BIA LXII (2020)

BIA LXII les portraits du Fayoum à lʼépreuve de la reconstitution faciale Institut français d'archéologie orientale Collège de France Chaire "Civilisation de l'Égypte pharaonique : archéologie, philologie, histoire" Bulletin d'Information Archéologique BIA www.egyptologues.net LXII Juillet - Décembre 2020 Le Caire - Paris 2020 Bulletin d’Information Archéologique REVUE SEMESTRIELLE N° 62 JUILLET / DECEMBRE 2020 Système de translittération des mots arabes Directeur de la publication Nicolas GRIMAL Nicolas.grimal@college-de-France.fr Rédaction et coordination Emad ADLY eadly@ifao.egnet.net consonnes IFAO Ambafrance Caire S/C Valise diplomatique 13, rue Louveau F-92438 Chatillon http://www.ifao.egnet.net 37, rue al-Cheikh Ali Youssef B.P. Qasr al-Aïny 11562 Le Caire – R.A.E. Tél. : [20 2] 27 97 16 37 Fax : [20 2] 27 94 46 35 Collège de France Chaire "Civilisation de l’Égypte pharaonique : archéologie, philologie, histoire" ‫ء‬ ‘ ‫ز‬ z ‫ق‬ q longues : ‫ ا‬â, ‫ ي‬î, ‫ و‬û ‫ب‬ b ‫س‬ s ‫ك‬ k brèves : a, i, u ‫ت‬ t ‫ش‬ sh ‫ل‬ l diphtongues : aw, ay ‫ث‬ th ‫ص‬ s ‫م‬ m ‫ج‬ G ‫ض‬ Dh ‫ن‬ n ‫ح‬ H ‫ط‬ t ‫ھـ‬ h ‫خ‬ kh ‫ظ‬ z ‫و‬ Remarques ou suggestions eadly@ifao.egnet.net Les articles ou extraits d’articles publiés dans le BIA et les idées qui peuvent s’y exprimer n’engagent que la responsabilité de leurs auteurs et ne représentent pas une position officielle de la Rédaction. © Institut français d’archéologie orientale. Le Caire. 2020 © Collège de France. Paris. 2020 ISSN 1110-2489 autres conventions w/û tæ’ marbºta = a, at (état construit) ‫د‬ D ‫ع‬ ‘ ‫ذ‬ Z ‫غ‬ gh ‫ر‬ r ‫ف‬ f http://www.egyptologues.net 52, rue du Cardinal Lemoine F 75231 Paris Cedex 05 Tél. : [33 1] 44 27 10 47 Fax : [33 1] 44 27 11 09 voyelles ‫ى‬ y/î article: al- et l- (même devant les “solaires”) SOMMAIRE Système de translittération………….……….…3 Éditorial………………...…………….………………...…5 Sommaire…………………..………………….……….…7 I – Juillet 2020 MERCREDI 1ER JUILLET 2020 ........................................ 9 JEUDI 2 JUILLET 2020 ................................................. 13 VENDREDI 3 JUILLET 2020 ........................................ 15 SAMEDI 4 JUILLET 2020 ............................................. 15 DIMANCHE 5 JUILLET 2020 ....................................... 17 LUNDI 6 JUILLET 2020................................................ 19 MERCREDI 8 JUILLET 2020 ........................................ 21 JEUDI 9 JUILLET 2020 ................................................. 21 SAMEDI 11 JUILLET 2020 .......................................... 23 DIMANCHE 12 JUILLET 2020..................................... 25 MARDI 14 JUILLET 2020 ............................................ 26 MERCREDI 15 JUILLET 2020 ..................................... 26 JEUDI 16 JUILLET 2020 .............................................. 31 SAMEDI 18 JUILLET 2020 .......................................... 33 LUNDI 20 JUILLET 2020 ............................................. 33 MARDI 21 JUILLET 2020 ............................................ 35 MERCREDI 22 JUILLET 2020 ..................................... 37 VENDREDI 24 JUILLET 2020...................................... 40 SAMEDI 25 JUILLET 2020 .......................................... 40 DIMANCHE 26 JUILLET 2020..................................... 42 LUNDI 27 JUILLET 2020 ............................................. 42 MARDI 28 JUILLET 2020 ............................................ 47 JEUDI 30 JUILLET 2020 .............................................. 48 II – Août 2020 SAMEDI 1ER AOUT 2020 .............................................. 51 DIMANCHE 2 AOUT 2020 ........................................... 52 MARDI 4 AOUT 2020 .................................................. 54 JEUDI 6 AOUT 2020 ..................................................... 55 SAMEDI 8 AOUT 2020 ................................................. 55 DIMANCHE 9 AOUT 2020 ........................................... 56 LUNDI 10 AOUT 2020 ................................................. 58 MARDI 11 AOUT 2020 ................................................ 61 JEUDI 13 AOUT 2020 .................................................. 61 SAMEDI 15 AOUT 2020 .............................................. 63 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 DIMANCHE 16 AOUT 2020 ......................................... 63 LUNDI 17 AOUT 2020 ................................................. 66 MARDI 18 AOUT 2020 ................................................ 67 VENDREDI 21 AOUT 2020 .......................................... 69 SAMEDI 22 AOUT 2020 ............................................... 70 DIMANCHE 23 AOUT 2020 ......................................... 71 LUNDI 24 AOUT 2020 ................................................. 72 MARDI 25 AOUT 2020 ................................................ 73 MERCREDI 26 AOUT 2020 .......................................... 75 JEUDI 27 AOUT 2020 ................................................... 77 SAMEDI 29 AOUT 2020 ............................................... 77 DIMANCHE 30 AOUT 2020 ......................................... 78 LUNDI 31 AOÛT 2020 ................................................. 79 III – Septembre 2020 MARDI 1ER SEPTEMBRE 2020 ..................................... 83 MERCREDI 2 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ................................. 85 JEUDI 3 SEPTEMBRE 2020 .......................................... 85 SAMEDI 5 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 87 DIMANCHE 6 SEPTEMBRE 2020................................. 87 MARDI 8 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ........................................ 88 MERCREDI 9 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ................................. 88 VENDREDI 11 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ............................... 89 DIMANCHE 13 SEPTEMBRE 2020 .............................. 90 MARDI 15 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ..................................... 91 MERCREDI 16 SEPTEMBRE 2020 .............................. 93 JEUDI 17 SEPTEMBRE 2020........................................ 95 SAMEDI 19 SEPTEMBRE 2020.................................... 96 DIMANCHE 20 SEPTEMBRE 2020 .............................. 99 LUNDI 21 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ................................... 103 MARDI 22 SEPTEMBRE 2020 .................................. 103 MERCREDI 23 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ........................... 107 JEUDI 24 SEPTEMBRE 2020..................................... 108 DIMANCHE 27 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ........................... 109 LUNDI 28 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ................................... 109 MARDI 29 SEPTEMBRE 2020 .................................. 111 MERCREDI 30 SEPTEMBRE 2020 ........................... 112 7 Sommaire IV – Octobre 2020 JEUDI 1ER OCTOBRE 2020 ......................................... 114 VENDREDI 2 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................... 114 SAMEDI 3 OCTOBRE 2020 ........................................ 115 DIMANCHE 4 OCTOBRE 2020 .................................. 117 LUNDI 5 OCTOBRE 2020........................................... 117 MARDI 6 OCTOBRE 2020.......................................... 118 MERCREDI 7 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................... 119 JEUDI 8 OCTOBRE 2020 ............................................ 120 VENDREDI 9 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................... 122 SAMEDI 10 OCTOBRE 2020 ..................................... 122 DIMANCHE 11 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................ 124 LUNDI 12 OCTOBRE 2020 ........................................ 125 MARDI 13 OCTOBRE 2020 ....................................... 126 MERCREDI 14 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................ 127 VENDREDI 16 OCTOBRE 2020................................. 128 DIMANCHE 18 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................ 129 LUNDI 19 OCTOBRE 2020 ........................................ 131 MERCREDI 21 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................ 133 JEUDI 22 OCTOBRE 2020 ......................................... 135 VENDREDI 23 OCTOBRE 2020................................. 139 DIMANCHE 25 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................ 139 LUNDI 26 OCTOBRE 2020 ........................................ 142 MARDI 27 OCTOBRE 2020 ....................................... 145 MERCREDI 28 OCTOBRE 2020 ................................ 148 JEUDI 29 OCTOBRE 2020 ......................................... 148 V – Novembre 2020 LUNDI 2 NOVEMBRE 2020 ....................................... 150 MARDI 3 NOVEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 150 MERCREDI 4 NOVEMBRE 2020................................ 153 JEUDI 5 NOVEMBRE 2020 ......................................... 155 VENDREDI 6 NOVEMBRE 2020 ................................ 156 DIMANCHE 8 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................... 160 MARDI 10 NOVEMBRE 2020 ................................... 163 MERCREDI 11 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................. 164 JEUDI 12 NOVEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 167 VENDREDI 13 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................. 168 SAMEDI 14 NOVEMBRE 2020 .................................. 169 DIMANCHE 15 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................ 171 MERCREDI 18 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................. 174 JEUDI 19 NOVEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 176 VENDREDI 20 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................. 177 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 DIMANCHE 22 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................ 178 LUNDI 23 NOVEMBRE 2020 .................................... 179 MARDI 24 NOVEMBRE 2020 ................................... 180 MERCREDI 25 NOVEMBRE 2020............................. 182 JEUDI 26 NOVEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 184 VENDREDI 27 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................. 188 SAMEDI 28 NOVEMBRE 2020 .................................. 190 DIMANCHE 29 NOVEMBRE 2020 ............................ 190 LUNDI 30 NOVEMBRE 2020 .................................... 193 VI – Décembre 2020 MARDI 1ER DECEMBRE 2020.................................... 196 MERCREDI 2 DECEMBRE 2020 ................................ 197 JEUDI 3 DECEMBRE 2020 ......................................... 198 DIMANCHE 6 DECEMBRE 2020 ............................... 199 LUNDI 7 DECEMBRE 2020........................................ 200 MARDI 8 DECEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 202 MERCREDI 9 DECEMBRE 2020 ................................ 203 JEUDI 10 DECEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 204 VENDREDI 11 DECEMBRE 2020.............................. 205 SAMEDI 12 DECEMBRE 2020 .................................. 206 DIMANCHE 13 DECEMBRE 2020............................. 210 LUNDI 14 DECEMBRE 2020 ..................................... 211 MARDI 15 DECEMBRE 2020 .................................... 211 MERCREDI 16 DECEMBRE 2020 ............................. 213 VENDREDI 18 DECEMBRE 2020.............................. 215 SAMEDI 19 DECEMBRE 2020 .................................. 217 DIMANCHE 20 DECEMBRE 2020............................. 219 LUNDI 21 DECEMBRE 2020 ..................................... 220 MARDI 22 DECEMBRE 2020 .................................... 222 MERCREDI 23 DECEMBRE 2020 ............................. 223 JEUDI 24 DECEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 224 VENDREDI 25 DECEMBRE 2020.............................. 227 SAMEDI 26 DECEMBRE 2020 .................................. 230 DIMANCHE 27 DECEMBRE 2020............................. 232 LUNDI 28 DECEMBRE 2020 ..................................... 232 MARDI 29 DECEMBRE 2020 .................................... 233 MERCREDI 30 DECEMBRE 2020 ............................. 234 JEUDI 31 DECEMBRE 2020 ...................................... 235 VII - Who's Who?……………….……………….…236 VIII - Index…………….………………..………….…250 8 I – JUILLET 2020 Mercredi 1er juillet 2020 Ramses II stelae previously uncovered at Sân al-Hagar site Pinterest/Tanin Head of the Central Department for Engineering Affairs, Antiquities and Museum Projects Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ said the sector is constructing a stone wall at Sân al-Hagar, where a distance of more than 1 kilometre, out of a total of 6 kilometres, has been built, as part of the development work in the region. Abû al-‘Ilâ further explained during statements made to the press that the completion of the wall will need a time-span of at least a year, in order to carry out excavation works at the bottom of the fence, so as not to construct the wall on artefacts that may be buried in the ground. Also, Abû al-‘Ilâ pointed out that the construction of the fence is carried out for the purpose of protecting the region, in cooperation with the French side and as part of the Egyptian-French project, with the aim of raising the efficiency of the site, after Europe and the foreign affairs of France agreed to finance the project. Antiquities and the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), to benefit from the experience of the Louvre Museum and many French scientific institutes, especially the University of Montpellier and the Interdisciplinary Center for the Conservation and Restoration of Heritage (CICRP). The Fonds Khéops Fund for Archaeology took part in the project, which is also supported by the French Ministry of Culture. Furthermore, the project includes setting up an interpretation center and providing instructions for visitors, restoring the ancient antique door of Shoshenq III, restoring all the monuments on site, protecting the royal tombs from rainwater, conserving and restoring royal tombs, preparing the royal tombs to receive visitors. This is in addition to creating electronic pages that provides more information and archival pictures of the history of the discoveries, and displays monuments discovered in the royal tombs. (Mustafa Marie, “Excavations carried out in Sân al-Hagar prior to constructing wall”, Egypt Today, July 1, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Fouilles préliminaires à la construction d’un mur d’enceinte autour de la zone archéologique de Sân al-Hagar », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 1er juillet). - - This comes in light of the critical importance of Sân al-Hagar Archaeological City, where French archaeological missions have been operating for nearly 90 years. Abû al-‘Ilâ also stated that in coordination with the French Mission for Excavations in Sân al-Hagar, the implementation of this project has been assigned to the Ministry of BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Après une fermeture totale de plus de trois mois due à la pandémie du coronavirus, les 9 Juillet 2020 musées et les sites archéologiques ouvrent leurs portes à nouveau devant le public, conformément à un plan graduel élaboré par le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie. Aujourd’hui, treize musées et sites historiques accueillent à nouveau les visiteurs dans les gouvernorats du Caire, de Gîza, de Louqsor et d’Aswân. The Temple of Amdâ, dedicated to the gods Amun and Ra-Horakhty, is one of the most important temples in Nubia. It dates back to 18th Dynasty, when the core of the temple was built by Kings Thutmose III (c.1479–1425 BC) and Amenhotep II (c.1427– 1400 BC), and King Thutmose IV (c.1400–1390 BC) built the hypostyle hall in front of it. To enjoy the tour, please use the following URL: https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=wpdMtL 8MgHG La liste préliminaire des sites rouverts englobe le musée de la Nubie à Aswân, le musée de Louqsor, le Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr, le musée d’Art islamique et le musée Copte. À cela s’ajoutent les temples d’Abû Simbil et de Philae, ceux de Karnak, de Louqsor et d’al-Dayr al-Baharî, les tombes de la vallée des Rois, le plateau de Gîza, ainsi que la citadelle du Caire. Sachant que d’autres sites avaient déjà repris du service fin juin dernier. Il s’agit des musées d’Hurghada, de Marsa Matrûh, des Bijoux royaux en Alexandrie et de la citadelle de Qâytbây. (Amâl Raslân, « Réouverture aujourd’hui de certains musées et sites archéologiques », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er juillet 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce la réouverture de 5 musées et de 8 sites archéologiques », alAhrâm, 1er juillet ; Shams Yûnis, « Après 100 jours de fermeture, les touristes affluent sur les temples de Louqsor », Sada al-Balad, 1er juillet ; Mahmûd Mullâ, « Réjouissance à Louqsor et Aswân pour la réouverture des sites archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 juillet). - (…) This virtual Tour is made in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities and Virtual Mid East. (“Enjoy virtual tour for the Temple of Amdâ”, Egypt Today, July 1st, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance une visite virtuelle du temple d’Amdâ, le plus ancien en Nubie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er juillet ; ‘Umar alMahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie met en ligne une nouvelle visite virtuelle du temple d’Amdâ, l’un des plus importants en Nubie », al-Ahrâm, 1er juillet). - - Les travaux de réaménagement de l’aqueduc du Vieux-Caire ont commencé dans le cadre d’un plan visant à ressusciter la valeur historique de la capitale. Des déblais accumulés depuis de longues années ont été retirés. Plus de mille tanneries ont été rasées ainsi que des habitations insalubres et anarchiques. 780 familles ont été relogées dans la cité Badr. - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 10 Juillet 2020 folkloriques, une bibliothèque publique, un centre pour la musique traditionnelle et le chant religieux, ainsi qu’une scène pour les représentations théâtrales et de divertissement. La première phase de réaménagement s’étend sur une superficie de 16 feddans situés derrière l’aqueduc sur un total de 90 feddans. Les travaux de cette première phase englobent la création de : restaurants, cafétérias, bazars touristiques, hôtels, amphithéâtre et espaces verts. Une compagnie de BTP, choisie par le ministère de l’Habitat, a entrepris la délimitation de cette zone, après le retrait des déchets et des gravats accumulés. Des relevés topographiques et des creusements des fondations ont commencé. Cette première phase du projet verra la mise en place de bâtiments du style islamique ainsi que des marchés divers destinés à la vente des produits artisanaux. Une zone culturelle sera aménagée grâce à la création d’un théâtre fermé, d’un amphithéâtre et d’une salle de cinéma. À cela s’ajoutent des fontaines, des hôtels, des cafés, des restaurants et des zones de divertissement. Le secteur culturel et artistique sera destiné à abriter des expositions, des représentations BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le directeur du projet, Muhammad Dusûqî, a souligné que le pouvoir exécutif suit de près l’avancement des travaux. Rappelant que cette zone constituait auparavant le plus grand foyer de pollution au Caire avec plus de mille tanneries, ateliers et usines qui ont été transférés vers la ville industrielle al-Rûbaykî. Ce transfert a dégagé la zone qui sera intégralement replanifiée et exploitée touristiquement. (Sayyid al-Khalafâwî, « Le gouvernement lance la ressuscitation de l’aqueduc du Caire. Les tanneries cèdent la place aux restaurants, aux théâtres et aux espaces verts », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er juillet 2020. Voir également ‘Alâ’ Sarhân, « Destruction de 92 % des bâtiments situés dans le secteur de l’aqueduc », al-Masrî alYawm, 15 juillet). - - Director General of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq said the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is currently working on developing an electronic reservation application for tickets to visit archaeological sites and museums. The first phase will include the most visited sites nationwide, most importantly the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. ‘Abd al-Râziq made the statements after Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al‘Inânî reopened the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr on July 1. (“E-booking to be available to visitors of museums, archaeological sites”, Egypt Today, July 1st, 2020). 11 Juillet 2020 - - palace following inauguration”, Independent, July 1st, 2020). - Approximately 700 people, including media correspondents from US, German, French, Chinese, Japanese, English, and Russian TV stations and newspapers, toured the recently opened Baron Empain Palace on Wednesday following its Monday inauguration. The opening comes after the end of a renovation project to convert the palace into a museum narrating the history of Heliopolis. Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî extended the palace’s opening hours from nine am to six pm in response to strong public interest. Egypt - Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn, director general of the Haram [Pyramids] Antiquities Region, said during the reopening of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr on July 1 that the reopening of the pyramids area sends a message to the world that the region is ready to receive visitors after taking all the precautionary measures approved by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to avoid the spread of the novel coronavirus. Due to precautionary measures against the coronavirus by the tourism ministry, al-‘Inânî said that only 900 tickets will be sold per day through mid-July, with a maximum of 100 visitors allowed each day. After mid-July the number of tickets sold will fall to 700 per day, with the palace’s operating hours returning to nine am to four pm. A maximum of 10 visitors are allowed in each palace hall, while a maximum of 15 visitors is allowed in the roof’s panorama area. A tour of the palace building will take no more than 45 minutes. Informational signs at the palace about health safety requirements that must be followed when visiting have been installed, alongside multimedia displays of pictures and documentaries on the palace, and the streets, buildings, shops, transportation and other aspects of life in Heliopolis at the time. (“Around 700 visitors tour Baron Empain BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 According to Muhyî al-Dîn, the sterilization process at the area will start daily at 7 a.m. prior to receiving any visitors, temperatures of both staff workers and visitors will be measured and the Ministry of Health and Population will be notified of any infection or suspected case. Visitors can enjoy the area from 8a.m. to 4 p.m. He explained that guidelines and billboards had been put in place to remind staff members and visitors to apply the rules of social distancing and wearing masks throughout working hours, noting that only 10-15 visitors will be allowed to visit any 12 Juillet 2020 pyramid or ancient cemetery from the inside, depending on its area. the ISESCO Heritage Portal and the ISESCO digital house. A virtual meeting has been decided on to discuss setting up new mechanisms to combat illegal trafficking in cultural property. Egyptian President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî in April moved to delay the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum and the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, alongside plans to relocate the state apparatus to the New Administrative Capital until 2021. He further pointed out that during its closure, the area of the ancient pyramids has been sterilized periodically, and all monuments in the area have been maintained. (Mustafa Marie, “Strict precautionary measures to be implemented at Pyramids Antiquities Region”, Egypt Today, July 1st, 2020). - - Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî on Tuesday met via video conference with the Director General of the Islamic World Organization for Education, Science and Culture (ISESCO), Salem bin Mohamed Al-Malik, to discuss registering the Grand Egyptian Museum on the organization’s modern architectural heritage list. An Egyptian presidency statement confirmed these delays are a consequence of the coronavirus outbreak and the measures to contain it locally and globally. This decision also includes postponing planned events and the openings of major national projects planned for this year, the statement added. (“Egypt requests listing Grand Egyptian Museum with ISESCO”, Egypt Independent, July 1st, 2020. Voir également Amal Gamâl, « al-‘Inânî et Al-Malik examinent le renforcement de la coopération entre l’Égypte et l’ISESCO », Watanî, 1er juillet). - - Jeudi 2 juillet 2020 The meeting also discussed enhancing cooperation between Egypt and the ISESCO in the archaeological field, combating illegal trafficking in cultural property and finalizing the registration of Egyptian sites in the World Heritage List. al-‘Inânî and Malik agreed to exchange expertise in archaeological work and to utilize experts from both sides to organize training courses for Islamic antiquity restorers in regards to the conservation, documentation, registration, protection and restoration of antiquities, especially with the Grand Egyptian Museum’s restoration center. al-‘Inânî also agreed with Malik’s request to display the ministry’s virtual tours launched on social media in the past few months, through BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Writer Shirîf ‘Abd al-Magîd made an appeal to save Ahmad Hishmat Palace, an abandoned palace located in Zamâlik, in order to preserve Egypt’s architectural and cultural heritage. ‘Abd al-Magîd hopes for the palace to turn into a museum of the cultural heritage of the Khedival architecture in Cairo, with a hall dedicated to photographs of Egypt in the 19th and 20th centuries. 13 Juillet 2020 ‘Abd al-Magîd explained that the palace is located on Ahmad Hishmat Pasha Street. Ahmad Hishmat Pasha was born in 1885 in Kafr Musilha in al-Munûfiyya. He was a lawyer, who studied in France and took up the position of minister in the Ministry of Education as well as several other Egyptian ministries and died in 1926. According to ‘Abd al-Magîd, the palace is decorated with sculptures and statues and belongs to the Baroque architectural style. The palace has not been renovated for many years and might be at risk of collapse at any moment. The palace is also distinguished by the presence of a large tower that overlooks Zamâlik district. Despite the small size of the palace, it is characterized by a unique aesthetic appearance. Muhammad Abû Si‘da stated that Ahmad Hishmat Pasha Palace is registered in the lists of antique buildings and not the lists of heritage buildings, and thus the Ministry of Antiquities is responsible for it. Therefore, it is subject to greater protection as per the Antiquities Law. (“Egypt’s Civilization Coordination Authority clarifies situation of Ahmad Hishmat Palace in Zamâlik”, Egypt Today, July 2, 2020). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le président du secteur des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives, Dr Usâma Tal‘at, a annoncé que le palais Ahmad Hishmat, situé dans la rue du même nom à Zamâlik, n’est pas du tout enregistré sur la liste du patrimoine et ne figure pas dans la base de données du ministère de l’Archéologie. Par conséquent, ledit ministère n’a aucun droit de supervision sur ce palais. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie : Le palais Ahmad Hishmat ne figure pas sur la liste du patrimoine », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 juillet 2020). - - The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) received seven artefacts from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo’s Tahrîr Square amid tightened security measures and under the supervision of Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, supervisor-general of the GEM project. Among the artefacts, which date back to different historical eras, are the stone coffin of King Ramses II, a statute of Amenemhat III and a limestone-made drawing of King Akhenaton, Muftâh said. 14 Juillet 2020 The exterior architecture of the museum echoes the Gîza Pyramids, which are located nearby. Triangular glass panels let the sunlight in through incredibly high ceilings, housing approximately 100,000 ancient Egyptian artefacts over the country’s rich history. GEM will feature items ranging from the pre-history period to the Greco-Roman period, with the Tutankhamun collection being the star attraction and museum centrepiece. The museum will house 100,000 pieces from Pharaonic, Greek and Roman eras, with nearly 7,000 square meters designated for Tutankhamun treasures. Five million people are expected to visit it annually. The museum was set to open in 2015, but due to security chaos in the country following the January revolution in 2011, construction works have been delayed several times. antiques arrivent au GEM pour exposées », Sada al-Balad, 2 juillet). - y être - Vendredi 3 juillet 2020 De nos jours, beaucoup de gens sont obsédés par l’enrichissement facile et rapide. D’où l’engouement pour les fouilles archéologiques illicites qui, en fait, ne sont qu’un mirage menant soit à la mort soit à la prison. On observe une croissance phénoménale du trafic archéologique et des fouilles clandestines. Selon les statistiques du Centre national pour les recherches sociales et criminologiques, on compte près de 2 000 infractions annuelles ayant été sanctionnées par les tribunaux. Pas plus tard qu’aujourd’hui, les forces de sécurité ont mis en examen deux individus pour fouilles illicites à Louqsor. Ce fait divers a conduit à la découverte d’une extension ptolémaïque du temple d’Isnâ. Le premier puits creusé sur une longueur de 3 m au nordest du temple a mis au jour une paroi en grès décorée de bas-reliefs colorés et d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques. Quant au second puits qui s’étend sur une longueur de 2 m au sud du temple, il mène à un couloir décoré et portant le nom de Ptolémée, ainsi qu’une représentation de la déesse Neith. (Ahmad Mansûr, « L’engouement pour les fouilles clandestines mène à des découvertes archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 juillet 2020). - - Samedi 4 juillet 2020 It is likely to be inaugurated in 2021. (MENA, “GEM receives seven heavy artefacts from Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, July 2, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le GEM réceptionne de grosses pièces archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Arrivée au GEM de grosses pièces archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 2 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « 7 grandes pièces BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 15 Juillet 2020 Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities released cultural book entitled ‘‘Heliopolis Tale’’ in both Arabic and English on the sidelines of the inauguration of ‘‘Heliopolis, sun city’’ exhibition in Baron Palace. Secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said that the exhibition displays 293 artefacts that were recovered from the cities Heracleion and Canopus in the eastern port of Alexandria and the port of Abûqîr. “Sunken Cities: The Enchanting World of Egypt” exhibition houses as well two huge statues of Isis and Serapis as well as statues of a Sphinx and some ornaments and household items. Assistant minister of Tourism and Antiquities Nevine Nizâr said that this booklet is divided into two parts. The first section includes historical events and dialogue between the main figures who founded Heliopolis district, and the second section includes new information and unknown scientific facts about the palace and the Heliopolis’s history. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities releases ‘Heliopolis Tale’ booklet narrating Baron Palace history”, Egypt Today, July 4, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie lance une plaquette en arabe et en anglais intitulée Histoire d’Héliopolis », al-Ahrâm, 3 juillet ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie édite une plaquette intitulée Histoire d’Héliopolis », Watanî, 3 juillet). - The artefacts that are displayed in the exhibition are not dating back to the Pharaonic periods only, but some belong to the Ptolemaic and Roman times as well. Wazîrî pointed out that the exhibition’s working hours is from 9 am to 10 pm and scheduled to continue until January 2021. Only 35 visitors are received every 15 minutes, this comes because of the precautionary measures taken by the museum administration to organize the visit to the exhibition in accordance with international health safety standards. - “Sunken Cities: The Enchanting World of Egypt” exhibition was inaugurated on July 3. The exhibition is now seeing a fourth touring round in the United States. The exhibition of sunken Egyptian antiquities which is located at Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is dating back to different historical periods. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 16 Juillet 2020 These Egyptian sunken artefacts are most probably found in Alexandria at certain archaeological sites, such as Abûqîr Port, Qâytbây Castle, and the Ma‘mûra Gulf, but there are also a considerable number of sunken treasures hidden beneath the surface of the Nile in Aswân and near Khufu Port in Gîza. In 2015 “Sunken Cities: The Enchanting World of Egypt” exhibition was first opened at the Arab World Institute of France under the title “Osiris… the secrets of sunken Egypt”, and then transferred to the British Museum in England. The first tour ended with an exhibition in Switzerland. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s sunken treasures exhibition was inaugurated at Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in US on Jul.3”, Egypt Today, July 4, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Inauguration au Virginia Museum of Fine Arts de l’exposition sur les villes englouties », Sada al-Balad, 3 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Isis et le sphinx exposés au Sunken Cities: The Enchanting World of Egypt aux USA », alAhrâm, 3 juillet ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Inauguration du Sunken Cities: The Enchanting World of Egypt au Virginia Museum of Fine Arts », Watanî, 3 juillet ; Basant Gamîl, « Exposition d’antiquités égyptiennes au Virginia Museum of Fine Arts », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 juillet). - After years of closure the museum will reopen its doors to visitors to admire the exquisite royal carriages of members of the Muhammad ‘Alî family. Restoration and development work at the museum are in full swing and will be completed soon. The reopening will come within the upcoming 60 days. As Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî embarked on his inspection tour, some 98 percent of restoration work has been completed and the museum edifice is now ready to reopen. al-‘Inânî’s tour included visiting the building, various galleries, and inspecting the restoration lab. al-‘Inânî pointed out that the project for the restoration of this museum cost about EGP 63 million, showing the Egyptian government’s support for Egyptian antiquities. - Dimanche 5 juillet 2020 Hishâm Samîr, assistant to the minister for architectural affairs, explained that the museum building, which was in a very poor condition, was rehabilitated, the walls and foundations consolidated, and facades and decorative elements restored. New lighting and security systems were installed. The restoration work started in 2001 but was halted. The work resumed in 2017. Egypt’s minister of Tourism and Antiquities inspected Sunday the final touches of the Royal Carriages Museum restoration project ahead of an anticipated reopening soon to the public. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Nevine Nizâr, assistant to the minister of Antiquities for museum affairs, said the museum put on show a collection of royal carriages along with accessories and clothes of the horse guards. 17 Juillet 2020 Experts and veterinarians were brought from across the world to take care of the horses. Valuable cars from world-class brands like Citroen, Ford and Cadillac were also exhibited. The items are distributed across five halls. The first hall exhibits the chariot that French Empress Eugenie gifted to Khedive Ismâ‘îl on the occasion of the official opening of the Suez Canal, while the second hall displays rare types of chariots known as Alay and Half-Alay. Nizâr said the third hall is the core of the museum and displays ceremonial chariots that were used by royal family members in wedding and funerary occasions, and for promenades. Painted portraits depicting members of the royal family are also exhibited. The fourth hall is dedicated to the uniforms of chevaliers and horse riders, while the fifth and last hall shows accessories used to decorate the chariots and horses, such as horseshoes, bridles and saddles. The museum was established during the reign of Khedive Ismâ‘îl. At first it was called the Department of the Khedive Carriages. The name was later modified to the Management of the Royal Stables. After the 1952 revolution, the building was named the Royal Carriages Museum. The museum was originally created not only to display royal carriages, but also the horses of Khedive Ismâ‘îl and those owned by members of the royal family. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 In 1969, Cairo governorate took around three quarters of the museum and transformed it into a garage. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s Royal Carriages Museum to reopen soon after years of closure”, Ahram Online, July 5, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte aujourd’hui le musée des Carrosses royaux », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 juillet ; Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister: Royal Carriages Museum to be restored in a month”, Egypt Today, July 5 ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce l’inauguration dans un mois du musée des Carrosses royaux », al-Masrî alYawm, 5 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî inspecte le musée des Carrosses royaux », alAhrâm, 5 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie : Le réaménagement du musée des Carrosses royaux a coûté 63 millions L.E. », Sada alBalad, 5 juillet ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le musée des Carrosses royaux », Watanî, 5 juillet). - - In the light of the resumption of the inbound tourism to Egypt as of July 1, and after the arrival of a number of Ukrainian and Belarusian tourists, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî convened on July 5 with the Ukrainian and Belarusian ambassadors to Cairo. 18 Juillet 2020 During the convention, ways of enhancing cooperation with Ukraine and Belarus, especially in the field of tourism and antiquities, were discussed. Lundi 6 juillet 2020 For his part, Egypt’s minister of Tourism and Antiquities reviewed the precautionary measures placed by the ministry to ensure the health and safety of all visitors and workers in the tourism sector, with the resumption of tourism to Egypt. al-‘Inânî affirmed that Egypt welcomed its first guests upon resuming inbound flights to Egypt in the governorates of the Red Sea and South Sinai from the countries of Ukraine and Belarus, as well as Switzerland, referring to the serious precautionary measures and health standards that Egypt is applying in hotels and resorts in coastal governorates, namely the Red Sea, South Sinai and Marsa Matrûh. For his part, the ambassador of Ukraine in Cairo praised the health care Egypt provided to the Ukrainian citizen who was infected with COVID-19 in Sharm al-Shaykh, where she received full treatment until she recovered. The Ukrainian ambassador also proposed signing a number of cooperation agreements between Egypt and Ukraine in the field of tourism and archaeology. Meanwhile, the Belarusian ambassador to Cairo affirmed his country’s keenness to increase the movement of foreign tourism to Egypt from Belarus. The booklet produced by Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities for children – Official page/Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities The Department of Cultural Development and Community Communication of Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities issued a booklet acquainting children with the Baron Palace in Heliopolis district and the restoration work that has been carried in the palace. Rashâ Kamâl, the general manager of the department, stated that this booklet is for children aged 6 – 9. It falls in the pre-visit book classification, which is a simulation of international museum programs. It will be distributed to children in preparation for visiting the palace to form a sense of excitement prior to their visit. The booklet acquaints the children with the great effort exerted by the Egyptian state to restore the historical palace, encouraging them to learn about their country’s history and heritage and to protect it. It will also include some colouring activities and puzzles. It is worth mentioning that Egypt had received inbound flights from Belarus, Ukraine and Switzerland to the cities of Sharm alShaykh and Hurghada in the first 48 hours of the resumption of flights to Egypt on July 1. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s tourism & antiquities Minister discusses cooperation in tourism, antiquities with Ukraine, Belarus ambassadors”, Egypt Today, July 5, 2020). - Kamâl further pointed out that in light of the ministry’s endeavour to raise children’s BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 19 Juillet 2020 awareness, part of the book has been devoted to tourism guidelines, to teach children the basics of dealing with tourists, urging them to act as ambassadors for their country. Furthermore, an activation code for the ministry’s website has also been included in the booklet. The child can, through the mobile phone, visit the site and follow the various programs and activities. Khalîl, professeur d’archéologie sous-marine à la faculté de Lettres université d’Alexandrie, a achevé sa cinquième campagne de relevés archéologiques sous-marins dans la zone de Marsa Bâgûsh, située sur la côte nord-ouest. The administration has also organized an educational program on June 6 in cooperation with the Baron Palace team and the Ability Research Center for children at the elementary and preparatory levels, including mute children and children with hearing impairment. The precautions necessary to preserve the health and safety of children have been taken into account by alerting them to wear masks, reduce numbers, and maintain social distancing during the guided tour. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Ministry issues booklet for children about Baron Palace”, Egypt Today, July 6, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie encourage les enfants à visiter le palais Empain », al-Masrî alYawm, 6 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie édite un livret sur le palais Empain à l’attention des enfants », Sada al-Balad, 6 juillet ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie édite un livret sur le palais Empain à l’attention des enfants », Watanî, 6 juillet). - Au cours de cette campagne, 50 plongées ont été réalisées à une profondeur de 10 à 14 mètres. Plusieurs pièces antiques ont été découvertes et enregistrées parmi lesquelles 28 ancres fabriquées de différents styles et matières (pierre, plomb et fer). La mission a également mis au jour une grande collection de de contenants en céramique indiquant l’emplacement à proximité d’une épave de navire. Sept amphores datant du Ier au Ve siècles ont été repêchées, en vue de leur exposition dans le musée d’Alexandrie. - La mission du Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cutural Heritage (CMAUCH), présidée par Dr ‘Imâd BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Marsa Bâgûsh, connu anciennement sous le nom de Ladamantia, est l’un des ports naturels les plus importants sur la côte nordouest. Il est mentionné dans plusieurs sources historiques anciens. Les vestiges mis au jour par la mission indiquent que cette zone était en service du IVe siècle av. J.-C. jusqu’au XIXe siècle. La mission du CMAUCH y mène des activités depuis 2015, en coopération avec le département des antiquités sous-marines du 20 Juillet 2020 ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie. Elle bénéficie également du soutien financier de la Honor Frost Foundation. (Ragab Ramadân, « Découverte sur la côte nord de 28 ancres et de 7 amphores datant du Ier siècle », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 6 juillet 2020). - - The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities released a video in English and Arabic conveying the importance of the river Nile to Egypt and the Egyptians throughout the ages. The river Nile is considered the "vein of life" to Egypt. Egypt is the gift of the Nile. The video also explains the fatal dangers Ethiopia’s dam (GERD) can inflict on life in Egypt. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities releases video conveying the importance of the river Nile to Egypt”, Egypt Today, July 6, 2020). - - Within the framework of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ plan to gradually open sites and museums, with the resumption of tourism movement to Egypt as of July 1, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said reopened museums and archaeological sites in Upper Egypt will receive visitors daily from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. It is worth noting that the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has selected five museums and eight archaeological sites for reopening as of July 1, with the resumption of the inbound tourist movement to Egypt. These include the Nubia Museum, Luxor Museum, the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, the Museum of Islamic Art, the Coptic Museum, the temples of Abû Simbil and Philae in Aswân, the Karnak Temples, Luxor Temple, Dayr al-Baharî Temple, the Tombs of the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, the Gîza Pyramids area, and the Salâh al-Dîn Citadel in Cairo. In addition, some museums and archaeological sites have been reopened to the public before the end of June 2020. These include the Matrûh Museum and Rommel BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Cave in Matrûh Governorate, the Royal Jewellery Museum and Citadel of Qâytbây in Alexandria. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities announces working hours for museums, archaeological sites in Upper Egypt”, Egypt Today, July 6, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Ouverture des musées et des sites archéologiques en Haute-Égypte de 9 à 13 heures », Sada al-Balad, 5 juillet). - - Mercredi 8 juillet 2020 Le directeur général des antiquités de Qinâ, Ayman Hindî, a confirmé que quatre individus ont trouvé la mort lors de fouilles archéologiques clandestines effectuées sous une habitation dans le gouvernorat. Le propriétaire de cette maison a fait appel à des gros bras ainsi qu’à un charlatan, afin de lui préciser l’emplacement exact du trésor archéologique caché soi-disant dans les fondations. Résultat : ils sont tous morts étouffés y compris le charlatan. Ayman Hindî a dénoncé l’emprise des charlatans sur les mentalités des gens obnubilés par l’enrichissement rapide. Ces escrocs persuadent les gens de l’existence de trésors archéologiques enfouis sous leurs maisons et leur soutirent des grosses sommes d’argent pour leur indiquer où creuser. « Chaque semaine, on nous signale des fouilles illicites effectuées parfois dans des lieux reculés. Généralement, les fouilleurs trouvent la mort soit étouffés par manque d’oxygène soit enfouis sous les éboulis », conclut le directeur général des antiquités de Qinâ. (Mahmûd Muhsin, « Le directeur général des antiquités de Qinâ : Essor des fouilles clandestines sous les habitations à cause des charlatans », Sada al-Balad, 8 juillet 2020). - - Jeudi 9 juillet 2020 As part of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ plan to complete several archaeological projects in preparation for 21 Juillet 2020 opening them, the ministry began the restoration of al-Sakâkînî Palace, to open it for visitors in 2020. A group of distinguished restorers were assigned to work on the palace as well as various other archaeological sites. al-Sakâkînî Palace was built 119 years ago. It was owned, as the name implies, by alSakâkînî Pasha who passed away in 1923. One of al-Sakâkînî’s heirs, a doctor who worked in the palace, gifted the palace to the Egyptian Ministry of Health. In 1961, the Health Education Museum was moved from ‘Âbidîn to the al-Sakâkînî Palace. Then, the museum was moved from the palace, and eventually was placed under the control of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. The palace houses a collection of unique artefacts, in addition to the Durrat al-Tâg statue and the remains of a unique crocodile statue. The palace is decorated with figures of girls and children, whose original colour has faded away, in addition to statues made of marble. al-Sakâkînî Palace contains more than fifty rooms and five floors. The palace has more than 400 windows and doors and 300 statues, including a half-statue of Habîb Pasha alSakâkînî at the top of the main entrance to the palace. but slowly due to the nature of the palace and the accuracy of the work. According to Abû al-‘Ilâ, the palace is scheduled to officially open in 2020. Furthermore, Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâsit, director of the Historic Cairo Development Project, said that examining the studies submitted by the Consultative Office for the Restoration of al-Sakâkînî Palace is also currently underway. New files are added regarding the reemployment of the palace according to its construction nature. The studies tackle architectural and structural aspects, careful restoration, and the re-employment of the building. “After studying and examining the submitted proposals, the 119-year-old alSakâkînî Palace will be assigned to a company, under the supervision of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities,” said ‘Abd al-Bâsit. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s al-Sakâkînî Palace, another cultural gem to be reopened in 2020”, Egypt Today, July 9, 2020. Voir également Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie lance un projet de restauration du palais al-Sakâkînî », al-Shurûq, 2 juillet). - - The palace also contains a basement, and its pillars are surrounded by four towers, each of which is crowned by a small dome. The basement is six degrees below the ground and has three spacious halls, four living rooms, four toilets, two rooms. It has no special decorations as it was designated for servants and kitchens. On what is being done in the palace, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ, head of the Projects Sector at the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, said in press statements that restoration works are currently taking place in the palace using the latest scientific materials and methods. Abû al-‘Ilâ further stated that construction work is carried out in the al-Sakâkînî Palace, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities reopened a number of archaeological museums after they had been closed since March 2020 due to the COVID-19 epidemic. The reopening took place early July 2020, and visitors flocked to these sites. ET reviews the procedures and the number of individuals allowed during visits. 22 Juillet 2020 A total of five museums and eight archaeological sites have been reopened to receive the public in various parts of Egypt, coinciding with the resumption of the inbound tourist movement to Egypt, and in preparation for the gradual opening thereafter. Archaeological sites and museums are sterilized daily before they open for visits, under the supervision of a team of restorers, secretaries and antiquities inspectors. Temperature of employees is measured daily, temperature of visitors is measured prior to entry, social distancing is applied, and wearing face masks and gloves is obligatory. How is social distancing applied? By placing stickers on the ground to mark appropriate spaces between visitors in rows, in addition to determining the appropriate number of visitors in each site according to its nature. A group of visitors must not exceed 25 individuals, until further notice. What is the maximum number of visitors in the same location? BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr: 200 visitors per hour. Other Museums: 100 visitors per hour. Ten to fifteen visitors only are allowed per visit to the inside of any pyramid or ancient cemetery according to its area. The tour guide must commit to wearing a face mask at all times, and to communicate with visitors using the speakers in the museum. Headsets must be sterilized after each use. Touristic companies must provide face masks for visitors and their accompanying guides. Universities and government agencies must notify archaeological sites and museums 48 hours before the date of the visit, provided that the number of individuals per trip does not exceed 15 individuals with each supervisor. A maximum of five school trips are allowed per day. (Mustafa Marie, “What is the allowed number of visitors to Egypt’s museums and archaeological sites?”, Egypt Today, July 9, 2020). - - Samedi 11 juillet 2020 In preparation for the imminent opening of the Sharm al-Shaykh Museum in the South Sinai Governorate, several signs and billboards have been installed along the main roads leading to the museum, according to a statement by the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry. 23 Juillet 2020 Approximately 98 percent of the museum’s civil protection and construction work has been completed, the statement said. These banners were produced in cooperation with the Al-Ahram Agency for Advertising and South Sinai authorities, said the Assistant Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Investment and Financial Resources Development Îmân Zaydân. Featuring the museum’s name in Arabic and English, these signs are accompanied by photographs showcasing some of the museum’s distinctive pieces and also the roads leading to it for ease of direction, she added. Dalia Khattâb, the minister’s advisor for the development of archaeological areas, explained that guiding panels and brochures for the museum and its artefacts are in development, alongside various other digital services. governorates such as Alexandria, Ismâ‘îliyya, Banî Swayf and Aswân. Some of the most important collections displayed in the museum, according to the minister’s advisor for the museum exhibit, Mahmûd Mabrûk, are the inner and outer sarcophagus of Eastum Khub, the wife of Banjam II and the priestess of gods Isis, Maine and Horus in Akhmîm under the 21st Dynasty. Other artefacts include various canopic utensils and cosmetic tools, a statue of the head of Queen Hatshepsut found in 1926, and a group of tanagra statues portraying women in various styles of clothing. The museum’s great hall meanwhile displays the humans and wildlife of Ancient Egypt, and showcases the interest the ancients held in science, sports, industry and crafting. Displayed artefacts there include a group of taxidermized animals such as cats, scarabs, baboons, crocodiles and falcons. She said that other services will be provided for people with special needs, such as brochures written in Braille. The museum includes six exhibition halls and an administrative building, a cafeteria, a food court, a building for bazaars, antique craft shops, an open-air theatre, and a staff rest building. The head of the Museums Sector, Mu’min ‘Uthmân, said that the museum has received various antiquities from different artefact warehouses and archaeological areas in BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Last year, the head of the Projects Sector at Egypt’s Antiquities Ministry, Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ announced that the Sharm al-Shaykh Museum will be inaugurated at the beginning of the next year, at a total cost of LE1.2 billion for both the first and second phases. al-Bursa newspaper reported Abû al-‘Ilâ saying on Monday that the cost of the first phase of the project is LE600 million, 80 percent of which has been completed. Abû al‘Ilâ expected the first stage to be completed 24 Juillet 2020 during the next few days, with the second phase being completed at a cost of LE600 million by the end of 2019. (“Banners promoting Sharm al-Shaykh Museum pop up at city’s streets”, Egypt Independent, July 11, 2020. Voir également Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Sharm al-Shaykh museum billboards in the streets prior to its inauguration”, Egypt Today, July 10). - - Dimanche 12 juillet 2020 Period, 21st-22nd Dynasty, circa 1070712 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £10,000 - 15,000 or US$12,600 18,900. 5- An Egyptian bronze Amun statue dating back to the Third intermediate Period, circa 1069-664 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £7,000 10,000 or US$8,820 - 12,600. 6- An Egyptian Steatite Theophorous dating back to Late Period, 27th Dynasty, circa 525-404 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £ 20,000 30,000 or US$25,200 - 37,800. 7- An Egyptian bronze Harpocrates dating back to Late Period, circa 664-332 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £7,000 - 9,000 or US$8,820 - 11,340. One of the Egyptian artifacts held for sale in Christie’s - ET Christie’s Auction House is preparing for an international auction for various Roman and Egyptian antiquities on July 6-27. The auction will be held online, due to social-distancing measures as a means to battle the novel coronavirus. The following Egyptian antiquities will be auctioned: 1- An Egyptian anhydrite cosmetic jar and lid dating back to the Middle Kingdom, 11th -12th dynasty, circa 2046-1794 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £1,500 - 2,500 or US$1,890 - 3,150. 2- An Egyptian wood shabti for Sety I dating back to the New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, reign of Sety I , 1290-1279 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £6,000 - 8,000 or US $7,560 - 10,080 USD. 3- An Egyptian bronze Atum, dating back to the New Kingdom19th Dynasty, circa 1292-1185 B.C with an estimate selling price of £15,000 - 20,000 or 18,900 – US$25,200. 