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1998, Archaeological Prospection
CUKUROVA 12th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES CONFERENCE
İstanbul'daki Sultan Abdülmecid Dönemi Selatin Camilerinin Cümle Kapılarında Görülen Değişimler / Changes In The Portals Of Sultan Abdulmecid Era Selatin Mosques In Istanbul2024 •
II. Mahmud Dönemi’ne kadar serbest kültür değişimleri şeklinde ilerleyen yenilikçi yaklaşımlar, modernleşmenin önündeki en büyük engel olarak görülen yeniçeri ocağının kaldırılmasıyla birlikte sultanın belirlediği mecburi bir istikamete yönelmiştir. Devletin birçok kurumunun Avrupa’daki örnekler temel alınarak modernizasyonun sağlanması ve yeni kurumların ortaya çıkması bu dönemde gerçekleşmiştir. Osmanlı saray mimarlarının bağlı olduğu Hassa Mimarlar Ocağı ile Şehreminliğinin birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulan Ebniye-i Hassa Müdürlüğü de bu yeni kurumlar arasındadır. Osmanlı mimari teşkilatında yapılan bu düzenlemeler, inşa sürecinde de bir takım değişiklikleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Ebniye Müdürlüğünce hazırlanan projelerin, açık eksiltme usulüne göre (münakasa sistemi) en düşük bütçeyi öneren üstleniciler tarafından gerçekleştirilmesi bu yenilikler arasında gösterilebilir. Osmanlı cami mimarisinde, geleneksel normların yavaş yavaş terk edilmeye başladığı 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren, dini mimaride Batı kaynaklı sanat akımlarının tesiri görülmeye başlar. Başlangıçta sadece bezemede görülen tesirler, yüzyılın sonuna doğru planlarda da etkisini göstererek camilerin geleneksel taçkapı tasarımını da etkilemiştir. Bunun yanında son cemaat yeri kavramının Tanzimat sonrası inşa edilen selatin camilerinde görülmemesi cami mimarisindeki geleneksel yaklaşımların değiştiğinin bir göstergesidir. Bu değişimin nedenleri arasında padişahın Cuma selamlığı ve giderek büyüyen maiyeti ile değişen protokol kuralları gösterilebilir. Padişahın hem dinlenme hem de resmi kabul işlemleri için camilerin kuzey cephelerine eklenen hünkâr kasırlarının, cami mimarisinde yaklaşık beş asırdan beri uygulanan son cemaat yeri ve avlu geleneğinin Abdülmecid dönemi selatin camilerinde yerini aldığı görülür. Çalışmada, Sultan Abdülmecid döneminde inşa edilen beş selatin camisinin cümle kapıları Osmanlı mimari geleneği çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Camilerde son cemaat yerinin bulunmayışı ve taçkapı uygulamasına yer verilmemesi, harimin kuzeyine ilave edilen profan mimari unsurlarla açıklanabilir. Cami mimarisindeki bu yeni yaklaşımlar, Sultan Abdülmecid Dönemi’nde (1839-1861), bazı geleneksel uygulamaların tamamen terk edildiğini göstermektedir. Reformist approaches which progressed as free cultural changes until the Mahmud I era were headed to a forced direction decided by the Sultan after the abolition of Janissary Corps which was seen as the greatest obstacle to modernization. Modernization of many state institutions and creation of new ones modeled after European institutions took place in this period. Among these new institutions is the Ebniye-i Hassa Directorate, created by merging The Guild of Architects, which Ottoman royal architects were dependent on, and Istanbul Şehremaneti. Changes in Ottoman architectural organization brought along some changes in construction processes. One of the changes is that projects prepared by the Ebniye Directorate were reverse auctioned and carried out by contractors who offered the least budget. Since the second half of 18th century when traditional forms were beginning to be abandoned in Ottoman Mosque architecture, effects of art movements originated in the West started to be seen. Firstly seen on ornamentation only, this influence showed its effects in plan schemes and affected traditional portal designs of mosques towards the end of the century. Along with this effect on portals, the omission of narthex (son cemaat yeri) in Selatin mosques built after the Tanzimat indicates that traditional approaches are changed. Reasons for this change can be the Friday divine service parade (Cuma selamlığı) and new protocols created appropriately for the growing retinue of the Sultan. It can be seen that instead of narthexes and courtyards traditionally used in mosque architecture for five centuries, Sultan’s pavilions subjoined to the northern facade of mosques used for resting as well as official hearings were used in Abdülmecid era selatin mosques. In this study, main front gates of five selatin mosques built during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid were evaluated in the frame of Ottoman architectural tradition. The omission of narthexes and portals in these mosques can be explained by profane architectural elements added to the north of the praying area. These new approaches in mosque architecture show that some traditional practices were entirely abandoned during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid (1839-1861).
