Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
ISSN: 2454-132X
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(Volume 6, Issue 4)
Available online at: https://www.ijariit.com
E – Zyklus
Suyant Dharwarkar
suyant26@gmail.com
Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra
Abdulhasnain Akodiyawala
abdulhasnainakd5253@gmail.com
Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra
ABSTRACT
The E - Zyklus is experimentation for converting the
manually human powered vehicle, in this case a bicycle, into
an electrically powered vehicle and optimizing its
performance. The concept of E - Zyklus consist a Schnell
Bicycle, in which the pedal and chain drive is eliminated. A
24 V Brush less DC motor is used with a simple chain drive
in case of the manual chain drive. The battery pack used is 4
piece of lead acid gel battery. Also a speed controller is
introduced which is of 24 V for the speed control of the
BLDC motor, with a Throttle. The objective of the experiment
is to optimize the power required for the vehicle to operate, to
achieve top speed of 30 kmph and also get enough torque for
all operation performed by the vehicle like drive on straight
road and climbing up the slope and also achieve good
traction on uneven surfaces. The other objective is to see
whether a hybrid vehicle is feasible or not.
Keywords–
E – Zyklus, Electrically powered vehicle,
Battery pack, Hybrid vehicle, Bicycle, 24 V Brush less DC
motor.
1. INTRODUCTION
The usage of carbon based fuel for powering vehicles is seen
for around 100 to 200 years. Also it has leaded us to the
technology we use today which seemed impossible at some
point of time. But it won’t take us any further.
Fig. 1: Global fuel consumption chart [8].
The unchecked and wasteful use of these carbon-based fuel by
humans has forced it to deplete rapidly and we are just
standing on the verge of the total extinction of fossil fuels.
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Fig. 2: Global Fossil Carbon Emissions chart [7].
This uncontrolled use of fossil fuels has lead to high emissions
of carbon dioxide CO2 which has fatal effects on all living
being as well as Nature. The effects are like Global warming,
Rise of sea level, melting of polar ice caps, Lung and Heart
disease in humans, Climate changes, etc. These are all fatal
effect and hence we need to stop the use of fossil fuels and find
an alternate way of power generation and usage. The most
feasible way that we can see now is the electrical power, which
is easy to produce, and is clean, eco-friendly, can be stored.
The electric power is the way, which leads us to our future.
The second point of view is that to reduce pollution, humans
are shifting from fuels to manually powered vehicle. The best
example is the bicycle. In many countries, the bicycle is
preferred over the cars and bikes. In European countries we
can see that the studying class uses it for day-to-day life. In
Japan, the working class in factories use bicycle for travelling.
Also in Indian villages, the bicycle is still used. The positive
point of this technology is that it is simple in design, cost
efficient and eco-friendly. The drawback is that it is manually
powered, which can be very Exhausting and power consuming.
So to eliminate the only drawback, the simple design of the
bicycle and the clean electric power are combined to form a
product which can be clean and cost efficient at the same time.
The electric cycle is a typical bicycle available in market
which is infused with an electric powered system. The electric
powered system comprised of an electric motor, a speed
controller and an electric battery pack.
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Several research papers related to theoretical and practical
experimentation and analysis of fully electrical or hybrid
bicycles are reviewed thoroughly.
Fig. 3: Laufband Zyklus [1].
Suyant Dharwarkar, Amit Jadhav [1] Laufband Zyklus a
German name for treadmill cycle is designed for those people
who love to walk outdoor. Treadmill belt constructed on cycle
and innovation named Laufband Zyklus' is made. Electronic
parts are assembled and run smoothly on walking momentum.
As the person walks on the treadmill belt, the belt starts up and
the rear wheel starts propelling the bike in the forward
direction. Laufband Zyklus is designed for walkers as the
conventional treadmill; this project is the combination of best
fitness device and travelling long distance without producing
any of pollution.
Mitesh M. Trivedi et al [2] Modern world demands the high
technology which can solve the current and future problems.
Fossil fuel shortage is the main problem now-a-days.
Considering current rate of usage of fossil fuels will let its life
up to next five decades only. Undesirable climate change is the
red indication for not to use more fossil fuel any more. Best
alternative for the automobile fuels to provide the mobility &
transportation to peoples is sustainable electrical bike. Future
e-bike is the best technical application as a visionary solution
for the better world and upcoming generation. E-bike
comprises the features like high mobility efficiency, compact,
electrically powered, comfortable riding experience, light
weight vehicle. E-bike is the most versatile future vehicle
considering its advantages.
