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2020, Covid-2 and Covid 19.
SARS-CoV-2 is a strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). It is believed to have zoonotic origins and has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it emerged from a bat-borne virus. There is no evidence yet to link an intermediate host, such as a pangolin, to its introduction to humans. The virus shows little genetic diversity, indicating that the spillover event introducing SARS-CoV-2 to humans is likely to have occurred in late 2019. In September 2020, based on data analysis, researchers reported the discovery of the genome of the virus's index case. Epidemiological studies estimate each infection results in 5.7 new ones when no members of the community are immune and no preventive measures taken. The virus primarily spreads between people through close contact and via respiratory droplets produced from coughs or sneezes. It mainly enters human cells by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
International braz j urol, 2020
Archives of Clinical Microbiology, 2020
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in the city of Wuhan, since then more than 6,267,488 laboratory confirmed cases have been reported as of June 1st, 2020 and on March 11th WHO declared it a global pandemic. The highest numbers of fatalities are so far reported from USA (n=106,195), followed by UK (n=38,489), Italy (n=33,415) and Brazil (n=29,341). Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical virus with a diameter of 120 nm-160nm. Its genome consists of a positive sense single stranded RNA (ssRNA+) of 26-32 kilo base pairs in length. Recent genome sequencing elucidated remarkable genetic similarity with bat-SLCoVZXC21, bat-SL-CoVZC45 virus strains and the sequenced strains showed 99.9% genetic homology with each other. The S2 protein of this novel virus has 93% similarity with bat-SL-CoVZXC21, bat-SL-CoVZC45 strains. The RNA was detected in the blood and stool samples. The most frequent manifestation of the infection is cough, fever, anosmia, pneumonia character...
Asian Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021
Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold, while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The outbreak was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, declared to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and recognized as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Coronaviruses are the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, within the family of Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses is approximately from 26 to 32 kilobases. Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s and Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. The earliest ones studied were from human patients with the common cold, which were later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43. Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections
Journal of Biomedical Sciences , 2020
SARS-CoV-2 is the highly infectious new coronavirus, which has been associated with the pandemic COVID-19. The majority of those pathogenic coronaviruses are benign, namely HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, and they have been linked to common cases of flu. Two of these viruses namely SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus are known to have caused more severe infections. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the Coronaviruses are divided into four groups, which are: Alpha-CoV, Beta -CoV, Gamma-CoV, and Delta -CoV. The Beta- CoV genus is further classified into four lineages, which are referred to as Groups A, B, C, and D. At the genomic level, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified to match with the lineage B of Beta coronavirus. This infection affects the respiratory tract, mainly the lungs' alveoli, and can cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from discharge from the nose and a sore throat to respiratory distress, septic shock, and failure of multiple organs. To date, millions of people have been affected by the virus. The current mortality rate is around 6%. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent the spread of the infection. An extensive literature review was done using Pubmed, Medline, Pubmed Central, Embase, Goggle Scholar databases from January 20, 2020, till October 20, 2020. Conclusion: COVID-19 is the third outbreak of a pathogenic human coronavirus, after MERS and SARS. Its high rate of transmissibility has taken a toll on citizens' personal and professional lives globally. The peculiarities of SARS-CoV-2, regarding its genomic uniqueness and the role of Malayan pangolins as intermediate hosts, still demands more research to determine the degree to which they partake in the generation of the pathogenicity and infectiousness of the virus.
Asian Journal of Medicine and Health
Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large group from the Coronaviridae family that cause a variety of diseases, from the common cold to more serious clinical conditions such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This pathogen, which has a single chain, positive polarity and enveloped RNA viruses and causes bilateral interstitial pneumonia, has been associated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease was defined as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of β-coronavirus. Studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 uses membrane-bound ACE2 to access target cells. It is understood that the virus is transmitted from bats to people, from person to person by droplet or by the contact of the sick person with respiratory secretion materials into the mouth, nose and eye mucous membranes of healthy people. The most common clinical findings were fever (87.9%), cough (67.7%), and weakness (38.1%). The exact diagnosis of Covid-19 is ba...