4- An Egyptian bronze Situla statue dating back to the Third Intermediate BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 8- An Egyptian bronze Ptah, dating back to the Late Period, circa 664-332 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £8,000 - 12,000 or US$10,080 - 15,120 USD. 9- An Egyptian bronze Bastet dating back to the Late Period, circa 664-332 B.C. with an estimated selling price of £3,000 - 5,000 GBP or US$3,780 6,300. (Angy Essam, “Egyptian antiquities to be auctioned at Christie’s on July 6-27”, Egypt Today, July 12, 2020). - - Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Minister of Civil Aviation Muhammad Manâr visited the Cairo International Airport Museum in Terminal 2 to inspect the latest developments in preparation for its opening. This took place upon the ministers’ arrival at Cairo International Airport on July 11 after the end of their visit to South Sinai. The two ministers instructed to make some modifications to the museum’s hall, which has an area of approximately 120 meters, in preparation for receiving the artefacts and display cases. 25 Juillet 2020 Port Sa‘îd organized a tour that included visiting the most important tourist and archaeological sites in the city. These sites include Saint Eugenie Catholic Church, the oldest church for Catholic doctrine in Port Sa‘îd; the ancient Port Sa‘îd Lighthouse; and the base of the Ferdinand de Lesseps statue. The ministers during the inspection tour - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official page The museum included about 100 artefacts, carefully chosen by the High Commission for Museums Display Scenarios from a number of Egyptian museums to reflect the different aspects of Egyptian civilization in Pharaonic, Islamic and Coptic eras. The artefacts include mummies decorated with gilded cartoons and colourful drawings that were in the stores of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, in addition to a set of canopic vessels, a bronze statue of winged Isis, statues from the Greek and Roman eras from the Suez National Museum and some pieces of fabric and carpets from the Islamic Museum and others. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities inspects Cairo Int. Airport Museum on July 11”, Egypt Today, July 12, 2020. Voir également Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Les ministres de l’Archéologie et de l’Aviation inspectent le musée de l’aéroport du Caire en vue de son inauguration », Sada al-Balad, 11 juillet ; ‘Âdil Fu’âd, « Les ministres de l’Archéologie et de l’Aviation inspectent le musée de l’aéroport du Caire », Watanî, 11 juillet). - - Mardi 14 juillet 2020 Within the framework of Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities keenness on raising tourism and archaeological awareness among citizens and introducing them to the civilizational and cultural heritage of Egypt, which contributes to the revitalization of the internal tourism movement, the Egyptian General Authority for Tourism Promotion in BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The representatives of the office also answered the delegation’s inquiries, and provided the necessary information about the path of the Holy Family’s flight in Egypt. In a related context, the General Authority’s office in Matrûh Governorate organized a tourist trip to the Matrûh Archaeology Museum, during which a contest was held for visitors and prizes, souvenirs, and educational publications were distributed. For her part, Îmân Mahmûd, head of the Internal Tourism Sector in the authority explained that a series of these awareness tours has been organized in a number of governorates through the internal offices of the authority, in cooperation with many governmental and private institutions, noting that these tours target different segments of society, especially young people and those with special needs. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organizes several educational trips in various governorates”, Egypt Today, July 14, 2020). - - Mercredi 15 juillet 2020 Due to the high turnout witnessed by the Baron Empain Palace, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities decided to extend the exceptional visiting hours to the palace. The visiting time is 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. and will remain that way until further notice. General-Secretary of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said in press statements on Wednesday that the opening hours of the palace was 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., but due to the high turnout of visitors the ministry decided to extend the closing time to 6 p.m. in order to cater to the high demand. 26 Juillet 2020 Wazîrî further explained that only 900 tickets will be sold per day for a maximum of 100 visitors per hour. Also, the maximum number of visitors within each hall in the palace is 10 visitors and the maximum number of visitors of the palace’s panorama [roof] must not exceed 15 individuals. Touring the entire palace must not exceed 45 minutes. The aforementioned rules are set as precautionary measures to battle the COVID19 pandemic. It is worth noting that the Baron Empain Palace was inaugurated at the end of June 2020, after the completion of the first integrated project to save, restore and develop it into an exhibition that tells the history of the Heliopolis neighbourhood. (“Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Ministry extends visiting hours to Baron Empain Palace”, Egypt Today, July 15, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie annonce les nouveaux horaires des visites du palais Empain », al-Masrî alYawm, 15 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Prolongation des horaires des visites du palais Empain », Sada al-Balad, 15 juillet ; Amal Gamâl, « Prolongation des horaires des visites du palais Empain jusqu’à nouvel ordre », Watanî, 15 juillet). - - In 1881, the Dayr al-Baharî Royal Cache was discovered in Luxor, where priests of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties hid the corpse of royal members from previous Dynasties to protect them from grave robbers. The cache of the Dayr al-Baharî Royal Cache included a mummy that was dubbed “The Screaming Mummy". BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Recent studies with CT scans and DNA carried out by Zâhî Hawwâs and the scientific team of the Egyptian Mummy Project proved that "The Screaming Mummy" is the corpse of Prince Pentawere; the son of King Ramses III, who was forced to commit suicide by hanging as a punishment for his involvement in the killing of his father, King Ramses III, in what is known as the harem plot. The murderous son was further punished by not mummifying his body and wrapping it with sheep skin, which indicates that he was considered (unclean) and destined to hell in the afterlife, while the other mummies were wrapped in white linen and carefully mummified. The same royal cache in Dayr al-Baharî contained a mummy of a woman showing signs of terror, pain and screaming on her face, known as the "Screaming Woman Mummy". Her head is tilted to the right side, and her legs are bent and wrapped at the ankle, while the other mummies are closedmouthed and placed in a straight position. So, what is the truth about the “Screaming Woman Mummy”? Why was she placed to rest in a different manner than all the other mummies of her time? Did the “Screaming Woman” face the same fate as Prince Pentawere; punished with death and was not embalmed in a royal way like the rest of the princesses? To solve this mystery, Hawwâs and Sahar Silîm, professor of radiology at Cairo University, carried out a study on the mummy and examined it on the Siemens CT machine located in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. 27 Juillet 2020 Computerized tomography results indicate that "unknown woman’s mummy" was infected with severe atherosclerosis, which affected many arteries of the body. Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease that progressively affects the arterial wall, leading to a narrowing of the cavity and blockage of the blood vessel. Arterial sclerosis is determined in a CT scan as areas of high calcification within the arterial walls, which can be identified according to the location of the artery. Writings in the hieratic language on linen scrolls about the woman’s screaming mummy refer to it as: "The Royal Daughter, The Royal Sister Meritamen." However, the mummy was considered unknown and was labelled "The Mummy of the Unknown Woman", as there were many princesses with the same name, for example Meritamen, daughter of King Seqenenre Tao of the Seventeenth Dynasty (1558 - 1553 BC), in addition to Meritamen the daughter of King Ramses II (1279-1213 BC) of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The results of the CT scan done by veteran archaeologist Hawwâs and Sahar Silîm indicate that the woman’s screaming mummy is of a woman who died in her sixties and that her body (unlike that of Pentawere) had received great care from the mummifiers who removed her viscera and inserted expensive materials such as resin and scents in her body cavity , using pure linen to wrap the mummy. Previous studies done by Hawwâs and Silîm on the ancient Egyptian royal mummies indicated the presence of atherosclerosis in some of them. Ancient Egyptian medicine has known the "heart attack" and linked it to death. The ancient Egyptian medicine papyrus, known as Ebers, described a doctor over 3500 years ago when he examined a man who suffered from stomach pains, and pain in his arm and chest. The ancient doctor explained in the papyrus text that “this is the WAD disease, which is equivalent to a heart attack. You must inform the man that death is approaching”. A CT scan of unknown woman’s mummy showed that she had suffered from stiffness in the right and left coronary arteries, as well as the neck arteries and the abdominal and iliac aorta, in addition to the arteries of the lower extremities and legs. Thus, it is assumed that the circumstances of the death of the "Unknown woman’s mummy" were different from the circumstances leading to the demise of “The mummy of the screaming man". BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 28 Juillet 2020 Numerous modern clinical studies have demonstrated that coronary hardening disease of the heart is the leading cause of sudden death in adults. Modern medicine is recommending in such a serious medical condition, similar to the case of the woman’s screaming mummy, to give medicines that dissolve blood vessel clots and possibly a cardiac catheterization. This is to prevent or reduce damage to the heart muscle. The study, conducted by Hawwâs and Silîm assumes that the coronary vascular thrombosis of unknown woman’s mummy caused damage to the heart muscle, which led to her sudden death. Furthermore, the study assumes that the princess died suddenly of a heart attack, in the exact current body position with her legs bent and wrapped at the ankle. The death caused the head to tilt to the right and the jaw muscles to relax, which opened the mouth. Previous studies conducted by Hawwâs and Silîm on royal mummies using CT scans helped to define the features of embalming in different Dynasties. Hawwâs, Silîm and the rest of the scientific team will complete the Egyptian Mummy Project and conduct DNA tests on the “woman’s screaming mummy”, which may help confirm her identity. (Mustafa Marie, “Who is the woman dubbed as “The Screaming Mummy”?”, Egypt Today, July 15, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « La tomographie révèle l’identité de la momie hurlante », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 15 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « 3 000 ans après sa mort, des savants percent l’énigme de la mort de la momie hurlante », al-Ahrâm, 15 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « La tomographie révèle l’identité de la momie hurlante », Sada al-Balad, 15 juillet ; Huda al-Sâ‘âtî, « La tomographie et l’ADN révèlent l’identité de la momie hurlante découverte à al-Dayr alBaharî », al-Shurûq, 15 juillet ; Nevine El-Aref, “CT scan reveals the story behind the ‘mummy of the screaming woman’ from Dayr al-Baharî’s Royal Cachette”, Ahram Online, July 17). - - Evidence indicates that the deceased stayed lifeless for a long period of time in the aforementioned position before the body was eventually discovered. The post-death spasticity stiffened the muscles and joints and kept the princess’s mummy in this position for thousands of years. The embalmers were unable to secure the mouth shut or put the body in the usual burying position as was the case with other deceased princesses. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The decision to restore and place the De Lesseps statue in Port Sa‘îd has sparked outrage among a large segment of Egyptians. According to Plastic Artist and Critic ‘Izz alDîn Nagîb, this colonial man casts into the 29 Juillet 2020 minds of most Egyptians a difficult history lived by the people and the thousands of peasants who sacrificed their lives before digging the Suez Canal amid his tyranny and oppression until they lost their lives. autour de Ferdinand de Lesseps », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 10 juillet). - - A number of politicians, plastic artists, media personalities, lawyers, writers and many others opposed the decision, which they see as a glorification of the colonialism under which Egypt lived during this period. The ancient wall discovered in Nag‘ Hammâdî - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official page The Archaeological Committee, headed by the director-general of Qinâ Antiquities, has completed studying the ancient stone wall. Several plastic artists appealed to President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî to interfere in this decision, led by Plastic artist and Critic ‘Izz alDîn Nagîb. The ancient wall was discovered by the Tourism and Antiquities Police when they arrested four individuals who were carrying out surreptitious digging in the "Hû" area of Nag‘ Hammâdî. “Mr. President, it surely will not please you that Egypt becomes an example of a country that invokes and perpetuates a symbol of torture to its people, the colonization of its land, and the plundering of its wealth.” Said Nagîb. Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, stated that the committee confirmed the wall is made of sandstone and decorated with inscriptions and cartridges belonging to the Ptolemaic era bearing the name of King Ptolemy IV. Ferdinand De Lesseps “De Lesseps was the first colonial man to open the Suez Canal to the British occupation in 1882 in collusion with the Khedive and the British. This is in addition to the fact that he supervised the Egyptian farmers digging the canal with a system similar to forced labour under terrorizing conditions where more than 120,000 farmers died during the drilling process. How can his statue be set as a symbol of a national project that caused many Egyptians to suffer?" Asked Nagîb. (“De Lesseps Statue to be placed in Port Sa‘îd sparks outrage”, Egypt Today, July 15, 2020. Voir également Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « L’Union des écrivains dénonce les appels au retour de la statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps à l’entrée du canal de Suez », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 juillet ; Ahmad al-Sâwî, « Quatre chimères BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Wazîrî recommended conducting rescue works for excavation sites in the area, as soon as investigations are completed. It is expected that the site will reveal more of its secrets. The area where the surreptitious digging was carried out by the four individuals is located about 200 meters from the shrine of the goddess Hathor in the “Hû” district of 30 Juillet 2020 Nag‘ Hammâdî. It represents the seventh region of the ancient Egyptian regions. (“Ancient Egyptian wall discovered in Nag‘ Hammâdî”, Egypt Today, July 15, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce l’achèvement de l’étude du mur de Ptolémée », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 15 juillet ; Mahmûd al-Dusûqî, « Mur de Ptolémée : histoire d’une découverte », al-Ahrâm, 15 juillet). - - Jeudi 16 juillet 2020 Tutankhamun Pharaoh". exhibition "The Golden The exhibition period was initially scheduled to end on April 30, but the question that begs itself is, is the exhibition currently reopened? Tutankhamun exhibition is still currently closed in London due to the negative impact of COVID-19, and abiding by the precautionary measures imposed by the British government. The British government did not issue a decision to reopen the exhibition yet. At the beginning of launching the exhibition in London, the organizing company stated that tickets were rapidly sold out and visitors was lined up for hours awaiting their turn to enter. In light of the great success of the exhibition, the COVID-19 pandemic came to destroy Britain’s hopes of achieving the record number of visits to the exhibition of Tutankhamun. Tutankhamun’s exhibition in France was able to achieve remarkable success, setting a new record in the history of the most visited exhibitions held in the country. The exhibition was visited by a total of 1,423,170 visitors during a time span of six months beginning March 23, 2019. Moreover, the exhibition was then moved to London. The exhibition was expected to achieve another unprecedent success in the British capital, however, COVID-19 hit the world and that caused the exhibition to shut down ahead of the scheduled time. Due to the emergency state in London due to COVID-19, the King Tutankhamun exhibition that opened on November 1, 2019 will end in May 2020. The British authorities recently asked Egypt to extend the exhibition for 44 days in compensation for the time the exhibition closed due the COVID-19 pandemic. Egypt’s submitted Cabinet approved the offer by the organizer of the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 However, the museum that hosts 150 ancient Egyptian artefacts created a virtual tour on the museum’s official page, enabling the British citizens to tour the ancient Egyptian treasures online, as a compensation for closing the exhibition. The exhibition includes 150 figures with 166 artefacts, which are duplicates of jewellery and Ushabti statues. The profits made by the exhibition so far totalled up to $5 million dollars. (Mustafa Marie, “Did the Tutankhamun Exhibition in London reopen?”, Egypt Today, July 16, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « L’exposition de Toutankhamon à Londres at-elle été prolongée ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 juillet). - - Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of Planning and Economic Development and Chairman of Egypt’s Sovereign Fund Hâla al-Sa‘îd and Minister of Housing, Utilities, and Urban Communities ‘Âsim al-Gazzâr convened on July 16 to discuss the renovation of the famed Tahrîr 31 Juillet 2020 Complex located in Cairo’s historic Tahrîr Square. The convention was held via video conference in the presence of Ayman Sulaymân, executive director of Egypt’s Sovereign Fund. The Hyksos, long thought to have been one of the many groups that invaded Egypt, took over power between 1638-1530 BCE during Ancient Egypt’s 15th Dynasty. The new research suggests that they were, in fact, a group who rose to power within years of settling in Egypt. According to the new paper published in PLOS ONE journal on Wednesday, the Hyksos’ Near East roots are supported by architectural features and grave accoutrements at Tell alDab‘a. In this former Hyksos capital in the Eastern Nile Delta, the burial culture is characterised by a blend of Egyptian and Near Eastern elements. Tahrîr Complex at night - ET During the meeting, al-‘Inânî stated that after a number of discussions with the investors, a set of proposals and offers were suggested. These include that the Tahrîr Complex be converted into a multi-functional building with a variety of cultural, touristic and commercial activities. al-‘Inânî also noted that the building can be turned into a large shopping mall, with the first floors used as a garage, the middle floors dedicated for banks and restaurants, and the upper floors used as a hotel to better benefit from the magical view. (“Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Minister: We aim to make Tahrîr Complex a multi-functional building”, Egypt Today, July 16, 2020). - - Researchers collected and analysed enamel samples from the teeth of 75 bodies buried in the ancient Hyksos capital city. “We used a method known as isotopic analysis which is a type of archaeological chemistry of teeth and bones,” said Chris Stantis of Bournemouth University, UK and first author of the study, told Daily News Egypt. “We present the results of strontium isotope ratios of human tooth enamel from Tell al-Dab‘a, focusing on comparing pre- and during Hyksos rule and gender-based differences,” he added. An influx of non-locals can be observed in the pre-Hyksos period during the 12th and 13th Dynasties between 1991-1649 BCE during Tell al-Dab‘a’s construction. The number of individuals already born in the Delta is larger during the Hyksos period. This is consistent with the supposition that, while the ruling class had Near Eastern origins, the Hyksos’ rise to power was not the result of an invasion, as popularly theorised. Instead, it was the internal dominance and takeover of foreign elite. Imaginary drawing of Hyksos invading Egypt - Social media New scientific research has revealed that the ancient Hyksos people, believed to have been foreign invaders to Egypt from the Levant, were actually native to Egypt. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Stantis added, “Archaeological chemistry, specifically isotopic analysis, shows us firstgeneration migration during a time of major cultural transformations in ancient Egypt. Rather than the old scholastic theories of invasion, we see more people, especially women, migrating to Egypt before Hyksos 32 Juillet 2020 rule, suggesting economic and cultural changes leading to foreign rule rather than violence.” (“Hyksos campaigns were internal takeover, not foreign invaders: study”, Daily News Egypt, July 16, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Une étude prétend que les Hyksos sont nés en Égypte », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 juillet ; Mustafa Marie, “New study explains Hyksos were born in Egypt, never invaded”, Egypt Today, July 16). - - Samedi 18 juillet 2020 Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, s’est félicité de l’intensité et de la profondeur des relations franco-égyptiennes, vieilles de deux cents ans et qui touchent tous les domaines. C’est ce qui ressort d’un message amical qu’il a adressé sur Internet au peuple français à l’occasion des célébrations de la fête nationale du 14 juillet. « En 2019, l’Égypte a accueilli 300 000 touristes français. Revenez vite car nous vous attendons » a dit le ministre. al-‘Inânî a également relevé que la première mission archéologique étrangère ayant repris ses activités en Égypte après la crise sanitaire du coronavirus était une mission française. Les Français interviennent sur cinquante sites archéologiques en Égypte, à travers trois institutions scientifiques prestigieuses : l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire (Ifao), le Centre FrancoÉgyptien d’Étude des Temples de Karnak (CFEETK) et le Centre d’Études Alexandrines (CEAlex). Quant à l’année culturelle France-Égypte lancée en 2019, elle fut témoin de deux événements majeurs : l’exposition sur Toutankhamon qui a attiré 1,4 million de visiteurs en France, pulvérisant tous les records ; ainsi que l’exposition tenue au Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr pour présenter les découvertes archéologiques importantes réalisées en Égypte par les missions françaises. « Le ministère égyptien du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie compte énormément sur nos collègues français dans le développement des BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 sites archéologiques et des nouveaux musées implantés partout en Égypte, ainsi que sur l’inscription de nouveaux sites égyptiens sur la liste du patrimoine mondial », a ajouté al‘Inânî. « Nous comptons également sur le gouvernement français et sur nos collègues égyptologues et archéologues français pour leur soutien en matière de lutte contre le trafic archéologique illicite du patrimoine égyptien. Je suis ravi d’entendre s’élever la voix des savants et des institutions françaises chaque fois qu’une pièce antique égyptienne est mise en vente dans les salles d’enchères privées », a conclu le ministre. (MENA, « al-‘Inânî : Les Français interviennent sur 50 sites archéologiques en Égypte », al-Shurûq, 18 juillet 2020). - - Lundi 20 juillet 2020 Khaled Desouki/AFP Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector Usâma Tal‘at denied the rumours circulating on social media that claim the historic Mamluks Necropolis has been demolished to build al-Fardus Axis. Khaled Desouki/AFP In a statement issued on Monday, Tal‘at affirmed that al-Fardus axis is far from the Islamic monuments registered in the Mamluks 33 Juillet 2020 Necropolis, stressing that none of the antiquities was destroyed, and that the tombs in the circulating pictures are not registered as Islamic or Coptic monuments, but are considered modern tombs. Khaled Desouki/AFP Tal‘at further stated that although these tombs are not registered as monuments, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî has directed the formation of a technical scientific committee to inspect the evidence and stones that contain decorative or written inscriptions to be studied and discuss the possibility of displaying parts of these tombs in museums as part of Egypt’s distinguished heritage. Khaled Desouki/AFP (“Supreme Council of Antiquities denies demolishing Mamluks Necropolis in Egypt”, Egypt Today, July 20, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie nie la destruction de tombes archéologiques sur l’axe al-Fardus », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le président du département des antiquités islamiques et coptes : L’axe al-Fardus est éloigné du patrimoine islamique enregistré », al-Ahrâm, 20 juillet ; Hânî Husayn, « Le CSA : La nécropole des Mamelouks n’est pas classée sur la liste du patrimoine », Sada al-Balad, 20 juillet). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Deputy Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities for Islamic and Coptic Antiquities Affairs Gamâl Mustafa went to Mallawî, al-Minyâ, leading an engineering archaeological committee, to follow-up on the partial collapse of the added nonarchaeological northern wall of the ancient Monastery of Abû Fânâ. Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector Usâma Tal‘at explained that the collapsed part of the fence is not archaeological, but was added as a ramp and was in a poor state of conservation, stressing that the collapse did not result in any material or human injuries, and that the archaeological church was not affected and is in a good state of conservation. Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî stated that the incident is being currently investigated on behalf of the council, which attaches great importance to the Coptic heritage of Egypt and has restored many Coptic monasteries and churches, including Dayr Anbâ Bidaba in Nag‘ Hammâdî, The Hanging Church, and Anbâ Bishoy Monastery in Wâdî al-Natrûn, among others. (“Egypt’s Monastery Abû Fânâ inspected after non-archaeological wall collapses”, Egypt Today, July 20, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le CSA transmet au Parquet l’affaire du monastère Abû Fânâ », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 juillet ; MENA, « Effondrement partiel de l’enceinte du 34 Juillet 2020 monastère Abû Fânâ à Minyâ », al-Shurûq, 20 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Effondrement partiel de l’enceinte du monastère Abû Fânâ à Minyâ », Sada al-Balad, 21 juillet). - - Mardi 21 juillet 2020 The Grand Egyptian Museum Executive Affairs for Restoration and Transportation of Antiquities Îsa Zaydân said that the Grand Egyptian Museum will House everything worthy of the greatness and splendour of the Golden Pharaoh, King Tutankhamun. The visitors of GEM will enjoy an integrated display of monuments that will dazzle the whole world. Zaydân added that everyone working in the museum contributes to this historical achievement. The Grand Egyptian Museum will be the largest museum in the world dedicated to a single civilization, the ancient Egyptian civilization. This one of a kind museum is tailor made to preserve and exhibit Egypt’s precious national heritage. The museum consists of state-of-the-art conservation laboratories, educational facilities, temporary exhibition halls, a children’s museum, a conference centre, restaurants, cafes, shops and large gardens for everyone to enjoy. GEM will house over 5000 artefacts of Egypt’s most famous king Tutankhamun’s treasures, from his royal tomb, many never seen in public before. The Main Galleries show material from the Prehistoric to the Roman periods, while the entrance areas focus on Kingship and Power. All GEM exhibitions will be contextualized for the visitor with stories, texts, digital interactions and media displays. (…) The inauguration of the Grand Egyptian Museum is one of the main events that Egypt and the whole world is waiting for in 2020. More than 49,603 artefacts have been moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum so far. Among the most important transferred BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 artefacts were the statues of King Ramses II, Sekhmet and Seti, in addition to a huge pinkgranite portray of Ramses VI, and another distinguished set of statues that showcase the mastery of ancient Egyptian art. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM houses dazzling integrated display of Tutankhamun monuments”, Egypt Today, July 21, 2020). - - Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a décidé la nomination de Îmân Zaydân au poste de directrice générale du Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund, en remplacement du général de brigade Hânî Mamdûh. Cette décision s’inscrit dans le cadre du plan mis en place par le ministère en vue de promouvoir les jeunes cadres et de rehausser leur niveau. (‘Umar alMahdî, « al-‘Inânî nomme Îmân Zaydân directrice générale du Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund », al-Ahrâm, 21 juillet 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie charge Îmân Zaydân de superviser le Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund », Sada al-Balad, 20 juillet ; MENA, « Îmân Zaydân chargée de superviser le Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund », al-Shurûq, 20 juillet). - - Royal Jewellery Museum in Alexandria – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Official Facebook In light of the touristic trips organized by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to stimulate domestic tourism and increase touristic awareness among citizens, the Royal Jewellery Museum in Alexandria received a number of visitors from all age groups in a tour organized by the General Egyptian Authority for Tourism Promotion as part of "Alexandria in Our Eyes" initiative. 35 Juillet 2020 During the visit, the visitors enjoyed the museum’s display of rare and unique artefacts. They also took a number of memorial photos, and expressed admiration for the museum and its architecture. The General Egyptian Authority for Tourism Promotion also organized a tour at the Cemetery of Kom al-Shuqâfa and the Serapeum and Pompey’s Pillar in Alexandria. For her part, Îmân Mahmûd, head of the Domestic Tourism Sector at the General Egyptian Authority for Tourism Promotion, indicated that this visit was organized by the authority, in cooperation with the Rotary Club, and comes among the tours scheduled to take place in July and August on the occasion of celebrating the National Day of the Province. (…) Suhayr ‘Abd al-Qâdir — president of Our Children with Special Needs Arts Foundation — thanked the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities for providing children with special needs an opportunity to visit the Baron Palace as an important landmark of modern Cairo. She also thanked the people in charge of the palace’s administration for the good reception. At the end of the tour, the palace’s administration gave the children souvenirs, and took several memorial photos with them. (Mustafa Marie, “Alexandria’s Royal Jewellery Museum receives visitors from all age groups”, Egypt Today, July 21, 2020). - - Despite the difficult times the entire world is witnessing amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is completing work in open archaeological sites, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 while taking all the necessary precautions to battle the novel virus. Among these projects is the transfer of the second Khufu ship to the Grand Egyptian Museum. General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project ‘Âtif Muftâh met with the First Khufu Transport Committee to examine special studies, paths and how to safely move the ship from its current location in the pyramids’ archaeological region to its new location in the Grand Egyptian Museum. Three national companies will handle the first Khufu ship transportation. Currently, the design of the building set to house the ships is being worked on. In statements to the press, Muftâh explained the reasons behind transferring the ship to its new location. According to Muftâh, the building in which the boat is currently displayed, which was established more than 25 years ago, occupied the southern side of the most important monument in the world, the Pyramid of Cheops, and clearly served to visually distort the archaeological area. Also, the building lacks distinct style of presentation and is not qualified to receive individuals with special needs. Muftâh added that the idea of transporting the first ship has not recently emerged; it was thought of a long time ago. He presented of the idea to President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî on May 28, 2019. Additionally, Muftâh stressed that he prioritizes securing the boat during transportation, and clarified that it took 6 months of workshops and meetings to discuss the most appropriate scientific method that ensures the ship’s safety during packaging and transportation. He explained that the method and locations of disassembly and reassembly were determined, and that it is of great importance to maintain and control the temperature, humidity and intensity of illumination throughout the work period so that the ship is not negatively affected. 36 Juillet 2020 Muftâh also stated that he had developed a new design for the building in which the first and second Khufu ships will be located. With regard to the second Khufu ship, restoration work is being carried out, while adhering to the instructions of the Egyptian government to reduce the number of employees, and sanitize the venue on a daily basis. Also, the team working on the ship has so far succeeded in extracting approximately 1272 pieces of wood, in addition to uncovering a knife and a pillar made of copper. The Japanese-Egyptian team uses 3D imaging technology to document the wooden pieces of the second Khufu ship. This technology is one of the best methods used in documentation, as it provides very precise and clear details of the piece from all directions. Also, all pieces will be photographed prior to reassembly, to avoid mistakes during the process. (Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about Khufu’s Ship transfer to GEM”, Egypt Today, July 21, 2020. Voir également « Réunion urgente en vue du transfert de la barque de Chéops vers le GEM », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 21 juillet ; Amâl Raslân, « Le GEM s’apprête à recevoir la barque de Chéops », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 juillet). - - Mercredi 22 juillet 2020 An example of the messaging App - Google Google launched the latest online tool that uses artificial intelligence to decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs last week. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The multinational technology company has announced the birth of their machine learning tool which will pave the way for experts to decrypt their studies faster with one click of the download button. The new translator, officially called "Fabricius", is also available for anyone interested in learning more about Egyptian hieroglyphs in a fun and interactive way. One can write messages and get instant hieroglyphs that can be shared on social media platforms. Users can also draw their own hieroglyphs and see if Google’s machine learning technology can identify them for the closest hieroglyphs from their more than the 800-image database. Director of the Google Arts and Culture Program Chance Coughenour proudly revealed that the launch of Fabricius was determined on the day the Rosetta Stone was discovered 4,000 years ago. The Rosetta Stone is the key that opened the mysterious writing system that Egyptians first used. She explained that Fabricius can be accessed and enjoyed through three portals that allow users to discover hieroglyphic secrets through three options, learn, play and work, as it does not only present translation features, it also provides the user with opportunities for academic research. Google says the new learning tool aims to shed more light on Egyptian heritage and emphasize the importance of preserving the ancient language. They stressed that to understand hieroglyphs, one has to apply the same logic they use to understand emojis. Experts who brought this digital instrument to life had to dig through mountains of books to decipher the language the same way it was deciphered more than a century ago. A team of data researchers and scientists could successfully process and record all this information. Thanks to AutoML technology from Google Cloud and AutoML Vision, developers were given the technical edge that sets up a 37 Juillet 2020 machine to recognize such large set of images. of mobile applications that convert written explanation cards into audible sound. Although the translation option, Play, is not academically accurate, it provides an approximate translation of messages that can be used for fun and allows the sharing on mobile applications and social media. The Work feature is designed for academics and researchers to help them translate. It runs on the desktop only and requires a deeper knowledge and understanding of the proper hieroglyphic translation. (Mustafa Marie, “Google launches hieroglyphics translator Fabricius, uses machine learning to decode ancient Egyptian language”, Egypt Today, July 22, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Hawwâs : Le projet de Google pour traduire les hiéroglyphes est un bon début », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 juillet ; MENA, « Hawwâs : Le projet de Google pour traduire les hiéroglyphes permet aux lecteurs ordinaires d’en saisir le contenu », Sada alBalad, 21 juillet). - The tour ended with a photography workshop that the youth had previously trained for. This workshop teaches the participants about dimensions and sensing light, which qualifies them to take pictures using a certain camera, to be able to feel what they photographed. Visually-Impaired youth enjoying the tour to Baron Empain Palace in Heliopolis – Press photo The Cultural Development and Community Communication Department of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organized a guided tour for a number of visuallyimpaired youths at the Baron Palace in Heliopolis, in cooperation with ‘Ayn Misr Association. Rashâ Kamâl, the general manager of the department, said that this is the first tour of its kind in the Baron Palace. It included visiting the palace’s halls and the panorama area [roof]. Young people were also trained on the possibility of taking a self-tour through the use BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 She added that the administration has also allocated a tour for children from 6 - 9 years old, where members of the administration accompanied the children on a tour inside the palace and provided them with a background about the history of the palace and the Heliopolis neighbourhood. Children booklets, previously issued by the administration, have also been distributed. The tour concluded with a workshop for children that teaches them how to make a model of a small clay elephant resembling elephants at the front of the palace, using a template made by the administration. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities organizes guided tour at Baron 38 Juillet 2020 Palace for visually-impaired youth”, Egypt Today, July 22, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une visite du palais Empain à l’attention de quelques jeunes nonvoyants », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 22 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une visite du palais Empain à l’attention de quelques jeunes nonvoyants », al-Ahrâm, 22 juillet ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une visite du palais Empain à l’attention de quelques jeunes nonvoyants », Sada al-Balad, 22 juillet ; Amal Gamâl, « Quelques jeunes non-voyants visitent le palais Empain », Watanî, 23 juillet). - Greece, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Serbia, Georgia, Ireland, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Finland, Mexico, Slovenia, Ukraine, Malta, Cameroon, Cuba, New Zealand, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Armenia, Bulgaria, Colombia, Lithuania and Slovakia all attended the event. The ambassadors enjoyed the picturesque atmosphere in the garden to the calming tunes of music; they praised the restoration work in the palace and the adherence to the health safety regulations. - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities with some of the attending ambassadors at the Baron Empain Palace in Heliopolis – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official Facebook Some 41 ambassadors in Cairo from all over the world attended the gala dinner held on July 21 by Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî at the Baron Empain Palace garden in Heliopolis. This is to introduce them to the history of the beautiful palace and to inform them of the health safety requirements applied in Egypt. The gala dinner was preceded by a tour at the palace, where the restoration works and the exhibition held inside were inspected. The attendees enjoyed the palace’s paintings, maps, and pictures that reveal the history of this ancient palace and the neighbourhood of Heliopolis, while listening to a detailed explanation by Mustafa Wazîrî, secretarygeneral of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Ambassadors of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, Bahrain, Belarus, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 After this evening, the ambassadors praised the gala dinner and Egypt’s resumption of the foreign tourism movement amid serious health controls on their pages and the pages of their embassies on various social media platforms. The gala dinner came about three weeks after President of Egypt ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî officially inaugurated the palace at the end of June. Since its opening, the palace has witnessed an unprecedented turnout of citizens wishing to visit it, which led to the extension of the open hours of the visit to be until 6 p.m. instead of 4 p.m. until further notice. (Mustafa Marie, “41 ambassadors to Egypt attend gala dinner in Baron Empain Palace on July 21”, Egypt Today, July 22, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « 41 ambassadeurs invités à dîner au palais Empain », Sada alBalad, 22 juillet ; Amal Gamâl, « 41 ambassadeurs visitent le palais Empain », Watanî, 22 juillet). - - 39 Juillet 2020 Vendredi 24 juillet 2020 inspecte les restaurations de l’obélisque de Ramsès II à al-‘Alamayn », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 26 juillet). - - Samedi 25 juillet 2020 Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, accompagné du secrétaire général du CSA, Mustafa Wazîrî, ont inspecté les travaux de restauration entrepris actuellement par les restaurateurs du CSA sur l’obélisque de Ramsès II qui a été transféré en août dernier du jardin al-Andalus à Zamâlik vers la nouvelle ville d’al-‘Alamayn. À l’origine, cet obélisque décorait le temple de Ramsès II à Pi-Ramsès puis à Sân al-Hagar dans le gouvernorat d’al-Sharqiyya, avant d’être transféré en 1956 vers le jardin alAndalus. Il s’agit d’un obélisque en granite rose pesant près de 90 tonnes et haut de 14 mètres. Ses quatre faces sont décorées de la titulature de Ramsès II. C’est la compagnie du BTP The Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman & Co. qui a effectué le transfert de cet obélisque vers al-‘Alamayn en étroite collaboration avec les ministères de l’Archéologie et de l’Habitat et sous la haute surveillance de la Police du Tourisme et des antiquités. (‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte l’obélisque de Ramsès II à al-‘Alamayn », alAhrâm, 24 juillet 2020. Voir également « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte l’obélisque de Ramsès II transféré à al-‘Alamayn », Sada al-Balad, 24 juillet ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte l’obélisque de Ramsès II à al-‘Alamayn », Watanî, 25 juillet ; Hishâm Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The team of the archaeological survey mission operating in the desert plateau region, west of Abydos, revealed a group of openings at a high point on the mountain front that date back to the Ptolemaic era, and it is likely that it has great religious significance. Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that these openings are located in the Holy Valley area, south of the royal cemetery in Umm alQi’âb. After careful examination, it was found that these entrances lead to rooms cut into the rock. Its height is not more than 1.20 meters. It varies between one, two or three rooms. Another group consists of five rooms connected together through narrow holes cut across the rock walls separating them. Muhammad ‘Abd al-Badî‘, head of the Central Department of Antiquities of Upper Egypt and head of the mission, said that these 40 Juillet 2020 rooms are not decorated. It is located above deep vertical wells linked to natural water tunnels. According to ‘Abd al-Badî‘, most of them contain pottery fractures, fountains, terraces, and a number of sunken circles or pans cut on the floor, in addition to a number of small holes in the walls directly below the ceiling and gaps near the entrance openings, which were likely used as handles or for strapping ropes. The mission also found a room with “graffiti” inscriptions for a name that reads “Khou-so-n-Hour”, his mother “Amon Eardes” and his grandmother “Nes-Hour”. He added that the pottery scattered on the surface of the valley located to the south of the royal tombs in Umm al-Qi’âb indicates the era of the Modern Kingdom and the Late Kingdom. The visible fracture showed a visible and strong presence for the use of the place during the Ptolemaic period, especially the second and first centuries BC, as well as the period of the late Roman era; but in a less common and widespread presence in the place. Among the fractures, one dating from the Late Kingdom marks the edge of a vase spanning back to the Late Kingdom era, which originally belonged to a jar with a long neck and a spherical shape made of oasis mud and imported to Abydos during this period, and another dating back to the Ptolemaic era, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 which represents the upper part of bowl from the Ptolemaic era. It is characterized by a groove that encircles the bowl just below the rim. It was made locally from Nile mud. For his part, Matthew Adams, MD at the Institute of Fine Arts, University of New York and co-director of the North Abydos Mission, said that these rooms are not cemeteries, as there is no indication that any of them was used for burials. Adams further explained that it is located inside the sacred valley south of the royal cemetery in Umm al-Qi’âb, which the ancient Egyptians thought was the way to the other world [afterlife], and that its location on a high point inside the mountain — which is very difficult to reach — indicates that it has great religious significance. It is worth noting that the archaeological survey team records and documents human activities in the desert plateau, west of Abydos, from prehistoric times until the beginning of modern periods, on an area of about 8 kilometres from the Sinki pyramid in the south to the Salmani quarries in the north. (Angy Essam, “What you need to know about Abydos discovery”, Egypt Today, July 25, 2020. Voir également « Découverte d’époque ptolémaïque à l’ouest d’Abydos », al-Masrî alYawm, 14 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Wazîrî révèle une découverte archéologique d’époque ptolémaïque à Abydos », Sada alBalad, 14 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce les résultats des relevés de la découverte à l’ouest d’Abydos », al-Ahrâm, 14 juillet ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Découverte de quelques cavités rupestres datant de l’époque ptolémaïque à l’ouest d’Abydos », Watanî, 14 41 Juillet 2020 juillet ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Mise au jour de quelques cavités rupestres datant de l’époque ptolémaïque à l’ouest d’Abydos », al-Shurûq, 14 juillet ; Nevine El-Aref, “Mysterious carved rock chambers found inside sacred mountain of Abydos”, Ahram Online, July 15; “Abydos archaeological mission discovers Ptolemaic-era ‘offerings rooms’”, Daily News Egypt, July 25). - the novel virus. (“Alexandria National Museum organizes ‘Alexandrian Characters’ exhibition on July 26”, Egypt Today, July 26, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le musée national d’Alexandrie inaugure demain une exposition intitulée Personnalités alexandrines », al-Ahrâm, 25 juillet). - - - Dimanche 26 juillet 2020 "Alexandrian Characters” exhibition in Alexandria National Museum – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Facebook account On Sunday, July 26, 2020, Alexandria National Museum will organize an exhibition entitled "Alexandrian Characters" in celebration of the National Day of the governorate. Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the Museums Sector, said that the exhibition highlights two antiques: The mural of Abû Mînâ and the statue of Alexander the Great. The festivity also included a children’s choir. Bâsim Ibrâhîm, the director general of the museum, added that the museum will organize a number of educational workshops on the sidelines of the exhibition’s opening on July 28, 2020. Les forces de sécurité du gouvernorat d’alSharqiyya poursuivent leurs efforts à la recherche du corps d’un individu qui a trouvé la mort au fond d’un puits au cours de fouilles archéologiques clandestines. al-Nabawî E.M., ouvrier âgé de 48 ans, a péri étouffé sous les éboulis alors qu’il effectuait avec d’autres complices des fouilles illicites dans les fondations d’une ferme située dans le village de Galfanyâ à Bilbays. Une instruction judiciaire est ouverte. (Walîd Sâlih, « Recherche de la dépouille d’un ouvrier mort au fond d’un puits lors de fouilles clandestines à al-Sharqiyya », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 26 juillet 2020). - - Lundi 27 juillet 2020 This is to develop the skills of children of all ages, link them to the museum and introduce them to the history of the province, where these workshops vary to suit children from the age of 5 years to 15 years. All workshops will be held in the museum’s garden or inside a well-ventilated hall. The number of children in one group should not exceed five children, while applying all precautionary measures to battle BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 One of the royal coffins transferred to the NMEC in Fustât Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities 42 Juillet 2020 The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Fustât received 17 royal coffins to be restored and displayed ahead of receiving the royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr in a solemn procession soon. One of the royal coffins transferred to the NMEC in Fustât Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities The restoration team also cleaned and carried out an initial restoration of the coffins prior to packaging; the packaging and transportation process was done at the highest level of efficiency and in accordance with the scientific standards, according to alGhannâm. al-Ghannâm added that all the coffins are now subject to restoration work by a specialized team of restorers at the museum to be strengthened, in preparation for display. General Director of Restoration at the NMEC Manâl al-Ghannâm explained that the process of transporting the royal sarcophagi took place amid tight security procedures by the Tourism and Antiquities Police and under the supervision of archaeologists and restorers of the NMEC. She pointed out that the royal coffins are in a good state of preservation, and that before the packaging and transportation process, the coffins were inspected and a detailed case report was made for each coffin to establish an accurate preservation case. Restoration works are handled by specialists using the most efficient methods of restoration - Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities It is worth noting that the royal mummies will be transferred from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the NMEC in Fustât in a royal procession befitting the grandeur of the ancient Egyptian civilization. (Mustafa Marie, “NMEC receives 17 royal sarcophagi”, Egypt Today, July 27, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le NMEC reçoit 17 sarcophages royaux en attendant les momies royales », alAhrâm, 27 juillet ; MENA, « 17 sarcophages royaux transférés du Musée de Tahrîr vers le NMEC », al-Shurûq, 27 juillet ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le NMEC reçoit 17 sarcophages royaux en attendant les momies royales », Watanî, 27 juillet ; Amâl Raslân, « Des sarcophages royaux attendent leurs momies », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 juillet). - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - 43 Juillet 2020 Oldowan is derived from the site of the "Oldfy" gully in Tanzania, where this industry’s tools were first sighted in its oldest archaeological layers. Examples of the stone Oldowan tools used along Egypt’s Nile Valley 2 million years ago - ET In a new Egyptian scientific finding, an Egyptian research team tracked the oldest human activity on Egyptian soil, and found it spans back to more than 2 million years. Many researchers believed that this industry did not exist in the Egyptian land, and human life in Egypt, which represents the north-eastern corner of the African continent, took place only in the next stage of the Lower Stone Age. It is the stage of the stone industry "Acholi" or "handmade axe" industry. This was revealed in the research that was recently published in the African Archaeology magazine, an international peer-reviewed journal specializing in African archaeology research. The research was titled "The Oldowan in the Egyptian Nile Valley”. The research team consists of Professor of Archaeology and History of the Ancient Near East, Faculty of Arts, Kuwait University Ahmad Sa‘îd; Prehistory professor at the Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University Abû al-Hasan Bakrî; and Du‘â’ Sayyid Ibrâhîm, researcher and specialist in prehistoric sciences at the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The team was able to track archaeological evidence and stone tools to that early primitive stone industry in four locations in the Nile Valley and Wahât region in Egypt. They also included in the research information about a set of primary tools that were collected during the work of previous missions from several other Egyptian sites and are now preserved in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. It is mentioned that the oldest stone industry is the "non-chemical" industry that was found in Kenya and dates back to about 3.3 million years ago, whereas the ancient Oldowan industry is the second oldest known stone industry in the ancient world, and its oldest sites in East Africa date back to more than 2.5 million years ago. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Some of the traditional Oldowan tools used in Egypt’s Nile Valley 2 million years ago - ET However, this research paper suggests that the oldest human activity on Egyptian soil dates back to more than 2 million years ago. In fact, it is more likely that the Nile Valley and its deserts were used as a major and effective land crossing for the very early human migrations that exited the heart of East Africa towards the rest of the ancient world, especially since the sites of this industry have been monitored and registered in all regions of the Levant [now Syria], the Arabian Peninsula and the rest of North Africa. It is worth noting that the idea of preparing this research came during the preparation of a doctoral thesis entitled "The Lower Old Stone Age in the Nile Valley, the Levant and the Arab Peninsula" supervised by Ahmad Sa‘îd and Abû al-Hasan Bakrî and prepared by Du‘â’ Sayyid Ibrâhîm. The thesis examined the Nile Valley region during the study of the aforementioned period. The research team noticed the presence of archaeological evidence on that 44 Juillet 2020 industry, which is denied by many researchers, prompting the team to re-examine and categorize the stone tools that were found by previous missions at the Egyptian sites and using these tools to support the research. (Mustafa Marie, “Egyptian research team reveals traces of life in Egypt 2M years ago”, Egypt Today, July 27, 2020). - - The inauguration of the Grand Egyptian Museum is one of the main events that Egypt and the whole world is waiting for in 2020. The Grand Egyptian Museum will be the largest museum in the world to be dedicated to one civilization. