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2019, Muslim Minorities and the Refugee Crisis in Europe
To cite: Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska, Jan Misiuna, Marta Pachocka, Preface, in: Muslim Minorities and the Refugee Crisis in Europe, eds. Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska, Jan Misiuna, Marta Pachocka, SGH Publishing House, Warsaw 2019.
2019 •
Muslim Minorities and the Refugee Crisis in Europe, eds. Katarzyna Górak-Sosnowska, Jan Misiuna, Marta Pachocka, SGH Publishing House, Warsaw 2019.
After 1990, the Muslim Turks and Tatars in Dobruja (Romania), the region where the community is concentrated demographically, as other Muslim communities in the Balkans, became the environment of interaction and confrontation between ranges of transnational actors. The objective of my research is to determine the influence and effects of transnational Islam on the community from Dobruja. Practically I will try to identify the transnational actors involved in the religious rebirth after 1990 in Dobruja, analysing their customs and plans of action and interaction in the Muslim community, their effectsin the Muslim community, starting from the religious elite and down to the members of the community, including daily life, on the daily religious practice of Muslims from Dobruja but also on the religious personnel and education. Obviously, the analysis of the transnational Islam includes also the role of Turkey in the identity rebuilding of the Muslim Turks and Tatars from Dobruja, after 1990. The analysis of Turkey’s role will be looked at in the wider frame of the new external policy conducted by Turkey in the Balkans after 1990, mostly based on Turkey’s historical duty towards the Muslim communities from the area that include in their ethnic, cultural and religious structure the Ottoman background.
Refugees and minorities dominate contemporary international politics and the western humanitarian imagination bringing Hollywood stars to the most devastated parts of the Global South. And yet during the twentieth century, the global south was Europe itself. The collapse of the great multi-ethnic empires, the two World Wars, and finally the end of the Cold War created an unprecedented number of minorities and refugees. Millions of Germans, Greeks, Jews, Russians, and no less Muslims, came to constitute a major humanitarian and political issue for states, international organizations and private humanitarian associations alike. This course draws from the insights of history, minority and refugee studies, and international relations and uses a variety of sources (from parliamentary reports to refugee testimonies, and from films to literature), to examine this phenomenon. Bringing Europe’s ‘periphery’ (the Balkans and East Central Europe), into a closer conversation with each other, it explores state policies and local responses in order to highlight the importance of the minorities and refugees in the shaping of societies, states, and interstate relations in Europe’s twentieth century and no less our contemporary humanitarian sensibilities.
Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi / Journal of Divinity Faculty of Hitit University
Religio-Centric Migrant Policies of Eastern Europe/ Doğu Avrupa’nin Din Merkezli Göçmen Politikaları2020 •
Migration has been the most specific characteristics of the human being and the initial step of globalization since the beginning of history. In today’s world, while globalization and migration continue to feed each other, states are seeking ways to cope up with growing numbers of newcomers. While states have been in search of the “better” and have taken steps accordingly, they have been trying to restrict the “others” to do the same. Walls have been erected or wars have been made to keep the territories safe for the inhabitants by keeping the others on the other side of the borders. However, the definition of the “others” has continually changed from region to region and from time to time. On one hand, universal and regional norms and values are discussed and, on the other hand, specific and marginal measures are considered. As being the Christian Roman Heritage, European perception of “identity” and the “other” has mostly been constructed on the fear of invasions coming from the East that hold Muslim identity since the first Islamic conquests on East and West Roman territories. This being the case, a fear of Islam is triggered after the refugee crisis stimulated by the Syrian civil war. Though there are many other determining factors in migrant policies, significant religio-centric refugee policies of the countries in Eastern Europe and the answer of why religion, culture, and the politics are too much interlocked lie in the historical and cultural ties of Europe.
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Marginalized Minority Groups In Europe In The Context Of The Clash Of Civilisations: The Case Of Muslims2016 •
One of the most important issues faced by the European civilization is immigrants. These immigrants are not considered to be European, can be marginalized due to national-ethnic-religious reasons, and defined in the invisible European 'other'. This attitude is not rational at all for the European civilization and it is on the agenda of many European countries on the verge of the 21st Century. With political decisions taken and practices put into effect, the existing distinction is being clarified and efforts are exerted to make the increasing contrast extant. It has become quite a common situation for many European countries that individuals, especially politicians, coming to the agenda with clearly Eurocentric rhetorics, increase their popularity and serve to exclusionary rhetorics along with such popularity. The social category which is the basic object of such an action again becomes the emigrating citizens of Muslim countries which were included in the colonization movem...