2020
The current outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID19) has seriously impaired the lives of millions of people causing a significant public health crisis around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared “COVID-19 to be a pandemic with a public health emergency of global concern”. According to the latest estimates by WHO, it has affected more than 8.5 million people across 213 countries or territories with a rising death toll over 5.5 million people (as of June 2020) [1]. The disease was first emerged in the city of Wuhan in Hubei province of China during a pneumonia outbreak in December 2019. It was previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the WHO declared the official name of the disease as COVID-19 in February 2020 [2]. However, it is an infectious disease of the respiratory system characterized mainly by severe respiratory distress syndrome, and is caused by a novel coronavirus (nCoV), called SARS-CoV-2 (severe a...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosi...
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Sebeb-i Telif: Osmanlı Literatüründe Açık ve Örtük Yazma Nedenleri, 2024
Sebeb-i Telif: Osmanlı Literatüründe Açık ve Örtük Yazma Nedenleri, ed. Mustakim Arıcı ve Sami Arslan (İstanbul: Ketebe, 2024) içinde, s. 33-60. https://www.ketebe.com/sebebi-telif-mustakim-arici-sami-arslan Bu makalede paylaşacağım tahmîd –veya hamdele– örnekleriyle Tanrı’nın farklı yüzleri olduğunu vurgulayıp İslam geleneğinde erken modern dönemden beri mütemadiyen güçlenen, modern zamanlarda kamusal alanda egemenlik kurmayı başaran ve şu yaşadığımız günlerde bazılarımızı artık soluk alamayacak bir hâle getiren çoğunlukçu anlayışın yanında, orta çağlarda dört başı mamur bir hâlde yaşanmış bir çoğulcu tahayyülün de olduğunu hatırlatmak istiyorum. Bu makalenin ana eksenini oluşturan çalışmayı, ilk olarak “The multiple faces of the One: the invocation section of Ottoman literary introductions as a locus for the central argument of the text” başlığıyla Harvard Üniversitesi’nde 16-17 Kasım 2006 tarihlerinde düzenlenen “Sebeb-i Telif: A Symposium on Ottoman Primary Sources” adlı akademik toplantıda sunmuştum ki, bu sunumu, biraz geliştirdikten sonra, aynı başlıkla Middle Eastern Literatures dergisinde de yayımlamıştım (12 [2009]: 27-41). Bu makale, o İngilizce makalenin Zeynep Yelçe tarafından yapılan ve daha önce yayımlanmayan Türkçe çevirisinin genişletilerek gözden geçirilmiş hâlidir ve Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi Yazma Eserler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde 8-10 Haziran 2022'de düzenlenen Sebeb-i Telif Sempozyumu'nda sunulduktan sonra son halini almıştır. Makalede okuyacağınız Kemalpaşazade'ye atf edilen metne dikkatimi çeken Abdurrahman Atçıl'a makalede teşekkür etmeyi unuttuğumu çok geç fark ettim, kendisinin affına sığınıyorum. Son olarak, FSM VÜ Yazma Eserler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Uzmanı Elif Derin Can'a da teşekkür etmeliydim, atlamışım, umarım o da beni affeder.
المجلة العربیة للعلوم التربویة والنفسیة, 2021
Gui Foucois, pape Clément IV et le Midi, 2023
European Journal of Education Studies, 2020
Studia Aurea, 17, 2023, pp. 613-623., 2023
T. Tortosa (ed.), La novela arqueológica o la ensoñación de la realidad (s. XVIII-XXI), 2024
N. Kontogiannis and T. Uygar (eds.), Spaces and Communities in Byzantine Anatolia, 5th Sevgi Gönul Symposium, Istanbul, 2021
European Journal of Philosophy
Continental J. Applied Sciences, 2023
Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2022
Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, 2008
Springer eBooks, 2022
IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 2018
Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, 2003
Schizophrenia Research, 2012