C. Abagnale et al [3] a new model of power-assisted bicycle
has been designed set up and tested. The main innovative
solutions for the pedelec prototype are described in the present
paper: the electric motor position; the new mechanical
transmission; the low cost measurement system of the driving
torque; the special test rig. Differently from a common
approach, in which the electric motor is located on one of the
three hubs of the bicycle, the idea of the pedelec prototype
consists of an electrical motor in the central position that, by
means of a bevel gear, transmits the torque on the central hub.
The other innovative solution is represented by the motion
transmission from the motor to the pedal shaft, achieved by
two different gearboxes: the first one is a planetary gearbox
and the second one is a simple bevel gear. The pedelec
prototype contains also a new low cost measurement system of
the driving torque based on a strain gauge load cell located on
one side of the rear wheel, between the hub and the frame.
Moreover, a commercial cycling simulator has been suitably
modified in order to properly install the different sensors for
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the measurement of the performance of the pedelec. The test
rig is able to reproduce an aforethought route or paths acquired
during road tests, to measure the performance of the e-bike in
terms of instantaneous power and speed. The experimental test
rig can simulate the resistant torque of a predetermined track
and it aims to test and to optimize the control strategy available
on the electronic control unit. The authors have also conducted
an environmental analysis of the developed pedelec, in
particular comparing the e-bike with a thermal moped, in terms
of environmental impact.
Sunikshita katoch et al [4] in this paper, we are concerning
about the growing demand of energy all over the world, which
motivate us to switch over renewable resource of energy.
There are many different ways by which we can save energy in
different sectors. Our main focus is on automobile sector
where we are converting old petroleum bike to electric bike. In
these electric bikes we use electrical motor (BLDC motor)
instead of combustion engine as there is less pollution, low
maintenance cost, reduces noise. These bikes utilize chemical
energy stored in the rechargeable battery packs. This paper
deals with the design and development of electric bike which
make use of electric energy as primary source. There is a
distribution for charging the battery emitting it from the main
system.
Mayur Balakrishna Patil et al [5] Now day’s bike or vehicle
is very important our fast life for travelling and this is also play
very important role in growth of economy but main drawback
of this bike and vehicle is produce pollution in environment
because of burning fuel. For this reason, increases global
warming and also storage of fuel is limited. Due to that now
day’s need of eco-friendly technology for travelling. E-bike
(electrical bicycle) this is nothing but one example of ecofriendly technology but this technology having some drawback
to overcome the drawback of e-bike we have been design selfpower generating electrical bike. This design overcomes all the
drawback of e bike. Self-power generating electrical bike is
nothing but e-bike that generates its own power supply by
using some arrangement.
Kunal D Topiwala et al [6] we are concerning about the
growing demand of energy all over the world, which motivate
us to switch over renewable resource of energy. There are
many different ways by which we can save energy in different
sectors. Our main focus is on automobile sector where we are
converting old petroleum bike to electric bike. In these electric
bikes we use electrical motor (BLDC motor) instead of
combustion engine as there is less pollution, low maintenance
cost, reduces noise. These bikes utilize chemical energy stored
in the rechargeable battery packs. This paper deals with the
design and development of electric bike which make use of
electric energy as primary source. There is a distribution for
charging the battery emitting it from the main system.
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
An Experimental Investigation on converting a manually
powered vehicle to electrically powered vehicle by still
keeping the product, cost efficient.
4. METHODOLOGY
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Analysis of Problem Statement.
Literature survey.
Study of the mechanism.
Selection of Components readily available in market.
CAD Design.
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
f)
g)
h)
i)
Prototype of the mechanism.
Required calculations.
Actual Experimental setup.
Testing and Simulation of mechanism on working
parameter.
5. OBJECTIVES
• Acceptation of the new electrical power train, over the
manual power train, perfectly by the vehicle [bicycle].
• Achieve speed, which should be more than two times the
maximum speed, which the vehicle can achieve previously.
• Achieving enough Torque, so the vehicle can have good
traction on uneven and inclined surfaces.
• Overall cost of the vehicle should be less than 1.5 times the
original cost of the vehicle [bicycle].
• Developing the simplest way to fuse the electrical and
mechanical system, efficiently.
• Keeping the power storage method as power saving and light
weighted as possible.
• Achieve a satisfactory amount of Mileage.
6. EXPERIMENTAL LAYOUT
Fig. 4: CAD Diagram of vehicle.
