water is being wasted only for our daily needs .A project based on cleaning the drainage water especially by removing the solid waste from the drainage. Now a day automation plays a vital role in industrial application. By having this project the instant block in the drainage system is being avoided. Here SEWAGE CLEANER works by the means of hand driven assembly. This project also reduces the human effort in cleaning the drainage system. It protects the labour from getting exposed to diseases and frequent cleaning may help us to lead a healthy life. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The success of any project requires involvement of many people and we are fortunate enough to get the support and guidance of the concerned people. We sincerely thank our Director, Dr. Muthamizhchelvan, Faculty of engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai. We express our thanks to our head of the department, Mechanical engineering, Dr. Leenus Jesu Martin who has been constant source of inspiration, encouragement, guidance and the facilities provided by the department which helped us in completion this project. We would like to extend my gratitude to Mr. S.Sundar, M.E, Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and technology. We also grateful to the Reviewers and the Project Evaluation committee for their guidance and suggestions throughout this project. We would like to thank our parents, without their support and encouragement this project would have been not been possible. ANBAZHAGAN T BALAJI M MOTHISHWAR M iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABBREVIATIONS x LIST OF SYMBOLS xi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Hazardous waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Scope of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.5 Objective of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.6 Working Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4 3 PROPOSED MODEL AND FABRICATION PROCESS 5 3.1 PROPOSED WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 MECHANICAL STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.1 STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.2 DUCTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3 AVAILABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4 FABRIC ABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.5 DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 v 4 5 3.6 CORROSION RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.7 COST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.10 STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.1 STIFFNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.2 DUCTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.3 MALLEABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.4 BRITTLENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.5 HARDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.6 RESILIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.10.7 CREEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.11 VARIOUS MACHINING PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.11.1 LATHE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.11.2 TURNING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.11.3 FACING OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.11.4 WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.11.5 DRILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.11.6 SAWING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.11.7 METAL WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 WORKING MECHANISM AND COMPONENTS REQUIRED 13 4.1 WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2.1 SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2.2 CHAIN DRIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.2.3 CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2.4 FRAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2.5 BEARINGS 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DESGIN LAYOUT 18 5.1 18 ISOMETRIC VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 5.1.1 6 7 CATIA MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 DESIGN CALCULATIONS 19 6.1 19 DESIGN OF SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES 21 7.1 ADVANTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.1.1 21 CHALLENGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 COST ESTIMATION 22 9 CONCLUSION 23 LIST OF TABLES 8.1 Table for cost estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii 22 LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 Horizontal Lathe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 Arc Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.1 Sprocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.3 Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.1 Working Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.1 Various loads acting on collecting bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ix ABBREVIATIONS x LIST OF SYMBOLS α, β Damping constants θ Angle of twist, rad ω Angular velocity, rad/s b Width of the beam, m h Height of the beam, m {f (t)} force vector [K e ] Element stiffness matrix [M e ] Element mass matrix {q(t)} Displacement vector {q̇(t)} Velocity vector {q̈(t)} Acceleration vector xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview Water is the basic need for human and all living beings. There is plenty of water on earth but it is not suitable for human use. Clean water is more important for various purposes. The impurities in the water can cause hazardous and disease. As long as the draining system is considered, the function of the drainage system is to collect ,transport and dispose of water through an outfall or outlet. The impurities gift within the evacuation water includes bottles, polythene bags, papers etc.Swatch Bharat Mission is peak at our age and everybody operating towards creating their encompassing and country clean. Our group sort out a way in getting rid of solid waste from the drainage thereby contributing our part in this mission. The drainage system constructed by people belonging to Harappan civilization is mainly based on scientific lines but it not in case of our civilization. House drains are emptied into the main drains which ran under the main streets and below many lanes. 