Realidad Empresarial
Prácticas mercadológicas de los emprendedores artesanales y textiles de los municipios de Antiguo Cuscatlán y Santa Tecla2020 •
El estudio de “Estrategias de mercadeo utilizadas por pequeños emprendedores para promover sus productos” busca identificar la práctica mercadológica emprendedora en Antiguo Cuscatlán y Santa Tecla, y realizar un análisis de la forma en que los emprendedores desarrollan dicha práctica. La planificación mercadológica es un elemento estratégico fundamental para la proyección y comunicación efectiva de los productos y servicios de cualquier empresa o negocio. La planificación mercadológica requiere de un conocimiento del mercado partiendo de una clara segmentación y de la identificación de aquellos factores que permiten crear una propuesta de valor innovadora y atractiva para los diferentes segmentos. Un factor fundamental analizado es el vacío y la necesidad de fortalecer las capacidades de los emprendedores en el área de mercadeo, con el objetivo e volver más efectivo el esfuerzo e inversión que se realiza para dar a conocer sus productos. A continuación se realiza un análisis sobre ...
Edu-Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Pengembangan Instrumen Performance Assessment Berbantuan Komputer pada Materi Optik, Kalor dan ListrikThe aim of this research is to develop assessment models that can measure students’ performances and the effectiveness of the performance assessment instruments on the physics topic: the formation of image by the lens, specific heat and Ohm's law. This study used a research and development (R & D) design. The research steps consisted of preliminary study, the design of computer assisted-assessment performance instruments, the development of the performance assessment instruments draft, field trial, the development product revision and limited trial. The lecturer and the teacher validated the product of this study. The field trials on the legibility of performance assessment instruments for physics teacher and 5 senior high school in grade XI students. The data was collected by filling the feedback from the validator and field trial on students. The result of this study is a computer assisted-assessment performance that can measure the performance capabilities and provide feedbac...
NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching
John Bristow’s Psychological Problems in Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling2015 •
John Bristow is the minor character in the novel The Cuckoo’s Calling who has a problem with his decision in satisfying his id and superego. He is an ordinary man who has a job, family and girlfriend. However, his jealousy to his brother and sister forces him to kill them. This study focuses on analyzing the characterization of John Bristow, how his ego manages his id and superego and how anxieties appear as the effects of the problem. The aim of this paper is to examine the motif that leads John kills his step brother and sister. Psychology theory by Sigmund Freud is applied to analyze the character’s psychological problem. Perspective from Al-Qur’an is used to examine the reflection of Qabil’s character in the story of Habil and Qabil to John Bristow’s.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Peptidic defective interfering gene nanoparticles against Omicron, Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza A virus in vivo2022 •
2009 •
The braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron was introduced from Asia into East and Southern African region starting in 1993 to control the invasive exotic maize stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). A quasi-experiment was constructed using farmers that applied sublethal dosages of pesticide in assessing the counterfactual for the impact of the establishment of the introduced parasitoid in five countries in the region. Logistic regression method was used to estimate the probability that farmers' would inadvertently exclude parasitoids in their maize field. Thereafter the propensity score matching method was used to find corresponding farmers excluding parasitoids among those who did not for yield comparison. The geographical information system (GIS) application software with ecological, agricultural and land cover data bases was used to classify and select the ecological zones surveyed, to estimate the spread of the parasitoid. Results indicate...
American Journal of Industrial Medicine
An economic analysis of a safe resident handling program in nursing homes2012 •
BackgroundOccupational injuries, especially back problems related to resident handling, are common in nursing home employees and their prevention may require substantial up‐front investment. This study evaluated the economics of a safe resident handling program (SRHP), in a large chain of skilled nursing facilities, from the corporation's perspective.MethodsThe company provided data on program costs, compensation claims, and turnover rates (2003–2009). Workers' compensation and turnover costs before and after the intervention were compared against investment costs using the “net‐cost model.”ResultsAmong 110 centers, the overall benefit‐to‐cost ratio was 1.7–3.09 and the payback period was 1.98–1.06 year (using alternative turnover cost estimates). The average annualized net savings per bed for the 110 centers (using company based turnover cost estimates) was $143, with a 95% confidence interval of $22–$264. This was very similar to the average annualized net savings per full...
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie
Effect of diet and season on quality of farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)2007 •
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