Fig. 5: Schnell Adventure SR.SS (24) (2016) [9].
Any other bicycle from different manufacturer and same
specification can do the need full. Single gear cycle is
important as the speed and the motor fulfills torque
requirement.
Table 1: Technical specifications.
Model
Adventure SR.SS (24)
Manufacturer
Schnell
Year
2016
Frame
Steel hardtail
Fork
Suspension fork
Brakes
Rim brakes
Shifters
N/A
Wheel size
24”
Tires
Alloy double wall rims
Suspension
Hardtail
Rims
Alloy 24
Crankset
Steel
Stem
Steel
Handlebar
Steel
8.2 DC Motor
7. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The E - Zyklus works on the principle of electric energy
converted to mechanical energy by the means of a DC motor.
• The electric energy is stored in the battery packs in the form
of chemical energy and the battery pack provides the energy
to the motor by the means of an electronic control module
(ECM).
• Further the motor starts to rotate and the rotation of the motor
is given to the wheel of bicycle with the help of a simple
chain drive.
• In this way the bicycle starts to propel forward.
• It is same as a human pedaling a bicycle, but in this case the
pedaling action by human is taken over by the rotation of
motor.
• Theoretically, no human efforts are required to drive the
vehicle.
8. COMPONENTS
8.1 Bicycle
The bicycle used in the experiment is Schnell Adventure
SR.SS 2016 model. It has Steel hardtail type frame, Single gear
(no shifters), Suspension fork, Rim brakes, Alloy double wall
rims, 24 inch wheels, hardtail suspension, steel handle bar. The
body and the crankset are also steel. The cycle has average
price range in market and readily available. Has a sturdy body
and best durability the manufacturer can offer. The cycle is
single gear option. Rim brakes can get the work done. The
picture of the bicycle has been shown in Figure 5. Table 1
below shows the technical specification of the bicycle
completely.
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Fig. 6: 24V/250W BLDC Motor [10].
The most important component in the vehicle is the motor. It is
just like the IC engine in the motorcycle. It is the heart of the
vehicle. The basic function of the motor is to convert the
electric energy to mechanical energy (rotational). It does not
produce any type of by-product (gases), hence it is the most
clean and nature-friendly system.
Figure 6 shows the motor used in the experiment. The motor is
mounted on a specially designed mounting plate which in turn
is mounted between the two rods extended to the rear wheels
hub. The motor is mounted on the right side of the vehicle. The
motor is 24 Volt, 250 Watt, 4 poles Brushless DC motor. Rated
speed of motor is 3300 RPM. Rated current is 13.4 A. It is
equipped with an inbuilt hall sensor. There is worm and worm
wheel arrangement at the output shaft, so that the motor can be
prevented to be rotated in the opposite direction by the load. A
nine teeth sprocket is provided at the output of the motor. The
specifications of the motor are given in below Table 2.
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Table 2: Specification of motor
Model
MY1020Z2
Rated power (W)
250 Watt
Rated voltage (V)
24 Volt
Rated speed (RPM)
3300 RPM
Unloaded speed (RPM)
3850 RPM
Rated current (A)
Less than or equal to 13.4 Ampere
Unloaded current (A)
Less than or equal to 2.2 Ampere
Reduction ratio
9.78:1
Weight (Kg)
4.675 Kilogram
Dimensions (mm)
270 * 180 * 195 mm
A specially designed battery pack holder is shown in figure –
8.3.2 above. The holder is mounted at the middle of the bicycle
for good weight distribution and low centre of gravity. The
battery pack is tightly fasten for comport and less vibrations.
8.4 Electronic Control Module [ECM]
8.3 Battery Pack
Fig. 9: Electronic control module [10].
Fig. 7: 12V 7AH lead acid gel battery [12].
The battery pack is comprised of four pieces of 12 V 7 Ah lead
acid gel battery. The lead acid batteries, used, are rechargeable.
The motor requires 24 V to operate, so the two batteries are
connected in series to achieve 24 V and this pair is connected
in parallel to a same pair to obtain 14 Ah of battery life. The
battery pack is connected to the ECM unit in specified ports.
Any manufacturer’s batteries can be used given that the output
battery package should be always 24 V. The Ah can be
determined according to the rated current of the motor. Battery
package could be a single battery or multiple small or medium
batteries connected in parallel or series to achieve the desired
output. Battery pack over 24 V should not be used as it can
damage the motor and, very importantly, the controller (ECM).