1.2 Hazardous waste Semisolid or solid matters that are created by humans and animal activities which are disposed because of their hazardous nature is known as solid waste. Solid waste include paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans and electronic goods are not biodegradable, which means they cannot be carried out through organic or inorganic processes. They cause health threat to humans, plants, animals etc.They also the fertility content of the soil. The impurities present int the drainage can cause instant blocks.The cleaning of drainage system is carried out by manually. 1.3 Motivation In India, MSWM (Municipal Solid Waste Management) is governed by MSWR. However, majority of ULBs do not have appropriate action plans for execution and enactment of the MSWR (CPCB Report,2013). Horribly, no city in India can claim 100% segregation of waste at dwelling unit and on an average only 70% waste collections observed, while the remaining 30% is again mixed up and lost in the urban environment. From the total, only 12.45% waste is scientifically processed and rest is disposed in open dumps (CPCB Report,2013). Current and future land requirement for disposal of MSW along withgrowth in population . Environment friendliness, cost effectiveness, and acceptability to the local community are major attributes to achieve efficient solid waste management system. 1.4 Scope of the project As this project has been based on the baseline to make integration’s of the benefits for human health,societal concerns and national cleanliness policy.Therefore it covers many sections of proportionate benefits to all sphere of our present life. 1.5 Objective of the project 1.The main objective of this project is to reduce the human effort in cleaning the drainage system. 2.The frequent blocks in the drainage system can be avoided which also offers the efficient flow of drainage water. 3.The plastic waste can be removed and allow only the water to pass through. 2 4.It also reduces the man labor. 1.6 Working Principle The device is placed across the drain so that only water flows through the grinded plates.Solid waste like bottle floating in the drain are lifted by plate with extended projections (or tooth) which is connected to chain. This chain is attached to bearing shaft setup driven by a handle .When the handle is made to turn the whole chain assembly starts to rotate which results in upward motion of jaws made of sheet metal.Waste are lifted by the jaw and transported to the collector bin. The project Sewage cleaning system definitely serves the many dimensions the human needs and definitely presents a bright future aspects in the domain.With technological advancement the project can be provided with the automatic dustbin lifting system. It is a technological and economical instrument which can change the pathetic sewage conditions of town and cities of mediocre (average quality) India. 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY Ankita B.Padwal, et.al.[1] proposed the replacement of mechanical work for cleaning the drainage. Drainage mostly carries of solid wastes that forms as block over a period of time when it is not cleaned periodically. Due to this blockage, the flow of waste water is been affected and there is a chance of overflow in public places. A manual labor work has been made to clean the wastes by sticks which may lead to high infection.To overcome this, they made a mechanical semi automatic drain cleaner for the replacement of man work. Mhael Okpara (2014), et.al.[2] reviewed about drainage cleaning to replace manual work to automated system because manually cleaning system it is harmful for human life and cleaning time, is more so to overcome this problem they implemented a design automatic drainage water pump monitoring and control system using PLC and SC ADA. In this project the use efficient way to control the disposal of wastage regularly treatment of disposal in different way toxic and non toxic. Dr .K.Kumaresan, et.al. [3] explained manual work converted to automated system. Drainage pipe using for disposal and it may be loss for human life while cleaning the blockage in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem they implemented Automatic Sewage Cleaning System. They designed their project different way clearance of gaseous substance are treated separately so the flow of water efficiently. This project may be developed with the full utilization of men, machines, and materials and money. They made their project economical and efficient with the available resources. They used automation technology related with his application of mechanical, electronics, computer based systems to operate and control production. CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED MODEL AND FABRICATION PROCESS 3.1 PROPOSED WORK To come out with machine part the type of material should be properly selected considering the design and safety.The selection of material depends upon the following factors 1 Mechanical Strength 2 Stability 3 Ductility 4 Availability 5 Fabric ability 6 Design 7 Corrosion resistance 8 Cost 3.2 MECHANICAL STRENGTH Mechanical strength is primary criteria for selection of suitable materials for any Engineering application / product. Mechanical strength is the ability of materials to withstand with load or forces. Materials selected for any engineering application, should have appropriate mechanical strength to be capable to withstand with loads or forces developed in structure of engineering product during operation. 