This paper is published in PerConcordiam: Journal of European Security and Defense Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 10-17 (The whole journal is uploaded). A large-scale migration and refugee crisis is unfolding in Europe. During the course of 2015, more than 1 million people arrived aboard overflowing and often unseaworthy vessels crossing the Mediterranean Sea to European Union member countries Italy and Greece. Almost 3,800 people died in the attempt. Most of the new arrivals have headed farther north into the EU, with Germany expecting to receive 1 million asylum applications in 2015. Global displacement stands at over 60 million people, the highest number since World War II. Many have drawn on this statistic to suggest that the population movement into the EU is unprecedented in scope and manageability. The numbers are indeed high and the EU’s response — poorly coordinated and piecemeal, driven in part by fear and hostility, in part by sympathy and generosity — has made it less manageable than it needs be. The chaotic nature of the influx has led many to feel that Europe is overwhelmed. The challenges are indeed great, but it is worth noting that the continent has dealt with larger flows, even in recent history: Twenty years ago, 3 million people were displaced at the end of the wars in the former Yugoslavia, the vast majority of them having fled within Europe. Europe’s long history of migration and displacement shows that mass population movements are catalysts for change — sometimes for the worse, leading to conflict and violence, and sometimes for the better, with the newcomers contributing to the prosperity and strength of host communities. If Europe’s migration and displacement history offers a lesson for today, it would be that sympathetic and pragmatic approaches to admitting and integrating refugees usually pay off in the longer term, while xenophobic and fear-driven attempts at “stopping the flow” through harsh security measures increase the risk of conflict and instability. This article is not meant to provide a historical blueprint for how to respond to today’s crisis — that would be impossible. But by taking a historical view, we can add nuance and perspective to today’s challenges, encouraging a less panicked and more measured response.
2016 •
The growing importance of religious identity in the politics of migration and refugees has led to increasingly harsh immigration policies. Erin K. Wilson and Luca Mavelli argue that the focus needs to shift from religious identity to solidarity with fellow human beings.
2019 •
Racialisation remains an important area of 'race' where, for centuries, the ways of life of the people of the Middle East and Africa are gazed through Eurocentrism. Using different ways of representation, Europeans often represent the other as European fantasy of exoticness, strange and foreign. It is a kind of representation that is now advanced in the discourse on 'race' and nation-state. In this paper, I examine how the long tradition of racialisation of Africa is projected onto the people of colour in Poland. In doing so, I bring such representation into a conversation that puts immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa and their children, either born or brought up in Poland, in a condition where their links to Polishness, if not disconnected, are fragmented through the process of racialisation.
This thesis presents commentary and analysis concerning the present situation of the European Union in the wake of an unprecedented influx of migrants from the Middle East. More recently this has continued to occur towards the end of 2017 as people emigrate from the horn of Africa. This “crisis,” so named by those being affected, is extremely multidimensional in root causes in the migrants’ countries of origin as well as its effects on the European continent. However, this analysis is centered primarily on the salience of religion in the integration of migrants and/or refugees into particular nation-states in Europe. Furthermore, the discrepancies in individual and national sentiments concerning immigration in the European Union are prevalent most notably in the divide between Western and Eastern Europe and exacerbated in judgments concerning immigration. For example, while Austria has accepted an immense number of asylum seekers relative to its total population, the Czech Republic has failed continuously to meet the relocation requirements set by the European Commission. Consequently this disparity will be analyzed within three national case studies: Austria, the Czech Republic and then briefly the situation in the United States. All have experienced varying degrees of migrant traffic since the peak of the crisis in 2015 and have historical predispositions concerning religiosity and asylum policy. Surveys and interviews have been conducted in order to address these topics and also fill the gaps of knowledge that many preceding scholars have found concerning the association of religion and migrant assimilation. Finally, this work will briefly touch upon the growing dissension between eurocentrism and euroscepticism and the influence that the current refugee regime has had in further tearing open the veil of discontent and disunity within the European Union.
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