Lithium ion battery pack can also be used which is light in
weight but is not very cost friendly.
Electronic control module, as the name suggest, is the control
unit of the vehicle. It control the power sent to the motor. It
also controls the auxiliary function like Head light, brake light,
power cut-off to the motor. It is 24 V and has connection for
all function performed. It controls the power to the motor.
Head light power, brake light power, tail light power and
throttling and battery charge count.
The different ports in the controller are for battery pack, motor,
brake light, throttle, headlight, locking mechanism, charging
port.
8.5 Throttle
Fig. 10: Throttle with horn [10].
The throttle is the device, which enables the rider to control the
speed of the motor and therefore the speed of vehicle. The
twisting throttle for the speed control of the motor is easily
available in the market. The particular design used in this case
has a built in horn. It has two ports, one for speed control and
the other for the horn switch.
8.6 Brakes Levers
Fig. 8: CAD diagram of Battery pack holder.
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Fig. 11: Brake levers with auto cut off [11].
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
The brake levers, in the case, are like any other brake levers
found in a bicycle. They have a unique quality, which is that
they come with an auto cut off capability. It kills the power to
motor as soon the brakes are deployed. The throttling will not
have any effect as long as the brakes are deployed. The cut off
signal is given to the controller with the help of ports provided.
8.7 Locking and Headlight Unit
Fig. 12: Locking and headlight unit.
Locking and headlight unit is an integrated unit, which does
two jobs. The lock is simply a switch, which is switched ON
by the key. The unit is connected to controller by two ports
locking and headlight. It is a compact unit and is placed at the
middle of the handle bar of the vehicle.
8.8 Wire Harness
Fig. 13: Wire harness.
Wire harness is the component which transports the signal
from one component to another. Every basic electrical system
required a wire harness for operation. The wire harness
comprises of different wire with different colour set, bonded
together in a plastic cover for durability. The colour is assigned
to the wire for specific reason. It is easy to connect to the
required device with colour discrimination. The wires are
arranged in particular manner and have plugs (connectors) at
both ends for correct connection. For example; the headlight is
connected to the harness designated wire plug and the on the
other end of harness the same colour wire plug is connected to
the controller.
8.9 Charger
The charger, used in this application, takes input of 230 V 50
Hz AC and gives DC output of about 12 V 5 A. In this case,
fast charging is not used to keep the battery life as long as
possible.
8.10 Procedure
a. A Theoretical idea was first put on a piece of paper in form
of drawing while keeping in mind the original design of
bicycle available. Then once the idea was finalized the
specification of vehicle where put on table. The
specifications like torque, speed, comfort, cost, etc.
b. After that according to the specifications required, a market
survey was conducted in which the availability and cost of
components required were reviewed. The components
under desired cost and specification were selected. The first
priority was to manufacture and manage the components.
But own self as lack of resources can manufacture not all
components. The components like motor, ECM, battery
pack, etc were purchased and some parts were salvaged.
c. Several CAD designs were created and one was finalized.
The CAD designs were for placement, management and
proper work of vehicle to be studied properly. The CAD
Software used for 3D modeling was CATIA V5R21.
d. The manufacturing started, the bicycle was stripped and on
the framework the work was done. The operations like
drilling, bending, fabrication, grinding, tapping, bolting,
etc, were performed according to requirement. Motor
mounting plate was first made with the help of 5 mm thick
MS plate which was then welded between the driving and
the driven sprocket, on the chain stay and seat stay pipes
meeting at the rear wheel hub. The holes were drilled on
the plate for proper mounting of motor making sure that the
motor sprocket is perfectly aligned to the driven sprocket.
The chain used was salvaged from the previous parts of the
bicycle.
e. Then the battery pack holder were made by 2 mm
aluminum sheet which was bended at 90o to achieve
desired shape and once completed were bolted to the top
tube of bicycle.
f. Once the hardware was fastened properly then the electric
connections were started. The controller was fastened to the
bottom of seat pipe and the headlight and locking unit at
the middle of the handle bar. The wire harness was wound
around the framework. The connectors of harness and the
equipment were closed. The brake wire and the throttle
were also mounted. All the assembly was double-checked.
g. The fully charged battery pack was connected for first time
testing and the bicycle started. The motor was running on
throttling. Minor changes were made after the bicycle was
tested. There were problems but they were tackled.
h. Once the confidence was established that no further
changes were required and the bicycle was safe to move.