3.2.1 STABILITY Stability of engineering material is defined by the ability of engineering product manufactured by using that material to with stand with following operating conditions- 1. Temperature 4. Radiation 2. Fluctuations in temperature 5. Atmospheric Conditions 3. During of operation 3.2.2 DUCTILITY Ductility of engineering material is the property of material makes the material suitable for fabrication by rolling, drawing, extrusion and other mechanical processes. Basi- cally it is the ability of material that how much the materials can be stretched plastic ally without breakdown or failure. Ductility of materials is related to the strength of material. Considerable ductility can be obtained at a sacrifice of strength or vice versa. For example, by increase of temperature ductility of material increased and strength decreased. By cold rolling the mechanical strength is increased whereas the ductility is decreased. It is not necessary the material being used for all product should have high ductility. But it should have suitable ductility. 3.3 AVAILABILITY Material selected for engineering product should be easily available in desired form and at appropriate cost. So that the product can be produced economically to make its price competitive in market. Material may be available in any form such as casting, forging, rolled sheets etc. But the availability of material in suitable form is necessary to facilitate the manufacturing the product with desired quality. 3.4 FABRIC ABILITY Fabric ability of an Engineering material is the ability of material, which indicates that how easily it can be fabricated in desired form and shape in order to manufacture an engineering product. Fabric ability of material makes it suitable for mechanical processing to convert it in desired form and shape. 3.5 DESIGN The selection of material for any engineering product is also governed by the design of product. The design of engineering product decides the strength and ductility required for in materials being selected for that product. Hence, the engineering product should be designed with consideration of properties of engineering material. 6 3.6 CORROSION RESISTANCE When the Engineering product is used in an industrial atmospheric environment, there are chances that the base materials of product gets corroded. Corrosion of refined material is a natural process which converts the refined material in more stable oxides. This corrosion makes the material gradually weak with time. Hence, for the satisfactory operation, performance and life of engineering product, it becomes necessary that material being selected for that product should have sufficient corrosion resistance. 3.7 COST To make the engineering product commercially successful and profitable, its price should be reasonable and competitive in market. The price value of any engineering product is governed by many factor such as material cost, labour cost, processing cost etc. Hence, the keep the price of product low, it becomes necessary that the material cost, labour cost and processing cost should by as minimum as possible. Therefore, the cost of engineering material selected for engineering product must be low. In addition to the above factors properties to be considered while selecting the material are as follows. 3.8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES These properties include colour, shape, density, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, melting point. 3.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES These properties are associated with the material in order to resist the mechanical forces and loads. The various mechanical properties are 7 3.10 STRENGTH It is the ability of the material to withstand an applied load without fracture or plastic deformation. 3.10.1 STIFFNESS It is the extent up to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force. 3.10.2 DUCTILITY Ductility is the physical property of the material to be drawn or deformed without losing toughness. 3.10.3 MALLEABILITY It is the property of material which enables it to be rolled into sheets. 3.10.4 BRITTLENESS A material is said to be hard, but can be able to break easily. 3.10.5 HARDNESS Hardness is the property of the material to resist plastic deformation, usually by penetration or by indentation. 3.10.6 RESILIENCE It has the tendency to collect the energy while load is applied and is then released when it is unloaded. 8 3.10.7 CREEP It is the primary state of fracture of solid material to deform permanently under the influence of mechanical stresses. 3.11 VARIOUS MACHINING PROCESSES 1.Turning and Facing(Lathe operations) 2.Welding 3.Drilling 3.11.1 LATHE OPERATIONS There are various operations that can performed in a lathe machine. Also the number of operations that can performed from a lathe machine depends upon the type of lathe machine being used . Most common operations that can performed using a Lathe includes sanding, deformation, cutting, facing, knurling, drilling, turning and much more is done with the lathe machines. Special tools area unit utilized in order to perform these numerous operations. 3.11.2 TURNING OPERATION Turning may be a machining method within which a cutlery, usually a non-rotary tool bit, describes a helix tool path by moving a lot of or less linearly whereas the piece of work rotates. The turning processes are typically carried out on a lathe, considered to be the oldest machine tools, and can be of four different types such as straight turning,taper turning,profiling or external grooving. Those forms of turning processes will turn out numerous shapes of materials like straight, conical, curved, or grooved work piece. In general, turning uses simple single-point cutting tools. 9 lathe.jpg Figure 3.1: Horizontal Lathe 3.11.3 FACING OPERATION In machining, facing is that the act of cutting a face, that may be a tabular surface, onto the work. Facing planes perpendicular to the rotating axis of the work piece and facing in the course of milling work. 3.11.4 WELDING Welding could be a method of heating items of metal exploitation electricity or a flame so they soften and stay together. There are several types of attachment, as well as arc attachment, resistance attachment, and gas attachment. Welding is used for making permanent joints. It is employed in the manufacture of automobile bodies, craft frames, railway wagons, machine frames, structural works, tanks, furniture, boilers, general repair work and ship building.The type of attachment carried out in our project is arc welding. 