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Environmentally friendly technologies such as photovoltaics and fuel cells are DC sources. In the current power infrastructure, this necessitates converting the power supplied by these devices into AC for transmission and distribution which adds losses and complexity. The amount of DC loads in our buildings is ever-increasing with computers , monitors, and other electronics entering our workplaces and homes. This forces another conversion of the AC power to DC, adding further losses and complexity.In this study, an equivalent AC and DC distribution system are compared in terms of efficiency. 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of DC power transmission and distribution over the conventional AC power system Advantages of DC Transmission; • There are no Inductance and Surges (High Voltage waves for very short time) in DC transmission. • There is no concept of Skin effect in DC transmission. Therefore, small cross sectional area conductor required. • There are two conductors used in DC transmission while three conductors required in AC transmission. • Due to absence of inductance, there are very low voltage drop in DC transmission lines comparing with AC (if both Load and sending end voltage is same) • There is no concept of Skin effect in DC transmission. Therefore, small cross sectional area conductor required.
2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition
AC vs. DC distribution: A loss comparison2008 •
The fast development of power electronics based on new and powerful semiconductor devices has led to innovative technologies, such as HVDC, which can be applied to transmission and distribution systems. The distribution voltage level is smaller than the transmission one, thus the power electronics are less expensive in distribution. The technical and economical benefits of this technology represent an alternative to the application in AC systems. Some aspects, such as deregulation in the power industry, opening of the market for delivery of cheaper energy to customers and increasing the capacity of transmission and distribution of the existing lines are creating additional requirements for the operation of power systems. HVDC offer major advantages in meeting these requirements.
Applied Sciences
Efficiency Comparison of AC and DC Distribution Networks for Modern Residential LocalitiesThe paper investigates the system efficiency for power distribution in residential localities considering daily load variations. Relevant system modeling is presented. A mathematical model is devised, which is based on the data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA), USA, for analysis. The results reveal that the DC distribution system can present an equivalent or even better efficiency compared to the AC distribution network with an efficiency advantage of 2.3%, averaged over a day. Furthermore, the distribution systems are compared under various capacities of solar PV accounting for the effect of variation in solar irradiation over time.
In the present scenario, electronic load is continuously increasing in the buildings which needs Direct Current (DC) input. These loads require conversion from AC to DC power. On the other hand the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) produce DC power which has to be converted into AC to tie into electric power systems and again converted into DC for DC compatible loads. These AC-DC and DC-AC-DC conversion stages introduce the energy losses. The DCDS eliminates the conversion stages. It can also decrease the power losses to an acceptable extent. In this paper two case studies have been described 1) the building is based on the AC Distribution System (ACDS) and supplied by public utility including PV and battery bank, 2) The building is based on DC Distribution System (DCDS) equipped by PV and battery bank including public utility. Results have been simulated in the LABVIEW environment. Outcomes show that the DC distribution system with DC internal technology appliances provide the largest energy saving and reduce the building load.
2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century
AC vs. DC distribution: Maximum transfer capability2008 •
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