The testing was started to carry out experiments.
i. The speed was checked, the power was checked, the battery
performance was noted, and the vibrations were seen and
were isolated. Proper measurement devices were used. The
calibration was done until the required specifications were
met. The result were not very accurate but were
approximate.
j. Detailed cost estimation was conducted and feasibility was
checked by taking opinions from outside by providing them
with test run of the E - Zyklus.
k. The opinion were noted and will be used in further
development was promised.
Fig. 14: Charger
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Speed = 20.106 km/hr
9. DETAILED CALCULATIONS
9.1 Motor Calculation
Motor input = 24 Volt,
Motor rated output power = 250 watt,
Rated speed of motor = 3300 RPM,
Tyre size = 24 Inch (diameter).
Now, the motor has a preinstalled reduction gear where motor
RPM gets reduced from 3300 RPM to 350 RPM, therefore now
the driving has 350 RPM in total.
Hence,
RPM at driving sprocket = 350 RPM,
Number of teeth at driving sprocket = 9 teeth,
Number of teeth at driven sprocket = 18 teeth.
So find the gear ratio
∴ Gear ratio =
Number of teeth on Driven gear
Number of teeth on Driving gear
=
=
18
9
2
1
So the RPM now at Driven gear will be reduced by obtained
gear ratio that is as follows,
Let ‘ϰ’ be the RPM of Driven gear
350 ϰ
=
2
1
ϰ = 175 rpm.
⸫ RPM at Driven Gear is 175
Now, Calculating circumference of the tyre,
Circumference = Diamater of tyre × π
= 24" × π
= 75.398"
Circumference of Tyre = 75.398"
Calculating speed of the Cycle,
RPM of Driven Sprocket × Circumference of Tyre
39370.076
[Note: 39370.076 are the inches in a kilometre]
=
175 × 75.39
39370.076
= 0.3351
9.2 Battery Calculation
Battery Specification: 12V 7Ah X 4 Nos.
Connecting Two Batteries in series,
12V 7Ah × 2 Batteries = 24V 7Ah .................... (1)
We know that, the Current remains the same in a series
connection only voltage is multiplied by the number of
batteries connected
Now, such above connection is done same with the other two
remaining batteries that is,
12V 7Ah × 2 Batteries = 24V 7Ah...................... (2)
Now, connecting these two series arrangement in parallel we
get,
∴ Gear Ratio is 2: 1
Speed =
The Calculation done here is based on the maximum outcome
from the motor to the tyre. The speed may vary from 15km/h
to 20km/h depending on various losses like total weight on
cycle, wind direction, uphill climb, downhill descent, tyre
pressure, road gradient quality, etc.
Km
Min
Now, converting it into km/h multiplying it with 60
We get,
= 0.3351 × 60
= 20.106 km/hr
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24V 7Ah × 2 series Connected batteries =
24V 14Ah..........From (1) & (2)
We know that, in parallel connection Voltage remains the same
but current is multiplied according to the Number of batteries.
Now Total Output from these 4 batteries arrangement will give
us 24V 14Ah.
9.3 Power calculation of battery and motor
Now calculating, total output power of battery,
Power = Voltage × Current
= 24 V × 14 Ah
= 336 Watt − hour
Power = 336 Wh.......... (1)
This means battery gives power of 336 watt per hour. That is,
the battery will last for an hour if 336 watt is consumed
constantly.
Rated motor Input = 250 W
Calculating power consumption for 1 km,
Motor gives rated speed of 20 kmph at 250 W,
250
= 12.5 Watt per kilometer
∴
20
∴ 1 km consumes = 12.5 W … . (2)
We have in total 336 W of power in battery,
336
∴ 12.5 = 26.88 km.....from (1) & (2)
The bicycle will travel almost 26 km once battery is fully
charged.
9.4 Torque calculation of motor
Motor rated output power = 0.250 kilowatt,
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
RPM at driving sprocket = 350 RPM,
Formula for Torque is given by,
9.5488 × power (kW)
Torque =
Speed (RPM)
9.5488 × 0.25
350
τ=
τ = 6.82 × 10−3
τ = 6.82 Nm
9.5 Cost of battery charging
The cost of 1 unit is 8.57 rupees.
Cost of electricity =
Battery capacity × Unit cost
1000
336 kWh × 8.57 rupees per unit
1000
=
=
336 × 8.57
1000
10. RESULT AND SPECIFICATION
Table 3: Features
Desired
Actual
S no.