10 ARC WELDING Arc attachment could be a method that’s accustomed be part of metal to metal by mistreatment electricity to form enough heat to soften metal, and also the melted metals once cool result in a binding of the metals. It is a kind of attachment that uses a attachment power provide to form an electrical arc between AN conductor and also the base material to soften the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and expendable or non-consumable electrodes. The attachment region is typically protected by some sort of shielding gas, vapor, or slag. Arc attachment processes could also be manual, semi-automatic, or absolutely machinecontrolled. Figure 3.2: Arc Welding 3.11.5 DRILLING Drilling could be a cutting method that uses a bit to chop a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The bit is sometimes a rotary cutting implement, typically multipoint. The bit is pressed against the work-piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the innovative against the work-piece, separating chips from the outlet because it is trained. 11 drill.jpg Figure 3.3: Drilling 3.11.6 SAWING Sawing may be a method whereby a slender slit is take away the piece of work by a tool consisting of a series of narrowly spaced teeth, referred to as a saw blade. Sawing is employed to separate work elements into 2 or additional items, or to chop off AN unwanted section of a district. 3.11.7 METAL WORKING Bending may be a producing method that produces a V-shape, U-shape, or channel form on a straight axis in ductile materials, most ordinarily flat solid. There are three basic types of bending that are frequently used in Sheet metal bending.These three are Air Bending, Bottoming and Joggling. 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKING MECHANISM AND COMPONENTS REQUIRED 4.1 WORKING • The mechanism is basically designed to filter out the solid waste from the running drains and hence it may result in avoiding blockages. • The shaft is rotated by the means of hand wheel which in turns drives the chain. • The chain mechanism is fitted with wire mesh filter that just picks up the solid waste while allowing the liquid to flow through it. • The system is provided with a certain angle so that it can hold the solid waste on it. collecting bin is kept behind in order to collect the solid waste and the box could be cleaned. 4.2 COMPONENTS REQUIRED There are various components that are required for fabrication of this manually operated drainage cleaner . These components include shaft, Bearing, Chain sprocket , Frame i.e the supporting structures which is nothing but the hollow square rod , Lock type screw nut , Bolt and nuts etcâòe These are discussed in detail as follow 4.2.1 SHAFT A shaft may be a rotating machine component, sometimes circular in cross section, that is employed to transmit power from one half to a different, or from a machine that produces power to a machine that absorbs power. They are mainly classified into two types. • Transmission shafts are used to transmit power between the source and the machine absorbing power; e.g. counter shafts and line shafts • Machine shafts are the integral part of the machine itself. MATERIAL • The material used for ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is needed, an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or chromium-vanadium steel is used. • Using 304 stainless steel is cost-effective in comparison to other materials. Its high quality and durability ensures that your product lasts a long time and the design of it is suitable for home and commercial use. • To make stainless steel rods the raw materialsâĂŤiron ore, chromium, silicon, nickel, etc.âĂŤare melted together in an electric furnace. This step sometimes involves eight to twelve hours of intense heat. Next, the mixture is forged into one among many shapes, including blooms, billets, and slabs. • Then it is cast into solid form. After varied forming steps, the steel is heat treated and then cleaned and polished to give it the desired finish. Next, it’s prepackaged and sent to makers, World Health Organization weld and be part of the steel to provide the specified shapes. SPECIFICATIONS • Shaft diameter:25mm • Material : Stainless steel • Length:600mm 4.2.2 CHAIN DRIVE Chain drive may be a means of sending mechanical power from one place to a different. It is usually wont to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is conjointly employed in a good sort of machines besides vehicles. When Compared to belt drive chain drive has more efficiency since it does slip much easily unlike belt drive. SPROCKET A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name ’sprocket’ applies 14 typically to any wheel upon that radial projections have interaction a sequence passing over it. Figure 4.1: Sprocket 4.2.3 CHAIN • A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and arched in compression however linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension. A chain might contains 2 or additional links. Chains can be classified by their design, which is dictated by their use • Those designed for lifting, such as when used with a hoist; for pulling; or for securing, such as with a bicycle block, have links that are torus shaped, which make the chain flexible in two dimensions.Small chains serving as jewellery are a mostly decorative analogue of such types. • Those designed for transferring power in machines have links designed to mesh with the teeth of the sprockets of the machine, and are flexible in only one dimension. They are referred to as roller chains, tho’ there are non-roller chains like block chain. 4.2.4 FRAME A structure is named a frame if a minimum of one in all its individual members may be a multi-force member. A multi force member is outlined in concert with 15 3 or additional forces engaged on it, or one with 2 or additional forces and one or additional couples engaged on it. Frames are structures that are designed to support applied hundreds and are sometimes mounted in position. Because they need solely 2 "legs", frames are sometimes discovered in rows so they will have smart stability. A saw horse may be a ideal of this structure. More complicated structures can have a cross member connecting the 2 materials within the middle to forestall the legs from bowing outward underneath load. Figure 4.2: Frame – It supports load. – It is usually stationary. 4.2.5 BEARINGS A bearing could be a machine component that constrains relative motion to solely the required motion, and reduces friction between moving components. The design of the bearing might, for instance, give for free of charge linear movement of the moving half or for free of charge rotation around a set axis; or, it’s going to stop a motion by dominant the vectors of traditional forces that bear on the moving components. Most bearings facilitate the required motion by minimizing friction. CONSTRUCTION A support sometimes refers to a housing with AN enclosed anti-friction bearing. A pillow block refers to any mounted bearing wherein the mounted shaft is in a parallel plane to the mounting surface, and perpendicular to the center line of the mounting holes, as contrasted with numerous kinds of projection blocks or projection units. 16 Figure 4.3: Bearing TYPES OF PILLOW BLOCK BEARING A pillow block may contain a bearing with one of several types of rolling elements, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, or metallic or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling part defines the kind of support. These disagree from "plumber blocks" that are bearing housings provided with none bearings and are sometimes meant for higher load ratings and a one by one put in bearing. 17 CHAPTER 5 DESGIN LAYOUT 5.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW 5.1.1 CATIA MODEL Figure 5.1: Working Model CHAPTER 6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS 6.1 DESIGN OF SHAFT (REFERENCE FROM ATLAS STEEL) Shaft material :Stainless steel Grade :304 Min Tensile Strength :515 MPa Yield Strength Čy :205 MPa Hardness : Rockwell B(HR B):92 Brinell (HB):201 Density :7900kg/m3 Elastic Modulus :193 GPa Preferred Values Shaft Diameter =25mm Length of the shaft=60mm Volume of the shaft=3.14[( 25 * 10− 3)(6.0)*(60*10− 2) = 2.94 ∗ 10− 4m3 Mass = Volume*Density = 2.94*10− 4 ∗ 7900 = 2.32kg W eight = mass ∗ gravity = 2.32 ∗ 9.81 = 22.75N Weight of the sprocket =50g To calculate the shear force and maximum bending moment dia1.jpg Figure 6.1: Various loads acting on collecting bin 20 CHAPTER 7 ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES 7.1 ADVANTAGES 1) Low cost: Our system is low in cost because we were using a very simple mechanism and incorporated those components which are being used in the simple bicycle construction.It is easy to construct and it will not incur any high labour cost and also the cost of the component is low. 2) Easy maintenance: Our mechanism will be very easy to maintain because the components available are easily detectable in nature and each and every components are carried out separately and the replacement of the components is also possible. 3)It is used in almost all types of Drainage system: The dimensions of our components can be varied according to the use in the drainage system.The drains in the slum areas are quite a bit narrow and the possible dimensions can be attainable based on the requirements. 4) It can handle maximum load of 10kg: The mechanism is able to carry out the maximum load of 10kg so it proves that it can carry the variety of loads starting from carry-bags to other disposable items etc. 7.1.1 CHALLENGES 1) Turbine power from the drainage needs to be maintained: Turbine power needs to be maintained because sometimes the flow of water can be very high which may not be essential for the operating functions. 2) it’s able to clean solid waste only: Actually it can clean only the solid waste while the semisolid and the liquid waste cannot be cleaned. 3) Waste storage tank need to be emptied from time to time: Since ,we have to wash the tank time to time that makes the work tidy and hard.But we will take away this disadvantage by inculcating the device mechanism which is able to send message to the municipality about the status of the storage tank so that they can manage the operation by collecting the garbage. 4) Less capacity of the storage tank: Initially the mechanism is being carried out in the remote areas.But in the near future we have to increase the capacity of the tank. CHAPTER 8 COST ESTIMATION Sl.no 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Bill of Materials Parts Quantity Sprocket 4 Shaft 2 Chain 2 Frame 14 feet Bearings 4 Collecting bin 1 Mesh 1 Cost 600 1000 1200 800 1000 500 200 Table 8.1: Table for cost estimation Labour cost: (Lathe, Welding, Grinding i.e., Workshop rent) = 6000 Total cost = Material cost + Labour cost = 5300 + 6000 = 11300 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION Cleaning of drain/ gutters has continually been a haul.Labors cleansing gutters and drains looks unethical and conjointly ends up in the high risk of obtaining infected or poisoned thanks to the large amount of waste chemicals in them.Also throwing of bottles,plastics and other such objects into the gutter lead to narrowing and eventually results in the blockage. So this device whose primary aim is to remove solid wastes from the drainage in order to ensure that there is no clotting of drainage water i.e to avoid gutter jamming issues was constructed successfully ..It lets the fluid to flow through it and it catches the large solid waste and accumulates it.So it must be installed at the specific points instead of cleaning the whole gutter floors.The system is efficient way to clean the gutter and also requires very low power since it rotate up to a few extent in a day to dump the solid waste. • We can apply this project in remote and slum areas with effectiveness. • Since the drains are linked with hygiene and in slum areas this is the major problem and we can apply this project in those areas and can safeguard the health of the people. • This project is very useful in monsoon because during this seasons the drains are overflowing and they are blocked by the solid waste. • We can incorporate this project with âĂIJSWATCH BHARAT ABHIYAANâĂİ which is the revolution in the present times. In India the drains and sewers are open so this project is very handy.