Features
[Calculated]
[Measured]
1.
Top Speed
20 kmph
18 kmph
2.
Wheel size
24 Inch
3.
Weight capacity
100 kg
85 kg
4.
Range
28 km
20 km
5.
Charging time
5.6 hours
6.3 hours
6.
Comfort
Good
Satisfactory
7.
Cost of charging
2.88 per full charge
8.
Motor
24 V / 250 W
9.
Battery pack
24 V / 14 Ah
[Note: the values in the table are approximated.]
The table 3 above represents the specifications of the E Zyklus. It shows the desired parameters and the actual
parameters seen. The E - Zyklus had satisfactory results on all
the working parameters. The actual measurements were seen to
be less than the calculated measurements which accounts for
the losses. The efficiency of the E - Zyklus is about 60 %.
∴ cost of electricity = 2.88 rupees
Battery charging cost is about 2.88 rupees.
9.6 Charging time calculation
The charger used is of 12 V 5 A.
Input given is 230 V AC 50 Hz.
𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 12 𝑉 7 𝐴ℎ
𝑃 = 12 × 7
𝑃 = 84 𝑊ℎ........... (1)
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 12 𝑉 5𝐴
𝑃 = 12 × 5
From (1) & (2),
𝑃 = 60 𝑊............. (2)
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑇=
84
60
𝑇 = 1.4 ℎ
So, charging time for one battery is about 1.4 Hours.
Hence, for all four batteries to be charged it will take about,
1.4 × 4 = 5.6 ℎ
So, the total time required for the battery pack to charge is 5.6
Hours.
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Fig. 15: E - Zyklus
11. APPLICATION
• The application of such a product would widely be seen in a
person’s daily life transportation.
• Working class transportation can be eased, due to the low
cost of the product.
• The product can also be a solution to the parking and space
problem in the industrial sectors.
• The same problem of space is seen in the business and I. T.
sectors, which are located in the very heart of the urban
cities. These problems can also be eliminated by use of the
vehicle.
• Students using it for transportation on the daily basis in
schools and colleges.
12. FUTURE SCOPE
• Future developments are to done in the near future. The
design could be perfected. The speed and torque could be
increased.
• A hybrid model is a possibility, which has a low power
electric motor working as an electrical assisting system while
the primary source of power will be pedalling.
• Regenerative braking is also a field of expansion. The battery
charging with regenerative braking can also increase battery
time and decrease the cost of the charging.
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Dharwarkar Suyant, Akodiyawala Abdulhasnain; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
• A swappable battery pack can be introduced for easier
working and efficiency. The lead acid could be replaced with
lithium ion, which is long lasting and compact in size.
• There is a possibility of providing carriage space for haulage.
13. CONCLUSION
The paper provides an effective way of combining the
electrical system with a bicycle, which will reduce human
effort and will be environment friendly. There is procedure for
the conversion, stated properly. The main aspects like torque
and speed were seen as expected. The usage of a premanufactured framework saved time and also the designing
cost. The electric system is simple to be understood with less
part and clear as crystal connections. The charging time is less
compared to other counterparts and the charging cost is also
less. The weight of cycle is satisfactory as a low power motor
was used for the work, due to that the battery weight also
reduced, so the overall weight was reduced compared to other
counterparts. The components used in the experiment are
easily available in market. It has been proved suitable for
people over the age of 45 as it does not require any human
efforts. Any general used bicycle can be converted to the E Zyklus jut by integrating the electric system shown and also in
low cost.
14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Special thanks towards METACRAFT ENGINEERS for
supporting the E – Zyklus.
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[1] Suyant Dharwarkar et al. “Laufband Zyklus”;
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Innovations in Technology, ISSN: 2454-132X, (Volume
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[2] Mitesh M. Trivedi et al. “Design & Development of EBike - A Review”; ICONIC RESEARCH AND
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Published
by:
www.ijert.org, Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Carb
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https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Historical-globalfossil-fuel-consumption-in-terawatt-hours-1800-2016Adapted-from_fig7_329284985
https://www.choosemybicycle.com/en/bicycles/schnelladventure-sr-ss-27-5-2016
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https://m.shopclues.com/electric-bicycle-kit145715578.html
https://www.tanotis.com/products/apc-replacementbattery-cartridge110?gclid=Cj0KCQjw6uT4BRD5ARIsADwJQ18Rj43_r
OyqqcBBAKAB4_NNzFKesrZrtodXDxETDsQXRjGlIK
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