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM restorers add final touches to 1st hanging obelisk”, Egypt Today, July 27, 2020). - - The restorers of the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) are currently performing accurate restoration work on GEM’s hanging obelisk, which will be placed in the museum’s exterior foyer. The restoration work includes chemical and mechanical cleaning, treatment of cracks and surface crusts, strengthening, and preparing the obelisk for installation in a huge worldclass event. The hanging obelisk is placed in front of the main entrance of the Grand Egyptian Museum, in the external lobby, on an area of 28,000 square meters and it is the first hanging obelisk in the world. Well preserved mummy placed in Cairo’s Airport Terminal 3 museum - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities On July 26, the team working at the Cairo Airport Museum [in Terminal 3] began placing the artefacts according to the museum’s display scenario in preparation for its opening soon. General Manager of the First Aid Conservation and Transportation of the artefacts at the GEM Îsa Zaydân said that the restoration and construction of the world’s first hanging obelisk will be completed soon. The Obelisk design allows visitors to enter to see the archaeological base below it and by looking at the top of the obelisk, cartridges of King Ramesses II can be seen. Zaydân added that the word, Egypt, will be engraved in all languages of the world on the columns and sides of the base bearing the obelisk. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 A well-preserved mummy housed in Cairo’s Airport Terminal 3 museum - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official page Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that after its opening, the museum will become a new attraction in Cairo International Airport for visitors, expatriates and transit travellers, pointing out that the museum will display about 70 artefacts that were carefully chosen by the Supreme Committee for Museum Scenarios from several Egyptian museums to reflect the different aspects of the ancient Egyptian civilization over the Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic ages. 45 Juillet 2020 He pointed out that the Airport Museum in Terminal 3 had previously contained 36 artefacts, and was moved to a new location in the same hall for expansion and the introduction of new artefacts to enrich the museum’s exhibit. Part of the artefacts placed in the Terminal 3 museum - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official Facebook page Moreover, Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân said most of the pieces were in the stores of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, the Suez Museum and the Graeco-Roman Museum. The most important among these artefacts are two well-preserved mummies, one dating back to the Roman era with a face covered with a gilded mask and decorated with gilded and colourful drawings, and another dating back to the late era and depicting a man in the Osirian position. ‘Uthmân further revealed that one of the most beautiful pieces on display is a bronze statue of the winged god Isis wearing the two horns of Hathor with the sun disk in between. The pieces also include a group of canopic vessels and small-sized pieces from the Islamic and Coptic eras, in addition to a group of portraits from the late era. Some of the artefacts placed in Cairo’s Airport Terminal 3 museum prior to opening soon - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities official Facebook page Additionally, a new exhibition hall is being prepared and equipped within the passengers’ Terminal 2 of the airport, with an area of approximately 150 meters. (Mustafa Marie, “Final touches placed on Cairo’s Airport Terminal 3 museum ahead of opening”, Egypt Today, July 27, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « 70 pièces antiques racontent l’histoire de l’Égypte aux voyageurs de l’aéroport du Caire », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 27 juillet ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Dernières retouches apportées au musée de l’aéroport du Caire avant son inauguration », Watanî, 27 juillet). - Cairo’s Airport Terminal 3 Museum will be a fabulous opportunity for transit passengers, travellers and tourists to have a quick glance on ancient Egypt’s endless civilization - Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - The finishing touches for the first tourist restaurant at the Gîza Pyramids is underway, 46 Juillet 2020 with Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî praising the work Orascom Pyramids has done on designing the restaurant. and Antiquities to provide tourism services for the first time in the region. al-‘Inânî assured that the restaurant, set to be open within a few days, will take into account all health requirements established by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and the Ministry of Health. The opening of this restaurant will bring a boom in tourism for the area, the minister said, especially once Orascom finalizes other services such as electric buses in the region for the first time, as well as public bathrooms. al-‘Inânî’s statement came during a press meeting he held at his visit to the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square made to follow up on precautionary measures there. The managing director of Orascom Pyramids Ashraf Halîm explained that the restaurant, dubbed Nine Lounge, comes as part of an overall development plan for the Gîza pyramids region costing up to LE400 million. The restaurant will be the first of many services provided by Orascom Pyramids surrounding the pyramids according to a contract signed with the Ministry of Tourism BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The company will raise the efficiency of human workers in the region through training courses as part of the developmental project, he added. (“Final touches underway for the first restaurant at the Gîza Pyramids”, Egypt Independent, July 27, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le 9 Pyramids Lounge scintille dans le ciel du plateau de Gîza », Sada al-Balad, 2 juillet ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Création du premier restaurant d’un style exceptionnel sur le plateau de Gîza », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 juillet). - - Mardi 28 juillet 2020 Among the discovered artifacts in Mît Rahîna – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Archaeologists of the Supreme Council of Antiquities have unearthed a number of carved stone blocks and monuments, during the work of rescue excavations that the council started inside a piece of land, about 2 km southeast of Mît Rahîna owned by a citizen, as part of the construction of a project in the region. 47 Juillet 2020 Among the discovered artifacts in Mît Rahîna – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Among the discovered artifacts in Mît Rahîna – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that the rescue excavations mission found a number of antique blocks and sculptures of pink and black granite and limestone dating back to the era of King Ramses II. This is in addition to some blocks of limestone dating back to the Coptic era, which indicates the reuse of the area in later ages. Rescue work will continue until all the archaeological remains and artefacts are uncovered. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities archaeologists unearth artefacts in Mît Rahîna”, Egypt Today, July 28, 2020. Voir également « Découverte à Mît Rahîna d’une statue de Ramsès II et de quelques blocs de pierre », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 27 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le CSA annonce une nouvelle découverte à Mît Rahîna », alAhrâm, 27 juillet ; “Egypt announces new archaeological discovery from Ramses II era”, Daily News Egypt, July 28 ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le CSA met au jour quelques statues et blocs de pierre dans un terrain privé », Watanî, 28 juillet). - - Jeudi 30 juillet 2020 Among the discovered artifacts in Mît Rahîna – Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Wazîrî stressed that immediately that once signs of archaeological evidence were unveiled in the region, the Council began the work of rescue excavations mission. He further pointed out that the archaeological rescue mission discovered a statue of King Ramses II accompanied by two deities and a number of different statues of deities such as Sekhmet, Ptah and Hathor. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 48 Juillet 2020 These days, the Sharm al-Shaykh Museum looks like a beehive, where the archaeologists and restorers of the Supreme Council of Antiquities are working in full swing to complete the finalization of its museum exhibition in accordance with the display scenario previously decided. The Sharm al-Shaykh Museum reflects the different aspects of Egyptian civilization by displaying a selection of artefacts that have been carefully chosen from the museum stores in Manyal Palace, Kom Ûshîm Museum, Saqqâra Museum, Suez Museum , Ismâ’îliyya Museum, Graeco-Roman Museum, Alexandria Museum and the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, as well as stores of the city of Luxor and alAshmûnayn in Minyâ. exhibition works in the Grand Hall are completed as well. ‘Uthmân further stated that the vehicles of Dahshûr are being prepared for display by the specialized restorers of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Also, ‘Uthmân explained that the path of the visit was also determined in a way that suits the museum’s display of the artefacts, and currently work is done to complete the explanatory cards, banners and display screens. Hishâm Samîr, the assistant minister for engineering affairs, indicated that all construction works and lighting units have been completed, in addition to testing the alarm system(s), security protection and fire extinguishers. Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the Museums Sector, explained that the museum has received nearly 5,500 artefacts so far. According to ‘Uthmân, displaying the artefacts will be done in various ways, either displayed in show-cases or freely outside. ‘Uthmân further explained that the artefacts will be displayed in three halls, namely the Grand Hall, the Hathoric Hall and the graveyard area which will be opened soon. He indicated that the work related to the show-cases and its lighting system has been completed in a way that works to show the aesthetic aspect of the artefacts, and that BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Mahmûd Mabrûk, the minister’s adviser for museum display-scenarios said that the museum’s Grand Hall expresses human and wildlife in ancient Egypt by displaying a number of paintings where the ancient Egyptian family is represented in various historical stages. 49 Juillet 2020 Mabrûk further stated that the Grand Hall also includes a group of statues of the Sphinx representing the mix of a human face with an animal’s body, and a statue of a man next to his little daughter, in addition to a number of sacred animals in ancient Egypt, such as cats and scarabs of various shapes and sizes, which were discovered in 2019 in the Saqqâra Archaeological Area. As for the Hathoric Hall, ‘Uthmân said that it was named after the ancient Egyptian deity Hathor due to housing a large number of his belongings, along with some statues of Thutmose I, Hatshepsut, Nectanebo, Ramses II and Ramses III. which will be placed with the owner of the cemetery. It contains an imaginary door dating back to the era of the Old Kingdom, the inner and outer sarcophagus of the priestess of the deity Isis, a number of Ushabti statues and canopic utensils, a statue of the deity Osiris, a papyrus for the “Book of the Dead” and a special material used for covering the body of the deceased. (Mustafa Marie, “Sharm alShaykh Museum almost ready for partial opening”, Egypt Today, July 30, 2020. Voir également Fâtima Muhammad, « 20 000 pièces archéologiques exposées dans le musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », al-Masrî alYawm, 24 juillet ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Achèvement prochainement des travaux du musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », Sada al-Balad, 29 juillet ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce l’inauguration partielle du musée de Sharm alShaykh », al-Ahrâm, 29 juillet). - - He added that the cemetery area is a simulation of a complete ancient cemetery with all its details and the artefacts it contains, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 50 II – AOUT 2020 Samedi 1er août 2020 In response to a tweet from American billionaire Elon Musk referencing a theory that aliens had built the pyramids, Egypt’s Minister of International Cooperation Rânyâ al-Mashât invited him on Saturday to personally visit the tombs of the pyramid builders. I follow your work with a lot of admiration. I invite you & Space X to explore the writings about how the pyramids were built and also to check out the tombs of the pyramid builders. Mr. Musk, we are waiting for you 🚀. @elonmusk https://t.co/Xlr7EoPXX4 — Rania A. Al Mashat (@RaniaAlMashat) August 1, 2020 He noted that this is not the first time these claims have been raised, and added that the discovery of the worker’s tombs has silenced the matter. Furthermore, Muhyî al-Dîn explained that an American mission by Mark Lehner has discovered an entire settlement for the pyramid builders, which includes a barn for livestock, bread ovens and a fish-salting plant. (“Egypt refuses Elon Musk’s controversial claims about the pyramids builders”, Egypt Independent, August 1st, 2020. Voir également Hânî Zubayda, « Elon Musk soulève une polémique autour des constructeurs des pyramides et la ministre de la Coopération internationale lui répond », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er août ; “Musk statements on alien construction of Egypt Pyramids denounced as ‘hallucinations’”, Daily News Egypt, August 1st ; Huda al-Sâ‘âtî, « Zâhî Hawwâs à Elon Musk : La pyramide était un projet national égyptien », al-Shurûq, 1er août). - - Famed Egyptologist and former Antiquities Minister Zâhî Hawwâs also responded to Musk’s tweet in a video, which stressed that tombs of the pyramid builders prove once and for all that ancient Egyptians built the pyramids. And the general Director of the Pyramids Archeological Area Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn told the Sada al-Balad satellite channel that these tombs, discovered in the 1990s in a mission headed by Hawwâs, is definitive evidence on the matter. The idea of aliens building the pyramids was borne out of American science fiction movies, Muhyî al-Dîn said, stressing once again that all archaeological evidence points only to the fact that the pyramids were built by the Egyptians. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 L’initiative #Save_Mansoura, concernée par la sauvegarde du patrimoine et des bâtiments historiques dans le gouvernorat d’alDaqahliyya, a annoncé son refus et sa condamnation de la décision de l’actuel gouverneur d’annuler la création d’un musée dédié aux célébrités locales. Le siège du Parti national démocratique, situé sur le Nil, avait été choisi pour abriter ce musée, ainsi qu’une bibliothèque pour exposer des ouvrages exceptionnels, y compris un exemplaire de la 51 Août 2020 Description de l’Égypte, sauvés de l’incendie lors de la révolution du 25 janvier 2011. Or, à l’issue des travaux de restauration qui ont duré deux années et coûté 6,5 millions de livres égyptiennes, l’actuel gouverneur a décidé l’annulation du projet de musée et la création à sa place d’un motel « qui drainera des bénéfices financiers au gouvernorat ». Quant aux célébrités locales, leurs portraits seront accrochés à l’entrée de la municipalité. Dans un communiqué de presse, l’initiative #Save_Mansoura a exprimé « une grande tristesse pour l’annulation du projet de conversion en musée de ce bâtiment patrimonial qui a été créé comme un poste d’amarrage pour accueillir le navire du Khédive lors de sa visite de la ville dans les années 1960. Elle exprime également sa profonde consternation du fait de considérer le bâtiment sous un aspect purement matérialiste, sans tenir compte de sa valeur historique et architecturale ni de sa réaffectation culturelle pour servir la ville, berceau de nombreux écrivains, artistes et intellectuels ». Enfin, #Save_Mansoura en appelle au ministre de la Culture et au président du National Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH), afin d’intervenir immédiatement pour sauver ce bâtiment de tout projet commercial et de toutes activités inappropriées, conformément à la loi 144/2006. (Ghâda ‘Abd al-Hâfiz, « L’initiative #Save_Mansoura refuse la transformation d’un bâtiment patrimonial en motel et en appelle au ministre de l’Archéologie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er août 2020). - Hawwâs further stated that Musk mentioned that King Ramses II also came from space. “I did not really want to comment on those statements as they are not worthy, but the misleading information went viral and I had to comment, especially that it is not backed with any scientific evidence,” said Hawwâs. “Therefore, we have to announce to this billionaire that archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence proves that the builders of the pyramids are the ancient Egyptians, and that Ramses II is originally from Egypt’s Delta. His family lived in Pi-Ramesses when it was the new capital built by the Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II at Qantîr and ruled Egypt during that period.” Moreover, Hawwâs further indicated that the tombs of the laborers located by the pyramids prove to the whole world that the Great Pyramids of Gîza was the national project of Egypt at the time, and that the Pyramids were built over a time-span of 32 years. - Dimanche 2 août 2020 Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs said that the money of the billionaire founder of Tesla Company, Elon Musk, did not make him famous, so he decided to announce that aliens came from space to build the Great Pyramids of Gîza. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Elon Musk “I ask this billionaire to educate himself and read what was written about the pharaohs and the pyramids so that he knows that the pyramids are not related to space, and that 52 Août 2020 Egyptians built the Great Pyramids of Gîza, and that King Ramses II is an Egyptian from the Delta region,” concluded the veteran archaeologist. (Mustafa Marie, “Hawwâs: Archaeological evidence proves that builders of the Great Pyramids are the ancient Egyptians”, Egypt Today, August 2, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Hawwâs : Les propos d’Elon Musk sur les constructeurs des pyramides sont des affabulations », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er août ; « Zâhî Hawwâs répond à Elon Musk », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er août ; Minat Allah al-Abyad, « Hawwâs répond à l’américain Elon Musk », al-Ahrâm, 1er août ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Réponse sévère de Hawwâs aux déclarations d’Elon Musk », Sada al-Balad, 1er août ; “Zâhî Hawwâs responds to Elon Musk’s claim that aliens built the Egyptian pyramids”, Egypt Independent, August 4). - - efficiency of the temple’s anchorage, adding a new anchorage, as well as placing cutting edge bag detectors. Furthermore, Sa‘îd pointed out that the internal and external entrances have been developed and modern guiding signs were placed in various areas on the island in a way that guarantees its visibility to all visitors, while also placing a complete map of the site. That is in addition to repairing and renovating the toilets in the area, as well as restoring and cleaning the temple walls and columns from the soot, fixing the temple’s colours in order to show the unique graphics of the temple, setting up modern security system connected to a control room. ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd, director general of Aswân and Nubia Antiquities Sector, revealed that the Philae Island has been developed, in coordination with Aswân Governorate, to facilitate the movement of visitors without crowding. Sa‘îd also mentioned in press statements that the construction and renovation of the Philae Temple Anchorage — which reopened its doors to visitors in the beginning of July — has been completed, and that Egyptian and foreign visitors currently flock the region. In addition, Sa‘îd stated that the project of developing the ancient Philae Temple in Aswân has been completed, within the framework of the ministry’s plan to develop archaeological sites. This included removing all waste, removing weeds, raising the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Sa‘îd stated that now workers in archaeological sites are accustomed to implementing precautionary measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, as those precautions were implemented since March. Moreover, Sa‘îd clarified that all visitors’ temperature is measured, social-distancing is maintained, and crowdedness is banned; ambulances are deployed during the period of visits from 9 a.m. until 1 p.m. (Mustafa Marie, “Philae Temple Anchorage renovated”, Egypt 53 Août 2020 Today, August 2, 2020. Voir également Shâzlî ‘Abd al-Fattâh, « Réaménagement de la zone archéologique de Philae », Sada al-Balad, 5 août ; ‘Abdallah Salâh, « Projet de réaménagement du temple de Philae à Aswân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 7 août). - - The Tourism and Antiquities Ministry has begun renovating the western part of the Saint Catherine Monastery’s Library alongside restoring the monastery’s church buildings, the Director-General of Research, Archaeological Studies and Academic publication in South Sinai ‘Abd al-Rahîm Rayhân announced Saturday. The Tourism Ministry will install a lighting system, remove electrical poles starting from the monastery’s chain door to its entrance, and establish a security gate to check bags and individuals alongside a security control room and surveillance cameras. The ministry is also preserving natural landscapes such as the Moses Mountain, the Monastery Garden, six historical wells and the Springs of Moses. (“Restoration work underway for Saint Catherine Monastery Library”, Egypt Independent, August 2, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie dévoile son projet de développement du monastère de SainteCatherine », al-Ahrâm, 1er août ; MENA, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie dévoile son projet de développement du monastère de SainteCatherine », Sada al-Balad, 1er août ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie annonce un plan de développement du monastère de Sainte-Catherine », al-Masrî alYawm, 2 août). - - Mardi 4 août 2020 The library ranks second next to the Vatican Library in terms of historically important manuscripts, according to Rayhân, as it 4,500 manuscripts. The ministry has already renovated the monastery’s Saint Stephen and Saint John churches, with plans in place to establish an automatic extinguishing and fire warning system. Rayhân added that restoration work for the library’s eastern segment has already been finalized, with the manuscripts having been reindexed and the library halls reorganized, with means of protection provided for the manuscripts as well. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has renovated five museums in order to better accommodate visitors with special needs, as part of a plan by the General Administration of Museum Education for People with Special Needs. The renovation work does not include the al-Wâdî al-Muqaddss (Sacred Valley) site or the natural reserve, Rayhân said. He assured that the monastery will never construct in these areas in order to maintain their sanctity. The General Supervisor of Museum Education for People with Special Needs, Tahânî Nûh, said that an administration team is conducting periodical inspection tours to monitor the progress of the development work. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 54 Août 2020 This work includes paving roads and ramps at museums for wheelchair users, developing restrooms to accommodate men and women with special needs, and installing signs to help people with hearing and movement issues. Renovations are currently being carried out at the Royal Chariots Museum, which is nearing completion and will soon be open, Nûh explained. She added that work is also completion at the Egyptian Museum Square, the Greco-Roman Museum, al-Shaykh Museum, and the Antony in Minyâ. nearing in Tahrîr the Kafr Museum The museums sector has established a schedule to develop the remaining museums, beginning with those under construction or in development and open to visitors. Nûh said that the management is hard at work to quality every museum within the sector, and hoped that this qualification will be correctly applied within all buildings and facilities. (“Egypt renovates five museums for special needs visitors”, Egypt Independent, August 4, 2020. Voir également Fattâh, « Nouvelles facilités accordées aux handicapés », Sada al-Balad, 4 août). - Samedi 8 août 2020 Le Premier ministre, Dr Mustafa Madbûlî, a nommé Dr Ahmad Ghunaym, professeur à la faculté d’Économie et de Sciences politiques à l’université du Caire, au poste de président exécutif de l’Autorité du Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC) situé à Fustât. Dr Ghunaym remplace Dr Ahmad al-Shirbînî. (MENA, « Dr Ahmad Ghunaym nommé président exécutif du NMEC », al-Shurûq, 8 août 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Ahmad Ghunaym nommé président exécutif du NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 août ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le Premier ministre nomme Ahmad Ghunaym au poste de président exécutif du NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 8 août ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Ahmad Ghunaym nommé président exécutif du NMEC », Sada al-Balad, 8 août). - - - Jeudi 6 août 2020 Les forces de la Défense civile du gouvernorat d’al-Buhayra a extrait les corps de trois individus noyés dans un puits qu’ils ont creusé lors de fouilles archéologiques illicites. Il s’agit de : Sa‘îd E., âgé de 31 ans ; Khamîs S., 35 ans et Sa‘d A., âgé de 32. Les dépouilles ont été transférés vers la morgue de l’hôpital central Abû Humus. Une instruction judiciaire a été ouverte. (Hamdî Qâsim, « 3 noyés au fond d’un puits lors de fouilles clandestines à al-Buhayra », al-Masrî alYawm, 6 août 2020. Voir également Ahmad Hifnî, « 3 individus décédés lors de fouilles clandestines à al-Buhayra », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 6 août). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a décidé la nomination du major général Bassâm Fâyyid au poste d’adjoint au ministre pour les affaires financières et administratives pour une durée d’un an. Major général Bassâm Fâyyid remplace ainsi le brigadier général Hânî Mamdûh. Bassâm Fâyyid aura pour mission la supervision de tous les dossiers des employés ainsi que l’élaboration du plan et du budget du ministère. (Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Bassâm Fâyyid nommé adjoint du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires financières et administratives », Sada al-Balad, 8 août 2020 ; MENA, « Bassâm Fâyyid nommé 55 Août 2020 adjoint du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires financières et administratives », alShurûq, 8 août ; Amâl Raslân, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie nomme un nouvel adjoint pour les affaires financières et administratives », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 août). - - Dimanche 9 août 2020 Director General of the Executive Affairs for Restoration at the Grand Egyptian Museum and Supervisor of the restoration process of the second Khufu Ship ‘Îsa Zaydân announced the completion of about 98 percent of the first phase of the Egyptian-Japanese giant project for the extraction and restoration of the second Khufu Ship in Gîza. This comes in preparation for the final restoration work phase that targets assembling the boat and displaying it in its specialized hall in the Grand Egyptian Museum. Zaydân explained that about 1,272 wooden pieces have been recovered from the 13-layer pit in which the ship was found. The wooden pieces were covered with Japanese paper for protection during the lifting process; they were registered and their current state was determined in the museum’s laboratory. He added that the first restoration of 1,200 wooden pieces was carried out, and about 1006 pieces were transferred to the stores of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Zaydân also revealed the start of the construction of a unique building attached to the Grand Egyptian Museum befitting the grandeur of King Khufu. The building was designed by General Supervisor of the museum ‘Âtif Muftâh to display the second Khufu Ship after its assembly next to the first Khufu Ship, which will be transferred during the upcoming period from its current location inside a special museum in the pyramids’ area. (…) As for the second Khufu Ship project, Zaydân emphasized that the second Khufu Ship’s restoration and extraction project is one of the largest restoration projects that highlight the fruitful cooperation between BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Japan and Egypt. The project is carried out in cooperation with the Ministry of Antiquities, Waseda University of Japan and Higashi Nippon International University and with the support of the International Cooperation Agency (JICA). He pointed out that in 1987 the Antiquities Authority and the American Geographical Society agreed to implement a project to photograph the contents of the second pit without changing its contents, or its climate and environmental conditions through inserting instruments to detect temperature and humidity in the ship’s bore. Zaydân also clarified that acclaimed engineer Bob Morse, a specialist in drilling technology, designed the device that will be used to puncture the hole without compromising its environment or leaking air into it. He stressed that the Egyptian-Japanese work team in Egypt has started work on the second Khufu Ship project from 1992 to date. On the difference between the first and second Khufu Ships, Zaydân revealed that the first ship was in a good state of preservation, while the second ship was in a very bad condition that everyone lost hope in restoring it, until the cooperation between Egypt and Japan bore fruit. (Mustafa Marie, “First Phase of extracting, restoring Second Khufu Ship completed”, Egypt Today, August 9, 2020. Voir également Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la première phase d’extraction et de restauration de la deuxième barque de Chéops », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 9 août). - - La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités de Louqsor a déjoué à l’aube une tentative de fouilles archéologiques illicites sous le palais Andraos Pacha situé à côté du temple de Louqsor. Tout a commencé lorsque les inspecteurs du temple ont remarqué la présence de nouveaux gravats derrière le palais du côté du temple. Ce qui a éveillé leurs suspicions. 56 Août 2020 During the inspecting tour in NMEC on Aug. 8 - Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities La perquisition du palais a permis aux policiers de constater la présence d’un puits de six mètres de profondeur. Quatre accusés ont été immédiatement mis en examen : l’une des héritières du palais, son fils, un ouvrier et un gardien. Ils seront déférés devant le Parquet général. (Amânî Khayrî, « Échec d’une tentative de fouilles illicites sous le palais Andraos Pacha situé à côté du temple de Louqsor », Watanî, 9 août 2020. Voir également Asmâ’ Hammûda, « Échec d’une tentative de fouilles illicites sous le palais Andraos Pacha à Louqsor », al-Wafd, 9 août ; Huda al-Amîr, « Les fouilleurs illicites sous le palais Andraos Pacha à Louqsor passent aux aveux », al-Dustûr, 9 août ; Ahmad Mura‘î, « Fouilles archéologiques clandestines sous le palais Andraos Pacha », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 août ; Imân al-Hawwârî, « Échec d’une tentative de fouilles illicites sous le palais Andraos Pacha situé à côté du temple de Louqsor », al-Ahrâm, 10 août). - Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Fustât on Saturday, following a meeting held with the museum’s board of directors to welcome the head of the museum. The minister was accompanied during the tour by CEO of the museum Ahmad Ghunaym, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, Head of the Museum’s Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân, Adviser to the Minister for museum display Mahmûd Mabrûk, Assistant Minister for Engineering Affairs Hishâm Samîr and the museum’s Display Scenario Committee members. - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 57 Août 2020 The tour came to witness the final stages of work in the central exhibition hall and its display scenario Mummies Exhibition Hall’s show cases and lighting systems. procession. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities inspects NMEC prior to imminent opening”, Egypt Today, August 9, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC avant son inauguration imminente », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 9 août ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî inspecte l’avancement des travaux du NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 9 août ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Dernières retouches au NMEC avant son inauguration », Watanî, 11 août). - - Lundi 10 août 2020 al-‘Inânî made some adjustments to the display scenario and show cases in the hall, to enrich the hall with more artefacts from the Islamic and Coptic civilizations. Japanese Ambassador in Cairo Masaaki Nuki said that his country’s contributions to the Grand Egyptian Museum project amounted to about $8 million, which is considered the largest cultural cooperation for Japan worldwide. NMEC in Fustât on Aug. 8, 2020 - Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities The Japanese ambassador added that Japan is also providing technology for museum management, conservation and antiquities restoration. Furthermore, the ambassador confirmed in a statement that was issued on August 10 that Japan will continue its cooperation with Egypt with the aim of opening the museum in 2021, and will work to make from the Grand Egyptian Museum a model for cooperation between Japan and Egypt for future generations. Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the Museums Sector and a member of the museum’s Exhibiting Scenario Committee, highlighted the ongoing preparations ahead of the arrival of the royal mummies to the museum. The mummies will be transported from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr soon in a majestic BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 During a visit to the project site, the Japanese ambassador praised the Egyptian workers, who are working hard to build the museum and prepare for its opening, despite the severe heat wave and COVID-19. Nuki pointed out that he exchanged views with Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, the general 58 Août 2020 supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum, who confirmed that the work of the museum is progressing at a steady pace. (Angy Essam, “Japanese Ambassador in Cairo: GEM is Japan’s largest cultural cooperation in the world”, Egypt Today, August 10, 2020. Voir également Antoine Mîlâd, « Coopération égypto-nippone pour la sauvegarde et la restauration des barques de Chéops », Watanî, 14 août). - - It is worth noting that the work of the rescue mission also unearthed during the past few days a statue of King Ramses II in the company of two deities and a number of statues of different deities such as Sekhmet, Ptah and Hathor. This is in addition to a number of engraved antique blocks and statues made of pink and black granite and limestone dating back to the era of King Ramses II, and some blocks of limestone dating back to the Coptic era. (Mustafa Marie, “Archaeologists of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities discover new statue of one of Hathor’s priests”, Egypt Today, August 10, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie annonce la découverte d’une statue d’un prêtre d’Hathor à Mît Rahîna », alMasrî al-Yawm, 9 août ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le CSA dévoile la découverte d’une statue d’un prêtre d’Hathor à Mît Rahîna », al-Ahrâm, 9 août ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Mise au jour à Mît Rahîna d’une statue d’un prêtre d’Hathor », Sada al-Balad, 9 août ; “Statue of ancient Egyptian priest uncovered in Gîza”, Egypt Independent, August 10). - The archaeologists of the Supreme Council of Antiquities unveiled a statue of one of the priests of the ancient Egyptian deity Hathor, and that is during the rescue excavations that the council started in late July in a plot of land owned by a citizen, about 2 kilometres southeast of Mît Rahîna area. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî explained that the rescue excavation mission unearthed the statue made of a single block of black granite with hieroglyphic writings engraved on the back. Wazîrî further pointed out that the statue is about 95 cm in height and 45 cm in diameter and that the excavation work is underway to uncover the remaining pieces and evidence. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - CNN International has released a documentary film on the Grand Egyptian Museum as part of a partnership with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, represented by the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Authority. Titled “Inside The Grand Egyptian Museum“, the documentary was produced and filmed under a contract with the authority to promote Egypt’s various tourist destinations and highlight its diversity, according to a Sunday statement by the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry. 59 Août 2020 The authority’s head Ahmad Yûsuf said that the film highlights the museum’s various features, beginning with an introduction on the significance of the museum’s location overlooking the Pyramids of Gîza and calling the museum a grand edifice to bring in waves of tourists. Various live shots showcase the museum’s workflow in light of the coronavirus precautionary protocols in place, and the latest developments in the museum’s preparations for its opening in 2021 — in addition to shots of the exhibition halls, the grand staircase and the lobby where a sculpture of King Ramses II stands. The documentary also presents interviews with various prominent figures such as the General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project ‘Âtif Muftâh, renowned Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs and Director General of the Grand Egyptian Museum for Archaeological Affairs al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs. The film showcases some of the many treasures available at the museum such as the collection of King Tutankhamun, which is set to be transferred from its current location at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square to be permanently displayed at the Grand Egyptian Museum. The film will be broadcast more than once throughout this week at various times on the CNN network. Yûsuf added that CNN is also airing another documentary called “A Tourist’s Journey in Egypt“. Launched by the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Authority, the film’s purpose is to reassure tourists of the preparations, precautions and health safety measures Egypt has undertaken to receive tourists once again, while also highlighting the diversity of sights and scenes Egypt has to offer them. CNN promotes Egyptian tourism through its TV channels, websites, and social media platforms which have a wide reach in Latin America, Europe and Asia. (“Video: CNN unveils “Inside the Grand Egyptian Museum” BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 promotional film”, Egypt Independent, August 10, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « CNN diffuse un film publicitaire sur le GEM », al-Ahrâm, 9 août ; Nihal Samir, “CNN releases promotional documentary on Grand Egyptian Museum”, Daily News Egypt, August 9; “Video: CNN sheds light on transferring treasures of Tutankhamun to Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, August 12). - - La Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités d’Aswân a déjoué deux tentatives de fouilles archéologiques illicites. Un boucher assisté de ses deux fils et un employé dans une entreprise de silos et de stockage ont entrepris des fouilles clandestines sous leurs maisons situées derrière le temple d’Idfû. La perquisition du domicile du boucher a révélé l’existence d’un puits de 2 m de diamètre sur 3 m de profondeur et d’un couloir long de 3 m conduisant à l’Est du temple d’Idfû. Quelques bases en pierre portant des décorations d’époque ptolémaïque ont été saisies ainsi que les outils utilisés pour creuser. Dans le second domicile, les policiers ont découvert deux puits de 2 m de diamètre sur 3 m de profondeur, une colonne incomplète en grès, ainsi que quelques blocs en grès noninscrits. Les suspects sont passés aux aveux. (Mahmûd Mullâ, « Échec de deux tentatives de fouilles illicites derrière le temple d’Idfû à Aswân », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 10 août 2020. Voir également Muhammad Bakrî, « Deux tentatives déjouées de fouilles illicites derrière le temple d’Idfû à Aswân », al-Ahrâm, 10 août ; ‘Abdallah Mashâlî, « Arrestation de 4 individus pour fouilles clandestines derrière le temple d’Idfû à Aswân », al-Watan, 10 août ; 60 Août 2020 Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Râdî, « Un couloir conduit les policiers à une découverte dans le secteur du temple d’Idfû à Aswân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 août ; Muhammad ‘Awad, « Deux tentatives déjouées de fouilles illicites derrière le temple d’Idfû à Aswân », Watanî, 10 août). - - Mardi 11 août 2020 The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât is one of the most important projects of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, carried out in cooperation with UNESCO, to become one of the largest museums in Egypt and the Middle East, to present a new vision of the ancient Egyptian heritage. In the following lines ET will review the most prominent exhibits of the museum. amulets made of blue vines and a statue of the ancient Egyptian writer made of red granite. The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization is considered one of the most important projects that have been carried out in cooperation with UNESCO, to become one of the largest museums in Egypt and the Middle East to present a new vision of the ancient Egyptian heritage. The museum showcases the richness of the Egyptian civilization from prehistoric times to the present day through exhibiting diverse archaeological and heritage treasures. (Mustafa Marie, “What are the most prominent exhibits at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization?”, Egypt Today, August 11, 2020). - - Jeudi 13 août 2020 Work is underway to put the final touches to the main hall’s exhibition scenario prior to the imminent opening, in addition to the completion of the exhibition hall of the royal mummies, with its show-cases and lighting system. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî directed to make some adjustments to the museum’s display scenario and the locations of some of the show cases. This is to enrich the display with more artefacts, especially those dating back to the Islamic and Coptic civilizations. Work is in full swing at NMEC to receive the royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr; the royal mummies will soon be transported in a majestic procession. Mahmûd Mabrûk, advisor to the minister for the museum display scenario, stated that the most important artefacts exhibited in the museum include the breastfeeding statue and the birth plate from the New Kingdom era, statues of King Amenemhat III in the form of the Sphinx and Thutmose III sitting, a statue of the deity Nilus from the Greco-Roman period, about fifty niches from the Islamic era, in addition to a variety of small statues and BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Khufu’s solar ships are among the most important discoveries of the twentieth century, which caused a sensation in various countries of the world, due to the distinct archaeological and heritage value of the ancient Egyptian history and civilization. A project to transport the King Khufu’s 1st solar ship is currently underway, to preserve the relic, so that it will be among the exhibits of the Grand Egyptian Museum. So, what is going on with the ship at the present time? Archaeologist Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn, director general of the Pyramids Antiquities Region, said that the visit to the museum of the first Khufu solar ship is currently closed in preparation for dismantling and transporting it to the Grand Egyptian Museum, in the Haram (Pyramids) area. The discovery of the ship was 61 Août 2020 made by the engineer Kamâl al-Mallâkh on May 26, 1954. Muhyî al-Dîn said in press statements that the transport of the first Khufu solar ship was an idea of ‘Âtif Muftâh, the general supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area, and the reasons that made him think about transporting the first Khufu solar ship from its current location to the Grand Egyptian Museum is that the building in which the ship is currently exhibited, which was built more than 25 years ago, helped significantly to eliminate the southern leg of the most important monument in the world, which is the Pyramid of Cheops, which clearly worked on the visual distortion of the archaeological area, as well as the presence of the ship in a building that lacks a distinct style of presentation and is not qualified to receive people with special needs. (Mustafa Marie, “1st Khufu Solar Ship dismantled in preparation for transferring to the Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, August 13, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Fermeture du musée de la barque de Chéops en vue de son transfert », al-Shurûq, 10 août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Démontage de la première barque de Chéops en vue de son transfert vers le GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 13 août). - - The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organized a training course for civil security employees and ticketing employees at the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo, coinciding with the return of the inbound tourism movement to Egypt, starting from the first of last July. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 This training workshop came within the framework of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities plan to raise the efficiency of workers in the tourism and antiquities sector and raise tourism awareness among those dealing with tourists in various archaeological sites, museums and tourist facilities, in a way that contributes to improving the quality of services provided to tourists and visitors. Suhâ Bahgat, advisor to the Minister of Tourism for Training Affairs, explained that the content of the training program includes clarifying the rules for dealing with visitors, whether Egyptians or foreigners, especially in light of the precautionary measures and procedures that are followed to confront the COVID-19 epidemic, in addition to how to deal in sudden situations that visitors may be exposed to and provide high-quality tourism service, pointing out that a mechanism has been set up to monitor and measure the efficiency of training and the extent to which its employees benefit and apply it in the field of work. She indicated that the ministry’s training plan has been resumed under the name of "Tourism Ambassadors" with funding from the Bank of Alexandria, and the implementation of the Rythm Training Institution accredited by the Institute of Hospitality in the United Kingdom, which is obtained and provided for the first time to workers in archaeological sites and museums and those dealing with tourists, and that is in cooperation with the Archaeological Sites and Museums Development Unit. Trainees will be awarded an accredited certificate from the Institute of Hospitality in 62 Août 2020 London from the United Kingdom at the end of each course. These courses will also be circulated to the rest of the archaeological sites and museums. It is worth noting that the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities started the first of these training courses last March, qualifying workers in the Saqqâra Archaeological Zone on tourism services and correct dealing behaviours with tourists, and raising their tourism awareness. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organizes a training course for employees of the Coptic Museum”, Egypt Today, August 13, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise un stage de formation pour les employés du musée Copte », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 12 août ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise un stage pour les employés du musée Copte », al-Ahrâm, 12 août). - - Samedi 15 août 2020 Sultan Husayn Kâmil Palace which is located in Heliopolis district is facing Baron Palace. The palace was then attributed to Sultana Malak, who was his second wife of Circassian origin; he married her in 1886 AD. In 1908 French architect Alexandre Marcel in designed the palace. Dr. Usâma Tal‘at, Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector, explained that the project will be implemented in cooperation with the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology within the Egyptian Telecom Company’s social responsibility program. (“Egypt’s Committee of Islamic & Coptic Antiquities approves restoration project of Sultan Husayn Kâmil Palace”, Egypt Today, August 15, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le CSA approuve la restauration et la réaffectation du palais du sultan Husayn Kâmil », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 14 août ; ‘Umar alMahdî, « Le comité des antiquités islamiques et coptes approuve la restauration du palais du sultan Husayn Kâmil à Héliopolis », alAhrâm, 14 août ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Restauration du palais de la sultana Malak », Watanî, 15 août). - - Dimanche 16 août 2020 Egypt’s project of restoration and reemployment of the palace of Sultan Husayn Kâmil was approved by Permanent Committee of Islamic and Coptic Antiquities. The palace was built during the reign of Husayn Kâmil before ascending the throne. This restoration project is tailor made to make the palace serves as a centre for the development of creativity and youth entrepreneurship as well as to be part of the Panorama Baron Empain’s palace. It has been 5 years since the British Nicholas Reeves theorized that the mummy of Queen Nefertiti was located behind the tomb of King Tutankhamun. After a long study, he did not reach anything; it seems that the famous Egyptian queen was not buried there. Although the search did not reach a conclusion, a team of Egyptologists still BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 63 Août 2020 believe that the ancient queen could be buried in a secret room inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun. Acclaimed Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs believes that Reeves’ theory is nothing but misconceptions and myths that have nothing to do with science. Some theories explain that there is no known tomb for the great Queen of Egypt, Nefertiti, due to her separation from her husband Akhenaten at the end of his days and likewise, because of her conflict over power with Smenkhkare after Akhenaten’s death, and the weakness of Tutankhamun’s character. Concerning the separation of Queen Nefertiti from her husband King Akhenaten, the Egyptian archaeologist Silîm Hasan mentioned in his encyclopedia "Ancient Egypt" in the fifth part that a painting now preserved in the Berlin Museum indicates the utmost disregard for morals in which Akhenaten appears adjacent to his brother Smenkhkare wrapping his waist in one of his hands, caressing his chin with the other hand in a symbol of love and pampering. Both of them wore a crown. According to Hasan, this picture indicates to those who see it many meanings about the abnormal sexual relationship between the two brothers. Nefertiti, his beautiful wife, could not bear patience for that, which caused a dispute between her and the Pharaoh. She abandoned her palace voluntarily or involuntarily to another neighbourhood in the city. She swore with Tutankhamun this new place. She left her first mansion, Akhenaten and his beloved brother Smenkhkare and his wife; she is also his second daughter named Meritaten. From here, the king had ordered the erasure of the name Nefertiti from every place in the palace, and instead inscribed the names of Meritaten and Smenkhkare. Akhenaten replaced the name Meritaten on the palace of her mother, Nefertiti, with the mention of her lineage to him without her mother, in contravention of the royal traditions that were followed at the time. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Akhenaten even went too far and married his third daughter who gave birth to a girl. The marriage of kings to their daughters was not common until that time. Only three incidents of incest relations are known in the history of the Pharaohs, one of which is doubtful. (Mustafa Marie, “Did Nefertiti’s tomb disappear because of her Separation from Akhenaten or a sinister plot for the throne?”, Egypt Today, August 16, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Recherche de Néfertiti : l’idée de Nicholas Reeves est-elle farfelue ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 août). - - The Sharm al-Shaykh Museum is among the projects that the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has placed on the map of openings during the coming period, within the framework of the state’s interest in opening museums in coastal cities. It is the first museum to be opened in the region. Recently Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected the museum, to follow up on the latest developments in preparation for its imminent opening. Sharm al-Shaykh Museum is located on the airport road on an area of 191,000 square meters. The building consists of 6 halls, a conference hall, a basement, a number of traditional crafts shops, an open theatre and a number of restaurants. The museum can accommodate 20,000 artefacts. Work in the museum has been resumed since September 2018, after a hiatus of about 8 years, specifically, in the aftermath of the 64 Août 2020 January 2011 revolution, due to the lack of the necessary funds. Currently, the architectural finishes works are being completed in exhibition halls, cafeterias and shops, which total up to 17 shops in addition to 11 places for archaeological and heritage crafts. The cost of the museum exceeds L.E 300 million. As for the Grand Hall, it expresses man and wildlife in ancient Egypt, the ancient Egyptian’s interests in science, sports, industries and crafts that characterize them, his presence in his family and his family life, his relationship with the surrounding environment and how he loved animals to the point of sanctification. A group of mummified animals produced from the excavations of Saqqâra, such as cats and scarabs, are displayed in the Grand Hall, as well as baboons, crocodiles and falcons in animal and human form. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is also working on designing guide boards and brochures about the museum and the artefacts displayed in it, in addition to providing services for individuals with special needs from brochures written in Braille and other digital services for visitors. The Sharm al-Shaykh Museum has so far received nearly 5,800 artefacts, some will be placed for display in show-cases while others will be placed freely. The most important pieces included in the museum display at the Hall of Civilizations is the priestess of the deity Isis and the deities Min and Horus in Akhmîm from the 21st Dynasty, which was found in the Dayr al-Baharî cache, canopic pot boxes, a set of pots and cosmetics, the head of Queen Hatshepsut, which was found in the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut in 1926, a group of tanagra statues of women in different clothes and styles and a group of Sinai heritage. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Hishâm Samîr, assistant minister for Engineering Affairs, said in previous statements that 98 percent of the project’s work has been completed, noting that the museum includes six exhibition halls, an administrative building, a cafeteria, a food court building, a building for bazaars, and antique crafts shops, an open theatre and a staff lounge for employees and internal security personnel. (Mustafa Marie, “Sharm alShaykh Museum: 98% of the works completed, 5,800 artefacts received”, Egypt Today, August 16, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le musée de Sharm alShaykh avant son inauguration imminente », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 15 août ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de 65 Août 2020 l’Archéologie inspecte le musée de Sharm alShaykh », Sada al-Balad, 15 août ; ‘Umar alMahdî, « al-‘Inânî inspecte l’avancement des travaux du musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », alAhrâm, 15 août ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Achèvement de 98 % du projet du musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 août). - of the golden king, Tutankhamun, will be displayed for visitors for the first time. - Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Ministry and the Interior Ministry on Saturday permitted six foreign archaeological missions to resume excavations, after work had been suspended due to the coronavirus outbreak. These included two missions from the Centre d’Études Alexandrines (CEAlex), a mission from the Institut français d’archéologie orientale (IFAO), a mission from the Polish Warsaw University, a mission from the Dominican Republic, and the Greek mission of Antiquities working at the Shallâlât area, an archaeological source told al-Masrî al-Yawm. Grand Egyptian Museum - photo via Mina Seif Also, the construction work of the museum helped to develop its surroundings, to facilitate the movement of traffic to and from the museum. Among the works developed in the vicinity of the museum is the re-route of Alexandria Road, the development of al-Fayyûm Road; which will be the main entrance to the new Pyramid Plateau Project, in addition to constructing a new tunnel. The remaining missions will resume work at different times in August, he added, with work having since resumed at Mariout, the northern coast, West of Alexandria, Burg al-‘Arab, and al- Shallâlât. He said that after the IFAO’s mission resumed work in the Mariout area, they announced the discovery of several GrecoRoman docks and ports. (“Egypt allows 6 foreign archaeological missions to resume work”, Egypt Independent, August 16, 2020. Voir également Deutsche Presse-Agentur, « Reprise des activités de fouilles après leur interruption à cause du coronavirus », alShurûq, 10 août ; Ragab Ramadân, « 6 missions archéologiques étrangères reprennent leurs activités après 5 mois d’interruption », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 16 août). - - Lundi 17 août 2020 The world is waiting for the moment of the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum, which is the largest museum in the world. It contains a large number of artefacts that exceed 50,000 pieces. The entire belongings BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 There will also be a walkway of two km long by half a kilometre wide, which starts from the site of the museum down to the three pyramids. The shooting club will also be evacuated, and a stage will be placed in its location to hold the various events of the opening. Coordination is being made with the concerned authorities to link the pyramid project and some important hotels to the site. Also, there are networks linking the regions with each other through a teleferic that travels through ten stations, in addition to a subway access to the area, as well as the presence of an airport close to the Grand Egyptian Museum and the pyramids area, which is the Sphinx Airport, six to seven kilometres away. 66 Août 2020 As for the development work of the Grand Egyptian Museum and the pyramids area, 96 percent of the Grand Egyptian Museum project has been completed, and it is scheduled to open in 2021. General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh, confirmed that nothing in the Grand Egyptian Museum is left to chance, as the museum’s planning and the planning of the surrounding roads are done in a world-class standard using the latest scientific methods followed internationally. In view of the importance of the largest archaeological museums in the world, there is huge interest from the state for this great edifice. (Mustafa Marie, “2-kilometer walkway to connect the Great Pyramids to the Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, August 17, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Une allée de 2 km pour relier les pyramides au GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 16 août). - - Mardi 18 août 2020 The Supreme completed the Council of restoration monasteries in the city of Naqâda, Qinâ Governorate. The council decided to open the monasteries on Wednesday, Aug. 19, namely the Archangel Michael Monastery, Monastery of Saint Basantos and Monastery of Saint George. Usâma Tal‘at, head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector at the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained in a statement from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities today Tuesday that the restoration and maintenance work of these monasteries took three years, pointing out that the restoration work in the three monasteries included the restoration of the Churches of Archangel Michael and Virgin Mary, in addition to strengthening the foundations and treating brick walls, changing the electricity grid and treating the floors of these churches, consolidation and strengthening of the walls and arches bearing the domes of the church and the rehabilitation of the sites to receive the worshipers. Antiquities of three BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 67 Août 2020 Tal‘at said that during the restoration work of the Archangel Michael Monastery, a circular bathtub was uncovered, which was carefully restored and a thick glass cover was placed over it to preserve it. This bathhouse dates back to the Fatimid era. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities completed restoration of 3 monasteries in Qinâ”, Egypt Today, August 18, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la restauration de 3 monastères à Naqâda », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 18 août ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la restauration de 3 monastères à Naqâda », al-Ahrâm, 18 août ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève la restauration de 3 monastères à Naqâda », Sada al-Balad, 18 août ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Inauguration de 3 monastères à Naqâda à l’issue de leur restauration », alShurûq, 19 août ; Amal Gamâl, « Inauguration de 3 monastères dans la ville de Naqâda », Watanî, 19 août). - - Abû Si‘da also explained that the NOUH was not previously informed that the building was about to collapse, adding that the Cairo governorate is currently investigating the causes that caused the building to collapse, and that a committee is currently examining the property to find out the full details that led to its collapse in this unfortunate way. Also, Abû Si‘da pointed out that when building a new property in place of the collapsed one, it is necessary to refer to the NOUH to set the conditions for construction standards in Khedivial Cairo. It is worth noting that Cairo accommodates about 500 properties of a rare architectural style in the downtown area, dubbed the "Khedivial Cairo" after Khedive Ismâ‘îl, who founded it in the European style. It is located between ‘Ataba Square, Ramses Square, River Nile, Tahrîr Square, and ‘Âbidîn Square. It was founded by the Khedive Ismâ‘îl in 1867. Part of it are monuments and another part is designed in distinct architectural style. It has more than 500 properties. Nearly half of the properties have been developed, most of which are funded by community contributions, banks and companies that own some of the historic properties. (Mustafa Marie, “Collapsed Qasr al-Nil building removed from heritage list: Head of National Organization for Urban Harmony”, Egypt Today, August 18, 2020). Engineer Muhammad Abû Si‘da, head of the National Organization for Urban Harmony (NOUH), said that at the time of the collapse of the building located in the historic Qasr alNil Street in Downtown Cairo, the organization sent a technical committee to determine the property, especially because it was registered in the heritage list of buildings. In press statements, Abû Si‘da clarified that a report had taken the property off the heritage list because half the building had collapsed and also the building has exposed the occupants to great danger, therefore, had to be completely removed. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî issued a decision approving the display of 90 artefacts in the exhibition "Kings of the Sun" at the National Museum of Prague, Czech Republic, from August 30, 2020, to February 7, 2021. The decision asserted that these artefacts would be under the direct supervision and full control of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities from the date of preparing the exhibition in Egypt until their safe return to their places in Egypt. 68 Août 2020 The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities shall take all necessary executive measures to transfer the antiquities and return them safely to Egypt. (“Egypt’s PM Mustafa Madbûlî approves display of 90 artefacts in Prague’s exhibition "Kings of the Sun"”, Egypt Today, August 18, 2020. Voir également « Le gouvernement approuve l’envoi de 90 pièces antiques pour être exposées à Prague », alMasrî al-Yawm, 18 août). - situations that he witnessed during his archaeological discoveries. (“Zâhî Hawwâs: I invited Bill Gates to lunch to donate to GEM, but he didn’t!”, Egypt Today, August 18, 2020). - - Vendredi 21 août 2020 - Renowned Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs said that he invited American Billionaire Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, for lunch, in order to get him to donate some money to the Grand Egyptian Museum, but instead, Hawwâs said sarcastically, “Gates did not donate any money and I ended up paying for the lunch for nothing!” Hawwâs added during his intellectual meeting with the Ministry of Youth and Sports, that while the international star Beyoncé was touring the Great Pyramids of Gîza with him, one of her guards assaulted Hawwâs’ photographer, stating that he ended up kicking them both out of the area, and according to him, told them "You are nothing!" Hawwâs further stated that most international media outlets ask him specifically about this incident with Beyoncé. The acclaimed archaeologist explained that he refused to ride a camel during his visits to the pyramids, so that the world would not view Egypt only as a nation of camels. He also stated that late Princess Diana’s visit to Egypt is the most important to him. Hawwâs indicated that he will issue a book about his life that includes his strangest encounters with antiquities and the funniest BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The head of a mummified domestic cat, revealed by X-ray micro CT scanning that generates three-dimensional images with a resolution 100 times greater than a medical CT scan, is seen in this undated image released on August 20, 2020. Swansea University/Handout via REUTERS. Scientists are gaining new insight into the ancient Egyptian practice of mummifying animals, using high-resolution 3D scans to peer inside mummies of a cat, a bird and a snake to learn about their treatment before being killed and embalmed. Researchers on Monday said they digitally “unwrapped” and “dissected” the three mummies using X-ray micro CT scanning, which generates three-dimensional images with a resolution 100 times greater than a medical CT scan. Actual unwrapping can damage and dislodge structures within a mummy. Ancient Egyptians mummified not only human corpses but millions of animals including cats, dogs, birds, snakes and crocodiles, particularly during a period of more than 1,000 years starting around 700 BC. The three mummies apparently were made as “votive offerings” to gods at temples to act as a go-between between deities and living people, according to study co-author Carolyn Graves-Brown, curator of the Egypt Center at Swansea University in Britain. They were long 69 Août 2020 held in Swansea’s collection and their precise age and origin in ancient Egypt are unclear. The researchers found evidence that the snake, a juvenile Egyptian Cobra, had been denied water while alive, based on its calcified kidneys, and apparently was killed by spinal fracture after being lifted by the tail and whipped in the air. The coiled snake’s mouth contained a substance called natron and its jaw was placed in a wide-open position, consistent with the animal possibly having undergone the “opening of the mouth” ceremony, said Swansea engineering professor Richard Johnston, lead author of the study published in Scientific Reports. This ritual was conducted so mummified subjects could regain their senses in the afterlife. “This would be additional information supporting other evidence that the ‘opening of the mouth’ was done on mummified animals. We know it was carried out on humans,” Graves-Brown said. The domestic cat also was a juvenile: a fivemonth-old kitten, based on unerupted teeth within the lower jaw. Its neck was broken at the time of death or during the mummification process. The bird appears to be a Eurasian kestrel, of the falcon family. Snakes were associated with numerous ancient Egyptian gods. Cats were often associated with the fertility goddess Bastet. Raptors were associated with sky gods such as Re and Horus. “Like us, the ancient Egyptians used and abused animals,” Graves-Brown said. “There is evidence from the mummified remains of maltreatment.” Reporting by Will Dunham; Editing by Sandra Maler. (Reuters, “Scientists peer inside ancient Egyptian cat, snake and bird mummies”, Egypt Independent, August 21, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Comment les anciens Égyptiens ont-ils momifié les animaux ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 août). BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - - Egypt’s deputy minister of Tourism and Antiquities in announced that all the archaeological sites will be opened nationwide with precautionary conditions and measures, with 50% of their capacity at the beginning of September 1st. On the other hand, the Coronavirus Crisis Management Higher Committee headed by Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî, has decided to resume tourist activities in Luxor starting beginning of September in hotels, museums and temples. The committee approved the resumption of one-day tourist trips from Luxor to the Red Sea tourist resort city of Hurghada. (“Egypt’s archaeological sites to be opened on September 1st with 50% of their capacity”, Egypt Today, August 21, 2020). - - Samedi 22 août 2020 The temporary exhibition of King Tutankhamun entitled "Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh" will return back from London to Egypt. The exhibition moved to the British capital, London, in November 1st, in its third stop after Paris and Los Angeles. The French and international news outlets reported that the temporary exhibition of King Tutankhamun that was display at the Grande Halle La Villette in Paris broke records of turnout of the French cultural exhibitions. The exhibition "Tutankhamun: The Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh" came to an end in Paris on the evening of Sept. 22, breaking the record in the history of cultural exhibitions in France. The exhibition was visited by 1,423,170 visitors in the past six months since it was opened by the Minister of Antiquities on March 23, 2019 at the Grand Hall de la Villette. 70 Août 2020 International media outlets stated that the exhibition is the most visited exhibition in France. The French and international newspapers pointed out that this exhibition and other temporary foreign exhibitions held by Egypt abroad are the best publicity for Egypt and its ancient civilization and unique treasures, which will have a positive impact on tourism in Egypt. The Minister of Antiquities explained that in 1967, when France hosted the Tutankhamun exhibition for the first time, it attracted 1,240,975 visitors. Today, 52 years later, the Golden King’s exhibition attracted more than 1.4 million visitors, which indicates how passionate the French people and visitors of France are towards the ancient Egyptian civilization. In addition, al-‘Inânî stated that despite the success of the exhibitions, they allowed the French people and visitors of France to see only a small and simple portion of the treasures of the Golden King and the ancient civilization of Egypt. The Minister of Antiquities affirmed that this exhibition is an invitation to attract and encourage millions of enthusiastic visitors to Egypt, to see and enjoy its great and unique civilization, discovering thousands of pieces of the treasures of the Golden King and to visit and enjoy watching many archaeological areas and distinctive museums throughout Egypt. It is worth mentioning that the exhibition "Tutankhamun: The treasures of the Golden Pharaoh" included 150 artefacts from the collections of the young king, including a number of gilt ushabti statues, wooden boxes, canopic pots, a gilded wooden Ka statue and alabaster pots. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Tutankhamun temporary exhibition to return back from London to Egypt”, Egypt Today, August 22, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Retour de l’exposition de Toutankhamon de Londres », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 août). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Director general of Luxor Temple Ahmad ‘Urâbî announced that about 97 percent of alKibâsh Road has been restored and developed, and will be inaugurated soon. The Pharaonic al-Kibâsh Road is to become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. The renovation of the Pharaonic al-Kibâsh Road is considered a monumental moment for Luxor, as the project will bring the great road to life again. Its new design is set to change Luxor’s position on the touristic map, as it will become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. It is expected that the new makeover of alKibâsh Road will attract tourists the world over and play a vital role in pushing the Egyptian tourism forward. al-Kibâsh Road will be reopened after its renovation. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities announces completion of 97% of al-Kibâsh Road”, Egypt Today, August 22, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Achèvement de 97 % des travaux de réaménagement du dromos », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 août). - - Dimanche 23 août 2020 Royal Chariots Museum is expected to be inaugurated soon. The cards explaining all the artefacts have been written using Braille method for the visually impaired. An explanatory map has been drawn up for the museum halls at the entrance, and paved corridors and ramps for easy climbing and descent have also been constructed and 71 Août 2020 placed to facilitate the movement wheelchairs for people with disabilities. of shedding light on all the unique artefacts the museum houses. Indicative panels will be placed in all halls, using sign language for people with hearing disabilities, in addition to allocating toilets for people with special abilities equipped according to international standards. A restoration laboratory with the latest scientific equipment was established inside the museum. A number of artefacts were put on display at the Royal Chariots Museum in Cairo’s Bûlâq Abû al-‘Ilâ neighbourhood. Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân said all works at the museum are in full swing in order to be open for the public in the set time. The museum will house unique artefacts, showing different means of transport used by kings and rulers of that era, in addition to the chariots that had been used in the different occasions. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is currently putting the final touches to the works of developing the Royal Chariots Museum in Bûlâq, in preparation for its imminent opening. It is considered one of the rarest museums, as it is the fourth of its kind in the world after the museums of Russia, England and Austria. The Royal Chariots Museum was established during the reign of Khedive Ismâ‘îl (1863-1879). The museum’s restoration project began in 2001 and came to a halt several years ago. The restoration work was launched again in the museum in 2017 after it was suffering from great neglect. The cost of restoration amounts to about LE 63 million. The museum’s development works included building rehabilitation, structural reinforcement, facade restoration, architectural finishes, as well as equipping and preparing the exhibition halls. The museum was also provided with a visual exhibition hall to screen documentary films on royal vehicles. Also, a new exhibition scenario was set inside the museum’s five halls BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The five main halls in the museum include the Antikkhana Hall, which will display vehicles and chariots gifted to the Alawite family on various occasions; the Reception Hall, which has a screen to display documentaries on the time of the Alawite family; the Gamallon Hall, which displays the rarest types of vehicles; the Royal Events Hall which includes a group of chariots that were used by members of the Alawite family on official occasions in addition to oil paintings of kings, queens, princesses and princes of the Alawite Family; and last but not least, The Hosan Hall, which includes a group of costumes that were used by employees of the royal vehicles and chariots. Once the museum is opened, the tickets fees will be LE 20 for Egyptians, LE 5 for Egyptian students, LE 100 for non-Egyptians, and LE 50 for foreign students. The fee for using a professional camera is LE 50. However, using the mobile phone’s camera during the visit is free of charge. The visiting hours will be from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Royal Chariots Museum to provide cards explaining artefacts using Braille method”, Egypt Today, August 23, 2020). - - Lundi 24 août 2020 Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced Monday that all museums and archaeological sites nationwide will reopen starting September 1st, as cultural tourism activities resume in accordance with special measures approved by the ministry. The ministry outlined several of these measures in a statement: – Egyptians and foreigners are allowed to travel between tourist cities, monuments and various museums beginning from September 1st. 72 Août 2020 – All precautionary measures must be adhered to, and a 50 percent capacity rate must be in place for tourist buses and any cultural tourism activities. – One tourist group should not exceed 25 people within all archaeological sites and museums. – The tour guide must put on a facemask and guide tourists using headphones inside museums, with the headphones sterilized after each use. – Common surfaces and museum floors must be cleansed before opening for each visit. – Measuring the temperature of workers and visitors. – The maximum number of visitors present at the same time in a museum and archaeological site shall be 200 visitors per hour for the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, and 100 visitors per hour for other museums. negative for coronavirus within 72 hours of reaching Egyptian territory. (“Starting September, Egypt reopens all archaeological sites and museums”, Egypt Independent, August 24, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce les conditions de réouverture de tous les musées et sites archéologiques à partir du 1er septembre », alMasrî al-Yawm, 27 août ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Conditions de réouverture de tous les musées et sites archéologiques à partir du 1er septembre », Sada al-Balad, 27 août ; Mustafa Marie, “29 Egyptian museums to re-open on Sept. 1st after 5 months of closure”, Egypt Today, August 31). - - Mardi 25 août 2020 – A maximum of 10 to 15 visitors are allowed visit the inside of any pyramid or ancient cemetery (depending on the area of the monument). – Extending the “Spend Summer in Upper Egypt” initiative, launched by the ministry to encourage tourists to visit ancient sites in Upper Egypt, until October 31, 2020. The initiative grants a 50 percent reduction on full ticket prices for foreign visitors to museums and archaeological sites in Upper Egypt. – All foreign tourists will pay a flat rate, which is the price of foreign student tickets, representing five percent of the full ticket price. Egypt has suspended flights and tourism in March as part of measures to combat the spread of coronavirus pandemic. Traffic in all Egyptian airports resumed since July 1st, in accordance with Egypt’s preventive and precautionary measures to coexist with the coronavirus. Beginning September 1st, all local and foreign passengers must provide a PCR analysis document proving they tested BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Ahmad ‘Urâbî, director general of the Luxor Temple, said that the restoration work and upgrading of 29 ram statues, located directly behind the first pylon from the east, are continuing. The rams were in a bad condition, as the last restoration work was carried out in the seventies. ‘Urâbî explained in press statements that the restoration work is carried out using the most modern, practical and internationally recognized methods, and that the restoration of these rams using cement and red bricks negatively affected them, and caused some damages to the statues especially on the lower part of it. It is noteworthy that the 29 rams have started their restoration based on the approval of the Permanent Committee of Egyptian Antiquities issued on Feb. 25, 2020, under the supervision and full support of Egypt’s 73 Août 2020 Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al‘Inânî and under the leadership of Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, in carrying out the restoration work of 29 of the rams statues located behind the first pylon, in front of the Bubastian columns in the Karnak temple, moving them and making new terraces in place of the dilapidated terraces on which these statues are located. absence of stone bases on which these statues rest, in allowing ground water to penetrate between the lower part of the ram until it reached the base, which led to the transformation of some parts of it into sand powder. (“Restoration works of 29 ram statues in Luxor Temple resumes”, Egypt Today, August 25, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Restauration des 29 Sphinx criocéphales situés derrière le premier pylône du temple de Louqsor », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 août). - Work on this project was started on March 23, 2020, under the supervision of the restoration department represented by the restoration specialist Muhammad Gâd, the engineering department in Luxor and the chief foreman of Karnak Temples Mahmûd Fârûq alSayyid. It is considered one of the largest and most significant restoration projects of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Also, when work began on the project, the ram statues were not placed on any bases at all, but a hollow bench was found that was filled with fragments of different sizes from sandstone blocks; the blocks found were ones reused from other locations. Immediately, the members of the working team raised, cleaned and restored the bottom of these statues, and removed the old restoration of cement and red brick blocks that preserve water and salts, which helped, in the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - La mission conjointe entre le Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology (PCMA) et l’University of Delaware aux États-Unis poursuit ses recherches depuis plus de dix ans dans le port archéologique de Bérénice, situé au sud de Marsa ‘Alam. Ce port sur la mer Rouge a été fondé par Ptolémée II Philadelphe, qui le nomma ainsi en hommage à sa mère Bérénice Ière. Les dernières découvertes de cette mission polono-américaine font état de squelettes de singes exhumés dans un cimetière animalier, près du vieux port de Bérénice. Les experts pensent qu’il s’agit d’animaux de compagnie datant d’il y a 2 000 ans, car le port était utilisé à la fois par les Romains et les Égyptiens qui importaient des animaux d’Inde. Les opérations de numérisation 3D et de comparaison osseuse ont révélé que ces animaux appartenaient à la même espèce que celle de pays asiatiques. L’équipe d’archéologues a trouvé un certain nombre de squelettes disposés soigneusement en bébés endormis, bandelettés et enterrés près de chats momifiés. Beaucoup de squelettes étaient de jeunes singes. Les experts ont confirmé que ces animaux sont morts en raison de leur incapacité à s’adapter à leur nouvel environnement égyptien ou du manque de nourriture. Lorsque des échantillons de restes de singes ont été extraits, les experts pensaient qu’ils appartenaient à une espèce locale, mais il s’est avéré que ces primates venaient d’Inde, 74 Août 2020 après qu’un certain nombre de tests aient été effectués à l’aide de scanners 3D et de comparaisons osseuses. Selon Dr. Marta Osypińska, membre de l’équipe et archéologue de l’Académie polonaise des sciences, les Romains qui vivaient à Bérénice s’amusaient et élevaient différents animaux, y compris des singes. Ceux-ci étaient probablement domestiqués en raison des enterrements soigneux dont ils ont bénéficié. Ils étaient enveloppés dans une couverture de laine, tandis que d’autres avaient de gros coquillages placés à côté de leur tête. Un porcelet et trois chats momifiés ont également été inhumés à proximité. Cette découverte est unique, d’autant plus qu’aucun singe indien n’a été trouvé dans les sites archéologiques en Afrique auparavant. Il est intéressant de noter que les anciennes sources écrites ne mentionnent pas cette pratique. Les chats, les chiens et les singes momifiés, datant de plus de 2 000 ans, portent des bracelets en fer incrustés de pierres et de bijoux et sont enterrés sous de petits tapis ou dans des récipients en poterie. Certains d’entre eux souffrent d’un cancer. L’un des animaux semble provenir de Grèce ou de Rome. Ce n’est pas la première fois que l’on découvre des animaux momifiés dans l’Égypte ancienne, mais ils étaient généralement enterrés près de leurs propriétaires, ce qui n’est pas le cas ici. Les objets découverts ainsi que les reliques ont été entreposés dans l’entrepôt muséologique de Qift. (Muhammad al-Sayyid, « Une mission conjointe découvre des squelettes de singes indiens près du port de Bérénice », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 25 août 2020). - - Mercredi 26 août 2020 Les envahisseurs romains utilisaient le port égyptien comme un lien entre l’Égypte, l’Inde et le Moyen Orient. La mission de fouille conjointe polono-américaine a révélé que ce port maritime stratégique était l’un des plus importants dans l’Antiquité et des plus prospères sur le plan commercial. Les achats et les ventes des divers produits se déroulaient à l’intérieur du port. À cela s’ajoute l’importation d’éléphants et d’un certain nombre d’animaux destinés à être utilisés dans le domaine militaire, d’encens et d’épices en provenance d’Inde et d’Afrique. L’Égypte d’alors exportait des vêtements, des armes, du blé et des céréales vers plusieurs pays. Ces marchandises étaient soumises à des droits de douane dans la région de Qift, dans le gouvernorat de Qinâ. Les résultats obtenus par les chercheurs du PCMA et de l’University of Delaware reflètent l’importance économique de cette ville portuaire aux époques grecque et romaine, en plus d’une occupation humaine à l’époque préhistorique. À l’époque romaine, le port était relié à un réseau de routes qui traversaient le désert Oriental vers Qift, Qûs et Alexandrie. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, represented by the Supreme Council of Antiquities, has completed the installation of the first transparent protection screen around the pulpit of the Sultan Abû al-‘Ilâ Archaeological Mosque. This comes within the framework of the Mamluk archaeological pulpits project. Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that this project was implemented as per the decision 75 Août 2020 taken by the Permanent Committee of Islamic and Coptic Antiquities in the last few months to protect these platforms after many of them were stolen over the past years. Wazîrî stressed that these barriers would reduce the risk of theft by up to 85 percent, according to the study of assessing and warding off risks at Mamluk platforms. It is also considered one of the strategies that protect the pulpit from the risk of scratches and loss of fillings resulting from pressure and friction. Assistant Minister for Engineering Affairs Hishâm Samîr explained that this barrier is made of triplex glass with a thickness of 10 millimetres to provide the pulpit with the greatest degree of protection, as it can withstand attempts of breaking in for as long as possible, which prevents the thief from reaching the fillings that decorate the pulpit. Samîr stressed that it is also protected by an inner layer that combats shocks, so that if glass cracks, it won’t fall on the ground. Furthermore, the barrier was provided with a door opposite the door of the pulpit, to be used by the khatîb or preacher. It has two terraces and a Patch Fitting Lock with a computer key. The archaeological value of the mosque and the pulpit was taken into account during the installation. A good vision of the pulpit’s details and fillings was ensured by using the best available type of glass, as well as adopting a design with the largest possible area for the glass panels so that the vision is not interrupted by many barriers. (Mustafa Marie, “1st transparent protection screen around pulpit of Sultan Abû al-‘Ilâ Mosque installed”, Egypt Today, August 26, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Tourisme et de l’Archéologie fixe une protection en plexiglas autour du minbar de la mosquée du sultan Abû al-‘Ilâ », al-Ahrâm, 26 août ; Nevine El-Aref, “Islamic Cairo’s Sultan Abû al-‘Ilâ Mosque pulpit glass-covered for protection”, Ahram Online, August 26; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Installation de la première protection en plexiglas autour du minbar de la mosquée du sultan Abû al-‘Ilâ », Sada al-Balad, 26 août). - - The two dazzling statues returned to Egypt after roaming numerous cities since 2015 – Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Director General of Executive Affairs for Restoration at the Grand Egyptian Museum ‘Îsa Zaydân said that the two huge royal statues that were among the artefacts displayed in the "Sunken Cities: Magical World of Egypt" exhibition in the United States of America have been placed on the Great Staircase of the Grand Egyptian Museum. These two colossal statues were found underwater in the Bay of Abûqîr, 6.5 km off the coast of Alexandria. Although there are no inscriptions on the two statues, it is possible that the king’s statue belongs to King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (277-270 BC). The statue is made of granite, and is 5 meters in height. Moreover, the queen statue is made of granite, and is 4.90 meters in height. It represents a standing queen, wearing a crown composed of the sun disk, two feathers and two horns and a transparent robe, while her left foot is forward. The queen may be Arsinoë II, dressed as the goddess Isis. 76 Août 2020 The two statues were discovered underwater in 2000, by a joint mission of the European Institute of Underwater Archaeology with the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities. The statues have been on a tour of exhibitions abroad in Europe and America since 2016. (Mustafa Marie, “Two royal statues placed in GEM’s Great Staircase”, Egypt Today, August 26, 2020. Voir également “Two enormous statues return from US to be displayed at Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Independent, August 7; Ahmad Mansûr, « Deux statues royales placées sur le perron du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 août). - jewellery to Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, the General Supervisor of the GEM Project. Major General Muftâh applauded the samples and suggested the use of high-quality materials to create pieces with the same specifications as the original types manufactured in ancient Egypt. Furthermore, Muftâh recommended that the GEM Logo be added to become the nucleus of GEM products as a Brand. - Jeudi 27 août 2020 Within the framework of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ efforts to mitigate the economic effects resulting from the coronavirus (Covid-19) crisis, Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that the Board of Directors of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, in its last meeting headed by Khâlid al-‘Inânî, minister of Tourism and Antiquities, decided to extend a complete exemption to all cafeterias and bazaars in museums and archaeological sites affiliated to the council from paying the rental value until the end of September 2020. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities exempts cafeterias, bazaars in museums, archaeological sites from paying rent until end of Sept. 2020”, Egypt Today, August 27, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Exemption renouvelée des loyers des bazars sur les sites archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 26 août ; « Exemption jusqu’à fin septembre des loyers des bazars sur les sites archéologiques », alShurûq, 26 août). - - Samedi 29 août 2020 In March 2019, visual artist Rabî‘ Muhammad, head of the Handicrafts and Arts Centre presented samples of hand-made BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Grand Egyptian Museum’s products The GEM is now the first Egyptian museum to produce and market its own products in line with many international museums. After implementation of the Major General’s earlier recommendations, the jewellery collection was presented to the GEM Board of Directors in mid-2019. All members of the Board of Directors were impressed by the high quality of production. On the 26th of August 2020, Major General Muftâh used the visit of Mr. Zurab Pololikashvili, Secretary General of the World Tourism Organisation as an occasion to introduce the work of the Handicrafts and Arts Department and the youth who have produced the branded GEM jewellery. Rabî’s Table, as the Major General called it, has won the approval of both His Excellency the Minister of Antiquities and the Secretary General of the World Tourism Organisation, who expressed his great admiration for the products. Made of gold-coated copper and inlaid with precious stones, Mr. Pololikashvili chose one piece in the form of a lotus flower. The GEM Centre for Handicrafts and Arts will provide workshops and artistic programmes within the framework of the 77 Août 2020 museum’s goals to create a sense of belonging with Egyptian identity and personality, spread awareness of cultural legacies, and revive heritage. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM, the 1st Egyptian museum to produce, market its own products in line with international museums”, Egypt Today, August 29, 2020). - - Dimanche 30 août 2020 Swedish University of Lund in the Gabal alSilsila area in Aswân discovered the main port that was used to transport stones. (Mustafa Marie, “What are the most important Egyptian archaeological discoveries made by the Swedish archaeological mission?”, Egypt Today, August 30, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Découvertes archéologiques importantes réalisées par la mission suédoise », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 29 août). - - In 2015, Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the foundations and remains of a temple in the quarries of Gabal al-Silsila, which lies about 65 kilometers north of Aswân. This was part of the excavation work carried out by the Swedish delegation of Lund University headed by Maria Nelson and John Ward. In 2017, the Swedish mission headed by Maria Nelson uncovers 12 tombs from the 18th Dynasty, specifically from the reigns of King Thutmose III and Amenhotep II. Skeletal remains, parts of stone and pottery sarcophagi, amulets, scarabs, and animal remains were found inside these tombs, as some of these cemeteries were used as burials for animals. The mission also discovered four burials of children dating back to the 18th Dynasty. In 2018, a tomb dating back to the 18th Dynasty was also uncovered during excavation. The cemetery was located at a depth of 5 meters under-ground. It is undecorated, and consists of a burial chamber and two side rooms. It had previously been subject to theft attempts, which filled it with sand and silt. Furthermore, on February 26, 2019, the joint mission of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and Swedish University of Lund in the mountain range of Aswân discovered a workshop for the manufacture of architectural elements dating back to the Modern State. On March 26, 2019, the joint mission of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Les forces de sécurité de l’aéroport de Burg al-‘Arab ont déjoué une tentative d’exportation illicite de pièces antiques. Un voyageur égyptien en partance pour un pays arabe a dissimulé dans ses bagages plusieurs pièces authentiques au milieu de quelques répliques archéologiques achetées dans les bazars de Khân al-Khalîlî. Une commission d’experts a examiné cette saisie qui comporte : — 11 manuscrits d’explication du Coran d’Ibn Turq, datant de l’époque ottomane. — 10 autres manuscrits de la même époque représentant des contrats de mariage et de divorce. — Un ouvrage de petite taille, ainsi qu’une montre en argent qui remontent à l’ère du roi Fu’âd. — 4 pièces de monnaies en cuivre. L’accusé a avoué avoir acheté ses pièces sur Internet afin d’en faire commerce. (Nevine Camille, « Échec d’une tentative d’exportation illicite de manuscrits via l’aéroport de Burg al‘Arab », Watanî, 30 août 2020). 78 Août 2020 - - leopard made of wood; the consort statue of King Tutankhamun covered in black resin and wearing a ferret on his head; a gilded wood statue of King Tutankhamun on a boat holding a spear; and a small sarcophagus of King Tutankhamun dedicated to the deity Imsety. The Board of Directors of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities decided to temporarily display ten artifacts of Tutankhamun’s belongings in Sharm al-Shaykh Museum, which will be inaugurated 2020. Another ten belongings of the Golden King will be exhibited in Hurghada Museum. Those artifacts were part of the exhibition "Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh", that was held in London and recently returned to Egypt after achieving unprecedented success in its foreign stops that also included Los Angeles and Paris. The pieces to be on display at Sharm alShaykh Museum include a fan of gilded wood; a pendant in the shape of a female bird vulture spreading; a pendant of gold inlaid with stones containing a scarab and bearing the name of the throne of King Tutankhamun; arches of gilded wood with drawings of Tutankhamun hunting from above a cart, a box in the shape of a cartridge; a gilded wood statue of King Tutankhamun standing on a BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The statue of King Tutankhamun’s consort was chosen to be the main piece of the exhibition at Sharm al-Shaykh Museum. (Mustafa Marie, “10 artefacts of Tutankhamun’s personal belongings to be displayed in Sharm al-Shaykh, Hurghada Museums”, Egypt Today, August 30, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Pour la première fois exposition temporaire de quelques pièces de Toutankhamon dans les musées d’Hurghada et de Sharm alShaykh », Sada al-Balad, 28 août ; Nevine ElAref, “Tutankhamun artefacts to go on display at Hurghada, Sharm museums”, Ahram Online, August 28; “Egypt displays Tutankhamun treasures in Hurghada and Sharm al-Shaykh”, Egypt Independent, August 28; Ahmad Mansûr, « 10 pièces de la collection de Toutankhamon exposées dans le musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 30 août). - - Lundi 31 août 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš and Czech Minister of Culture Lubomír Zaorálek inaugurated on August 30 the “Kings 79 Août 2020 of the Sun” exhibition held in the National Museum in the Czech capital Prague. and the largest exhibition in the ancient country. The opening coincided with the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the archaeological work of the Czech mission in Egypt. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî spoke during his speech about the preparations for this exhibition, which began about 5 years ago, pointing to the great efforts made by the Egyptian and Czech sides to hold this exhibition in light of the current circumstances. The opening was attended by nearly 500 of the most important figures of the Czech society, businessmen and senior Czech statesmen, including the deputy Prime Minister, minister of Finance, minister of Health, minister of Education, and a number of members of Parliament in the Czech Republic, in addition to Egyptian Ambassador in Prague Sa‘îd Hindâm, Egyptian Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs for European Affairs Badr ‘Abd al-‘Âtî, archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs and members of the Egyptian delegation. During his speech, Andrej Babiš referred to the depth of the relations between Egypt and the Czech Republic in all fields, including the fields of tourism and archaeological work. He thanked the Egyptian government for cooperating to hold this exhibition in light of the current circumstances amid the coronavirus pandemic, stressing the importance of this exhibition as it is the first exhibition of Egyptian antiquities in Prague BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 al-‘Inânî explained that this exhibition provides its visitors with a small glimpse of the Egyptian civilization, which encourages them to visit Egypt. The minister further pointed out that the pieces displayed in this exhibition had not left Egypt before and will be displayed in the Grand Egyptian Museum after the exhibition. Furthermore, al-‘Inânî spoke about the important archaeological and tourism projects that Egypt is undertaking, including the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) project scheduled to open in 2021; the project of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC); and the majestic procession that will be organized by the ministry to transport royal mummies from the Tahrîr Museum to the NMEC in Fustât. After the opening, a tour was organized for the attendees inside the museum in the form 80 Août 2020 of groups that included about 50 people per group. It is worth noting that this exhibition presents 90 artefacts unearthed by the excavations of the Czech mission in the archaeological area of Abûsîr. The exhibition is scheduled to last for six months, until February 2021, and the organizers of the exhibition expect 30,000 visitors to visit the exhibition during its stay in Prague. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities officially inaugurates ‘Kings of The Sun’ exhibition in Prague on Aug. 30”, Egypt Today, August 31, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « al-‘Inânî inaugure une exposition archéologique égyptienne à Prague », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 août ; “Ancient Egyptian 'Kings of the Sun' exhibition to open tonight in Prague”, Ahram Online, August 30; “Egypt’s Antiquities Minister inaugurates ‘Kings of the Sun’ exhibition in Prague”, Egypt Independent, August 31). - - Egypt’s Mallawî National Museum management appealed to its visitors to adhere to all precautionary measures when visiting the museum, which will be reopened starting September 1st, from 9 am until 3 pm, within the framework of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities decision to return museums closed since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Mallawî National Museum previously announced that an Ushabti statue was chosen to be "February Artefact". The statue was chosen based on public vote on the museum’s official Facebook page. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The museum was founded in June 1962 in Mallawî village, Minyâ governorate of Upper Egypt during the era of the late Egyptian President Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir. The museum contains an important collection of Ancient Egyptian artefacts. It houses several pieces from nearby sites like Tûna al-Gabal and Hermopolis. The objects displayed in the museum include animal mummies and statues. In August 2013, following the dispersal of the Râbi‘a and al-Nahda sit-ins, pro-Muslim Brotherhood protesters stormed the Mallawî Museum, leaving it almost completely looted. But, after three years of renovation, the Mallawî National Museum stands in even better shape than before. A total of 1,090 artefacts were stolen, and about 48 other pieces were destroyed, as they were too heavy for vandals to carry. The stolen objects include coins, jewels and statues dating from the beginning of Pharaonic history to Islam’s conquest. Over three years, the museum was restored with a cost of LE 11 million ($620,070) to re-open again in September 22, 2016. Now, the museum contains more than 1,000 objects, 503 of which are new pieces that were added after renovations. Minister of Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî previously inaugurated the museum along with ‘Isâm al-Bedawî Minyâ’s governor, in addition to a number of foreign ambassadors and heads of foreign archaeological institutes. al-‘Inânî declared during the opening ceremony that the Mallawî Museum restoration and re-opening is a step towards winning the battle against terrorism, in addition to highlighting how Egypt is continuously exerting efforts to preserve archaeological heritage. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Mallawî National Museum to be reopened on September 1st”, Egypt Today, August 31, 2020). - - 81 Août 2020 heritage and promote Egypt’s tourist destinations and archaeological treasures. Furthermore, al-’Inânî invited the Czech minister to attend the majestic procession of the royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Fustât. During his stay in the Czech capital Prague for the inauguration of the archaeological exhibition "Kings of the Sun", Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-’Inânî held a meeting with Czech Minister of Culture Lubomír Zaorálek to discuss means of boosting joint cooperation between the two countries in the field of archaeology and culture. al-’Inânî started the meeting by talking about the existing cooperation between Egypt and the Czech Republic in all fields, especially the fields of tourism and archaeological excavation. al-’Inânî thanked the Czech Ministry of Culture for the efforts it exerted to help Egypt recover a prehistoric ceramic vessel that left the country illegally. For his part, the Czech minister of Culture referred to the good relations and the various aspects of cooperation between Egypt and the Czech Republic in all fields, including the archaeological field, praising Egypt’s efforts to hold the "Kings of the Sun" exhibition, which was inaugurated at the National Museum in Prague. He also commended the efforts exerted by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to preserve Egypt’s archaeological BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 For his part, the Czech minister welcomed this invitation, expressing his enthusiasm for the idea of a mummies transport parade, which will be organized for the first time in history. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities meets with Czech culture Minister to discuss means of boosting cooperation”, Egypt Today, August 31, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie examine avec le ministre tchèque de la Culture le renforcement de la coopération bilatérale », al-Ahrâm, 31 août). - - 82 III – SEPTEMBRE 2020 Mardi 1er septembre 2020 will be opened soon; and the works at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, which is being prepared to receive the royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr for the first time in history in a prestigious transfer process. This is in addition to developments undergoing in the Grand Egyptian Museum project, which will be inaugurated in 2021. Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî gave a lecture at Charles University in the Czech capital, Prague, on the latest discoveries, openings, museums and new archaeological projects in Egypt. The minister reviewed the numerous archaeological discoveries that were made in Egypt during the last period, as well as the many museums and archaeological projects that have been opened to the public, thus contributing to further tourism promotion in Egypt. Among the most important of these discoveries is al-‘Asâsîf cache in 2019, which unveiled more than 30 coloured wooden coffins in the human form containing mummies of men, women and children, which are all in a great state of preservation. Some recent openings have also been mentioned, such as the restored Palace of the Baron Empain, which was inaugurated by President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî in June 2020 and was transformed into a museum narrating the history of Heliopolis. al-‘Inânî also mentioned the opening of many national museums, such as Suhâg National Museum, and Hurghada Museum. Furthermore, al-‘Inânî also noted the ongoing work to develop some museums, including the Royal Chariots Museum, which BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Egyptian minister also reviewed the precautionary measures and health safety controls that are applied in Egypt to ensure the health and safety of tourists, visitors and workers in the tourism sector, with the resumption of inbound tourism to Egypt in July and the resumption of cultural tourism as of Sept. 1. At the end of the lecture, the film "A Tourist’s Journey in Egypt", which was launched by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in June, was shown as part of its promotional campaign under the title “Same Great Feelings”, which amassed views exceeding 160 million on various social media platforms. This lecture came on the side-lines of the visit of the Egyptian minister of Tourism and Antiquities to the Czech capital to open the exhibition "Kings of the Sun", which is the first archaeological exhibition to be held in the Czech Republic and the largest exhibition of antiquities of the Old Kingdom. (Mustafa Marie, “al-‘Inânî reviews latest discoveries, openings and new archaeological projects in Egypt at Charles University in Prague”, Egypt Today, September 1st, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî donne une conférence à l’université Charles de Prague sur les dernières découvertes archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie donne une conférence à l’université Charles sur les dernières découvertes 83 Septembre 2020 archéologiques », septembre). Sada - al-Balad, 1er - - - The Central Egypt Antiquities Zone, which includes Minyâ, Asyût, Banî Swayf, and Fayyûm, will resume tourist voyages to 13 archaeological sites and two museums after a five-month hiatus brought on by measures against the coronavirus pandemic. The zone’s various tourist sites, museums and other locations have all been sterilized as part of precautionary measures. Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, représenté par l’Autorité générale pour la promotion touristique, a décerné des récompenses aux enfants âgés entre 5 et 12 ans ayant remporté le concours « Dessine les pyramides de Gîza ». 23 enfants ont participé à ce concours qui s’est tenu dans le cadre de l’initiative intitulée « Baladnâ alhilwa » (Notre beau pays). Une excursion a été organisée pour les enfants et leurs familles sur le plateau de Gîza où ils ont reçu des cadeaux, des souvenirs et quelques brochures sur les sites archéologiques. Ce concours vise à éduquer les enfants, à rehausser leur conscience patrimoniale et à leur donner envie de découvrir davantage l’histoire de la civilisation égyptienne. (Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie récompense les enfants ayant participé au concours Dessine les pyramides de Gîza », Sada al-Balad, 1er septembre 2020. Voir également Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, « Récompense des gagnants du concours Dessine les pyramides de Gîza », Ruz al-Yûsuf, 1er septembre ; Râmî Husayn, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie récompense les gagnants du concours Dessine les pyramides de Gîza », alDustûr, 1er septembre ; ‘Abdu Abû Ghunayma, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie récompense les enfants ayant participé au concours Dessine les pyramides de Gîza », alWatan, 2 septembre ; Fâtima al-Surûgî, « l’Autorité générale pour la promotion touristique récompense les gagnants du concours Dessine les pyramides de Gîza », alAhrâm, 2 septembre). BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Other measures in place include wearing masks, maintaining social distancing and limiting visitor numbers to no more than 15 at a time. Central Egypt Antiquities Zone head Gamal al-Simistâwî added that archaeological sites and museums will receive visitors from nine am to five pm daily. He urged all visitors to follow the precautionary measures to maintain public health. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced in August that all museums and archaeological sites nationwide will reopen starting September 1st, as cultural tourism activities resume in accordance with special measures approved by the ministry. Egypt has suspended flights and tourism in March as part of measures to combat the spread of coronavirus pandemic. Traffic in all Egyptian airports resumed since July 1st, in accordance with Egypt’s preventive and precautionary measures to coexist with the coronavirus. Beginning September 1st, all local and foreign passengers must provide a PCR analysis document proving they tested negative for coronavirus within 72 hours of reaching Egyptian territory. (“Egypt resumes tourist voyages to 13 archaeological sites and two museums”, Egypt Independent, September 1st, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Réouverture aujourd’hui des musées et sites archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er septembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « 29 musées accueillent à nouveau leurs visiteurs », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er septembre ; Muhammad al- 84 Septembre 2020 Iskandarânî, « Les musées et les sites archéologiques accueillent leurs visiteurs aujourd’hui », Sada al-Balad, 1er septembre ; Deutsche Presse-Agentur, « Réouverture au public des sites archéologiques égyptiens », al-Shurûq, 1er septembre). - - Mercredi 2 septembre 2020 Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a rencontré cette après-midi le vice-ministre polonais de l’Enseignement supérieur, le président de l’University of Warsaw, ainsi que le président du Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairo (PCMA). L’entretien a porté sur le renforcement de la coopération archéologique bilatérale. deux parties ont examiné les moyens de promotion du travail scientifique, la conservation et le développement des sites archéologiques. Le ministre égyptien a exprimé sa disposition à soutenir tous les aspects de coopération entre les deux pays. Une feuille de route a été élaborée, afin d’assurer l’échange d’expertises et des propositions visant à la sauvegarde des sites et des musées et à l’entraînement de leur personnel. L’entretien s’est clôturé par un échange de cadeaux et d’ouvrages scientifiques. (Hishâm Shawqî, « Coopération scientifique fructueuse entre l’Égypte et la Pologne », al-Masrî alYawm, 2 septembre 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Coopération égypto-polonaise dans les domaines archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 septembre ; Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, « al‘Inânî examine la promotion de la coopération entre l’Égypte et la Pologne », Ruz al-Yûsuf, 2 septembre ; Râmî Husayn, « al-‘Inânî examine la promotion de la coopération scientifique et archéologique avec la Pologne », al-Dustûr, 2 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Coopération égypto-polonaise dans les domaines archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 2 septembre ; MENA, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie examine le renforcement de la coopération avec l’Académie polonaise des sciences », al-Shurûq, 2 septembre). - - Jeudi 3 septembre 2020 A group of leaders of Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities inspected several archaeological sites and museums to follow up on all the precautionary and health safety measures followed within the various sites. This coincided with the reopening of archaeological sites and museums across the country, as part of the resumption of cultural tourism in Egypt that came to a halt in March 2020 due to COVID-19 epidemic. Ont assisté à cet entretien l’adjoint au ministre égyptien des Affaires étrangères, Badr ‘Abd al-‘Âtî, et l’ambassadeur d’Égypte en Pologne, S.E.M. Husâm al-Qâwîsh. Les BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Îmân Zaydân, assistant minister of Tourism and Antiquities for the development of archaeological areas, said that the tour began with an inspection of the Saqqâra Antiquities 85 Septembre 2020 area, then Prince Muhammad ‘Alî Palace Museum in Manyal, and the Sultan Qalâwwûn Group on al-Mu‘izz Street, whose residents were keen to celebrate the return of visitors with a performance by a group of young people with special needs who played traditional instruments such as the flute and drums. The leaders of the ministry were keen to ensure that all the safety and prevention measures were implemented for workers and visitors, by wearing masks, disinfecting the surfaces and floors of museums and archaeological sites daily before opening them for visits, measuring the temperature of visitors before they entered museums and archaeological sites, and determining places to stand in rows with stickers to maintain safe distances between people and providing visitors with hand sanitizers. (“Leaders of Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Ministry inspect various museums, archaeological sites”, Egypt Today, September 3, 2020. Voir également Muhammad Bakrî, « Une délégation du ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte différentes zones archéologiques à Aswân », al-Ahrâm, 11 septembre). - - Egypt’s House of Representatives on Wednesday amended Law 177/1983 on the protection of antiquities to punish people climbing up antiquities, or visiting archaeological sites and museums without a permit, with a one-month-imprisonment and/or fine ranging between LE10,000 and LE100,000. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 These punishments are doubled if any immoral and obscene acts are committed in the vicinity of the archaeological areas. The law aims at preserving Egypt’s cultural heritage, protecting antiquities, and recovering stolen artefacts. An American tourist in 2019 was arrested and released on LE5,000 bail for taking pornographic photos at the Gîza Pyramids. In the presence of an interpreter and a delegate from the US embassy, the suspect said that he was a comedian and had an account on social media followed by millions, so he wanted to photograph his exposed body and post it online to garner more attention. The prosecutor charged him and his friend of committing a flagrant act in a public area, but the tourist said he did not know that the act was illegal. Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities issued a statement back in 2018 to respond to the spread of a pornographic video filmed by a foreign photographer, accompanied by his girlfriend, atop the Great Pyramid of Gîza after the couple climbed it. “Regarding the short video circulated and published yesterday evening depicting two foreigners climbing the pyramid at night, before uploading an obscene picture of both them, Antiquities Minister Khâlid al-‘Inânî has decided to ascertain the truth and take necessary action,” the statement read. A similar video was posted online in 2014, which gained widespread attention in 2015 when local paper al-Masrî al-Yawm published a story on the incident, with screenshots that blurred out a woman’s breasts. The privately-owned paper described the video as depicting nudity and sex acts by Russian-speaking tourists, near the 4,500-yearold Gîza pyramids and the Sphinx. Reuters was unable to confirm the contents of the video. The earlier clip prompted a strong social media backlash, from across the relatively conservative Muslim country. (“Climbing up Egyptian antiquities without license now 86 Septembre 2020 punishable with 1-month imprisonment”, Egypt Independent, September 3, 2020. Voir également Mahmûd Husayn, « Peine de prison et amende de 100 000 L.E. pour sanctionner l’escalade des pyramides ou l’intrusion sur un site archéologique sans permis », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 3 septembre). - - Samedi 5 septembre 2020 Un forgeron a péri étouffé sous les éboulis lors de fouilles archéologiques clandestines qu’il effectuait sous les fondations d’un bâtiment situé à al-Shaykh Zâyid, sur l’autoroute désertique d’Alexandrie. L’enquête a révélé la présence de quatre complices qui ont été écroués. Le Parquet a été saisi. (Bahgat Abû Dayf, « Mort d’un forgeron lors de fouilles illicites à al-Shaykh Zâyid », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 septembre 2020. Voir également Ahmad Sharbâsh, « Un ouvrier trouve la mort lors de fouilles illicites à alShaykh Zâyid », al-Wafd, 2 septembre ; Mustafa Bakr, « Autopsie du corps d’un ouvrier décédé lors de fouilles clandestines à alShaykh Zâyid », al-Shurûq, 5 septembre ; Hamdî Dabsh, « Repêchage du corps d’un ouvrier décédé lors de fouilles illicites à alGîza », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 6 septembre). - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî expressed his happiness with this choice, saying that Hawwâs is the best Egyptian global ambassador to promote Egyptian tourism and antiquities. For his part, Hawwâs described this choice as a great responsibility, especially at this exceptional time as the world is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, stressing that new and distinguished solutions to the crisis must be presented, to promote Egyptian tourist destinations in particular and world tourism in general. (“Egypt’s archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs nominated as Tourism Ambassador at World Tourism Organization”, Egypt Today, September 6, 2020. Voir également Nevine ElAref, “Renowned Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs selected as UNWTO Ambassador for Responsible Tourism”, Ahram Online, September 6). - - - Dimanche 6 septembre 2020 On the side-lines of his recent visit to Egypt, the Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization indicated his intention to nominate Zâhî Hawwâs to be an Egyptian ambassador at the organization, in the footsteps of great international figures in various countries of the world. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Lors de la perquisition d’un domicile appartenant à un électricien, les policiers d’alKhânka ont découvert un puits carré de 1,5 m de diamètre sur 9 m de profondeur. Le propriétaire de la maison a avoué se livrer à des fouilles archéologiques illicites. Les outils de creusement ainsi que la maison ont été saisis et l’accusé déféré devant le Parquet. 87 Septembre 2020 (‘Abd al-Hakîm al-Gindî, « Un électricien fouille clandestinement sous sa maison à al-Khânka », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 6 septembre 2020. Voir également Ibrâhîm Sâlim, « Arrestation d’un électricien pour fouilles illicites sous sa maison à al-Khânka », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 septembre ; Hasan Sâlih, « Mise en examen d’un électricien pour fouilles illicites », al-Watan, 6 septembre ; Myriam Gabal, « Tentative de fouilles clandestines déjouée à al-Khânka », al-Dustûr, 6 septembre). - - Mardi 8 septembre 2020 opportunity to give them a public outlet to showcase their artistic talents among a local audience. The music festival is the first to be held in the al-Mu‘izz area, after all cultural activities were halted due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Organised by Pro Major, the festival is set to become an annual event aiming to offer a space for independent musicians and their creations. (“Old Cairo’s al-Mu‘izz Street to host first underground music festival”, Daily News Egypt, September 8, 2020). - - Mercredi 9 septembre 2020 The al-Rabaa Cultural Centre, located on Old Cairo’s al-Mu‘izz Street, will host its first festival for Egyptian underground music bands between 9 and 19 September. Over a period of nine days, 12 bands will perform at the centre’s “Tune Festival”, in the first festival for underground music. The festival will see a line-up of outstanding bands made up of alternative independent or underground musicians. Festival goers will be able to experience some of Egypt’s most famous bands at the festival, including Kawkab, Carisma, Ko7etee, Tarkeba, Rouh Project, Dorgy, Sabry Makin’s, Jazz-Zone, Rai-na, and Oscarisma. The festival’s activities open with a classical concert performed by the Sinatras band. The festival will, on its second night, also host a Sufi night, performed by El-Hadra, with the closing ceremony to feature singer Ali El-Alfy and the Sinatras. The Tune Festival is the first carnival experience of its kind on al-Mu‘izz Street, and is set to shed light on new underground music bands in Egypt. It is also an important BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Part of the training provided by Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities - photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organized a training course to rehabilitate workers in the Gîza Pyramids antiquities area on how to deal with all visitors and tourists in light of the precautionary measures in place to confront COVID-19. Advisor to the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Training Affairs Suhâ Bahgat explained that this training course comes within the framework of the plan set by the ministry to raise the efficiency of workers in the tourism and antiquities sector and raise tourism awareness among those dealing with tourists in various archaeological sites, museums and tourism facilities, in a way that contributes to improving the quality of services provided to tourists and visitors. It should be noted that these training courses are carried out in cooperation between the tourism activities sector, the 88 Septembre 2020 ministry’s interior Governorate. offices, and Gîza A group of specialized employees of the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, as well as doctors in veterinary medicine, participated in training the participants in the course. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities organizes training course for workers in Gîza Pyramids antiquities area”, Egypt Today, September 9, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme organise un stage pour le personnel de Gîza », Sada al-Balad, 8 septembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme organise un stage pour les travailleurs de la zone archéologique des pyramides », Watanî, 8 septembre). - - On September 8, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected the Grand Egyptian Museum in alRimâya Square to follow up on the developments of the museum’s exhibiting scenario. museum al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, and ‘Îsa Zaydân, director general of executive affairs for the restoration and transfer of antiquities at the museum. The inspection tour included the lobby, the great staircase and the exhibition halls of the treasures of King Tutankhamun. During the tour that lasted 3 hours, the minister praised the efforts exerted by the museum’s work team to transfer, install and display the artefacts, stressing that the team has taken care of the smallest details to enrich the exhibiting scenario and highlight the beauty of the ancient Egyptian civilization. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities embarks on inspection tour at Grand Egyptian Museum on Sept. 8”, Egypt Today, September 9, 2020. Voir également « al-‘Inânî inspecte les dernières retouches apportées au GEM », al-Shurûq, 8 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte les salles du GEM », Sada al-Balad, 8 septembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte les salles du GEM », Watanî, 8 septembre). - - Vendredi 11 septembre 2020 During the tour, al-‘Inânî was accompanied by General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum and the surrounding area project ‘Âtif Muftâh, Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, Director General of archaeological affairs at the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî, a annoncé 89 Septembre 2020 que le musée de Louqsor a reçu une collection de sarcophages en provenance de la cachette de Bâb al-Qusus, d’un autre sarcophage de la cachette de Montou, ainsi que mille ouchebtis en provenance des fouilles archéologiques d’al-Ghurayfa située à Tûna al-Gabal. De son côté, le président du département des musées, Mu’min ‘Uthmân, a précisé que cette initiative s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un plan visant à enrichir et moderniser les scénarios muséologiques dans certains musées dans les différents gouvernorats. Les collections reçues par le musée de Louqsor regroupent également deux sarcophages de la XXVIe dynastie, un autre sarcophage datant de l’époque grécoromaine, ainsi qu’une collection de vases canopes en calcaire, un ouchebti de Ptah Mis en forme de momie et une base de statue décorée de têtes en granite. (Muhammad alSamkûrî, « Le musée de Louqsor réceptionne de nouvelles pièces archéologiques dont 1 000 ouchebtis », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 11 septembre 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mura‘î, « 1 000 ouchebtis des fouilles de Minyâ cadeau au musée de Louqsor », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 11 septembre ; MENA, « 1 000 ouchebtis et une collection de sarcophages exposés au musée de Louqsor », Sada alBalad, 11 septembre). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Dimanche 13 septembre 2020 Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has completed the preparations for the temporary exhibition of some of King Tutankhamun’s treasures, which are displayed for the first time in Hurghada Museum. That came after Antiquities’ decision pieces that belong Hurghada Museum, inaugurated. the Supreme Council of to temporarily display 10 to the Golden King in which has recently been The temporary exhibition aims to attract tourists in Hurghada to see the treasures of the young king for the first time, and learn about the ancient Egyptian civilization and the importance of art and life for the ancient Egyptians. The artefacts selected for temporary display in the Hurghada Museum narrate part of the young king’s life, in addition to highlighting the beauty and sophistication of ancient Egyptian art. 90 Septembre 2020 After the temporary exhibition ends in Hurghada, the pieces will be transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum, scheduled to open in 2021. The gilded wooden statue of the deity Ptah is the main piece of the exhibition. d’Hurghada », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 10 septembre ; “Antiquities Minister inaugurates Tutankhamun exhibition in Hurghada”, Egypt Independent, September 12). - - Mardi 15 septembre 2020 The installed walker with a canopy was included in the developing works in the Philae Temples area in Aswan - photo via Egypt’s Min. of Tourism & Antiquities The artefacts set to be displayed in Hurghada Museum include an ushabti statue wearing a golden ferret, a colourful canopy pot lid in the shape of the king’s head, an ushabti statue wearing a doodle crown and holding a comet and sceptre, an ushabti statue wearing a wig, a cobra made of bronze, a gold necklace, a stopper of coloured wood placed inside a trumpet made of silver and another made of gilded silver, a blue faience headrest, Tutankhamun’s chair inlaid with ebony and ivory, the king’s bowl that takes the form of an open lotus flower, and a mirror box made of gilded wood inlaid with glass and agate. The finishing touches have been completed in preparation for the opening of the temporary exhibition of the Golden King Tutankhamun in the Hurghada Museum. (Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about exhibiting King Tutankhamun’s artefacts in Hurghada Museum”, Egypt Today, September 13, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie s’apprête à inaugurer une exposition sur Toutankhamon au musée d’Hurghada », alAhrâm, 9 septembre ; Muhammad al-Sayyid, « Mise au point du scénario muséologique de l’exposition Toutankhamon au musée BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities has completed the project to develop the Philae Temples area in Aswân, where an internal marina was built for the area and waiting places for visitors, in addition to raising the efficiency of the lighting system. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî explained that the project comes within the Council’s plan to develop museums and archaeological sites nationwide and that work began on the project on February 2020, so that the temple would have two entrances to regulate the movement of tourists and avoid crowds. Director General of Aswân and Nubia Antiquities ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd added that the dimensions of the new marina are 24 m x 6 m and it has waiting seats, a private bridge with a length of 18 meters, in addition to a walker with a canopy. New lighting poles have also been installed to develop the lighting system in the area. (“Egypt’s project to develop the Philae Temples area in Aswân completed”, Egypt Today, September 15, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Fin des travaux de réaménagement des temples de Philae à Aswân », Sada al-Balad, 15 septembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Achèvement des travaux de réaménagement des temples de Philae à 91 Septembre 2020 Aswân », Watanî, 15 septembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Achèvement des travaux de réaménagement des temples de Philae à Aswân », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 16 septembre). - - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, accompanied by Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, inspected work on raising the efficiency and restoration of 29 rams, located in the first courtyard of the Karnak Temples. The statues consist of 29 statues of rams, located inside the temple behind the first pylon. It was in a poor state of preservation due to the faulty restoration work done on it in the early seventies when constructing the sound and light project at the Karnak Temple Complex. These rams were restored and raised on a layer of modern rubble covered with cement mortar, red bricks and small pieces of stones, which negatively affected them. Underground water was allowed to seep in between its lower part, and to reach the base of the ram, which led to the transformation of some parts of it into sand powder. The restoration project places these statues respectively on pillars on top of adjacent stone bases. Also, the floor of these bases will be treated, protected from groundwater, and returned to its original place. The weight of each ram is about 5 tons and a half and it represents the god Amun-Ra and his symbol, the ram in ancient Egypt. It was the symbol of strength and fertility for the ancient Egyptians. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The idea of the restoration depends on two axes, the first of which is to move the rams from their place and dig a trench approximately 2 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep, then filling the trench floor with modern gravel and sand. The second axis of the restoration is the study of the inscriptions, writings and scenes on the bases of these rams. It is the first time in the history of archaeological studies and research that these rare inscriptions are highlighted and studied. This mega project is scheduled to be completed around mid-2021. (Mustafa Marie, “All you need to know about restoration works of 29 ram statues in Karnak Temples”, Egypt Today, September 15, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le projet de restauration des 29 sphinx criocéphales du temple de Karnak », alMasrî al-Yawm, 11 septembre ; Shams Yûnis, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte le projet de restauration des 29 sphinx criocéphales à Louqsor », Sada al-Balad, 11 septembre ; MENA, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie suit les travaux de restauration des 29 sphinx criocéphales du temple de Karnak », al-Shurûq, 11 septembre ; Ahmad Mura‘î, « Achèvement de la restauration de 29 sphinx criocéphales », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 septembre). - - A scarf was recently discovered in King Tutankhamun’s tomb, and is now safely located in the Conservation Center of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Sarah Ismâ‘îl, a restoration specialist at the Grand Egyptian Museum, said that the piece 92 Septembre 2020 was among the possessions of King Tutankhamun and was received by the Organic Antiquities Laboratory. Ismâ‘îl noted that the piece was stretched over a kind of fabric. “When the piece was unfolded, we discovered inscriptions on it in the front part of the scarf, which is currently being deciphered” concluded Ismail. (Mustafa Marie, “King Tutankhamun’s tomb never runs out of surprises”, Egypt Today, September 15, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Restauration de l’écharpe découverte dans la tombe de Toutankhamon », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 15 septembre). - - The recently discovered Tutankhamun’s scarf - ET According to Ismâ‘îl, at first glance the scarf appeared as an unclear mass, however, after the studies that are made on each piece the laboratory receives, the tests, analysis and imaging using the Yd and RI bulbs, it then becomes known whether the layers are coherent or not. Mercredi 16 septembre 2020 She explained that a work plan had been prepared, as the piece was in a moderate, and not bad condition. Ismâ‘îl also explained that it is possible to unfold the piece by using modern devices in the laboratory, such as the urtlas-quonk, which is a water vapor device, through which it can moisten the piece and spread it. People walk as a new superhighway cuts across desert within a view of the Red Pyramid, the world’s third tallest, and the Bent Pyramid behind in Giza, Egypt September 5, 2020. REUTERS/staff Egypt is building two highways across the pyramids plateau outside Cairo, reviving and expanding a project that was suspended in the 1990s after an international outcry. The Great Pyramids, Egypt’s top tourist destination, are the sole survivor of the seven wonders of the ancient world and the plateau is a UNESCO world heritage site. According to Ismâ‘îl, the piece after spreading reached a length of about 4 meters and 80 cm and that the restoration took about three weeks. After the piece was fully fitted to its length on the ground, another challenge emerged which is how to design a stand for that piece’s length. There is no carton of this length, and therefore connections have been made inside the carton, said Ismâ‘îl. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The highways are part of an infrastructure push spearheaded by Egypt’s powerful military and championed by President ‘Abd alFattâh al-Sîsî, who is building a new capital city to ease the population pressure on Cairo, home to 20 million people. The northern highway will cross the desert 2.5 km (1.6 miles) south of the Great Pyramids. The southern one will pass between the Step Pyramid of Saqqâra — the oldest one — and the Dahshûr area, home to the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid. Each highway appears to be about eight lanes wide. 93 Septembre 2020 Critics say they could cause irrevocable damage to one of the world’s most important heritage sites. Authorities say they will be built with care and improve transport links, connecting new urban developments and bypassing central Cairo’s congestion. Construction began well over a year ago in desert areas largely out of public sight and became more visible around March, Egyptologists and Google Earth images indicate. “The roads are very, very important for development, for Egyptians, for inside Egypt,” said Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities. “Know that we take good care of our antiquities sites everywhere in Egypt.” Some Egyptologists and conservationists say the highways will disrupt the integrity of the pyramids plateau, pave over unexplored archaeological sites, generate pollution that could corrode monuments, produce litter and expose closed areas packed with hidden archaeological treasures to looting. Wazîrî said existing roads were much closer to the pyramids and carried a lot of tourist buses. “That is why we are doing a lot of development,” he said, noting plans to use electric tourist buses within the plateau to avoid pollution. The highways, which will dissect the plateau into three, will cross a section of ancient Memphis, one of the world’s biggest and most influential cities for almost 3,000 years. “I was flabbergasted by what I saw,” said former senior UNESCO official Said Zulficar, who visited a portion of the southern highway two months ago. “All the work that I had done nearly 25 years ago is now being put into question.” Zulficar led a successful campaign in the mid 1990s to suspend construction of the northern highway, a branch of Cairo’s first Ring Road. UNESCO said it had requested detailed information on the new plan several times and asked to send a monitoring mission. The state press centre referred a Reuters request for further comment on the plans to a communications advisor of the tourism and antiquities ministry, who could not be reached. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 On a recent visit, Reuters journalists saw heavy machinery clearing fields and building bridges and junctions along both highways. Hundreds of uprooted date palms lay in piles. The southern highway is a part of Cairo’s second Ring Road that will connect the western satellite city of Sixth of October to the new capital city east of Cairo via 16 km of desert on the pyramids plateau, farmland and a corner of Memphis. In 2014, the World Bank estimated congestion in the greater Cairo area cut about 3.6 percentage points off Egypt’s output. “The road cuts through archaeologically unexplored cemeteries of the little-known 13th Dynasty, in walking distance of the pyramids of Pepi II and Khendjer and the Mastabat elFara’un”, said an Egyptologist who knows the area. The person was among six Egyptologists Reuters spoke to. Most of them declined to be named for fear of losing clearance to handle antiquities. One said caches of statues and blocks with hieroglyphs had been unearthed since highway construction began; the antiquities authority said on its Facebook page these had been discovered on nearby private property. Memphis, said to have been founded in about 3,000 B.C. when Egypt was united into a single country, was eclipsed but not abandoned when Alexander the Great moved the capital to Alexandria in 331 B.C. 94 Septembre 2020 It extended more than 6 square kilometres, the Nile valley’s largest ancient settlement site. artefacts from the collection of Islamic art in Cairo. The new road comes close to the ancient city’s commercial districts, its harbour walls and the former site of an ancient Nilometer, used to measure the height of the annual flood, said David Jeffreys, a British Egyptologist who has been working on Memphis for the Egypt Exploration Society since 1981. It also endangers a Roman wall that once bordered the Nile that Jeffreys said few people were aware of. “Memphis has long been neglected, even by Egyptologists, as it is a complicated site to excavate,” another Egyptologist said. “But it is enormously rich, bursting with temples, archives, administrative buildings and industrial areas.” (Reuters, “Egypt cuts highways across pyramids plateau, alarming conservationists”, Egypt Independent, September 16, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie nie l’aménagement de deux autoroutes dans la zone des pyramides de Gîza », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 17 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme nie l’aménagement de deux autoroutes dans la zone des pyramides de Gîza », Sada al-Balad, 17 septembre ; Amâl Raslân, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie nie l’aménagement de routes à l’intérieur de la zone des pyramides de Gîza », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 17 septembre). - - Jeudi 17 septembre 2020 Egypt’s Cabinet approved holding a temporary exhibition of antiquities at the Ithraa Museum in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The exhibition will be held from November 2020 to November 2022, and that includes preparation periods, packaging, transportation and shipping. The exhibition will include 84 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture also known as Ithraa - photo via M.B On September 17, Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî chaired the weekly Cabinet meeting to follow up on a number of different files. (“Egypt’s Cabinet agrees to hold temporary exhibition of Islamic antiquities in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia”, Egypt Today, September 17, 2020). - - Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a visité le musée national géorgien où il a été reçu par son directeur. Les deux responsables ont examiné les moyens de renforcement de la coopération bilatérale dans le domaine archéologique et l’échange d’expertise entre le musée national géorgien et le Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC). 95 Septembre 2020 Par ailleurs, les deux responsables se sont mis d’accord sur l’organisation d’une exposition temporaire des antiquités égyptiennes en Géorgie. Le Conseil Suprême des Antiquités et le musée national géorgien s’emploieront à renforcer leurs liens en vue de promouvoir les deux civilisations. (Hishâm Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî approuve la tenue d’une exposition archéologique égyptienne en Géorgie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 17 septembre 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie annonce l’organisation d’une exposition archéologique égyptienne en Géorgie », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 17 septembre ; Safiyya Munîr, « al-‘Inânî annonce l’organisation d’une exposition archéologique en Géorgie », alShurûq, 17 septembre ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « al-‘Inânî : Organisation d’une exposition archéologique égyptienne en Géorgie », Sada al-Balad, 17 septembre; Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, « al-‘Inânî visite le musée national géorgien », Ruz al-Yûsuf, 17 septembre). - - Samedi 19 septembre 2020 Major General ‘Atif Muftâh, General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum Project, announced that a team of conservation professionals from the Organic Laboratory at the GEM Conservation Centre worked tirelessly to conserve the cuirass of King Tutankhamun. These distinguished conservators are Minat Allah Muhammad, Muhammad ‘Ayyâd, Safwat al-Sayyid and Muhammad Yusrî. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Muftâh further stated that it is within the policy of the GEM to overcome challenges and difficulties in all aspects to protect and display Egyptian heritage. This strategy highlights the GEM’s plan to conserve, prepare and maintain the entire collection of King Tutankhamun for display for the first time in one gallery measuring 75000 square meters. Dr al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, Director General of Archaeological Affairs, stated that the use of this type of military cuirasses in leather is rare in ancient Egypt. This artefact is especially unique as it wasn’t made of metal units fixed onto a linen support, but was constructed of intertwined leather units fixed onto a linen support to provide protection for the chest. Dr Husayn Kamâl, General Director of Conservation Affairs, explained that since the discovery of the king’s tomb in 1922, the cuirass had suffered from severe damage and that most of the leather units had detached from their linen support. The leather units themselves were very fragile and some were missing. It had been a difficult exercise to restore the cuirass in the 96 Septembre 2020 1920s, when Alfred Lucas the English restorer who worked with Howard Carter used paraffin wax to stabilise it. conservation center conserves Tutankhamun’s cuirass which will be displayed for the 1st time”, Egypt Today, September 19, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Achèvement de la restauration au GEM d’une cuirasse de Toutankhamon », al-Shurûq, 18 septembre ; MENA, « Fin de la restauration au GEM d’une cuirasse exceptionnelle de Toutankhamon », Sada al-Balad, 18 septembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Fin de la restauration d’une cuirasse exceptionnelle de Toutankhamon », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 septembre). - - The cuirass had remained in the Egyptian Museum storerooms and had never been on display due to its bad condition, until it was transported to the GEM. Egypt is currently witnessing radical changes in its infrastructure in order to build a better country and achieve a better future for successive generations. Studies have been conducted on the linen and leather to help understand the patterns and shapes of the leather units in order to classify and understand their original locations on the linen support. A number of national projects were launched following the challenging time that led to the June 30 Revolution. Among these projects are the Grand Egyptian Museum and the development of the Gîza Plateau, and how the region will be transformed by linking these two sites. Gîza is a global tourist attraction and a highlight of Egypt’s Tourist Map. Recently a number of people have stated that two highways have been built through the Gîza Plateau near Cairo, claiming its impact will damage one of the Seven Wonders of the World. These studies involved state-of-the-art investigation and analysis techniques. Preliminary studies and preparation of the conservation work-plan took two months, and the execution of the conservation works and preparation of the display-mount took about a month. This cuirass has been preserved by Egyptian specialists; it is a unique and special object and will be displayed for the first time to the public. Yet another achievement of the GEM Project that we want to share with the world, attesting to the skill and dedication invested to protect and preserve our civilisation and cultural heritage. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egypt would never randomly, and without comprehensive and adequate studies by a group of specialists and experts, inflict such damage. Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, General Supervisor of the GEM Project, stated that there are fundamental differences between solutions, a quick remedy and radical solutions. What we are currently undertaking in Egypt are radical solutions. We conduct an exhaustive study of the problem from its roots before we start to deal with it. Although they are difficult remedies to any problem, we must consider our decisions for the long term. 97 Septembre 2020 Over the last 50 years not all decisions have been beneficial; however, these current radical decisions have been made with the future generations in mind. réaménagement du plateau des pyramides change la carte touristique égyptienne », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 17 septembre). - - Major General Muftâh stated that the construction of this road is currently going through a very rigorous investigation process. Under investigation is the extent of impact that this road may have on the surrounding areas, while achieving a smooth flow of traffic. There is a need to reach the best conditions possible because traffic fluidity achieves fuel and time efficiency, which benefits the psychological comfort of our society; thus, benefiting us to a large extent. Muftâh added that the State at the present time is carefully focusing on what it is making now. Decision-makers do not look at things in isolation. In order to choose the best results many studies and scenarios are carried out to the highest degree, every problem has a first and second alternative — and there may be a third solution, we then make a comparison between all alternatives before a plan is enacted. Muftâh confirmed without reservation and categorically that the State would never allow a road to be built over an archaeological area. In reference to those who love to appear on television channels to criticize; they will not deter our energy and determination to build a better future. The General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum Project said that the State takes serious and deliberate decisions and is far from being just a quick remedy and media chaos. Road construction in Egypt is done after careful scientific studies. The State will not be affected by those who want to break our resolve. (“Egypt’s GEM general supervisor confirms that state will not allow building on archaeological area”, Egypt Today, September 19, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le projet de BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) received a collection of 2,000 artefacts from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr and the storage galleries of Tell al-Yahûdiyya and Gîza Plateau. The artefacts will be restored and exhibited at the GEM. Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, general supervisor of the GEM project and the surrounding area, said the artefacts were transferred amid tight security measures by the Tourism and Antiquities Police and under the supervision of the museum’s restorers and curators. With the new collection, the GEM has thus far received 54,000 objects. Muftâh said among the most important artefacts are two red granite columns of King Ramses II, each weighing 13 tons and measuring 6 metres high. The columns will be on display at the GEM’s Grand Staircase. al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, director-general of Archaeological Affairs at the GEM, explained that among the transferred objects are a group of 54 artefacts from the treasures of King Tutankhamun, including a set of gold 98 Septembre 2020 jewellery and necklaces, as well as a gilded wooden statue depicting the young king, with a stick in one hand and a flail in the other, standing on the back of a leopard, wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt, and on his forehead the sacred uraeus and a wide beaded necklace that covers his chest and shoulders. ‘Abbâs added that a distinguished collection from different eras, from the Old to the New Kingdom, was among the transported items. The most important of these is a double statue of the writer of Atun Temple in Tell al-Amarna, the so-called MeryRe, who later changed his name to Mery-Atun. The statue was found by the Dutch-British archaeological mission several years ago at Saqqâra Necropolis. The double statue is characterised by high artistic technique in terms of features, clothes and excellent details of wigs, bras, and pleated clothes. From Tell al-Yahûdiyya the GEM received pottery vessels, silver coins and a group of metal statues. ‘Îsa Zaydân, director-general of the Executive Affairs for the Restoration and Transportation of Antiquities at the GEM, affirmed the museum will open in 2021. He BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 added that 47 wooden pieces were transferred from Khufu’s second solar boat at the Pyramid, bringing the total number of wooden pieces transferred to the GEM from the boat to 1,053. He pointed out that before packing and transportation, a report was written about each piece to state its preservation means. The Boy King’s collection is currently being restored at the GEM’s lab centre. (Nevine ElAref, “Grand Egyptian Museum receives 2,000 artefacts for restoration, display”, Ahram Online, September 19, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le GEM réceptionne 2 000 pièces antiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 19 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le GEM reçoit 2 000 pièces archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 19 septembre ; Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM receives more artefacts from Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, September 20). - - Dimanche 20 septembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî inspected the New Administrative Capital’s Museum on September 20, in order to follow up on the developments of its workflow in preparation for its opening soon. 99 Septembre 2020 During the tour, al-‘Inânî was accompanied by Assistant to the President of the State for Financial Affairs Muhammad Amîn, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, and Chairman of the Supreme Committee for Museums Scenario ‘Alî ‘Umar, along with members of the committee. The visit included a tour at the main hall of the museum and the halls attached to it, inspecting the equipment of the several halls, as showcases are now being placed according to the scenario for the museum display of the artefacts. During the tour, al-‘Inânî directed the addition of more artefacts from various ancient Egyptian, Coptic and Islamic eras to enrich the museum display scenario and to give an integrated picture of the Egyptian capitals in the different historical eras. on Sept. 20”, Egypt Today, September 20, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « al‘Inânî recommande d’enrichir le musée de la nouvelle capitale avec plus de pièces archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 septembre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme inspecte le musée de la nouvelle capitale », al-Ahrâm, 20 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « al-‘Inânî inspecte le musée de la nouvelle capitale », Sada alBalad, 20 septembre ; « Le ministre du Tourisme inspecte l’avancement des travaux du musée de la nouvelle capitale », al-Shurûq, 20 septembre ; “New Administrative Capital’s Museum to house a plethora of artifacts about Egypt’s historical capitals”, Egypt Independent, September 21). - - He also directed to draw up a map of sites of the various Egyptian capitals throughout the ages, in addition to placing pictorial panels for all the current Egyptian governorates. The museum’s external display area will also be developed to exhibit some artefacts and create a landscape design for green areas to be planted with papyrus and lotus flowers, the symbol of the north and the south in ancient Egypt. al-‘Inânî has stressed the necessity to expedite the completion of all scheduled works with the highest efficiency, promising intensive visits during the upcoming period to follow up on the completion of work according to the schedule set for it. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister inspects New Administrative Capital Museum BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Les travaux de destruction de l’église anglicane, située sur le tracé du Dromos, ont commencé. Cette église, vieille de plus de cent ans, entravait la poursuite de la deuxième phase de réaménagement du Dromos. Pour dédommager la communauté anglicane de Louqsor, une nouvelle église de substitution a été construite à l’est de la voie ferrée. Au cours des derniers mois, les travaux de ressuscitation du Dromos reliant les temples 100 Septembre 2020 de Louqsor et de Karnak, ont bien avancé. Ce projet bénéficie d’un grand soutien de tous les organismes de l’État. Avant la pandémie du coronavirus, les opérations s’enchaînaient à toute allure. Les habitants de Nag‘ Abû ‘Usba ont été dédommagé après la destruction de leurs maisons aux mois de février et mars 2020. (Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Destruction de l’église anglicane qui entrave le projet du Dromos », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 septembre 2020. Voir également Hamâda ‘Âshûr, « Après la construction d’une nouvelle église, destruction de l’église anglicane sur le Dromos », al-Shurûq, 15 septembre). - - the museum and the Ring Road which leads to it. — The decision to expropriate ownership for the public benefit was issued in favour of constructing al-Fayyûm tunnel. It is one of the most important decisions that change the features of the region, which will help secure the tourists while entering and exiting. — Random parking spaces and encroachments have been removed along the road. The road will be diverted from alFayyûm Road directly to al-Mansûriyya axis, turning the area into a unified space and an open museum. — Establishment of a walkway of 2 km in length and half a kilometre in width from the museum site to the Gîza pyramids is underway. Imaginary photo of the Gîza Pyramid’s surrounding area once development works are completed - ET Transforming Gîza into the capital of world tourism is a goal that the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities seeks to reach through a plan to transform the area surrounding the Pyramids of Gîza and the Grand Egyptian Museum into a tourist service area of the highest international standards. According to ‘Âtif Muftâh, the supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum and the surrounding area, the area’s development plan includes establishing a project to create a cable car as well as a tourist and cultural service area, according to the following plan: — The surrounding area reaches about 9,400 acres. Its borders from the north and south are the regional Ring Road, while alMansûriyya Lake lays on its eastern side and al-Fayyûm Road and the Wahât Road are on its western side. — The state took several decisions, the last of which was to annex 52 acres behind the Grand Egyptian Museum in the area between BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 — During the upcoming days, the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities will receive offers and studies submitted by three major international companies to establish a cable car linking the Grand Egyptian Museum and the Pyramids Plateau. — The proposed cable car project also includes linking the Pyramids Plateau with some important hotels. There will be networks linking the regions and towers with ten stations to move through. — The cable car route passes from the area behind the museum away from its facade, passing by al-Fayyûm Road, and parallel to the road to a station outside the archaeological area of the pyramids. — A series of studies are being conducted to ensure that the cable car route is far from the archaeological area in a way that guarantees the preservation of the historical identity of the place, and that its presence does not constitute a visual distortion. — The Grand Egyptian Museum and the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât will be linked at a future stage by a metro line so that visitors are able to take a trip along the Citadel, Fustât, the Pyramids and the Grand Egyptian Museum. 101 Septembre 2020 — The Shooting Club has been evacuated. It will be annexed to the area surrounding the museum. Cultural and tourism activities will be held there. — Two north and south roads were created to separate the shooting club on an area of 117 acres, consisting of four lanes in each direction, in addition to developing Alexandria Road to have four other lanes in each direction. This aims to end the crowding on the road that leads to the museum. The burial shaft was found adjected to another shaft that was uncovered last week filled with 13 intact coffins. The coffins are 2,500 years old and still retain some of their original colours. The discovery was made by an Egyptian archaeological mission headed by Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities at the Saqqâra archaeological site. — Two uphill lanes and two descending lanes were built on the Ring Road, along with two lanes for the northern road, bringing the total number of roads leading to the Ring Road to 14. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities plans to convert Gîza into capital of world tourism”, Egypt Today, September 20, 2020). - - The total number of unearthed coffins in the area has reached 27 and continued excavation is expected to reveal more secrets. A collection 14 intact wooden coffins was unearthed two days ago in a burial shaft in Saqqâra Necropolis. Wazîrî said that all the details about the discovery will be announced soon in a press conference held in Saqqâra. (Nevine El-Aref, “More intact wooden coffins unearthed in Egypt’s Saqqâra necropolis”, Ahram Online, September 20, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Mise au jour à Saqqâra d’un puits profond contenant 13 sarcophages scellés depuis 2 500 ans », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 septembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Mise au jour à Saqqâra d’un puits profond contenant plus de 13 sarcophages », Watanî, 6 septembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Découverte de 14 nouveaux sarcophages à Saqqâra », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 septembre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Nouvelle découverte archéologique à Saqqâra », alAhrâm, 20 septembre). BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 102 Septembre 2020 Lundi 21 septembre 2020 ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le CSA annonce la découverte d’un sarcophage et d’ouchebtis à al-Ghurayfa », al-Ahrâm, 21 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Mise au jour d’un sarcophage et d’ouchebtis à al-Ghurayfa », Sada al-Balad, 21 septembre ; “Egypt announces discovery of limestone sarcophagus and ushabti statues more than 2,500 years old”, Egypt Independent, September 22). - - Mardi 22 septembre 2020 The Egyptian mission headed by secretary general of the supreme council of antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî announced the discovery of a burial shaft that houses a limestone sarcophagus and a number of Ushabti statues in Tûna al-Gabal archaeological area in Minyâ. Wazîrî explained that the newly discovered well was found at a depth of 5 meters, in which there is a sarcophagus made of limestone that has inscriptions depicting the four children of Horus, in good condition, next to it, a group of Ushabti statues. Wazîrî further added that the initial inspection work indicated that this person was called Jahouti Umm Hoteb from the 26th Dynasty, and he held the position of supervisor of the Thrones and that he was the son of Guarda East, whose coffin was revealed by the mission in its first excavation season in 2018. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities uncovers a burial shaft that houses a limestone sarcophagus, Ushabti statues”, Egypt Today, September 21, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Découverte d’un sarcophage et d’ouchebtis à alGhurayfa », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 21 septembre ; BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 A group of researchers were able to restore the face of an ancient Egyptian mummy belonging to a child. The mummy was found in the eighties in a cemetery near the Pyramid of Hawwâra, southwest of Cairo. The mummy was for a small child, who was infected with a deadly disease, most likely pneumonia. His small body was prepared for embalming and burial. Some of his organs were removed, his remains were wrapped in intersecting linen covers, and a picture of his face was attached to the front of the mummy. This so-called "mummy image" was part of a common tradition among some Egyptians in the Greco-Roman period, from the first century until the third century AD. But how accurate are these pictures? 103 Septembre 2020 To find out, a team of scientists in Austria and Germany examined the body of this little boy and made a 3D digital reconstruction of his face. The project, which is the first of its kind to compare a mummy image of a young child from ancient Egypt with his reconstructed face, researchers chose the mummy of this boy. The 30-inch (78 cm) mummy, which dates back to 50 BC - 100 AD, is now in the Egyptian Museum in Munich. The team examined the mummy with an xray in 1984, so they could create a digital, three-dimensional image of the boy’s body. The CT scan revealed the removal of the boy’s brain and some of his stomach organs, which is a common practice during mummification in ancient Egypt. The results show that the image was fairly accurate, except for one aspect — making the young artist appear 3 or 4 years older, according to the study’s lead researcher Andreas Nerlich’s (director of the Pathology Institute at the Academic Clinic in Munich, Bogenhausen, Germany) comments to Live Science. “It may have been the result of a technical agreement at the time,” Nerlich said. However, this single photograph does not reveal whether it was a common practice of ancient Egyptian artists to make young people appear older in their mummy portraits. Of the nearly 1,000 mummy portraits recovered from Greco-Roman Egypt, only about 100 remain attached to the mummy. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Nerlich said that the growth of the bones and teeth revealed the boy’s age when he died, most likely due to pneumonia, and they noticed “condensed lung tissue remnants” on the CT scan. The researchers then focused on the boy’s face, writing in the study that the boy’s picture showed “curly hair with two woven strands of hair extending from the top to the ears.” The researchers added, "The boy has large brown eyes, a long, thin nose, and a small mouth with full lips. He wore a necklace hanging around his neck with a small medallion." To reconstruct the appropriate thickness of the skin, the researchers relied on criteria taken from modern children between the ages of 3 and 8. The researchers said the reconfigured face depended on the shape of his skull and teeth, while the boy’s skin, hair 104 Septembre 2020 colour and hair style depended on the painting. In the study, the researchers wrote that the facial reconstruction was "very similar" to the image, where the dimensions of the forehead to the eye line, and the distance from the nose to the mouth "are exactly the same in the image and the reconstruction." enfant découvert près de la pyramide de Hawwâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 septembre). - - Renowned Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs said that Brigitte Goebzel’s claims that Egypt has not submitted an official request to restore Nefertiti’s head statue for decades, is not true at all, stressing that Goebzel, the press and information officer at the Cultural Heritage Foundation in charge of the affairs of state museums in Berlin, clearly knows nothing about this matter. They continued, “However, there were differences between the width of the bridge of the nose and the size of the mouth opening, both are much leaner and cramped in the image than the virtual reconstruction." The two are very similar, Nerlich said, "The picture was probably prepared in a short period before or after his death." This was not always the case for the mummy portraits. Previous studies of adult individuals whose portraits were attached to their mummies show that while some are very similar to reality, others are not. One mummy of an old man with a grey beard showed a picture of the man when he was young, while another mummy known as the "Glyptothek Mummy" bore the image of a different person, based on the proportions of the skull, a previous research revealed. (Mustafa Marie, “Researches successfully restore face of Egyptian child mummy”, Egypt Today, September 22, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Reconstitution faciale d’un BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Hawwâs explained in press statements, that in 2010, he, as secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities at the time, sent an official letter after obtaining the approval of the former Prime Minister. Hawwâs added that the letter was officially sent to retrieve Nefertiti’s head statue, and that was not the first official letter sent to Germany, as there was a request from one of the Egyptian governments in the last century, but it was not met. “The German government sent a response to my letter, demanding that it be signed by the Minister of Culture. By the time the letter had reached me, I was Egypt’s Minister of Antiquities. The circumstances that Egypt experienced at that time did not give me the opportunity to sign the letter again, in my ministerial capacity,” Said Hawwâs. “The press and media officer at the Cultural Heritage Foundation in charge of the affairs of state museums in Berlin is a liar, because we sent the letter and I confirm that Nefertiti’s head was stolen from Egypt, and it must be returned.” 105 Septembre 2020 “That is why I am currently forming a team of Egyptian and international thinkers and intellectuals, to sign an official letter, which will be sent to Germany, far from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, to assert the necessity of the return of Nefertiti’s head statue. “There is now a global awakening in the world that Europe and America stole the antiquities of Africa, and even French President Emmanuel Macron said that it is time for the antiquities that were stolen from Africa during the colonial period to return, and therefore we want to take advantage of that awakening and return Nefertiti’s head statue,” Hawwâs clarified. (Mustafa Marie, “Did Egypt send an official letter to retrieve Nefertiti’s head statue?”, Egypt Today, September 22, 2020. Voir également Muhammad ‘Abd alRahmân, « L’Égypte pourrait-elle récupérer le buste de Néfertiti ? », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 21 septembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « L’Égypte a-telle exigé officiellement la restitution du buste de Néfertiti », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 septembre). - - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî held a meeting with the company responsible for transferring the royal mummies from the place of their current display in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the place of their permanent display in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât. During the meeting, the company reviewed the scenario of the transport operation and the entire royal procession of mummies, in addition to all the technical elements that will be implemented inside the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization to receive the royal mummies. The minister also discussed during the meeting the billboards and advertising materials that will be used during the transportation process to adorn the streets and squares along the route, as well as the accompanying music and other artistic elements. The number of mummies and coffins to be transported is 22 royal mummies and 17 royal coffins, dating back to the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties. Some 18 of the mummies are for kings, while 4 belong to queens. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister discusses final preparations ahead of royal mummies’ transfer to NMEC”, Egypt Today, September 22, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Cortège royal pour le transfert des momies de Tahrîr vers le NMEC », al-Masrî alYawm, 22 septembre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie examine les derniers préparatifs pour le transfert des momies vers le NMEC », alAhrâm, 22 septembre ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie examine les derniers préparatifs du cortège pour le transfert des momies royales », Sada al-Balad, 22 septembre). - - The transfer process will be held in a grandiose procession that befits the ancient Egyptian civilization. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 106 Septembre 2020 Mercredi 23 septembre 2020 Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a reçu au siège du ministère à Zamalek l’ambassadeur de France au Caire, S.E.M. Stéphane Romatet, le Conseiller culturel français, ainsi que le directeur de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao), afin d’examiner les moyens de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans les secteurs du tourisme et de l’archéologie. Au début de l’entretien, le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie s’est félicité des relations privilégiées unissant les deux pays dans tous les domaines, notamment dans le secteur du tourisme et de l’archéologie. Ces relations sont le fruit de liens historiques dynamiques basés sur l’amitié, le partenariat et la confiance mutuelle. Le ministre a louangé la coopération étroite établie dans le domaine archéologique. Au cours de l’entretien, de nombreuses questions ont été examinées en vue de la mise en place d’un mécanisme de promotion du flux touristique en provenance de la France. De son côté, l’ambassadeur de France a informé Dr al-‘Inânî de la reprise du tourisme français vers les villes côtières égyptiennes à partir du mois d’octobre prochain. Sur le plan archéologique, les deux parties ont examiné les efforts déployés dans le projet de coopération franco-égyptienne visant à réaménager la zone archéologique de Tanis (Sân al-Hagar), à renforcer l’efficacité et le développement de ses services, en plus de la possibilité d’organiser un certain nombre d’ateliers et de programmes de formation pour les agents du ministère dans le domaine de la gestion des musées et des sites archéologiques, et la constitution des dossiers BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 d’inscription des sites archéologiques sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Enfin, le directeur de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale a informé le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie de la détermination de l’Ifao à développer et à moderniser sa bibliothèque, afin de permettre l’accueil d’un plus grand nombre de chercheurs et d’étudiants parmi les archéologues et les restaurateurs égyptiens. (Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « al-‘Inânî : Coopération étroite entre l’Égypte et la France dans les domaines du tourisme et de l’archéologie », Sada al-Balad, 23 septembre 2020. Voir également Yûsuf ‘Afîfî, « Reprise du tourisme français vers l’Égypte en octobre prochain », Masrâwî, 23 septembre ; Amâl Raslân, « La France reprend ses vols touristiques vers l’Égypte au mois d’octobre prochain », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 septembre 2020 ; Mahâ Salâh, « La France annonce la date de reprise de ses vols touristiques vers l’Égypte », al-Dustûr, 23 septembre ; Kâmilyâ ‘Atrîs, « al-‘Inânî reçoit l’ambassadeur de France », Ruz al-Yûsuf, 23 septembre ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « La France reprend ses vols touristiques vers l’Égypte au mois d’octobre prochain », Vetogate, 23 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « 40 missions de fouilles archéologiques : des relations historiques unissent l’Égypte et la France », Sada al-Balad, 6 décembre). - - Egypt Today spotted a statue of Horemheb during its restoration in the Wooden Antiquities Laboratory in the restoration centers of the Grand Egyptian Museum. (…) Vice President of the Wooden Antiquities Laboratory at the Grand Egyptian Museum Ahmad ‘Abd Rabbu said the 107 Septembre 2020 laboratory contains two statues of Horemheb, which illustrate the industrial craftmanship of the ancient Egyptians in the manufacture of wooden statues. “When a piece is received in the laboratory, we first start the documentation work, using multispectral imaging. There is the normal photograph, and there is an ultraviolet imaging, through which the parts that witnessed previous restorations are identified. This is in addition to the infrared imaging, which works to expose parts that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Also, there is the Xray imaging which helps us determine the technique the ancient Egyptians used to create the piece,” explained ‘Abd Rabbu. “At this stage, the use of advanced scientific devices comes into play. Through it, we can know the components of the piece without taking any samples. Through spectroscopy, we can know the existing layers of preparation, decoration and colouring. Through analysis, we can identify restoration materials, previously used on the piece,” resumed ‘Abd Rabbu. He pointed out that after that, it is decided whether the restoration is done using the traditionally used materials or modern materials. These studies are time-consuming, because examinations and analysis are repeated to see the extent of how the used substance will affect the original artefact. “We then begin to install the veneers and cement, and prepare the artefact for the museum display,” concluded ‘Abd Rabbu. (Mustafa Marie, “Restoration of wooden statue of Horemheb in Egypt’s Grand Museum”, Egypt Today, September 23, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Restauration au GEM d’une statue en bois de Horemheb », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 septembre). - - Jeudi 24 septembre 2020 Misr Company for Sound, Light and Tourism Development, chaired by Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, chairman and managing BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 director, announced the change of previously set timings for the sound and light shows in its five regions (Gîza Pyramids, Karnak, Philae, Abû Simbil, Idfû) in order to stimulate domestic tourism and restore tourism in general. The subsidiary of the Holding Company for Tourism and Hotels, one of the companies of the Ministry of Public Business Sector, announced in its statement today the start of holding the sound and light shows in foreign languages, taking all necessary precautionary measures against COVID-19 and ensuring social distancing. ‘Abd al-‘Azîz, president of the company, stated that the dates for sound and light shows in all its regions will be modified, starting from the beginning of October, provided that they are held in the areas of the Gîza Pyramids, Karnak, and Abû Simbil at 7 p.m., the Idfû region at 6 p.m. and the area of Philae at 6:30 p.m. ‘Abd al-‘Azîz also indicated that the period of discounts on tickets for sound and light shows in Arabic will be extended during the month of October, to become L.E 45 instead of L.E 80, and the price of the VIP ticket will be L.E 65 instead of L.E 100. Also, ‘Abd al-‘Azîz added that the sound and light shows will be held in different languages, where the pioneers of sound and light of all nationalities will be received, with an emphasis on applying the necessary measures to battle COVID-19. Tourists can also use simultaneous translation headphones to enjoy the shows listening to their native language at any time. (“Egypt’s famous Sound & Light shows to be held again under new timings, many foreign 108 Septembre 2020 languages”, Egypt Today, September 24, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Reprise des spectacles son et lumière sur 5 sites archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 24 septembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Reprise des spectacles son et lumière en langues étrangères », al-Shurûq, 24 septembre ; Sayyid Nasrî, « Appel d’offres international pour le développement et la gestion du secteur son et lumière », Watanî, 30 septembre). - - Dimanche 27 septembre 2020 on Human Resources Development”, Egypt Today, September 27, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Stage pour le développement des ressources humaines au NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 septembre). - - Lundi 28 septembre 2020 The first thing the Grand Egyptian Museum visitors are expected to see is the hanging obelisk of Ramses II, standing tall in front of the main façade of the museum, and occupying an area of 28,000 square meters. Once completed, it will be the first hanging obelisk in the world. Behind that idea was ‘Âtif Muftâh, the supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum and the surrounding area. The Training Department of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât organizes a training course on Human Resources Development in cooperation with the Central Training Unit at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The training will run from September 27 to September 29, 2020, at the headquarters of the NMEC Training Center. The course will be acquainting the attendees with human resources tasks, evaluating employee performance, and models of training under the Civil Service Law. Ahmad Ghunaym, head of the NMEC, explained that the course aims to educate and guide the ministry’s human resources specialists and train them to create a generation of specialists at a high level of knowledge. He added that these courses reflect the role the museum plays as a cultural and educational institution in achieving civilizational prosperity and raising cultural and archaeological awareness the different classes of society. (“NMEC organizes training course BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 ‘Âtif Muftâh, the supervisor of the GEM and the surrounding area Muftâh stated that the structure of the hanging obelisk has been 100 percent completed, and the finishes have been 80 percent completed, leaving only the cladding of the columns. According to Muftâh, although this work is simple, it is geometrically complex, because the obelisk must be preserved from any vibration emanating from the subway construction, or cars in the vicinity of the museum, so a very accurate system was made to protect the obelisk’s body from such vibrations. Muftâh stated that within two or three weeks, the first part of the obelisk will be erected, followed by the other parts. The obelisk may be 100 percent complete in October 2020, according to Muftâh. 109 Septembre 2020 The much-anticipated opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum is set to take place in 2021. (“When will GEM’s hanging obelisk become 100% completed?”, Egypt Today, September 28, 2020). - some of their original colours. Archaeologists have also uncovered a group of smaller artefacts at the site, according to the ministry’s statement. - One of the discovered mummies The newly uncovered coffins Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is set to announce on October 3 the details of the new archaeological discovery made by the Egyptian mission excavations in Saqqâra. Preliminary studies indicate that the coffins have not been opened since being buried, and the authorities indicated that more coffins and artefacts were likely buried at the same site. A total of 27 colourful coffins, which have not been opened in 2,500 years, have been discovered. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî invited foreign ambassadors in Egypt to attend the press conference, where details of Saqqâra’s new archaeological discovery will be announced. The start came with the discovery of a deep burial well, about 11 meters deep. Inside the well, some 13 human coffins, which have been closed for more than 2,500 years, were discovered stacked on top of each other. A week later, the mission was able to discover another well with 14 coffins, bringing the total number of discovered coffins to 27 closed coffins. Although remaining underground for thousands of years, the coffins have retained BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 So far, the identity and positions of the owners of these coffins have not been determined. However, these questions will be answered soon as the excavation work continues. Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said it was unclear how many other coffins could be found in the mine, and archaeologists hope to provide more answers during the excavation process. (Mustafa Marie, “Details of the latest Saqqâra discovery to be announced on Oct. 3”, Egypt Today, September 28, 2020. Voir 110 Septembre 2020 également “13 sealed coffins unearthed in Saqqâra”, Egypt Independent, September 7). - - Supervisor: LE180M saved from initial cost of Egypt’s Grand Museum façade”, Egypt Today, September 28, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Muftâh : 180 millions L.E. économisés sur les coûts de construction de la façade du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 28 septembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Muftâh : 180 millions L.E. économisés rien que sur les coûts de construction de la façade du GEM », al-Shurûq, 28 septembre). - - Mardi 29 septembre 2020 General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh said that the implementation of the Grand Egyptian Museum façade was made with Egyptian materials and that more than LE 180 million were saved from the initially estimated cost. According to Muftâh, it cost 10 percent of the initially estimated value, which is LE200250 million. Egypt’s New Administrative Capital Museum - ET Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is working on finalizing the Administrative Capital Museum as part of the ministry’s plan of archaeological openings during the coming period. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî is constantly following up on the developments of the museum’s workflow in preparation for its inauguration soon. “It (the façade) was implemented by five Egyptian companies and a meticulous study was conducted on its lighting. I designed it myself, and worked with electrical specialists to calculate the loads. The world will see a dazzling façade. We confirm that we are capable of completing the façade. We, as engineers, are inspired by our ancestors’ civilization and are capable of successfully implementing any design, God willing,” Said Muftâh. Muftâh confirmed that the completion rate has so far exceeded 98 percent for façade works and during October 2020, all facade works will be 100 percent complete. (“GEM BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The New Administrative Capital Museum is built on an area of 8,500 square meters, within the City of Culture and Arts. It consists of two floors, a ground and first floor, and includes a main exhibition hall and subsidiary exhibition halls. It should be noted that the museum narrates the history of the Egyptian capitals, as it consists of a main hall in which the artefacts of a number of ancient and modern Egypt capitals are displayed, with a total of nine capitals that come as follows: First, to the right of the visitor, there are four capitals, namely Memphis, Thebes, Tell al-Amarna, and Alexandria. 111 Septembre 2020 historical scenario, and adding services to the area. Secondly, to the left of the visitor, there are four capitals: Fustât, Fatimid Cairo, Modern Egypt, Khedivial Cairo. Thirdly, in the second level, behind the statue of King Ramses II, a group of different collectibles that depict life in each historical period are displayed separately, such as toiletries, tools of war, and various correspondences. The second section of the museum consists of a wing that shows the importance of the after-life in ancient Egypt. This wing comprises Toto’s tomb, in addition to the hall of mummies, coffins and canopic vessels. The museum’s external display area will also be developed to exhibit some artefacts and create a landscape design for green areas to be planted with papyrus and lotus flowers, the symbol of the north and the south in ancient Egypt. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s New Administrative Capital Museum, a highlyanticipated archaeological gem”, Egypt Today, September 29, 2020). - - The announcement allows for the withdrawal of the bid book of conditions and specifications from the company’s headquarters in exchange for EGP 10,000, or its equivalent in dollars, as of next Sunday. It puts the value of the primary insurance at EGP 5m, or its equivalent in dollars, to be paid via cheque or an unconditional and irrevocable bank letter of guarantee issued or confirmed by an Egyptian bank. The Sound and Light Company said that the last date for receiving inquiries is 20 October, with the inquiries session to be held on 25 October at the Holding Company for Tourism and Hotels (HOTAC). The company said that receiving bids in technical and financial envelopes, opening technical envelopes, and reviewing the documents from bidders will take place on 5 November 2020. In previous statements to the Masrâwî news site, Sound and Light Company President Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz said that his company has brought to an end a previous dispute relating to the area’s development. The dispute had involved an Orascom Investment Holding (OIH) and Prism International alliance, focused on developing the area. ‘Abd al-‘Azîz added that he had prepared a new conditions brochure for the latest offering, with the offering open to local, foreign and Arab investors. (“Sound and Light Company launches global bid to develop Gîza Pyramids exhibition area”, Daily News Egypt, September 29, 2020). The Sound and Light Company, affiliated to the Ministry of Public Enterprise Sector, has launched a global bid with closed envelopes to develop the Gîza Pyramids’ sound and light area. The development process includes updating the sound and lighting equipment, developing the show without modifying its BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - - Mercredi 30 septembre 2020 Germany returned four archaeological statues to Egypt. Head of the Government of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Armin Laschet, handed over four antique 112 Septembre 2020 statues, dating back to the period between 600 and 400 BC, to the Egyptian ambassador. This meeting comes within a series of meetings to discuss the return of the German tourism movement to Egypt, as Egypt comes among the countries placed by Germany on the travel ban list, according to Bahgat. (“Germany returns 4 stolen statues dating back to 600 BC to Egypt”, Egypt Today, September 30, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « L’Allemagne restitue 4 statuettes volées à l’Égypte », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 30 septembre). - These statues had been confiscated during a security campaign. According to state government data, the Paderborn Public Prosecutor confiscated the statues in 2016 during investigations into the circulation of stolen artwork. After the investigations closed, the Public Prosecutor released the statues to be returned to the Egyptian state. Laschet handed the statues to Egyptian Ambassador Khâlid Galâl ‘Abd al-Hamîd during his first visit to the state government headquarters in Dusseldorf. "Cultural assets transmitted as part of the cultural heritage of mankind are testimonies to history and part of the cultural identity of every nation," Laschet said. He expressed his happiness that he was able to return part of the cultural history with these historical statues dating back to the late Egyptian era. It is noteworthy that Suhâ Bahgat, the official spokeswoman for Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, said that Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al‘Inânî met in Germany with a group of tourism officials, headed by the Minister of State for German Tourism Affairs, Chairman of the Tourism Committee in Parliament and Chairman of the COVID-19 Crisis Committee in Germany. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - In their last meeting chaired by Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al’Inânî, the Board of Directors of the Supreme Council of Antiquities decided to completely exempt all cafeterias and bazaars in museums and archaeological sites affiliated with the Council from paying the rental value until the end of October 2020. Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî confirmed that the decision comes within the framework of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ efforts to mitigate the negative economic effects resulting from the COVID-19 crisis. (“Decision to exempt Cafeterias, bazars in archaeological sites from paying rental value until end of October 2020”, Egypt Today, September 30, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Exemption jusqu’à fin octobre des loyers des bazars sur les sites archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 30 septembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Exemption jusqu’à fin octobre des loyers des bazars sur les sites archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 30 septembre). - - 113 IV – OCTOBRE 2020 Jeudi 1er octobre 2020 mois. (Hishâm Shawqî, « L’exposition "Kings of the Sun" attire 20 000 visiteurs dans la capitale tchèque », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er octobre 2020. Voir également Islâm ‘Abd alMa‘bûd, « L’exposition "Kings of the Sun" séduit 20 000 visiteurs à Prague », al-Shurûq, 1er octobre ; Amal Gamâl, « L’exposition "Kings of the Sun" attire 20 000 visiteurs à Prague », Watanî, 1er octobre). - - Vendredi 2 octobre 2020 Un mois après son inauguration officielle, l’exposition temporaire "Kings of the Sun" organisée par le Musée national de Prague a attiré 20 000 visiteurs. Malgré les mauvaises conditions météorologiques, l’exposition a enregistré une forte affluence des visiteurs de tous âges, notamment durant les week-ends et les jours fériés. Rappelons que cette exposition a été inaugurée le 30 août dernier par le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al‘Inânî ; le Premier ministre tchèque, Andrej Babiš ; et le ministre tchèque de la Culture, Lubomír Zaorálek. La tenue de l’exposition coïncide avec les célébrations du 60ème anniversaire de la mission archéologique tchèque à Abûsîr. L’exposition regroupe 90 pièces archéologiques, fruit des découvertes réalisées par la mission archéologique tchèque à Abûsîr. L’exposition s’achèvera dans six BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Egyptian archaeological mission headed by secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî announced on Thursday the discovery of a carved bronze statue of the god Nefertum in Saqqâra necropolis. God Nefertum statue is inlaid with valuable precious stones red agate, turquoise, and lapis lazuli. 114 Octobre 2020 It is 35 centimetres tall and the name of its owner Badi Amunis engraved on its base. Badi Amun is from the 26th Dynasty. — Projet de restauration et de réaffectation de wakâlat Qâytbây dont le coût s’élève à 20 millions L.E. The mission uncovered as well a number of intact wooden coffins. — Démontage et remontage de la mosquée Sayyida Ruqayya, en vue de promouvoir le tourisme religieux. Coût : 10,5 millions L.E. Wazîrî said that the newly discovered bronze statue of the god Nefertum was found lying beside the 26th Dynasty coffins. The secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities said that Nefertum statue is one of several statues that the mission discovered while performing the excavation work inside an 11-metre-deep burial shaft. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities revealed that it will announce more details about Saqqâra discoveries on Saturday. (…) Wazîrî announced that the names of the coffin owners have not yet been discovered, but will be revealed in the upcoming days as the excavation work continues. (Angy Essam, “Egypt uncovers statue of god Nefertum in Saqqâra necropolis”, Egypt Today, October 2, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mise au jour d’une statue de Néfertoum à Saqqâra », alAhrâm, 1er octobre ; MENA, « Découverte d’une statue de Néfertoum à Saqqâra », alShurûq, 1er octobre ; Nevine El-Aref, “Statue of god Nefertum unearthed in Egypt’s Saqqâra necropolis”, Ahram Online, October 1st). - - L’Agence Centrale pour la Reconstruction et ses organes exécutifs sont chargés de la mise en œuvre de la politique de l’État dans le domaine de la construction et de la reconstruction, la mise en place d’un réseau intégré d’infrastructures et d’axes routiers au service du développement des régions éloignées ou isolées. Parmi les objectifs de l’Organe exécutif pour la rénovation des quartiers fatimides du Caire, selon le plan de développement pour l’exercice budgétaire 2020-2021, citons : BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 — Projet de restauration et de réaffectation du palais Sakâkînî. Coût : 7 millions L.E. — Projet de préservation de Bayt Zaynab Khattûn. Coût : 4 millions L.E. — Projet de réaffectation de Wakâlat Bâzar‘a. Coût : 7,5 millions L.E. (Hishâm ‘Abd al-Galîl, « L’Agence Centrale pour la Reconstruction débloque 50 millions L.E. pour le développement du Caire fatimide », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 octobre 2020). - - Samedi 3 octobre 2020 An Egyptian archaeological mission uncovered a large collection of intact and sealed coffins at Saqqâra Necropolis. Sixty ambassadors and international media representatives flocked to the scene on Saturday to witness the announcement of the new discovery. On site, almost 40 anthropoid painted coffins were placed in a large tent, while the rest of the coffins were put on display inside tombs. 115 Octobre 2020 Sarcophagi that are around 2500 years old, are seen inside the newly discovered burial site near Egypt’s Saqqâra necropolis, in Gîza, Egypt, October 3, 2020. REUTERS Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî said an Egyptian mission started reexcavating the site two months ago and succeeded to uncover a burial shaft 11 metres deep where there were more than 13 anthropoid intact and sealed coffins. More excavations revealed two more shafts, 10 and 12 metres deep, filled with a large number of intact and sealed coffins. The mission succeeded to unearth 59 coffins thus far. All the unearthed coffins are in a very good conservation condition and still bear their original colours. “My colleagues in the Supreme Council of Antiquities discovered burial shafts filled with wooden, sealed and intact coffins. I am really impressed that Covid-19 did not stop them from digging to unveil more mystery and secrets about our great civilisation,” al-‘Inânî said. He added the coffins will be transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum to be displayed in the hall adjacent to the one housing the al‘Asâsîf Cachette. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Mustafa Wazîrî, the secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities said preliminary studies showed the coffins belong to 26th Dynasty priests, top officials, and elites. There are mummies in the majority of the coffins. A collection of 28 statuettes of Ptah-Soker, the main god of Saqqâra Necropolis, were found along with a beautifully carved 35cm tall bronze statuette of god Nefertum, inlaid with precious stones. On its base is written the name of its owner, Priest Badi-Amun. Collections of amulets and ushabti figurine were also unearthed. (Nevine El-Aref, “A collection of 59 intact 26th Dynasty coffins unearthed in Egypt’s Saqqâra Necropolis”, Ahram Online, October 3, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Découverte de 27 sarcophages à Saqqâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 octobre ; “Egypt announces whopping discovery of 59 pharaonic coffins at Saqqâra”, Egypt Independent, October 3 ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie annonce la découverte de 59 sarcophages antiques à Saqqâra », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 3 octobre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Nouvelle découverte archéologique à Saqqâra : 95 sarcophages et des dizaines de momies », alAhrâm, 3 octobre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie annonce la découverte d’une nouvelle cachette de momies à Saqqâra », Sada al-Balad, 3 octobre ; “More secrets surface from Egypt’s largest archaeological discovery in 2020”, Daily News Egypt, October 15). - - Le ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al‘Inânî, a confirmé que l’Égypte est soucieuse de préserver son patrimoine archéologique par tous les moyens possibles et imaginables. 116 Octobre 2020 Dans ce cadre, un projet de restauration de la pyramide de Djoser a été lancé le 5 mars dernier pour un coût de 150 millions de livres égyptiennes. al-‘Inânî a adressé ses remerciements à tous les responsables de son ministère, à leur tête le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Mustafa Wazîrî. (Nurhân Ra’fat, « La restauration de la pyramide de Djoser prouve l’intérêt accordé par l’Égypte à son patrimoine », Sada al-Balad, 3 octobre 2020). - Lundi 5 octobre 2020 - Dimanche 4 octobre 2020 Thirteen Egyptian artefacts are set to be auctioned on October 13 at Christie’s international auctions hall in New York. The auction house has set the base price for the artefacts at US$1.2 million. The pieces, dating from the third century BC to the sixth century AD, will be sold in an auction featuring a large collection of antiquities from the ancient Mediterranean world, representing Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Middle Eastern civilizations. Le musée national d’Alexandrie fête aujourd’hui le 17ème anniversaire de son inauguration officielle. Les célébrations durent deux jours et englobent divers événements culturels et artistiques. Le programme regroupe des ateliers artistiques pour les enfants, des visites guidées des trois sections du musée, une représentation théâtrale intitulée « Jules César », une conférence prononcée par Dr Muna Haggâg, professeur d’archéologie grecque à la faculté de Lettres d’Alexandrie, sur les Apports de l’Alexandrie antique à l’histoire internationale de l’art, ainsi qu’une chorale des enfants. (Ahmad Basyûnî, « Célébrations marquant le 17ème anniversaire de l’inauguration du musée national d’Alexandrie », Sada al-Balad, 4 octobre 2020. Voir également Ragab Ramadân, « Le musée national d’Alexandrie fête le 17ème anniversaire de son inauguration », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er octobre). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Christie’s began promoting the artefacts on its official website months ago, using threedimensional photographs, according to Husayn Duqail, a researcher in Egyptian and Roman antiquities. Among the pieces are three bronze statues, two of a cat and one of the ancient deity Bes, dating back to 664-332 BC. 117 Octobre 2020 sets initial price for 13 Egyptian artefacts to be auctioned at US$1.2 million”, Egypt Independent, October 5, 2020. Voir également Yûsuf al-‘Ûmî, « Christie’s met en vente des antiquités égyptiennes », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 3 octobre). - Duqail added that the collection also includes gold snake bracelet that was originally acquired by the Swiss Lawyer Maurice Bouvier (1901-1981), who smuggled it from the city of Alexandria to Switzerland in 1959. The bracelet’s estimated value ranges from US$8,000 to US$12,000. Another artefact for sale is a limestone head of a man belonging to the Old Kingdom (2575-2465 BC). Christie’s acquired the head from an anonymous party in 2011, and its estimated price is set between US120,000 and US$180,000. Yet another piece set to sell is a vessel made from mottled limestone and gold that dates back to the predynastic period. The Swiss Art Market bought the vessel from a man in 2016, and its value ranges from US$80,000 to US$120,000. Duqail urged Egyptian authorities to stop selling these unique pieces of Egyptian history. Christie’s has auctioned dozens of Egyptian pieces over the past several years, most notably the head of the Amun, which sold for roughly six million dollars despite Cairo’s strong protests against the sale. (“Christie’s BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - L’ancien ministre de l’Archéologie, Dr Zâhî Hawwâs, a exprimé son désaccord concernant le déboulonnage de la statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps à Port Sa‘îd. « Car qu’on le veuille ou non, de Lesseps fait partie de l’histoire du canal de Suez », ajouta-t-il. Enfin, il a souligné que dès tout petit, il est tombé dans la marmite de l’archéologie. « Rien dans l’archéologie ne me fait peur, ni même les momies. La vue d’une momie me revigore », conclut-il. (Hadîl Hilâl, « Zâhî Hawwâs : La vue d’une momie me revigore », al-Shurûq, 5 octobre 2020). - - Mardi 6 octobre 2020 Renowned Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs said that he is currently forming a team of Egyptian and international thinkers and intellectuals to sign an official letter on the necessity of the return of Nefertiti’s head statue to be sent to Germany away from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. According to Hawwâs, there is a global awakening in the world that Europe and America stole the antiquities of Africa, and therefore these circumstances should be taken advantage of in order to retrieve the stolen head statue. (Mustafa Marie, “Zâhî Hawwâs: Now is the time to try and retrieve Nefertiti’s Head Statue from Germany”, Egypt Today, October 6, 2020? Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Zâhî Hawwâs lance une campagne 118 Octobre 2020 internationale en faveur de la restitution du buste de Néfertiti », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 octobre ; Minat Allah al-Abyad, « Hawwâs : Nous réclamerons la restitution du buste de Néfertiti », al-Ahrâm, 16 octobre). - designating a museum to textiles, these holdings were all housed in the Egyptian Textile Museum. - Mercredi 7 octobre 2020 The museum was designed to include 11 halls to display textile in a simple yet impressive way. Each piece is accompanied by an identification plate with the date of its manufacture and its story. The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities decided to transfer the Textile Museum from its current location on al-Mu‘izz Street to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization temporarily, until the building is restored. The Egyptian Textile Museum, located on al-Mu‘izz Street, near Bayn al-Qasrayn neighbourhood, was previously known as sabîl Muhammad ‘Alî. After the completion of the development of al-Mu‘izz Street, the place was converted into a textile museum that houses treasures of threads, secrets and tales on pieces of fabric. Recently, the Textile Museum sparked widespread controversy after news emerged that it would soon be closed to the public after currently reducing the number of visiting hours. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî had earlier received a report on the technical condition of the building. The report emphasized the seriousness of the museum’s construction situation that can affect the rare artefacts and visitors. The museum showcases the distinguished clothes and fabrics of various historic eras, which were found among archaeological discoveries and kept as unique collectibles in Egypt’s various museums. Then after BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 That is in addition to a number of rooms that contain types of pharaonic textile. It is the largest section of the museum, as it contains wooden statues dressed in old fabrics. The Egyptian Textile Museum houses more than 1,000 rare textiles. (Mustafa Marie, “Holdings of Egyptian Textile Museum to be temporarily transferred to National Museum of Egyptian Civilization”, Egypt Today, October 7, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Transfert du musée des Textiles égyptiens vers le NMEC », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 5 octobre ; “Egyptian Textile Museum temporarily rehoused at NMEC”, Daily News Egypt, October 18). - - In celebration of the glorious October victories, the Egyptian archaeological museums in all governorates exhibit their collections of military artefacts in a special display in October. Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân said that the display of all the warrelated pieces will continue throughout October, and that the artefacts vary between tools that were used in wars and statues of leaders, kings and soldiers, who lead wars throughout the different ages. 119 Octobre 2020 victory, and Suhâg Museum displays a statue of King Thutmose III seated holding the insignia of the government and wearing the royal crown. In the same context, the Gayer-Anderson Museum is launching a temporary exhibition of antiquities entitled "Weapons throughout the Ages." The exhibition showcases a set of weapons, including axes, swords, treachery, rifles, gunpowder relics, and helmets, which date back to a variety of eras, from the predynastic times until the end of the New Kingdom. The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr displays a Tharu painting of a military leader during the reign of King Seti I and Ramses II, and Kom Ûshîm Museum in Fayyûm displays a war ship. Also, Mallawî Museum displays the statue of the goddess Sekhmet, the goddess of power and war. Meanwhile, the Museum of Islamic Art at Bâb al-Khalq displays a collection of ammunition and weapons and Alexandria National Museum displays a statue of the warrior King Thutmose III, in the form of the Great Sphinx. The museum also hosts an exhibition of plastic art titled "Eagles and Angels". It includes portraits of the martyrs of recent military operations. The families of these martyrs will be honoured and art paintings will be presented to them. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s archaeological, art museums celebrate October 6 Victory”, Egypt Today, October 7, 2020. Voir également Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « Le musée du palais Manyal expose des armes antiques pour commémorer le 47ème anniversaire de la guerre d’Octobre », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 octobre ; “Egypt’s museums showcase military artefacts to mark October War victory”, Ahram Online, October 7 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Les musées égyptiens célèbrent les glorieuses victoires du SixOctobre », al-Ahrâm, 7 octobre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Les musées égyptiens célèbrent les glorieuses victoires du Six-Octobre », alShurûq, 7 octobre). - - Jeudi 8 octobre 2020 As for the Royal Jewellery Museum, it displays a picture of Ibrâhîm Pasha, the most accomplished army commander in the nineteenth century, wearing formal clothes, medals and badges. Additionally, the Luxor Museum displays a piece of sandstone from the era of King Tutankhamun with an inscription celebrating BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Grand Egyptian Museum in cooperation with a specialised company, conducted an experiment to start the process of transferring one of the three parts of King Ramses II’s obelisk. The obelisk, which is located in the museum’s open yard, is being prepared for its reassembling and lifting up in what will be its permanent display location at the outer courtyard of the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM). 120 Octobre 2020 method of erecting it. All while choosing the optimal method for fixing and consolidating it, along with locating the anchors that connect the parts. Top part of King Ramses II obelisk Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, General Supervisor of the GEM project and its surrounding area, denies the rumours that claim that the obelisk had collapsed adding that these rumours are unfounded. “Simply, the obelisk was not yet reassembled or lifted up in place for it to fall down,” Muftâh said. He explains that what has been done was only an experiment to move one of the three parts of the obelisk, but due to some cracks and fissures small parts of it were separated, in order for the process to be carried out according to scientific studies on how to correctly preserve the monument. Muftâh stated that there are no opportunities for errors when restoring and transferring this part of the obelisk or when restoring any other. As only specialists in this field perform this task, in collaboration with specialized companies that transport gigantic artefacts with the help of special equipment. “All the work is carried out under the full supervision of the GEM staff,” he added. He continued architectural and archaeological studies on the three parts of the obelisk have been conducted. These studies indicate that the obelisk was moved from the Sân al-Hagar archaeological site divided into three parts. Accurate scientific and archaeological studies were conducted to uncover the state of its preservation, and to understand all the conditions surrounding it before starting its restoration, assembly and lift up. The Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University carried out an integrated engineering study on the body of the obelisk as well as doing research on the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The obelisk will be assembled and erected soon, after ensuring the completion of all the necessary geological, archaeological and architectural research and studies. (Nevine ElAref, “Egypt denies the collapse of the hanging obelisk”, Ahram Online, October 8, 2020. Voir également MENA, “GEM official denies collapse of Ramses II obelisk”, Egypt Today, October 8, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Tentative de transfert d’un fragment de l’obélisque de Ramsès II au GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 8 octobre ; ‘Umar alMahdî, « Le GEM commence le transfert d’un fragment de l’obélisque de Ramsès II », alAhrâm, 8 octobre). - - The Grand Egyptian Museum is working on completing its official website soon. The website is set to provide the visitors with online virtual tours of the museum, and will assist them to know how to arrive at the museum, its working hours, and how to book tickets. The museum’s official Facebook page said that the official website will also provide the programs and activities presented for children, adults, individuals with special needs, etc. This great edifice achieves the desired unique qualitative leap in the Egyptian tourism experience. It is regarded internationally and locally as the most important cultural edifice in the 21st century. Within the framework of the continuous interest and constant concern of the Grand Egyptian Museum in preserving heritage and spreading cultural and civilizational awareness at the local and international levels, the museum offers its visitors a unique and varied educational, cultural, and entertainment experience. Upon arrival at the museum, the visitor will find parking spaces, rest areas, and designated areas for individuals with special 121 Octobre 2020 needs. All buildings are equipped with ramps and the visitors will be able to use escalators and elevators, which makes moving around the museum easier and more organized. The museum is designed in a way that makes it easy to move inside its halls, enabling the visitors to fully enjoy and get acquainted with the grandiose ancient Egyptian civilization in all its rich aspects. (“Grand Egyptian Museum’s official website to provide virtual visits, online booking soon”, Egypt Today, October 8, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le GEM se dote d’un site Web officiel », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 octobre). - - Parallèlement le Kumu Art Museum situé dans la capitale Tallinn accueille également une seconde version de cette exposition intitulée Egypt of Glory : Art from the Nile Valley. (Yûsuf al-‘Ûmî, « L’ambassadeur d’Égypte en Finlande participe à l’inauguration d’une exposition pharaonique à Helsinki », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 9 octobre 2020. Voir également Mahdî, « L’ambassadeur d’Égypte à Helsinki participe à l’inauguration d’une exposition pharaonique », al-Ahrâm, 9 octobre). - - Samedi 10 octobre 2020 Vendredi 9 octobre 2020 L’ambassadeur d’Égypte en Finlande et en Estonie, S.E.M. Haytham Salâh, a participé à l’inauguration de l’exposition intitulée Egypt of Glory – The Last Dynasty. Ont également participé à la cérémonie l’ambassadeur d’Italie à Helsinki, les représentants du Museo Egizio di Torino, ainsi que le directeur du musée Amos Rex. Cette grande exposition regroupe près de cinq cents pièces pharaoniques faisant partie des collections du musée de Turin. L’exposition durera six mois, entre le 9 octobre 2020 et le 21 mars 2021. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 La statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps a été transférée ce matin de Port-Saïd vers le musée du Canal de Suez, dans le gouvernorat d’Ismâ‘îliyya. Ce musée en cours d’aménagement occupe le bâtiment administratif du Canal et retrace l’histoire du canal depuis sa création jusqu’à son élargissement par le président ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî. 122 Octobre 2020 Le rest-house occupé jadis par Ferdinand de Lesseps fait partie du musée qui s’étend sur une superficie de 10 0002. (Ingî Hîba, « Transfert de la statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps vers le musée du Canal de Suez », Sada al-Balad, 10 octobre 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « La statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps arrive au musée du Canal de Suez », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 octobre ; Hânî ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « La statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps arrive au musée du Canal de Suez », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 10 octobre ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « Controverse autour de la statue de Ferdinand de Lesseps », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 12 octobre). - Italy to Egypt, to better protect it from damage. Luxor governor Mustafa Alham meanwhile held several meetings in the presence of his deputy, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Qâdir, the advisor to the chamber of travel and tourism companies, Tharwat ‘Agamî, and representatives from the ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to lay down a plan for the winter tourist season while also celebrating the 98th Tutankhamun tomb discovery. (“Luxor gears up to celebrate 98th anniversary of Tutankhamun tomb discovery”, Egypt Independent, October 10, 2020). - - - Luxor governorate is preparing to celebrate the 98th anniversary of the discovery of King Tutankhamun’s tomb on November 4. These celebrations include the inauguration of several new archaeological projects, art exhibitions and folkloric performances across Luxor and at its various archaeological and historical monuments. Egyptology researcher Francis Amîn said that Tutankhamun’s treasure collection is among the most famous findings from ancient Egypt. And the president of the Egyptian Association for Archaeological and Tourism Development Ayman Abû Zayd, said that this year’s celebrations are special as the world is finally coming closer to seeing the full collection of King Tutankhamun’s treasures in one roof, at the upcoming Grand Egyptian Museum. Des activistes ont fait circuler sur les réseaux sociaux des images montrant la mosquée Sîdî Madyan al-Ashmûnî inondée par les eaux souterraines. De son côté, le président du secteur des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives, Dr Usâma Tal’at, a confirmé que cette mosquée, comme tous les monuments de la zone de Bâb al-Sha‘riyya située à la lisière du Caire fatimide, souffre de la hausse des niveaux des nappes phréatiques. He also said that Tutankhamun’s mummy has been placed in a new display gifted by BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 123 Octobre 2020 Un projet de restauration de la mosquée Sîdî Madyan al-Ashmûnî a été mis en place avant d’être abandonné pour des raisons administratives. Ensuite ce projet a été gelé à cause de la pandémie du coronavirus. Rappelons que la mosquée Sîdî Madyan alAshmûnî a été construite en 1465. Elle abrite le mausolée de Sîdî Madyan al-Ashmûnî, un saint soufi. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie confirme la noyade de la mosquée Sîdî Madyan al-Ashmûnî sous les eaux souterraines », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 octobre 2020. Voir également Yâsmîn Sâmî, « Une mosquée vieille de 700 ans inondée par les eaux d’égout », Sada al-Balad, 14 octobre). - The cable-car is not intended to extend to the top of the Gîza Plateau pyramids. It is expected that the cable-car will transport tourists from the GEM’s hotel area to the bottom of the Gîza Plateau, running parallel to the Fayyûm Road and on the other side of alMasâkin sub-district where there will be access terminals for the new entrance and exit. He stressed that the idea came after the State’s vision of establishing the largest museum in the world on an area of 3800 acres. - Dimanche 11 octobre 2020 The museum’s overall area includes the 117 acres of the Gîza Plateau and the area that links the GEM to the Gîza Pyramids, where the Armed Forces Shooting Club once stood, bringing the total area of the museum to 3800 acres. The general supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum, Major-General Engineer ‘Âtif Muftâh revealed that 96.5% of work at the GEM has been completed, amounting to the transferral of 55 thousand artefacts into the museum. The display vitrines for the King Tutankhamun galleries are 100% completed and are currently undergoing testing. On the relationship between the GEM and the Fayyûm Road, the General stated that the Fayyûm Road will be developed and linked to the museum through tourist walking trails. Furthermore, there is currently a study being conducted to provide a direct link between Cairo Airport and hotels that will be developed within the museum area, located between Fayyûm Road and the GEM. He added that 90% of the artefacts for the Grand Staircase have been installed, and the control systems and surveillance cameras are also being finalised. Regarding the implementation of the cable-car idea, Muftâh stated that a study is currently being undertaken to connect the beginning of the Fayyûm Road with the museum. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 124 Octobre 2020 Visitors will be able to move freely within the museum area, from the GEM to the Gîza Plateau, in a variety of ways, either on foot, golf-buggy or cable-car. Gîza. The ministry confirmed that these coffins have not been opened before, and there are more of them that have not been disclosed yet. Muftâh also commented on the recent discovery in Saqqâra, saying: “I requested that the Saqqâra Cache be added to the artefacts scheduled for display in the GEM, as well as the al-‘Asâsîf Cache, both will join the museum’s exhibition programme. We will prepare two exhibition halls of the GEM to be called the ‘Hidden Hall’ to hold the coffins. The GEM has two museum exhibition halls with a total area of 2500 square meters, in addition to three halls measuring 600 square meters for temporary displays and exhibitions of both ancient and modern art”. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Grand Egyptian Museum’s general supervisor: ‘96.5% of work at the GEM has been completed’”, Egypt Today, October 11, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Achèvement de 97 % du projet du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 octobre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte l’avancement des travaux du GEM », Watanî, 12 octobre ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Le superviseur du GEM : Nous avons achevé 97 % des travaux architecturaux », al-Shurûq, 18 octobre). On September 21, the excavations of the Egyptian archaeological mission headed by Wazîrî revealed the discovery of a burial well with a limestone coffin and a number of ushabti statues in al-Ghurayfa archaeological area in Tûna al-Gabal, Minyâ Governorate. - - Lundi 12 octobre 2020 The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, under the leadership of Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al‘Inânî, attaches great importance to excavating ancient Egyptian treasures. There are numerous archaeological missions operating in Egypt, but the Egyptian missions headed by Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, had the lion’s share of the important archaeological discoveries during the last period. On October 5, the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the discovery of 59 archaeological coffins, dating back to the 26th Dynasty that lived about 2,600 years ago, in the Saqqâra antiquities area in BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Wazîrî explained that the mission started its fourth season by displacing the existing debris, which led to the discovery of a well at a depth of 5 meters. It contained a limestone sarcophagus with inscriptions representing the four children of Horus, found in very good condition, next to a group of Ushabti statues made of vines. On June 22, as part of the project to restore and revitalize the Great Processions Road, known as the Rams Road [Kibâsh Road], the Egyptian archaeological mission revealed a number of circular mud brick kilns with incineration traces in addition to a huge mud brick wall from the late Roman period. Wazîrî explained that the kilns found in the area of Nag‘ Abû ‘Usba may have been used to make pottery or faience. The wall was found to the west of the procession path of the Khonsu Temple. It is about 30 meters long, 2.5 meters in height and 3 meters wide. It consists of 17 mudbrick courses. On February 12, 2020, the Egyptian archaeological mission of the Supreme Council of Antiquities uncovered 83 tombs during archaeological excavation work in Kom al-Khilgân area, al-Daqahliyya Governorate. Wazîrî explained that 80 of the tombs date back to the first half of the fourth millennium BC, known as the Bhutto civilization of Lower Egypt. They took the form of oval pits cut into the sandy island layer, and inside them were burials in a squatting position, and with these burials, funeral furniture was found. Also, Wazîrî confirmed that this is the first time that pottery coffins dating back to the Naqada third period have been uncovered in 125 Octobre 2020 al-Daqahliyya Governorate sites, as the burial inside pottery coffins was not previously detected except for one case that was discovered by the Polish mission at Tell alFarkha. (Mustafa Marie, “Egyptian archaeological mission discoveries wrap-up of 2020”, Egypt Today, October 12, 2020). - - Mardi 13 octobre 2020 The whole world is anticipating the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Once completed, it will be the biggest museum in the world dedicated to a single civilization. Grand Museum opens, as it is one of the most important artefacts in the world. al-‘Inânî added that the King Tutankhamun’s mask will be transferred to the GEM in a big celebration. “I can already picture in my mind the mask being transferred in an armoured vehicle inside a glass case. Just like the royal mummies, the mask will be transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum in a grandiose procession. Tutankhamun’s mask will be transferred in a way that befits the most famous artefact in the world,” said al-‘Inânî. (Mustafa Marie, “al-‘Inânî: Tutankhamun’s mask will be transferred to GEM in a way that befits the most famous artefact in the world”, Egypt Today, October 13, 2020. Voir également « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Le masque de Toutankhamon sera transféré vers le GEM juste avant son inauguration », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 3 octobre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le masque de Toutankhamon sera-t-il transféré vers le GEM dans un cortège royal ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 13 octobre). - - The Grand Egyptian Museum is built on a huge area, and will house a large number of artefacts of the grandiose ancient Egyptian civilization. The museum will also exhibit all the personal belongings of King Tutankhamun, the most popular king in ancient Egypt, all in one place for the first time ever. However, the question that begs itself is: What will happen at the time of the transfer of King Tutankhamun’s mask? Will there be a procession to transport the like the royal mummies? Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî replies. Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a reçu au siège du ministère à Zamalek l’ambassadeur d’Italie au Caire, S.E.M. Giampaolo Cantini, afin d’examiner les moyens de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans les secteurs du tourisme et de l’archéologie. al-‘Inânî stated that the Grand Egyptian Museum will make a quantum leap for Egyptian tourism when it opens. The artefacts displayed in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, such as Tutankhamun’s mask, will be transferred just before the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum, so that visitors of the Tahrîr museum can still enjoy it until the Au début de l’entretien, al-‘Inânî s’est félicité des relations privilégiées unissant les deux pays dans tous les domaines, notamment dans le secteur du tourisme et de l’archéologie. Le ministre a louangé la coopération scientifique étroite établie dans le domaine de la restauration et des fouilles archéologiques. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 126 Octobre 2020 Au cours de l’entretien, les deux parties ont examiné la possibilité d’organiser une célébration à Aswân, afin de commémorer le 40ème anniversaire du sauvetage du temple de Philae. Ce sauvetage avait été mis en place par la mission égypto-italienne dans le cadre du sauvetage des monuments nubiens. En marge de ces célébrations, un atelier sera organisé pour l’entraînement des archéologues et des restaurateurs. (Hishâm Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî et l’ambassadeur d’Italie examinent la célébration du 40ème anniversaire du sauvetage du temple de Philae », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 13 octobre 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Célébrations égypto-italiennes pour commémorer le 40ème anniversaire du sauvetage du temple de Philae à Aswân », Sada al-Balad, 13 octobre). - - Mercredi 14 octobre 2020 Egyptian archaeologists have uncovered a 4,000-year-old manuscript inside a newly discovered coffin in the Saqqâra region. It could be the oldest of its kind, providing an interesting insight into the mind of the ancient civilization. In early October 2020, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the largest discovery in 2020, which was the discovery of 59 ancient coffins in the Saqqâra region. Upon opening a decorated sarcophagus, the team uncovered the remains of a mummy wrapped in a cloth with brightly coloured hieroglyphic inscriptions. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 According to the Express website, this discovery gives a unique vision of the ancient Egyptians, who were obsessed with the afterlife. Egyptian religious doctrines presented three ideologies about what happened after death: belief in the underworld, eternal life and rebirth of the soul. The site states that the discovered book is an introduction to the Egyptian funerary texts known as the "Book of the Dead." It is a 4,000-year-old version of this text, making it the oldest copy ever found. “The ancient Egyptians were obsessed with life in all its forms; death was for them a new life," said the Secretary of Egyptology at the University of California Rita Lucarelli in 2019. The text was found inside the coffin of a mummy, and unlike bound books in the modern era, the ancient text was drawn across the interior of the sarcophagus itself. Experts said that the inscriptions clearly refer to the book and that other artefacts in the tomb date back to the reign of Pharaoh Mentuhotep II. Harco Williams, an Egyptologist at the University of Leuven in Belgium, said that the sarcophagus texts aim to place the deceased in the realm of the gods. (Mustafa Marie, “Egyptian archaeologists uncovers 4,000-yearold manuscript inside newly discovered coffin in Saqqâra” on October 28”, Egypt Today, October 14, 2020. Voir également Ahmad 127 Octobre 2020 Mansûr, « Découverte d’un talisman vieux de 4 000 ans à l’intérieur d’un sarcophage à Saqqâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 14 octobre). - unprecedented window into the lives — and deaths — of one man and his family. - Vendredi 16 octobre 2020 Described as a ‘once in a generation’ find, Wahtye’s tomb was discovered in a remarkable state of preservation — with 55 statues carved into the walls — making it the most decorated tomb ever found in this royal cemetery. Netflix announced the global release of the docu-feature “Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb”. The new docu-feature will be available only on Netflix on October 28. “Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb” documents the discovery of a one of a kind tomb that came to life beneath the sand at the archaeological site Saqqâra in Egypt. Directed by James Tovell, Executive produced by Richard Bradley and Caterina Turroni and produced by Lion Television and At Land Productions, the documentary films a team of local archaeologists excavating never before explored passageways, shafts, and tombs, piecing together the secrets of Egypt’s most significant find in almost 50 years. “This has been an exciting moment for the whole world. Shooting this film has been an experience full of thrilling surprises. Working with an Egyptian team that has a deep connection with their ancestors has made the project even more unique,” commented James Tovell, Director of Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb. During the journey of discovery, they have found over three thousand artefacts. Within the boundaries of a temple dedicated to the Egyptian cat goddess Bastet, the team discovered a mummified lion cub — the first lion cub discovered in Egypt. It signals a thrilling first in Egyptology. “This mission wasn’t like any other. Normally in archaeology, you labour for weeks to find anything. Here every 30 seconds there was a new jaw-dropping discovery. Such as, capturing on film the discovery of the first complete mummified lion cub in Egypt was a great moment for everyone. And then being privileged to excavate the burial shafts of the Old Kingdom priest Wahtye. The chance to excavate an Old Kingdom burial is a golden opportunity for any filmmaker,” added Tovell. The documentary was filmed in Saqqâra near Cairo, and less than a mile from the site of the Step Pyramid, one of the oldest and most iconic stone structures on earth. The documentary will be released globally in 190 countries with over 30 subs and dubbed into English. Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb follows the decoding of the tomb of an Old Kingdom priest Wahtye, unopened for 4500 years, and the excavation of five shafts to uncover an astonishing ancient mystery. Transporting the audience back through the millennia, the film provides a unique and BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 128 Octobre 2020 "Secrets of the Saqqara Tomb" - Netflix Official The documentary was inspired by the discovery of a 4500-year-old tomb — the news made global headlines when it was discovered in late 2018 — and belongs to an Old Kingdom Priest named Wahtye, from the 5th dynasty, 2500-2350 BC, in the reign of Pharaoh Neferirkare. The Saqqâra Tomb discovery is heralded as one of the most jaw-dropping, exciting, and important Ancient Egyptian discoveries in decades. And the discoveries have only just begun. Join a team of local archaeologists as they excavate never before explored passageways, shafts, and tombs, while piecing together the secrets of one Egypt’s most remarkable tombs. News of the tomb discovery has gone around the world and it has been heralded as the most significant find in almost fifty years. The condition of the tomb is remarkable — but the real excitement lies in what is to come. The archaeologists hope they are going to unearth the possessions, grave goods, and mummies of the high-priest and his family — and with that information hoping to transform our understanding of this period of Old Kingdom history. More secrets from the Saqqâra Tomb: 1- Lion Cub mummy ● Found within the boundaries of a temple dedicated to the Egyptian cat goddess Bastet, the discovery of the lion signals a fresh direction for Egyptology. This first example of a mummified lion cub to be found in Egypt is one of the most exciting finds in the history of animal mummification,’ said Professor Salima Ikram. It opens the door to asking questions about the types of wild animals that the Egyptians kept and how they managed them, both in terms of upkeep and breeding.’ 2- First-ever Malaria case theory ● Inside the tomb of Wahtye, there were the bones of a full family, Dr. Amîra Shâhîn BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Professor of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, found that those bones were distended which can be an indication that the whole family died from an epidemic most probably malaria. If this theory can be proven it will be the first documented case of malaria in history by more than 1000 years. 3- Additional discoveries ● The film also features the exploration of the wider ancient necropolis were Egyptians buried their dead over thousands of years, as it documents the discovery of shafts filled with the mummified animals, beautifully preserved human mummies still inside their highly decorated coffins, funerary artefacts including a rare complete senet set (board game), and numerous other stunning rare artefacts from Old, New, and Late Kingdoms. In the course of one season, the Egyptian team at the Bubasteion found more than 3100 unique artefacts. (Angy Essam, “Netflix to release docu-feature “Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb” on October 28”, Egypt Today, October 16, 2020. Voir également “Netflix to release new documentary ‘Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb’ on October 28”, Egypt Independent, October 15; “Netflix to release ‘Secrets from Saqqâra Tomb’ documentary on 28 October”, Daily News Egypt, October 18; Yomna El-Saeed, “"Secrets of the Saqqâra Tomb" review”, Egypt Today, November 1st). - - Dimanche 18 octobre 2020 The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât launched the activities of the training course, which will last for six days, to raise the efficiency of the museum’s employees. Director of International Relations at the Museum Fayrûz Fikrî explained that within the framework of joint cooperation with international entities, contracts have been signed with the UNESCO and the University of Alaska, which has a wide experience in this field, to give specialized training courses in 129 Octobre 2020 administrative skills to 90 staff members in the museum. She married Prince Ibrâhîm Ilhâmî Pasha, son of the ruler of Egypt ‘Abbâs I, in 1857 AD. Fikrî added that through the training course, the efficiency and administrative skills of the trainees are set to be raised, especially decision-making skills, team work, and how to set goals and achieve them. It is said that Munîra gave her name to the whole neighbourhood. It is also said, in another account that may be closer to the truth, that the neighbourhood was known as al-Munîra (The bright) because it witnessed lavish celebrations that lasted for 40 days in 1873. Rockets were launched, on the occasion of the marriage of four of the children of the Khedive Ismâ‘îl. In what was called "The joys of the children", the palace itself, located on Shaykh ‘Alî Yûsuf Street, received the envoy of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II, in the year 1892, upon the appointing of ‘Abbâs Hilmî II, the last Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. For his part, Head of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization Ahmad Ghunaym said that the museum plays a great role in raising community awareness and raising the value of the cultural level of the workers. This is in addition to achieving an advanced civilized vision, and exploiting the employees’ capabilities for the general benefit of the museum and the service of recreational and cultural tourism. (“NMEC launches training course for its workers”, Egypt Today, October 18, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Fin du stage des ressources humaines au NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 5 octobre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le NMEC organise un stage de perfectionnement pour son personnel », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 octobre). - - al-Munîra Palace in Sayyida Zaynab area is one of the most distinctive royal palaces built in the era of the Alawite family. The palace is built in an area, which was later named alMunîra after the palace. Twitter users shared a rare picture of alMunîra Palace that dates back to the 1870s, and was at the time owned by Princess Munîra Sultan (1844-1862), daughter of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Majid I. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Its lush gardens surround the ancient building, which currently contains the most important library and printing press around the world, specialized in Egyptology. al-Munîra area was famous for embracing the three palaces that Khedive Ismâ‘îl built for his daughters. They exist until now and are occupied by a number of important ministries. al-Munîra Palace during the 1870s Ismâ‘îl built two palaces, each on an area of 9 acres. The first was built for his adopted daughter Fâyqa, who married Mustafa Pasha Ibn Ismâ‘îl Siddîq, known as the inspector. It is currently occupied by the Ministry of Education. The second was built for his daughter, Princess Jamila, wife of Muharram Pasha bin King Shâhîn. It is now occupied by three ministries: Housing Ministry in the palace building itself and the ministries of scientific research and supply on the land of its outer garden. 130 Octobre 2020 As for the third palace, it was owned by Princess Tawhîda, the wife of Mansûr Pasha, a member of the Special Council. For a period of time, it was occupied by the Ministry of Defence and Military Production on Falakî Street. (Mustafa Marie, “al-Munîra Palace then and now”, Egypt Today, October 18, 2020). - - Lundi 19 octobre 2020 Executive Director of the Archaeological Models Production Unit at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities ‘Amr al-Tîbî said that the administration is currently working on the local market, given the conditions the world is going through, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to al-Tîbî, the pandemic is responsible for the selling movement outside of Egypt coming to a halt, however, there will be a European cooperation in the coming period. al-Tîbî added that Archaeological Models Production Unit at the ministry is currently working on the local market to supply to a number of ministries such as the Ministry of Higher Education and Sadat University. It is worth noting that the Archaeological Models Unit at the Ministry of Antiquities, under the management of al-Tîbî, its executive director, is working on preparing a comprehensive development plan for the unit’s work mechanisms, in order to ensure maximum utilization of the existing technical competencies and the development of the unit’s production lines through mechanization to keep pace with the requirements of the local and global market and to meet the increasing demand for Egyptian antiquities. The unit aims to establish a promising industry according to sound scientific and technical specifications and controls, that contribute effectively to the protection of intellectual property rights, and to achieve a decent economic return from the investment of Egypt’s cultural and civilizational heritage. (“Due to COVID-19, Egypt’s Archaeological Models Production Unit currently focuses on local market”, Egypt Today, October 19, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Les ateliers de moulage archéologique ont-ils souffert de la pandémie ? », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 octobre). - - He added that the materials used to produce the replicas are of high grade, which makes the selling process easier. It is worth noting that a cooperation protocol was signed between the Ministries of Antiquities and Aviation, to allocate a place within the duty-free shops in several airports nationwide, for displaying and selling archaeological reproductions. al-Tîbî further indicated that the archaeological models that are executed by the Models Unit of the ministry are of higher quality than the pieces that are designed by merchants. It is also documented. According to al-Tîbî, the reason for the higher quality of the models produced by the ministry is due to a number of specialists of the highest level of craftsmanship working in the ministry’s unit to manufacture archaeological reproductions. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Khâlid al-‘Inânî [R] with the new Belgium Ambassador to Egypt Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities On October 18, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, received at the ministry’s headquarters in Zamâlik, Ambassador François Cornet d’Elzius the new ambassador of Belgium in Cairo. The ambassador was keen to meet al-‘Inânî after assuming his new position. al-‘Inânî began the meeting by welcoming the ambassador, stressing the strength of relations between Egypt and Belgium, wishing the ambassador all the success in in his new position. 131 Octobre 2020 During the meeting, they discussed enhancing cooperation between the two countries in the field of archaeology, exchange of experiences and prompting tourism from Belgium to Egypt. In addition to discussing cooperation in the fields of museums and training archaeologists and conservators. The meeting also discussed a proposal to hold temporary exhibitions of Egyptian artefacts in Belgium. The ambassador also said that he was very happy to attend the event of the announcement of the discovery of 59 sealed coffins in Saqqâra on October 3, 2020. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities receives Belgian ambassador in Cairo on Oct. 18”, Egypt Today, October 19, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Entraînement des restaurateurs : sujet primordial dans l’agenda du ministre de l’Archéologie et de l’ambassadeur de Belgique au Caire », alMasrî al-Yawm, 18 octobre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit l’ambassadeur de Belgique au Caire », Watanî, 18 octobre). - - Workers of the Qâytbây Castle in Alexandria, Egypt - photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities A training course has been launched for workers at Qâytbây Castle in Alexandria within the framework of the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities plan to raise the efficiency of those dealing with tourists in archaeological and tourist sites within the program of tourism ambassadors sponsored by the Bank of Alexandria and implemented by Rhythm. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The training program is a unique leap aimed at stimulating tourism and qualifying all the castle’s employees so that they become a befitting facade for Egypt and equip them with skills and ethics on how to deal with foreigners in order to be good representatives and ambassadors for their country. (“Training course launched in Qâytbây Castle to raise efficiency of its workers”, Egypt Today, October 19, 2020. Voir également Nevine Camille, « Stage de formation à Qâytbây pour augmenter l’efficacité de son personnel », Watanî, 19 octobre). - - Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî, accompanied by Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, inspected the excavation work of the Egyptian archaeological mission working in Saqqâra archaeological area. The excavation work resulted in the discovery of new burial shafts that house a large number of coloured and closed coffins that have been buried for more than 2,500 years, in addition to coloured and gilded wooden statues. Madbûlî was keen to go inside one of the three new burial shafts along with al-‘Inânî and Waziri, to inspect the discovered artefacts as an encouragement to the mission of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. All the details of this discovery will be announced during the next few weeks in a press conference in Saqqâra after the completion of the archaeological documentation and photography works. 132 Octobre 2020 Madbûlî was keen to shoot a video while he was inside the well, in which he thanked the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and stated he takes pride in the unique Egyptian civilization. découverte archéologique à Saqqâra », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 20 octobre). - - Mercredi 21 octobre 2020 Within the framework of joint cooperation between Orascom Pyramids for recreational projects and the Supreme Council of Antiquities; Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî attends the opening of the Nine Pyramids Lounge and witnesses the operation of the first environmentally friendly electric bus on the Pyramids Plateau. al-‘Inânî also thanked the Prime Minister for the great support the ministry receives from the government, which has led to all these discoveries being made by Egyptian hands. This is in addition to the unprecedented achievement of many archaeological projects that have been praised by the whole world. The Egyptian minister of Tourism and Antiquities noted that five Egyptian museums will be inaugurated before the end of 2020. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Prime Minister inspects Saqqâra archaeological site”, Egypt Today, October 19, 2020. Voir également “Egypt to announce new discovery in Saqqâra Necropolis soon”, Ahram Online, October 19; “Egypt unveils 2,500-year-old wells with a huge number of coloured human coffins”, Egypt Independent, October 19 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le Premier ministre inspecte la BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 al-‘Inânî, accompanied by Chairman and CEO of the company Nagîb Sawiris, along with the presence of more than 50 ambassadors from Foreign, Arab and African countries in Cairo, witnessed the start of the trial operation of the first environmentally friendly electric bus, which will be used in the path of the visit area through six main stations, as well as the opening of the first restaurant and lounge inside the Gîza pyramids area. Nine Pyramids Lounge and Restaurant, which is managed and supervised by the Orascom Investment Holding Company, is located on the southern side of the pyramids plateau and overlooks nine pyramids in a unique and picturesque view. The total surface area of the restaurant and rest is 1,341 square meters, which is divided into several areas, some covered and some exposed, two pergolas and a Bedouin area, in addition to a private car park attached to the restaurant. Nine Pyramids Lounge and Restaurant provides its various services of unique meals and drinks, which possess the highest quality, in addition to the capacity of holding a number of special events, in the arms of the great Egyptian civilization. The trial operation of the first environmentally friendly electric bus will begin through six main stations, starting from the Visitor Center station, passing through Panorama station, then the Menkaure station, 133 Octobre 2020 Khufu station, then the Khafre station, ending at the Sphinx station before returning to the Visitor Center. The company is presenting the first model of an approved sales outlet for holders of licenses issued by the competent authorities only, as part of the development of the vendor system within the pyramids plateau in a distinct and upscale manner befitting the greatness and splendour of the ancient Egyptian civilization represented by all the antiquities contained in the region. Furthermore, al-‘Inânî stated that in light of the engineering completion of 100 percent of the project to develop the antiquities area of the pyramids and raise the efficiency of services in it, which was implemented by the Armed Forces Engineering Authority with government funding, preparations are underway to continue operating the project and that there will be a visitation from the visitors’ entrance from the Fayyûm Road before mid-2021. He said: "Today we announce the opening of the first tourist restaurant in the Panorama area of the Pyramids Plateau — without any heavy building or construction in accordance with the requirements of the archaeological area — as the first fruits of the protocol for providing and operating services in the area between the Supreme Council of Antiquities and the Egyptian company, Orascom BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Investment Holding, which was signed in December 2018." The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities added: “The restaurant is a simple wooden building with pillows spread on the ground, like the Bedouin style, in a unique location that sees all the pyramids of Gîza.” He also indicated the arrival of the first environmentally friendly electric tourist bus that will be used during the visit in the region after preventing the entry of vehicles and buses inside the archaeological area in order to preserve the antiquities, when the development project is completed and raising the efficiency of tourism services is opened before mid-2021. The development project guarantees the provision of transportation within the archaeological area, including buses and vehicles powered by electricity and environmentally friendly energy, and the provision of mobile and self-cleaning toilets, while introducing fast food, food and beverage services in the area in the places specified and approved by the Supreme Council of Antiquities, and other agreed tourism services. This is in the context of the ministry’s keenness to improve the quality of services provided to visitors in the region, which is one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. Also, al-‘Inânî stressed the Egyptian state’s keenness to have a tourist and archaeological infrastructure, which has a positive impact on the incoming tourism movement to Egypt, explaining that in conjunction with the completion of the project to develop the antiquities of the pyramid, increasing the capacity of Sphinx International Airport to double its capacity and opening it in 2021, the Grand Egyptian Museum will change the touristic map of Cairo. Sawiris, chairman and CEO of Orascom Investment, said that the main goal that was set in mind since the first day of our entry into the project to manage and operate visitor services in the Gîza pyramids area is to 134 Octobre 2020 upgrade the services provided to a level befitting the civilization of Egypt and the greatness of this archaeological area while protecting it from pollution with all its kinds, maintaining the cleanliness and prestige of the place, and providing a unique and distinctive experience for tourists. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities attends opening of Nine Pyramids Lounge”, Egypt Today, October 21, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « al‘Inânî et 50 ambassadeurs assistent à l’inauguration d’un projet touristique sur le plateau de Gîza », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 octobre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Mise en service des premiers bus électriques sur le plateau de Gîza », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 octobre). - - Within the framework of Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ plan to develop and archaeological areas and sites, the work of lighting the external facades of the al-Mansûr Sayf al-Dîn Qalâwwûn began on al-Mu‘izz Street. Usâma Tal‘at, head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector, explained that work is underway to select and determine the quantities and colours of lighting required in proportion to the aesthetic element of the archaeological group. It is worth noting that Sultan Sayf al-Dîn Qalâwwûn al-Alfî built that group between the years 683 and 684 AH (1283-1284 AD), and it includes a group of buildings, including a school of learning that is also used as a mosque, a dome and a mausoleum, and a bîmâristân to treat the sick. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The complex was built on the remaining part of the small western Fatimid palace facing what was once the great eastern Fatimid palace. The area was known as “Bayn alQasrayn” (Between two palaces). (“Lighting system of the jewel of Islamic architecture on al-Mu‘izz Street upgraded”, Egypt Today, October 21, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Modernisation de l’éclairage du complexe al-Mansûr Sayf al-Dîn Qalâwwûn à al-Mu‘izz », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 octobre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’archéologie commence la modernisation de l’éclairage du complexe al-Mansûr Sayf alDîn Qalâwwûn à al-Mu‘izz », al-Ahrâm, 20 octobre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Modernisation de l’éclairage du complexe al-Mansûr Sayf al-Dîn Qalâwwûn à al-Mu‘izz », Sada al-Balad, 20 octobre). - - Jeudi 22 octobre 2020 After just two days of its launching, the Nine Pyramids Lounge in the Panorama area of the Gîza Pyramids received tourist groups. 135 Octobre 2020 Many tourist groups flocked to the antiquities area of the Gîza Pyramids Thursday, including a group from Belarus and Ukraine, coming from Sharm al-Shaykh as part of "oneday" trips, to enjoy visiting the Gîza pyramids, and dining at the Nine Pyramids Lounge that was opened on October 20 in the Panorama Area. The tourists expressed their admiration for the way the pyramids were built, and their amazement at the enormity of the Sphinx and the way it was carved. They were keen to go to the panorama area to take memorial photos. - - In the early hours of October 22, visitors from around the world observed the unique biannual phenomenon of the solar alignment on the statue of Ramses II in Abû Simbil Temple, while adhering to all safety measures implemented in archaeological sites and museums nationwide. During the solar alignment, sun rays enter the temple’s sanctum to light three of four statues. In addition, a trial run of the first environmentally friendly electric bus has been conducted, which will be tested on the path of the visit area through six major stations within the archaeological area. Director General of the Gîza Pyramids area, Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn indicated that the tourist groups were impressed by the view that the restaurant overlooks, describing it as "amazing", as they were for the first time able to see the nine pyramids located in the area from a single spot. It is worth noting that the area development project ensures the provision of transportation within the Gîza Pyramids area of buses and vehicles powered by electricity and environmentally friendly energy and providing the area with portable and self-cleaning toilets, providing food and beverage services in the region in the places specified and approved by the Supreme Council of Antiquities, and other agreed upon tourism services. This is in the context of the ministry’s keenness to improve the quality of services provided to visitors in the region, which is one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. (“2 days after opening: Tourists enjoy dining in the 9 Pyramids Lounge”, Egypt Today, October 22, 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie inaugure le premier restaurant touristique sur le plateau de Gîza », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 octobre). BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The three statues belong to King Ramses II and the deities Amun-Re and Re-Hur-Akhty, leaving the God of Darkness Ptah in shadow to symbolize his connection to the underworld. The Head of the Antiquities Sector in Aswân and Nuba ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd said that the alignment phenomenon took place at around 5:52am and lasted for nearly 20 minutes. He added that a number of foreign tourists, Arabs and Egyptian visitors flocked to the 136 Octobre 2020 temple to enjoy watching this unique phenomenon, which happens twice every year, on October 22nd and February 22nd. It’s a phenomenon that attracts the world’s attention, as the sun’s rays infiltrate the temple, to reach temple’s sanctum, which is about sixty meters away from the entrance. He asserted that all hygiene, safety and precautionary measures were taken, social distancing was applied and visitors wore masks inside the temple. (“Visitors flock to Abû Simbil Temple to watch solar alignment phenomenon”, Egypt Today, October 22, 2020. Voir également Muhammad Bakrî, « Équinoxe du soleil sur le temple d’Abu Simbil », al-Ahrâm, 22 octobre ; Nevine ElAref, “Visitors observe biannual sun alignment at Ramses II Temple in Abû Simbil”, Ahram Online, October 22 ; Muhammad ‘Awad, « Équinoxe du soleil sur le temple d’Abu Simbil », Watanî, 22 octobre ; “Sun lights up the face of Ramses II in Abû Simbil in biannual illumination”, Egypt Independent, October 22). - - Following the footsteps of the ancestors to create historic glories, the Egyptians managed to re-create the phenomenon of the sun illuminating the face of Ramses II statue in its permanent location in the Grand Egyptian Museum. The phenomenon has become a reality on October 21, 2020. Work to re-create this phenomenon came after the idea was adopted by ‘Âtif Muftâh, the general supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum and the surrounding area. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Muftâh directed studying and applying this phenomenon in October 2019, and formed a team of engineers and archaeologists, in cooperation with Ahmad ‘Awad, a researcher at the Faculty of Engineering, to work on recreating that astronomical phenomenon. It took an entire year of astronomical studies and careful engineering calculations for the phenomenon to be recreated in the museum’s lobby, on the face of the statue of King Ramses II, just like the biannual event in Abû Simbil Temple. The application of this phenomenon within the lobby of the Grand Egyptian Museum aims to create a cultural and touristic celebration to be linked to the original civilizational phenomenon at the Abû Simbil Temple. (“Egypt’s Grand Museum re-creates solar alignment phenomenon on Ramses II statue”, Egypt Today, October 22, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Équinoxe du soleil sur le visage de Ramsès II au GEM », alMasrî al-Yawm, 22 octobre ). - - The archaeological unit at Alexandria port foiled an attempt to smuggle three artefacts made of porcelain and glass. Hamdî Hammâm, head of the Central Administration for Archaeological Ports and Units at Egyptian Ports, said the Alexandria Port Customs Office seized the three objects which were hidden inside a container that was to be exported and reported the case to the archaeological unit. 137 Octobre 2020 The committee confiscated the pieces for the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in accordance with the Antiquities Protection Law 117/1983. Hammâm added an archaeological committee examined the pieces and proved their authenticity. The artefacts were a porcelain lantern with inscriptions from the 19th century, a porcelain pear-shaped vessel with a round mouth from the same era, and a decorated glass vessel dating to the early Islamic era. The pieces were stored at an archaeological gallery affiliated to the Supreme Council of Antiquities. (Nevine ElAref, “Egyptian authorities foil attempt to smuggle three artefacts from Alexandria port”, Ahram Online, October 22, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Trois vases saisis dans le port d’Alexandrie », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 22 octobre ; Amal Gamâl, « Échec d’une tentative d’exportation illicite de trois vases », Watanî, 22 octobre). - - The French Navy Heritage Music Band, Bagad de Lann-Bihoué, performed for 40 minutes in the panorama area of the Gîza Pyramids on Wednesday. The world-famous French band will stage musical performances at a number of Egyptian archaeological and tourist sites from 20 to 26 October. The band toured the area after the end of the performance. They enjoyed ancient Egyptian landmarks and took photos in front of the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx, expressing happiness as a French military BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 138 Octobre 2020 music band playing in the arms of ancient Egyptian civilisation. preserve the Egyptian antiquities as a civilised legacy for all mankind. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities welcomed the performances of the band, which benefit tourism promotion, especially as they coincide with the country’s celebrations of the October 1973 victories. He stressed the importance of restoring the objects involved, and he offered the assistance of a group of Egyptian restorers in removing, cleaning and restoring the pieces. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egyptian artefacts among items sprayed with olive oil in several Berlin museums”, Ahram Online, October 23, 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Un individu jette de l’huile d’olive sur des pièces archéologiques exposées à Berlin », Watanî, 23 octobre ; “Egyptian artefacts under attack in Berlin”, Egypt Today, October 22 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Des pièces archéologiques égyptiennes vandalisées à Berlin », al-Ahrâm, 23 octobre). The band is scheduled perform at the Salâh al-Dîn Citadel in Cairo, Cairo Opera House, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, and the Citadel of Qâytbây in Alexandria, with the participation of the Egyptian Military Symphony Orchestra. (Nevine El-Aref, “French Navy Heritage Music Band performs at Gîza Pyramids panorama area”, Ahram Online, October 22, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « La Bagad de Lann-Bihoué invitée aux pyramides », Sada alBalad, 21 octobre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « La Bagad de Lann-Bihoué se produit sur le plateau de Gîza », al-Ahrâm, 21 octobre). - - - - Dimanche 25 octobre 2020 Vendredi 23 octobre 2020 Sixteen Egyptian artefacts were among 69 objects that were sprayed with olive oil on Berlin’s Museum Island, a UNESCO world heritage site that is home to five famous museums. Egyptian Ambassador to Germany Khâlid Galâl carried out an inspection visit, accompanied by the managers of the museums, to find out the condition of the Egyptian artefacts on display. All the Egyptian pieces are from the collection of the museums and are not part of a temporary exhibition in Germany, as was rumoured. Investigations showed that the suspected person had poured olive oil on 69 artefacts displayed at museums in Berlin, including 16 Egyptian pieces, not including the bust of Queen Nefertiti. Galâl told the German authorities his concerns about the possibility of the reoccurrence of such an event and called for all necessary security measures to be taken to BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, inspected the Royal Chariots Museum in Bûlâq on October 25, to witness the latest works and place the final touches in preparation for its imminent opening. During the inspecting tour al-‘Inânî was accompanied by the Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, Assistant Minister for Archaeological Sites Development Îmân Zaydân and a number of the ministry’s leaders. The tour included inspecting the exhibition halls, the courtyard, and the fountain in addition to reviewing the museum’s guiding signs. The museum will house unique artefacts, showing different means of transport used by kings and rulers of that era, in addition to the 139 Octobre 2020 chariots that had been used in the different occasions. It is considered one of the rarest museums, as it is the fourth of its kind in the world after the museums of Russia, England and Austria. The Royal Chariots Museum was established during the reign of Khedive Ismâ‘îl (1863-1879). The museum’s restoration project began in 2001 and came to a halt several years ago. The restoration work was launched again in the museum in 2017 after it was suffering from great neglect. The cost of restoration amounts to about LE 63 million. The museum’s development works included building rehabilitation, structural reinforcement, facade restoration, architectural finishes, as well as equipping and preparing the exhibition halls. The museum was also provided with a visual exhibition hall to screen documentary films on royal vehicles. Also, a new exhibition scenario was set inside the museum’s five halls shedding light on all the unique artefacts the museum houses. A restoration laboratory with the latest scientific equipment was established inside the museum. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities inspects Royal Chariots Museum”, Egypt Today, October 25, 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le musée des Carrosses royaux », Watanî, 25 octobre). Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities (R) convenes with new Danish Ambassador to Egypt - Photo via Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities On October 25, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî received in his office at the ministry’s headquarters in Zamâlik, Ambassador Sven Ouling, the new ambassador of Denmark in Cairo, who was keen to meet the minister and get to know him in his first official meetings after assuming his duties as ambassador to his country in Cairo. During the meeting, they discussed ways of strengthening cooperation between the two countries in the field of archaeological work, training archaeologists and restorers, in addition to attracting more inbound tourist movement from Denmark to Egypt. Also, during the meeting, a proposal to hold temporary exhibitions between the two countries was discussed. For his part, the ambassador congratulated al-‘Inânî on the announcement of the unveiling of the colourful Saqqâra coffins, which the ministry announced in early October, pointing out that he was hoping to attend this new archaeological discovery, but his job duties prevented him from attending. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities convenes with new Danish Ambassador to Egypt”, Egypt Today, October 25, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie examine avec le nouvel ambassadeur du Danemark au Caire l’organisation d’expositions archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 25 octobre). - - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 140 Octobre 2020 Inside the room two limestone statues, one of the calf Apis and the other of a lady, were found. This is in addition to a group of the most beautiful canopic vessels made of alabaster in the form of the four sons of Horus, engraved with the titles and names of the deceased. The Egyptian archaeological mission working in the antiquities area of al-Ghurayfa in Tûna al-Gabal, Minyâ Governorate, uncovered the tomb of the supervisor of ancient Egypt’s royal treasury. Stone statues and other archaeological findings, all in good condition, were also unveiled. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities and Head of the Mission Mustafa Wazîrî explained that the cemetery consists of a burial well with a depth of 10 meters, leading to a large room with niches carved into the rock and closed with stone slabs. Wazîrî noted that the finding also include 400 ushabti statues of blue and green faience bearing the name of the deceased, six burials of the deceased’s family members containing about 1,000 faience statues, groups of canopic vessels made of polyester and limestone, as well as some amulets, scarabs, and a group of pottery vessels from the alSawy era. Moreover, four stone sarcophagi in a human form, which were closed with mortar. Work is still undergoing to uncover more secrets and treasures from the al-Ghurayfa area. It is worth noting that the fourth season of excavations of the Egyptian archaeological mission in the archaeological area of alGhurayfa in Minyâ’s Tûna al-Gabal revealed a 5-meter deep burial well, with a coffin made of BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 141 Octobre 2020 limestone that belongs to the chief priest of one of the ancient Egyptian deities. October 24; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mise au jour à Tûna al-Gabal de la tombe de Badi Eset, Superviseur du Trésor Royal », al-Ahrâm, 24 octobre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Découverte de 4 sarcophages et 1 400 ouchebtis à Tûna al-Gabal dans la tombe du Superviseur du Trésor Royal », Sada al-Balad, 24 octobre ; “Egyptian team uncovers ancient tomb of Royal Treasury Supervisor in Minyâ”, Egypt Independent, October 26). - - Lundi 26 octobre 2020 The coffin is decorated with scenes representing the four children of Horus, in good condition. A group of ushabti statues made of vines were also discovered in the burial well. During its previous three seasons, the archaeological mission has succeeded in uncovering many family cemeteries belonging to the high priests of one of the ancient Egyptian deities and senior officials in the fifteenth region of Upper Egypt and its capital, al-Ashmûnayn, in addition to 19 cemeteries containing 70 stone sarcophagi of different sizes and shapes and funerary furniture. (Mustafa Marie, “New archaeological discovery in Tûna al-Gabal”, Egypt Today, October 25, 2020. Voir également Theresa Kamâl, « Découverte de scarabées et d’amulettes à al-Ghurayfa », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 12 octobre ; Nevine El-Aref, “Amulets and figurines discovered in newly unearthed sarcophagus in Minyâ”, Ahram Online, October 12 ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Mise au jour à Tûna al-Gabal du sarcophage du grand prêtre de Djehouty », al-Ahrâm, 12 octobre ; Angy Essam, “Egypt’s archaeological mission uncovers amulets, figurines in sarcophagus in Minyâ”, Egypt Today, October 12 ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Découverte de scarabées et d’amulettes à al-Ghurayfa », Sada al-Balad, 12 octobre ; Nihal Samir, “Tomb of ancient Royal Treasury Supervisor uncovered in Minyâ Governorate”, Daily News Egypt, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Poland presented the Order of Merit to Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-’Inânî and renowned Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs. al-’Inânî and Hawwâs were honoured for their efforts to boost Polish-Egyptian cooperation in archaeology and tourism and in preserving Egypt’s heritage. They received the order at a gala ceremony held at the Polish Embassy in Cairo on Sunday which was attended by Polish and Egyptian ambassadors and prominent figures. Polish Ambassador Michał Łabenda said “It is necessary to underline that the honouring of Minister al-’Inânî and Hawwâs by Andrzej Duda, president of the Republic of Poland, must also be presented in a broader historical perspective. Given the long-lasting tradition of the bonds between Poles and Egyptians, we express the respect for Egyptian history and culture, which added to the value of our friendly relations." Last year the Poles celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Polish Centre of 142 Octobre 2020 Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, an event organised thanks to the hospitality of al-’Inânî. The centre upholds a tradition of Polish activity in the field established by Kazimierz Michalowski and his pioneering work. Michalowski put together the PolishEgyptian Archaeological and Conservation Mission at the Temple of Hatshepsut at Dayr al-Baharî in 1961. Thanks to the joint efforts of the members of the mission as well as cooperation with the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, it has become possible to share and explore further parts of the temple. al-’Inânî said that Egypt and Poland have always had strong relations, with Egypt being one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with Poland in 1927. “Poland has always been our partner in the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in the fields of archaeology and Tourism. Poland was one of the first countries I visited after the resumption of international flights last August. I had fruitful meetings with Polish authorities and colleagues in the fields of tourism and archaeology,” he said. "This year we celebrate the 83rd anniversary of the work of the first Polish archaeologists in Egypt that started in 1937. In December 2019, we held a temporary exhibition in Tahrîr Museum celebrating the 60th anniversary of the inauguration of the Research Centre in Cairo that is affiliated to the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw." He pointed out that «the Egyptian-Polish Archaeological Mission in coordination with BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 their Egyptian counterparts have contributed to many archaeological discoveries and provided us with a lot of valuable information and studies. "Among the multiple aspects of the fruitful Egyptian-Polish cooperation, it is apt mentioning that in 2017 I had the honour of attending the opening of the Sanctuary of Amun-Ra in the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Dayr al-Baharî, Luxor, after its restoration, as well as the opening of the Villa of Birds and the New Visit Pathway in Kom al-Dikka, Alexandria. Egypt’s relationship with Poland is as strong in the field of tourism, al-’Inânî said. "Poland is one of the top 10 ranking source markets. Egypt received over 400,000 Polish tourists in 2019," he added. International flights resumed after a sixmonth suspension due to COVID-19. Poland placed Egypt in the green travel zone and flights resumed to Sharm al-Shaykh, Hurghada and Marsa Allam in August. Hawwâs said Egypt and Poland have been cooperating extensively in the field of archaeology and training archaeologists. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt’s al-’Inânî and Hawwâs receive Polish Order of Merit”, Ahram Online, October 26, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « La Pologne décore al-’Inânî et Hawwâs », Sada al-Balad, 25 octobre ; Mustafa Marie, “Polish Ambassador to Egypt grants al-‘Inânî, Hawwâs "Order of Merit"”, Egypt Today, October 26). - 143 Octobre 2020 département d’égyptologie de la Brown University aux États-Unis. Hier, dimanche 25 octobre 2020, le ministre du Tourisme et des Antiquités, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî, a nommé Dr al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs au poste de ministre adjoint pour les affaires archéologiques du Grand Musée Égyptien. Il occupait le poste de directeur des affaires archéologiques du GEM depuis mai 2019. Cette nomination est motivée par son efficacité et les félicitations des dirigeants du musée et du ministère pour ses performances exceptionnelles depuis son arrivée au GEM l’an dernier. Cette nomination s’inscrit également dans le cadre des travaux importants qui nécessitent un suivi de toutes les œuvres archéologiques en termes de transport et d’entretien des antiquités et de conception de l’exposition muséologique et d’autres travaux liés au contenu scientifique du site Web du musée, aux services numériques, aux catalogues et aux publications scientifiques. Il est à noter que Dr al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs est titulaire d’un doctorat du Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology de l’University of Liverpool en 2009. Il a ensuite été nommé professeur de langue égyptienne ancienne au Département d’orientation touristique de la faculté de Tourisme et d’Hôtellerie de l’Université de Minyâ. En 2012, il a obtenu une bourse Fulbright au BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 En 2015, il a été nommé chercheur associé à l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire (Ifao). En 2018, il a été choisi membre du Centre de recherche et d’études archéologiques de l’université de Minyâ. En 2017, il a été nommé chef adjoint de la mission de fouille conjointe entre l’université de Minyâ et le ministère des Antiquités, qui a découvert en 2019 la cachette des momies à Tûna al-Gabal. Enfin, le Dr al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs a publié de nombreux articles et ouvrages scientifiques dans des périodiques scientifiques internationaux en anglais. (Hishâm Shawqî, « al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs nommé adjoint pour les affaires archéologiques du GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 26 octobre 2020. Voir également Amâl Raslân, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie nomme un adjoint pour les affaires archéologiques du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 octobre ; « alTayyib ‘Abbâs nommé adjoint pour les affaires archéologiques du GEM », al-Shurûq, 26 octobre ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs nommé adjoint pour les affaires archéologiques du GEM », Vetogate, 26 octobre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî nomme al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs adjoint pour les affaires archéologiques du GEM », al-Ahrâm, 26 octobre). - - The Tourism and Antiquities Ministry’s Historic Cairo General Directorate has announced the first restoration project for Wakâlat al-Sultan Qâytbây complex in Old Cairo’s Bâb al-Nasr district, with plans to convert it into a heritage hotel at a cost of roughly LE100 million. 144 Octobre 2020 The project’s director Mahmûd ‘Abd alBâsit told MENA on Saturday that the restoration project is set to be finalized in a year. He explained that the Ministry of Antiquities is turning the Wakâlat, which was registered under the Islamic and Coptic antiquities in 1953, into a unique heritage hotel after in cooperation with the Ministry of Housing which is funding the project. He added the project has been approved by the Permanent Committee for Islamic and Coptic Antiquities. The heritage hotel will be provided with furnishings that suit the nature of the ancient building, allowing visitors to spend their nights in the heart of Cairo, according to ‘Abd alBâsit. Bazaars located near Wakâlat al-Sultan Qâytbây will remain so that tourists can buy artefacts and gifts from them, he added. for merchants. (“Wakâlat al-Sultan Qâytbây complex to become heritage hotel at LE100 million cost”, Egypt Independent, October 26, 2020. Voir également MENA, « 100 millions L.E. pour transformer Wakâlat Qâytbây en hôtel », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 24 octobre ; “Historic Wakâlat al-Sultan Qâytbây to be converted into a heritage hotel”, Egypt Today, October 25; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie transforme Wakâlat Qâytbây en hôtel », Watanî, 6 novembre). - - En prévision de l’inauguration prochaine du musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh, le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî, a procédé à trois nouvelles nominations : — Myriam Sa‘îd Édouard a été nommée superviseur général du projet du musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh. Mamdûh Fârûq — Mamdûh Fârûq a été nommé directeur du musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh. The Wakâlat al-Sultan Qâytbây dates back to 1481 during the Mamluk era in Egypt. Located in al-Gamâliyya neighbourhood on Bâb al-Nasr Street in Old Cairo, the ancient apartment complex is characterized by its spaciousness. Originally a commercial warehouse dating back to the Circassian Mamluk era and built by Sultan Qâytbây, it was later allocated to house merchants and travellers to conduct business. It is an example of unique Mamluk-era architecture. It consists of three floors, overlooking a spacious inner courtyard. The ground floor included crops for trade, whereas the two upper floors were used as residences BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 — Muhammad Ahmad Hasanayn a été nommé secrétaire général du musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh. (‘Umar alMahdî, « Le secrétaire général du CSA procède à trois nouvelles nominations », alAhrâm, 26 octobre 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Dr Rayhân salue la nomination de Mamdûh Fârûq à la tête du musée de Sharm al-Shaykh », Watanî, 27 octobre). - - Mardi 27 octobre 2020 Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, represented by the ministry’s Museums Sector, is working on finalizing the preparations for the imminent opening of the Royal Chariots 145 Octobre 2020 Museum, where a large number of recent works have been completed. The museum includes an impressive collection of collectibles, most notably the royal chariots of various sizes and types, dating back to the period of the rule of Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha’s family in Egypt. It also includes a group of horse kits and accessories, in addition to the costumes of the staff whose work was related to the chariots, as well as a group of oil paintings of kings and princesses dating back to the same historical period. The captioning of all the artefacts was completed using Braille for the visually impaired, and an explanatory map of the museum halls was placed at the entrance. musée de la Nouvelle Vallée, Târiq al-Qal‘î, a rappelé que cette célébration annuelle vient en réponse à l’attaque blasphématoire lancée par des caricaturistes français contre notre maître Muhammad, que Dieu le bénisse et lui accorde la paix. al-Qal‘î a souligné que les participants à cette célébration ont vigoureusement protesté contre l’insulte proférée à l’encontre de notre noble Messager. « À travers le musée, nous souhaitons adresser un message de paix au monde entier. Notre religion nous exhorte à croire en toutes les religions et tous les prophètes, à les sanctifier et à respecter toutes les croyances », a ajouté al-Qal‘î. Paved corridors and ramps have been identified and placed for ease of climbing and descending, thus facilitating the movement of wheelchairs for people with mobility disabilities. Also, signs will be placed in all halls using sign language for the hearing impaired, in addition to allocating toilets for individuals with special needs equipped according to international standards. (“Egypt’s Royal Chariots Museum restored bearing individuals with special needs in mind”, Egypt Today, October 27, 2020). - - Enfin, l’administration du musée a distribué des pâtisseries pour célébrer l’anniversaire de la naissance du prophète Muhammad. Un spectacle artistique et poétique a été présenté par les élèves de l’école Mu‘âz bin Gabal à Khârga. (Mansûr Abû al-‘Alamayn, « Le musée archéologique de la ville de Khârga célèbre la naissance du prophète Muhammad », Sada alBalad, 27 octobre 2020). - Le musée archéologique de la ville de Khârga, située dans le gouvernorat de la Nouvelle Vallée, a organisé aujourd’hui une célébration marquant la naissance du prophète Muhammad. Le directeur général du BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât received a variety of important archaeological collections that were recently discovered during the excavations carried out by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in the city of Memphis and its cemeteries in Saqqâra, as part of the preparation for the imminent opening of the museum. 146 Octobre 2020 That is in addition to receiving a statue of a senior employee in the Fourth Dynasty, a funerary stela with a hierarchical top by a writer from the Amarna era, a distinctively crafted red clay pot with four nozzles and ten handles and a necklace made of semi-precious red agate stones. The artefacts include a number of statues, among them a 79 cm high granite statue of one of the Egyptian deities wearing a long robe and a wavy wig topped with a crown, holding in her right hand the symbol of life: the ankh, in addition to a number of frescoes, including a painting with an inscription showing the goddess Hathor in the form of a lady with cow horns with the sun in between, which symbolizes motherhood, love, beauty, patroness of childhood and music in ancient Egypt. Ahmad Ghunaym, chairman of the Executive Authority of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, explained that the central exhibition hall, which covers an area of about 2,300 square meters, will display about 1500 archaeological and heritage masterpieces representing the emergence and development of Egyptian civilization through the ages. Ghunaym further stated that the Royal Mummies Hall will also be opened, to which 22 mummies of the great kings and queens of Egypt from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th Dynasties will soon be transferred in a huge ceremonial procession that befits the Egyptian civilization. The museum also received a group of other holdings, which is a large alabaster vessel with an ornament known as the decoration of the coiled rope, it was found inside the pyramid of King Djoser in Saqqâra, spanning back to approximately 4,650 years ago. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 According to Ghunaym, these halls will be equipped with the latest means and methods of screening and modern explanations of documentary films, interactive screens, illustrations, cards and technological applications. (Mustafa Marie, “Numerous artefacts transferred to the NMEC prior to imminent opening”, Egypt Today, October 27, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le NMEC reçoit quelques pièces archéologiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 27 octobre). - 147 Octobre 2020 Mercredi 28 octobre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî met with Assistant to the Minister for Archaeological Affairs at the Grand Egyptian Museum al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, Assistant to the Minister Yumna Ismâ‘îl to follow up on the progress of the museum project. al-‘Inânî also convened with the representatives of the company in charge of the implementation of the museum’s communication and information technology systems; in order to follow up on the latest developments in the museum’s website. The meeting discussed the museum’s website design, the scientific content of the artefacts, as well as the latest developments in communication and information technology (ICT) systems, virtual visits, insurance systems for museum exhibition halls, and the reservation systems of the museum’s entrance tickets. The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities al‘Inânî directed the speedy completion of the equipment and software required to implement and operate these systems in preparation for the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. (“Egypt’s tourism & antiquities Minister directs speedy completion of Communications, IT systems required to launch GEM’s website”, Egypt Today, October 28, 2020. Voir également Amal Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie suit l’avancement de la création du site Web du GEM », Watanî, 28 octobre). - - Les recettes touristiques de l’Égypte ont chuté de 54,9 % au cours du premier semestre de cette année par rapport à la même période BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 de l’année dernière. Les vols vers l’Égypte ont diminué de 69,5 % au cours des huit premiers mois de 2020. La pandémie du coronavirus a durement frappé le secteur mondial du voyage et du tourisme. Nombreux pays ont décidé de fermer leurs frontières, afin de contrôler la propagation de l’épidémie qui a tué plus d’un million de personnes. Dans son dernier rapport, l’Organisation mondiale du tourisme a souligné que le tourisme international avait chuté de 70 % au cours des huit premiers mois de cette année. Au cours des trois dernières années, l’Égypte a enregistré une croissance de ses revenus touristiques, l’une des plus importantes ressources en devises pour le pays, avec des recettes touristiques atteignant 13 milliards de dollars en 2019, contre 11,6 milliards de dollars en 2018 et 7,8 milliards de dollars en 2017. Dans le classement de l’Organisation mondiale du tourisme l’Égypte a progressé à la 34e place l’an dernier, comparé à la 36e place en 2018. La dépense moyenne touristique en Égypte est passée à 1 000 $ en 2019, contre environ 940 $ en 2017. (Usâma Fâyiz, « Chute de 55 % des recettes touristiques de l’Égypte à cause du coronavirus », Watanî, 28 octobre 2020). - - Jeudi 29 octobre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-’Inânî received, in his office at the ministry’s headquarters in Zamâlik, Archbishop Dimitri Damianos for the Greek Orthodox Monastery of Saint Catherine, and his accompanying delegation. 148 Octobre 2020 They discussed aspects of joint cooperation between the ministry and the monastery’s administration to finish the work of the development project of the monastery and improve the efficiency of touristic services. He pointed out that the two parties stressed the importance of completing all the work that the ministry started years ago , as part of an integrated plan to develop the monastery and the surrounding area, and place them on the touristic map of Egypt. The project to develop the Monastery of Saint Catherine is part of a plan by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to develop Jabal Musa, Jabal Safsafa, and the Holy Valley in South Sinai. The meeting was attended by head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish antiquities sector in the ministry Usâma Tal’at. During the meeting, the two parties reviewed existing and future projects aimed at developing the Valley of the Monastery. Tal’at mentioned that the ministry pays special attention to this project because of its sanctity and the special religious, environmental and archaeological position it holds. In addition to that, it is one of the monuments registered as a world heritage site of the UNESCO. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 This includes the restoration of the monastery’s churches, the development of the area’s entrances, the identification of routes for the visitors, and the provision of services for visitors. The ministry has completed the first phase of the project. This included paving the roads leading to Saint Catherine’s Monastery and Jabal Musa; establishing a bus stop for tourists and cars; raising the efficiency of all services in the area from bazaars, baths and the clinics, and setting up an electronic security system equipped with x-ray devices connected to a digital control room with cameras in the area. (“Egypt’s tourism & antiquities Minister meets Archbishop of Monastery of Saint Catherine”, Egypt Today, October 29, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî reçoit le président du monastère de Sainte-Catherine », al-Ahrâm, 28 octobre ; Amal Gamâl, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit l’archevêque des orthodoxes grecs au Sinaï », Watanî, 29 octobre). - - 149 V – NOVEMBRE 2020 Lundi 2 novembre 2020 The Kafr al-Shaykh Museum opened its doors to visitors on November 2, after President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî recently inaugurated it. The governor of Kafr al-Shaykh inspected the museum Monday to check on the progress of the work. With its modern construction, the museum is located in the famous Sanaa Park to document the cultural heritage of the governorate and spread the archaeological and civilizational awareness of the heritage of Kafr al-Shaykh Governorate and the nearby governorates. The museum houses 735 artefacts, the most important of which is a statue from the Greco-Roman era depicting a child in a lake, and a statue of King Ramses II with the deity Sekhmet, in addition to a progressive painting of King Thutmose III, and 2 stone blocks, the head of a king of the 30th Dynasty, and another statue of a priest dating back to the age of the 26th Dynasty, from the Tell alFarâ‘în area. It was decided to open the museum on all days of the week from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. so that visitors can enjoy seeing the distinctive artefacts. A special visit path has been set up for people with special needs. (“Kafr al-Shaykh Museum re-opens its doors to visitors”, Egypt Today, November 2, 2020. Voir également “With a LE one billion makeover, Egypt reopens 3 museums to the public in different governorates”, Egypt Independent, st November 1 ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le musée de Kafr al-Shaykh ouvre ses portes », al-Shurûq, 2 novembre). President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî, Khâlid al-‘Inânî, and Mustafa Wazîrî during the opening of one of the museums on Saturday The museum consists of three main exhibition halls, displaying artefacts from the excavations of the Tell al-Farâ‘în archaeological area and some other archaeological areas from Kafr al-Shaykh Governorate. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - Mardi 3 novembre 2020 On the evening of November 2, the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities organized a celebration at the Royal Carriages Museum in Bûlâq on the occasion of its inauguration among three museums that were inaugurated by Egypt’s President al-Sîsî. These 150 Novembre 2020 inaugurations included the museums of Sharm al-Shaykh and Kafr al-Shaykh. A number of ministers and officials, including the Minister of Communications and Information Technology, the Minister of Civil Aviation, the Minister of State for Information, the Minister of State for Immigration and Egyptians Abroad Affairs, the Governor of Cairo, Ghâda Wâlî, Director-General/ Executive Director of the United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV)/ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the former Minister of Social Solidarity, Zâhî Hawwâs, former Minister of Antiquities, and Mustafa al-Fiqî, Director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, all attended the celebration, in addition to around 50 ambassadors from various countries to Egypt and their spouses. Among them are the ambassadors of Italy, the United States of America, Poland, Japan, the European Union, South Korea, Belgium, Morocco, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire and others. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 ‘Alî ‘Îsa, chairman of the Automobile and Touring Club of Egypt, some members of the Board, and some Egyptian artists were also present. During the celebration, a number of promotional videos were shown; including a short film about the Royal Carriages Museum, another about the three museums that were inaugurated on Saturday, in addition to the "A Tourist in Egypt" video that was launched by the ministry as part of its "Same Great Feelings" campaign. Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Egypt’s minister of Tourism and Antiquities, welcomed the guests, expressing his happiness to be in the museum, which is considered one of the oldest of its kind in the world, and one of the most important carriages museums in the world; after the completion of the restoration and development project. The minister said that opening these three museums in three governorates by Egypt’s President in one day is an exceptional event that confirms the political and financial 151 Novembre 2020 support provided by the political leadership to the tourism and antiquities sector in Egypt. He added that these museums display treasures that reflect the greatness and nobility of the Egyptian Civilization. The minister concluded his speech by thanking the guests, and in particular Ghâda Wâlî, who made sure during her short visit to Egypt to attend this celebration. Alongside this celebration, an exhibition called "Egypt’s Heritage" for traditional crafts and handicrafts was held. It is worth noting that this celebration was sponsored by the Automobile and Touring Club of Egypt. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities celebrates opening of Royal Carriages Museum in presence of 50 ambassadors, public figures”, Egypt Today, November 3, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « 50 diplomates assistent à la cérémonie organisée par le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie à l’occasion de l’inauguration du musée des Carrosses royaux », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 novembre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une cérémonie à l’occasion de l’inauguration du musée des Carrosses royaux », al-Ahrâm, 2 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inaugure le musée des Carrosses royaux en présence de 50 ambassadeurs », al-Shurûq, 2 novembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie organise une réception au BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 musée des Carrosses royaux », Watanî, 3 novembre). - - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, received in his office at the Ministry’s headquarters in Zamâlik, the ambassador of Hungary who recently assumed his duties as ambassador to his country in Cairo. This is part the Ministry’s endeavours to communicate with the ambassadors of different countries in Egypt to enhance cooperation with them in the fields of tourism and archaeology. The minister welcomed the ambassador of Hungary, congratulating him on his new position, wishing him success in his work, and that the upcoming period would witness further cooperation between Egypt and his country in the fields of tourism and archaeology. During the meeting, the minister and the ambassador discussed the possibility of increasing the rate of tourism from Hungary to Egypt. The minister referred to Egypt’s successful experience in the resumption international tourism as of last July. He said that Hungary was one of the first countries whose tourists returned to Sharm al-Shaykh and Hurghada after the resumption of the international tourism movement. 152 Novembre 2020 The honouring will be held on November 7 at 7 p.m. at the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. In a related context, al-‘Inânî received Ambassador Oybek Usmanov, the Ambassador of Uzbekistan, who came to bid the minister farewell before the end of his term as his country’s ambassador in Cairo. They discussed strengthening cooperation between the two countries in the field of conservation, especially manuscripts, and working on exchanging experiences between the two countries in this field, in addition to training archaeologists and conservators. Hawwâs was born in a small village near Damietta, Egypt, in 1947. He dreamed of becoming a lawyer. However, Hawwâs obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Greek and Roman Antiquities from Alexandria University in 1967. They also discussed attracting more tourist traffic from Uzbekistan to Egypt. The ambassador thanked the minister for the fruitful and effective cooperation, in the fields of tourism and antiquities. At the end of the meeting, the minister wished the Uzbekistan ambassador success in his new duties. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities receives the ambassadors of Hungary, Uzbekistan in Cairo”, Egypt Today, November 3, 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit les ambassadeurs de Hongrie et d’Ouzbékistan », Watanî, 3 novembre ; Fâtima al-Surûgî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie reçoit les ambassadeurs de Hongrie et d’Ouzbékistan », al-Ahrâm, 3 novembre). - - Mercredi 4 novembre 2020 The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Charles University in Prague will honour the renowned archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs, due to his enriching contributions and achievements in the field of Egyptology, where he presented various research papers. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 At the age of 33, Hawwâs earned a Fulbright fellowship to attend the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia to study Egyptology. He then obtained a Master of Arts degree in Egyptology and Syrian-Palestinian Archaeology in 1983. He received his PhD in Egyptology in 1987. He was appointed to the position of Chief Inspector of the Gîza Plateau, but he left the position in 1993, and then later returned to the same position in early 1994. In 1998, Hawwâs was appointed Director of the Gîza Plateau, and in 2002 he was appointed Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. During his work at the Pyramids of Gîza, Hawwâs discovered the tombs of the 153 Novembre 2020 pyramid’s builders in Gîza and the Valley of the Golden Mummies in the Bahariyya Oasis. He was appointed as the first Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs. After the events of the January 25 Revolution, Hawwâs accomplished numerous publications in Egyptology. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Charles University to honour renowned archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs on Nov. 7”, Egypt Today, November 4, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie et l’Université Charles de Prague décernent une décoration à Zâhî Hawwâs », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 novembre ; Ayman Barâyyiz, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie honore Zâhî Hawwâs au Musée Égyptien », al-Ahrâm, 8 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie participe à la cérémonie de décoration de Zâhî Hawwâs », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 8 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie participe à la cérémonie de décoration de Zâhî Hawwâs », al-Shurûq, 8 novembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie qualifie Zâhî Hawwâs de père spirituel », Sada al-Balad, 8 novembre). - - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, held two meetings on November 3 with Mustafa Wazîrî, SecretaryGeneral of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, Assistant Minister for Archaeological Affairs at the Grand Egyptian Museum, the museum’s management and the company implementing the communication and IT systems at the museum. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 During the first meeting, al-‘Inânî discussed with the museum’s management the progress of work at the museum. In addition, they discussed the plan of the transfer of artefacts during the upcoming period in preparation for the opening of the museum in 2021. The meeting emphasized the importance of meeting deadlines. They also talked about the display scenario of the artefacts in the museum. In a related context, al-‘Inânî met with representatives of the ICT Company which is going to implement the communications and information technology systems at the museum. They discussed progress in the museum’s website. Also, they reviewed the final designs, the scientific content, the virtual visits, the insurance systems for museum exhibition halls, and the museum’s online ticket reservation systems. The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities instructed them to move forward in terms of purchasing the hardware requirements to implement those systems in preparation for the upcoming opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. He also asked them to make some adjustments to the content of the virtual visits. (“Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister holds 2 meetings to discuss latest developments of the Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, November 4, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie rencontre les représentants de la compagne ICT », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 3 novembre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « al-‘Inânî se réunie avec les cadres du GEM afin de suivre l’avancement des travaux », al-Ahrâm, 3 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte l’avancement des travaux du GEM », al-Shurûq, 3 novembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le coût de construction du GEM a dépassé 1 milliard de dollars », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 6 novembre). - 154 Novembre 2020 Wednesday’s celebration of the 98th anniversary of the discovery King Tutankhamun’s tomb includes ticket discounts to the king’s tomb for Egyptians and foreigners, as well as events across Luxor. Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî approved a 50 percent discount on Wednesday for entry to the tomb, which is located in the Luxor Governorate. Celebrations for the anniversary of the tomb’s discovery will take place all day across the governorate. Among the festivities planned are the inauguration of several new archaeological projects, art exhibitions, and folkloric performances across Luxor’s various archaeological and historical monuments. (“Egypt celebrates discovery of King Tut’s tomb with discounted ticket prices, festivities across Luxor”, Egypt Independent, November 4, 2020. Voir également Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Réduction de 50 % du ticket d’entrée de la tombe de Toutankhamon à l’occasion de l’anniversaire de sa découverte », al-Shurûq, 3 novembre ; Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie célèbre le 98e anniversaire de la découverte de la tombe de Toutankhamon et distribue des cadeaux aux touristes », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 4 novembre ; “Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister authorizes 50% discount for entry tickets to Tutankhamun’s tomb in Luxor”, Egypt Today, November 4). - - Jeudi 5 novembre 2020 Joint Project for the Preservation and Restoration of Antiquities in the Grand Egyptian Museum, won the Yomiuri International Cooperation Prize, in its 27th edition, due to the effort made by the Egyptian-Japanese team for the work of restoring and preserving artefacts in the museum. It is worth noting that this award is given under the auspices of the Yomiuri Newspaper, one of the leading Japanese newspapers, which has been recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest circulation in the world, about 8 million copies per day. The Yomiuri Award is a widely known award in Japan, and is awarded to Japanese people and groups who investigate notable achievements in international cooperation. (“Antiquities Preservation & Restoration Project at GEM wins Yomiuri Award”, Egypt Today, November 5, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le projet de restauration archéologique du GEM gagne le prix Yomiuri », al-Ahrâm, 4 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le prix Yomiuri décerné au projet de restauration archéologique du GEM », alShurûq, 4 novembre). - - A joint Egyptian-German archaeological mission is resuming the conservation and photographic documentation work on the Temple of Isnâ, on the west bank of the Nile some 55km south of Luxor. The Japanese International Cooperation Agency team (JICA), the Egyptian-Japanese BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The mission’s work began in 2018, but was disrupted due to the coronavirus outbreak, and resumed in September. 155 Novembre 2020 Part of the inscriptions in Isnâ Temple in Luxor Over the centuries, the temple suffered from the accumulation of thick layers of soot, dust and dirt. Bird droppings and wasp nests covered the temple’s Inscriptions and salt crystals affected the colours of the temple and caused some flaking of the reliefs. Hishâm al-Laythî, head of the Documentation Centre, said that "since December 2018, the mission has conducted five conservation and documentation campaigns. The conservation team cleaned mechanically layers of soot, dust and dirt, and the bright colours of the inscriptions can now be appreciated, especially the astronomical decoration of the ceiling of the temple." The temple was reported to have been used as a storage facility for the villagers’ cotton crop during the reign of Muhammad ‘Alî Pasha. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt-German archaeological mission resumes conservation and documentation of Temple of Isnâ”, Ahram Online, November 5, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Une mission égyptoallemande commence le projet de restauration et de documentation du temple d’Isnâ », alAhrâm, 5 novembre ; Mustafa Marie, “Joint Egyptian-German mission launches 6th season to restore Isnâ Temple”, Egypt Today, November 5 ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Lancement de la 6e campagne de restauration et de documentation du temple d’Isnâ à Louqsor », al-Shurûq, 5 novembre ; MENA, « Une équipe égypto-allemande restitue les couleurs d’origine des parois du temple d’Isnâ », Sada al-Balad, 14 novembre). - - Vendredi 6 novembre 2020 The mission expects the current campaign to conclude its task in the early months of 2021. During the 19th and 20th centuries the Temple of Isnâ suffered from urban encroachment, and houses of the villagers were built all around it. The temple was in fact accessed through one of the houses. Egypt’s Secretary General of the supreme council of antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî inspects work at Kibâsh road during his visit to Luxor BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 156 Novembre 2020 and Karnak temple which started November 5 and ended on November 6. on Wazîrî announced that about 70 percent of Kibâsh road was completed. The Pharaonic Kibâsh Road is to become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. The renovation of the Pharaonic Kibâsh Road is considered a monumental moment for Luxor, as the project will bring the great road to life again. Its new design is set to change Luxor’s position on the touristic map, as it will become the longest gangway and open museum in the world. It is expected that the new makeover of Kibâsh Road will attract tourists the world over and play a vital role in pushing the Egyptian tourism forward. Kibâsh Road will be reopened after its renovation. (“Egypt’s Mustafa Wazîrî inspects work at Kibâsh road”, Egypt Today, November 6, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Le secrétaire général du CSA annonce l’achèvement de 70 % des travaux du Dromos », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 6 novembre). - Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî et le gouverneur de Matrûh, major-général Khâlid Shu‘ayb ont inauguré la mosquée Aghrûmî située dans l’oasis de Sîwa. Cette mosquée de 120 m2 a été restaurée grâce à un financement de l’Union européenne. Cette restauration s’inscrit dans le cadre des préservations du patrimoine de l’oasis. (‘Alî al-Shûkî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie et le gouverneur de Matrûh inaugurent la mosquée Aghrûmî », al-Masrî alYawm, 6 novembre 2020. Voir également Muhammad Bakhât, « Le gouverneur de Matrûh et le ministre du Tourisme inaugurent la mosquée Aghrûmî à Sîwa », al-Watan, 6 novembre ; Ahmad Sabbâq, « Le gouverneur de Matrûh et le ministre du Tourisme inaugurent la mosquée Aghrûmî à Sîwa », alShurûq, 6 novembre ; Yâsmîn Shu‘ayb, « Le gouverneur de Matrûh et le ministre du Tourisme inaugurent la mosquée Aghrûmî », al-Dustûr, 6 novembre). - - - Egypt has recovered a part of a sarcophagus from Italy after about two years. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 157 Novembre 2020 The recovered part was looted and illegally smuggled out of Egypt and it will soon be returned back to Egypt. The newly recovered artificial is part of a wooden coffin lid, it is the middle part of the body of a coffin wrapped with a layer of plaster. « L’ambassade d’Égypte en Italie récupère une pièce archéologie volée d’Égypte », alMasrî al-Yawm, 5 novembre ; Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt recovers part of sarcophagus from Italy”, Ahram Online, November 5 ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « L’Égypte récupère une pièce antique volée en Italie », al-Shurûq, 5 novembre). - - Khaled Desouki/AFP It is decorated with four bands, written on them hieroglyphic writing with black ink and it is dating back to the ‘Late Period’. On Thursday, November Ambassador to Italy Hishâm Badr stolen artefact at headquarters cultural property unit of gendarmerie "Carabinieri". 5, Egypt’s received the of the antithe Italian Supervisor General of Antiquities Repatriation Department, Sha‘bân ‘Abd alGawwâd recounted that the stolen part was seized in Italy on 2018, by the relevant security authorities in the Cagliari region. After seizing the artefact all the needed measures were taken between the ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and the international cooperation office at the Egyptian attorney general’s office. Later a request for legal aid was submitted to the Italian authorities. It is worth mentioning that in 2018 Egypt received 195 artefacts and 21,660 coins that were smuggled to Italy. (“Egypt’s Ambassador to Italy receives part of Egyptian sarcophagus”, Egypt Today, November 6, 2020. Voir également Yûsuf al-‘Ûmî, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî said the opening of the 800-year-old Fortress of Shâlî in Sîwa Oasis will contribute to attracting tourists to Sîwa and transforming the oasis into a global tourism hub. al-‘Inânî added that restoration works at the ancient fortress have been carried out over the past two years, with a €600,000 fund from the European Union. The minister made the remarks during the opening of the Fortress of Shâlî, in the presence of Minister of International Cooperation Rânyâ al-Mashât, Minister of Environment Yasmine Fu’âd, and Marsa Matrûh Governor Khâlid Shu‘ayb. The Fortress of Shâlî has been subject to the antiquities law for almost 12 years now, al‘Inânî noted. The Fortress of Shâlî’s restoration project comes as a continuation of works at al-Masgid al-‘Atîq, or the fortress mosque, which was opened in 2015 after being restored, and the Tatandi mosque, inaugurated in 2018 after restoration works there have been completed, the minister said. 158 Novembre 2020 Population Fund in Egypt, in addition to a number of ambassadors and cultural attachés representing Angola, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Thailand and the United States. The Fortress of Shâlî had been built in the 12 century from karshif, the local soil which is made up of salt, fine sand and clay, and is made hard by water and the sun. th Shâlî is the name the inhabitants of Sîwa gave to their town. Meanwhile, Minister of International Cooperation Rânyâ al-Mashât lauded the current cooperation with the European Union to implement several projects, including the Fortress of Shâlî’s restoration project. In historical times, Siwans used to hide from their enemies inside the fortress’s tunnels, and had used the well inside the fortress to drink from. The well is still there today, but it is nearly dry. Minister of Environment Yasmine Fu’âd said the coming stage would witness further work to preserve and upgrade Sîwa Oasis. She added that the opening of the fortress is just the beginning on the way of transforming Sîwa into an internationally renowned tourist destination. Marsa Matrûh Governor Khâlid Shu‘ayb described the day of opening the Fortress of Shâlî as a feast for the oasis residents. As many as 300 Siwans have taken part in this great restoration project, Shu‘ayb said. Khaled Desouki/AFP The opening was attended by the European Union delegation to Egypt, a delegation from the United Nations BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Khaled Desouki/AFP While the sun made the karshif stronger, rain had a negative effect on it. The heavy rain caused a partial destruction of the fortress in 1928 and forced its inhabitants to abandon it. (MENA, “Opening of Shâlî Fortress to help transform Sîwa into global tourism hub: minister”, Egypt Today, November 6, 2020. Voir également Iskandarânî, « Après deux années de restauration, inauguration du village antique de Shâlî », Sada al-Balad, 5 novembre ; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inaugure le fort de Shâlî après sa restauration », al-Ahrâm, 6 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inaugure le fort de Shâlî », al-Shurûq, 6 novembre). - 159 Novembre 2020 Dimanche 8 novembre 2020 Assistant Minister for Archaeological Affairs at the Grand Egyptian Museum al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, said that the Grand Egyptian Museum’s databases include nearly 82,000 artefacts, which are the pieces that have already arrived at the museum, and others that were registered after completing a report on them, prior to be transferred later according to the museum’s schedule chronological. “There are priorities in the transportation process. The pieces that will be displayed are transported first. Some pieces will be stored. There is a group of artefacts that must be transferred to enter the laboratories of the Grand Egyptian Museum, because there is no place that can restore these pieces except the laboratories of the Grand Egyptian Museum” said ‘Abbâs. “We transfer artefacts periodically. What remains in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr are approximately 700 pieces. We have a weekly schedule for delivery and collection to the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. We also receive artefacts from regional museums. There are lots at Mârînâ, Tell Bastâ, Tanis and Luxor stores. All of these artefacts enter the museum in a certain daily time, and accordingly, the groups leave the museum to receive those pieces”, continued ‘Abbâs. ‘Abbâs further indicated that before any piece reaches the Grand Egyptian Museum, groups leave the museum to record and document the pieces within the places where the piece is displayed, whether in museums or archaeological sites. It is allocated through the approvals of the permanent committee, to take the dimensions and lengths and record its condition. “After the registration stage we start the transfer stage into the Grand Egyptian Museum to enter the restoration laboratories if the transported piece needs that, but if it is not in need of restoration and is in good condition, then it enters the museum’s warehouse,” concluded ‘Abbâs. (“The Grand Egyptian Museum records approximately 82,000 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 artefacts in its database”, Egypt Today, November 8, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Plus de 82 000 pièces enregistrées dans la base de données du GEM », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 8 novembre). - - Les participants au XXIIIe congrès international des Archéologues arabes ont mis en garde contre les « dangers imminents » auxquels les antiquités sont exposées en Égypte et dans la région arabe, en particulier dans les zones de catastrophes, de guerres et d’occupation. Ce congrès, qui a duré deux jours, a alerté contre la folle recrudescence des fouilles archéologiques illégales en Égypte depuis 2011. Les participants ont également relevé d’autres dangers menaçant le patrimoine arabe, comme les antiquités libanaises lourdement affectées par l’explosion du port de Beyrouth, la guerre en Syrie ou les inondations au Soudan du Sud. Les activités de ce congrès se sont déroulées sous la présidence du Dr Muhammad al-Kahlâwî, président de l’Union générale des archéologues arabes, et en présence du Dr ‘Amr Salâma, secrétaire 160 Novembre 2020 général de la Fédération des universités arabes et d’un certain nombre d’archéologues en Égypte et dans le monde arabe qui ont suivi à distance la visioconférence, Coronavirus oblige. (…) Dr Salâma a évoqué la relation entre la Fédération des universités arabes et l’Union générale des archéologues arabes, qui a commencé en 1995. Il a appelé à l’inscription de nombreux sites et musées arabes au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Actuellement, seuls 83 sites et 1 000 musées, dont 200 en Égypte, sont inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine. (Muhammad ‘Abd al-Khâliq, « Congrès des Archéologues arabes : Les fouilles illicites font florès en Égypte et menacent le patrimoine », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 8 novembre 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Lancement samedi du 23e congrès des Archéologues arabes », Watanî, 5 novembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Les recommandations du congrès des Archéologues arabes », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 9 novembre ; MENA, « Les Archéologues arabes : création d’un musée dédié au feu Dr ‘Alî Radwân », al-Shurûq, 9 novembre). - - The training of employees in archaeological sites and museums as part of the program of “Tourism Ambassadors” to develop the capabilities of employees of the ministry dealing directly with tourists ended Saturday. This training program came as a part of an initiative from the ministry to continue its training plan, which is being implemented to raise the efficiency of workers in museums, archaeological sites and tourism facilities and develop their capabilities in a way that contributes to improving the quality of services provided to tourists and visitors and also to achieve sustainable development goals. The training program lasted for four days. Trainees were handed certificates accredited by the Institute of Hospitality in London from the United Kingdom. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Suhâ Bahgat, Advisor to the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Training Affairs, indicated that the "Tourism Ambassadors" program was prepared to qualify employees who deal with tourists in all tourist facilities, museums and archaeological sites, pointing out that this program was well received by the trainees. She added that this program aims to qualify workers in the tourism and antiquities sector on the concept of tourism services and raise their tourism awareness. Furthermore, Basma Sâlim, General Supervisor of the Baron Empain Palace, expressed her happiness with the ministry’s interest in developing the performance of workers. She added that the training venue in the palace is well equipped and all hygiene safety and precautionary measures were implemented during the training. It is worth noting that this training program is sponsored by the Bank of Alexandria and the implementation is through Rythm Training Institution accredited by the Institute of Hospitality in the United Kingdom, in cooperation with the Archaeological Sites and Museums Development Unit. (“Training of employees in museums, archaeological sites ended on Nov. 7”, Egypt Today, November 8, 2020. Voir également Amal Gamâl, « Fin du stage organisé par le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie », Watanî, 7 novembre). - - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khaled Khâlid al-‘Inânî attended and delivered a speech on behalf of the Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî, at the screening of the documentary film "The Path of the Holy Family", which was held Saturday at the 161 Novembre 2020 theatre of Anba Ruiz in St. Mark’s Cathedral in ‘Abâsiya, to commemorate the passage of the Holy Family through Egypt. The film was prepared by the Nuns of St. George Convent in Old Cairo. The ceremony was attended by Pope Tawadros II, Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of Saint Mark Episcopate, Minister of Immigration and Egyptians Affairs Abroad Ambassador Nabîla Makram, a number of statesmen, ambassadors of a number of countries, church bishops and priests of all regions covered by the path. Picture illustrating the path of the Holy Family in Egypt - Photo via Egypt’s State Info. Service this path an utmost archaeological and touristic importance. Furthermore, he added that the Supreme Council of Antiquities is restoring archaeological sites located on this path, in addition to developing tourism services there and raising the efficiency of roads leading to them in cooperation with the Ministry of Local development to develop all points of the Holy Family path, upgrade the infrastructure, new roads to smooth the entry of cars and tourist buses, provide all services and signboards and provide hotels in close vicinity, to have a comprehensive development plan for a number of sites in eight governorates. Also, al-‘Inânî said that he visits the locations of the Holy Family’s journey on a regular basis to follow up on the progress of work there, including Virgin Mary’s tree, the Hanging Church, the Church of Abû Sirga in the Religions Complex in Old Cairo, the Church of the Virgin in Ma‘âdî and the Church of the Virgin in Gabal al-Tayr in Minyâ. During his speech, al-‘Inânî conveyed the appreciation of the Prime Minister on this occasion, and expressed his personal happiness with his participation in the celebration, noting that the anniversary of the entry of the Holy Family to Egypt has great historical and religious significance for Egyptians, as it is considered a world religious heritage that is unique solely to Egypt. The minister added that the ministry has formed a national committee that includes experts from all concerned parties to prepare a file to be submitted to the UNESCO to put the route of the Holy Family’s journey on the World Heritage List, and to register the four monasteries of Wâdî al-Natrûn on the List of World Physical Heritage, under the supervision of the Egyptian Church. He said that thanks to it, the Egyptian Coptic Church assumed a special religious position among the Christian churches in the world, due to its connection with this blessed journey to “our beloved Egypt” that lasted more than three and a half years. In addition, he pointed out that the Holy Family’s Path is one of the tourist products that is unique to Egypt and that is promoted internationally. During this time the Holy Family blessed more than 25 spots in different parts of Egypt leaving their blessed traces. The Holy Family travelled from the Sinai coast in the east to the Nile Delta, until it reached the far reaches of Upper Egypt. The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities affirmed the state’s interest in reviving the path of the Holy Family, and the ministry gives BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 He stressed that this film will be promoted to address the whole world as an invitation to all Egyptians and foreign tourists to visit the path of the Holy Family. al-‘Inânî added that this will also play an important role in educating Egyptians on the journey of the Holy Family and that God honoured Egypt and chose it for the Holy Family to seek its land for protection for more than three and a half years. 162 Novembre 2020 During the ceremony, the documentary film "The Path of the Holy Family in Egypt" was screened, as well as the issuance of a book on the same topic, produced by the Nuns of St. George Convent in Old Cairo. The book has been translated into six languages: English, Italian, French, Russian, German and Spanish; and dubbing of the film has been made in the same languages. (“Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Minister, various officials attend screening of "The Path of the Holy Family in Egypt” documentary”, Egypt Today, November 8, 2020). - Arabia, based on the belief of the Egyptian state, represented by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, in the prominent role that museums play in societies and the importance of cooperation among them to achieve its mission, adopting the idea of disseminating and exchanging cultures between brotherly Arab countries, especially the revival of the glory of Islamic civilization by unveiling the most important archaeological treasures through the window of exhibitions. - Mardi 10 novembre 2020 Centre du roi Abdelaziz pour la connaissance et la culture - Ithra Centre du roi Abdelaziz pour la connaissance et la culture - Ithra Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities issued a press release on November 10 about the signing of an agreement between the Supreme Council of Antiquities and Saudi Aramco, regarding the holding of an archaeological exhibition entitled “Shatr elMasjid” (Bisector of the Mosque). For his part, Nabîl al-Naim, vice president of Saudi Aramco affairs, thanked the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities for this fruitful cooperation that brings the two countries together, which have always been linked throughout their long history with historical, economic, political and cultural ties. The statement stated: “The Supreme Council of Antiquities and Saudi Aramco signed a cultural cooperation agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regarding the holding of an archaeological exhibition entitled "Shatr el-Masjid", at the Ithra Museum in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, from the end of this month (November), for a period of 24 months. He pointed out that the exhibition deals with the establishment and history of the mosque, through a display of about 130 artefacts from different parts of the Islamic world, and to shed light on the masterpieces of Islamic art that were associated with the mosques, which in turn reflects the progress and prosperity of the Islamic civilization and Islamic arts. During the signing ceremony of the agreement, Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî expressed his happiness with this cooperation, which sheds light on the cultural and historical ties of the two countries, Egypt and Saudi Furthermore, Wazîrî explained — according to what was stated in the statement — that the conclusion of this agreement came after the approval of the Board of Directors of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, after BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 163 Novembre 2020 discussion with the Foreign Exhibitions Committee, which approved the list of artefacts to be displayed, which includes 84 artefacts from the holdings of the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Supreme Council of Culture signs cultural cooperation agreement with Saudi Aramco”, Egypt Today, November 10, 2020. Voir également Suzanne ‘Âtif, « Le CSA et Ithra signent un protocole de coopération dans le domaine des mosquées », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 9 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Signature d’un protocole de coopération avec l’Arabie saoudite », al-Shurûq, 10 novembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « L’Égypte prête à l’Arabie saoudite 84 pièces archéologiques durant deux ans », Watanî, 11 novembre). - museum’s display and the developments in the process of operating services in the Grand Egyptian Museum. (“Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister follows up on latest developments in Egypt’s Grand Museum”, Egypt Today, November 11, 2020). - - - Mercredi 11 novembre 2020 On November 10, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî convened with General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, Assistant to the Minister for Archaeological Affairs at the Grand Egyptian Museum al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs and some of the museum’s management, to follow up on the progress of work in the museum in preparation for its opening in 2021. Le musée des Manuscrits et le Musée archéologique de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina organisent un atelier intitulé « Méthodes scientifiques modernes pour la conservation, l’exposition et le stockage des bois archéologiques ». Cet atelier de trois jours qui se terminera demain, jeudi 12 novembre, se tient dans le hall E du Centre de conférences de la Bibalex. L’atelier est dirigé par Dr. Sa‘îd ‘Abd al-Hamîd Hasan, expert en restauration du bois et directeur général au ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie. The meeting discussed the latest updates in the museum and the first stage of the preset plan for transporting heavy artefacts which was completed. It also discussed the installation of 107 showcases for the treasures of the Golden King Tutankhamun. Also, the museum’s catalogue was reviewed during the meeting. The scientific material of the catalogue was given by the archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs, the former Minister of Antiquities, in preparation for its publication in the coming period. The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities also discussed the latest updates in the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 L’atelier présente les meilleures méthodes et matériaux scientifiques modernes dans le traitement et l’entretien des bois archéologiques en général, et des bois colorés et dorés en particulier, en se basant sur certaines couvertures de manuscrits en bois et de nombreuses pièces en bois telles que : des icônes, des objets de collection, ainsi que diverses peintures. (Mustafa Tâhir, « La Bibalex organise un atelier intitulé Méthodes 164 Novembre 2020 scientifiques modernes pour la conservation, l’exposition et le stockage des bois archéologiques », al-Ahrâm, 11 novembre 2020. Voir également Nâsir al-Sharqâwî, « Clôture de l’atelier sur les Méthodes scientifiques modernes pour la conservation des bois archéologiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 11 novembre ; Muhammad ‘Alî, « La Bibalex organise un atelier sur les Méthodes scientifiques modernes pour la conservation des bois archéologiques », Vetogate, 11 novembre ; Hiba ‘Uwayda, « La Bibalex organise un atelier sur les Méthodes scientifiques modernes pour la conservation des bois archéologiques », al-Dustûr, 11 novembre). - - The Pyramids will receive contemporary artists from all over the world to display their work. The event will include a cultural awareness programme to provide the opportunity for youth to participate as art and heritage guides within the exhibition’s duration. The programme will also include free public lectures, and a theatre where cultural activities will be displayed. Nadine Abdel Ghaffar, the founder of Art D’Égypte, said, “The exhibitions organised by Art D’Égypte aim to connect ancient and modern Egyptian arts, and next year’s event will show the global influence of Ancient Egypt and the continuity of this influence through contemporary arts, which have inspired and stimulated the imagination of artists throughout history.” The Art D’Égypte Foundation has announced that its fourth exhibition, entitled “Forever is Now”, will be launched on 23 October 2021 at the Great Pyramids of Gîza. The exhibition will be held under the auspices of the Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism and the patronage of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). She added that the foundation’s mission vision aligns with convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression. She also said that this exhibition will be the first of its kind, as it represents a mixture of ancient heritage and contemporary art at one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The Art D’Égypte Foundation, which specialises in organising art and cultural exhibitions, will invite international and local artists to participate in the exhibition. The “Forever Is Now” exhibition is the first of its kind in the 4,500-year history of the Gîza Pyramids plateau. The exhibition represents a merging of ancient heritage and contemporary art at the oldest and last remaining of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which today survives as a UNESCO world heritage site. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 “I have always felt awe facing the ancient civilisation and its impact on many generations in science, arts, mathematics, social justice, cultural development and innovation fields,” Abdel Ghaffar said. 165 Novembre 2020 She said that “the Ancient Egyptian civilisation was able to construct monuments that we, as humans, cannot even understand or can build them.” Stimulated by these wonders, the exhibition will present to the world the treasures and masterpieces of the Ancient Egyptian civilisation in the context of contemporary reality. “Egyptian culture is a gift to humanity, and the purpose of this exhibition is to showcase these treasures in a dialogue with the contemporary on an international scale, to the rest of the world,” Abdel Ghaffar said, “Ancient Egypt has influenced artists from around the world, and so we bring the world to Egypt and Egypt to the world through art.” She indicated that the exhibition will commemorate the Egyptian sculptor Adam Henein, who passed away last May at the age of 91. He is considered one of the most prominent contemporary sculptors in the Arab world. He has collections at the Ministry of Education’s Museum, the Ministry of Culture, and the Museum of Modern Art in Cairo. The International Sculpture Garden in the US city of Dallas, Texas, as well as exhibits closer to home in the Art Village of Harâniyya, Gîza, and the al-Ahram Foundation building in Cairo, also host Henein’s work. to provide archaeological guidance on the merging ancient monuments and contemporary artists. The “Forever Is Now” exhibition is the fourth such event in the series of exhibitions by Art D’Égypte Foundation. The foundation is a pioneering platform that has changed the way the world views contemporary art in Egypt, through merging and rapprochement between old and new art. Promoting Egyptian art internationally, the annual exhibitions are held to present contemporary Egyptian art in heritage sites that link the ancient and present Egypt. The upcoming event will feature international artists, offering a cross-cultural vision and showcasing Ancient Egypt as an enduring source of inspiration for contemporary artists throughout history. Art D’Égypte continues to take bold approaches in bringing together fashion, art, and ancient Egypt history. Abdel Ghaffar has even brought art onto the street, bringing it to the 1,500-year-old al-Mu‘izz Street in the heart of Islamic Cairo. “For a year, we engaged with women artists, and we did it on our own with no support from anyone,” she said, “It’s amazing how in three years this has grown organically.” (…) The “Forever is Now” exhibition will see the participation of a number of leading experts and international institutions with extensive experience and knowledge in Egyptology, as well as the archaeological history of the Gîza Pyramids. Renowned Egyptian archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs will also participate in the exhibition BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 She did not stop there too — another project she headed on al-Mu‘izz Street is the reason behind UNESCO’s patronage of her exhibitions. Abdel Ghaffar put art into one of the mosques on al-Mu‘izz Street, in a project that turned into community engagement of Egyptian heritage. (“4th Art D’Égypte exhibition coming to Gîza Pyramids in October 2021”, Daily News Egypt, November 11, 2020). 166 Novembre 2020 - - Jeudi 12 novembre 2020 The Ministries of Tourism and Antiquities, Communications and Information Technology signed an agreement to develop the technological infrastructure of Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on November 11. Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Minister of Communications and Information Technology ‘Amr Tal‘at attended the signature a cooperation agreement between the two ministries to develop the technological infrastructure of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. The agreement was signed by Deputy Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Tourism Affairs Ghâda Shalabî and Deputy Minister of Communications and Information Technology for Infrastructure Affairs Ra’fat Hindî. The duration of this protocol agreement is three years. It aims at achieving digital transformation to develop and improve tourism services. It also aims at highlighting opportunities to enhance financial resources as one of the most important factors of economic growth. Moreover, the agreement also aims at documenting and digitalizing information about Egyptian antiquities, in addition to raising archaeological awareness and introducing the services provided by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, and its activities to the local and international communities, and contribute to the resumption of tourism to Egypt in the coming period and increase inbound tourism. al-‘Inânî said that the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology had always provided technical support to the Ministry of Antiquities and is continuing its support now after the merge of the ministries of Tourism and Antiquities, as this is the third protocol to be signed with the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology in the fields of tourism and antiquities. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 He added that the "benefits from the protocol signed today is two folds; it highlights tourism services, and helps promote the Egyptian tourism product in addition to providing new digital tourism services to improve the tourist’s experience in Egypt; and at the same time it provides a very important service which is documenting Egyptian artefacts." Also, al-‘Inânî said that during the COVID19 pandemic, the ministry posted virtual visits of archaeological sites on its social media platforms. An initiative that proved to be very successful, and was praised by international and local media. This prompted the ministry to focus more efforts on digitalization, which will be achieved with the support of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. He added that this protocol is part of the strategy of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to achieve the goals of sustainable development and build an accurate information system about Egypt’s various tourism and cultural products. It also helps build a diversified economy that depends greatly on the availability of services; the most important of which are tourism and antiquities services. He described the protocol as the start of a more powerful cooperation with the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, pointing out that the beneficiaries are tourists and citizens; in addition to preserving antiquities for future generations. The Minister of Communications and Information Technology Amr Tal‘at, explained that this protocol is a continuation of the ongoing cooperation between the two ministries in a number of projects to use ICT services in promoting Egyptian tourism at the global level, in addition to introducing the unique archaeological treasures of Egypt to the world. He added that this protocol is part of the ministry’s efforts to achieve cooperation with 167 Novembre 2020 all ministries in order to build a virtual Egypt that provides digital services in line with global technological development. A collection of 28 gold dinars as well as five small coins were discovered in Fayyûm by Egyptian-Russian archaeological mission. Furthermore, Tal‘at added that this cooperation will utilize modern technologies to document and display information on Egypt’s cultural heritage, in addition to showcasing touristic services provided; and making all this accessible to Egyptians and the world. The mission succeeded in unearthing the gold dinars while working at the archaeological site of Dayr al-Banât in Fayyûm. That is in addition to using information technology to maximize communication between tourists and touristic attractions in Egypt, through the development of portals and mobile applications. 16 gold dinars are dating back to the era of the Caliph al-Muqtadir Billâh (295-317 AH / 908-932 AD) in addition to five parts of gold dinars also from the era of Caliph al-Muqtadir, while 10 dinars dating back to the era of Caliph al-Râdî Billâh (322-329 AH / 934-940 CE) and two dinars belong to the era of Caliph al-Mu’tasim Billâh (218-227 AH / 833-842 AD). Tal‘at indicated that the protocol includes the implementation of a project to document, display and make antiquities available through virtual tours of museums and archaeological sites in Egypt using AR techniques, which represents an element that attracts tourists to come to Egypt. The scope of the protocol includes developing applications, portals and mobile applications, in addition to creating new websites for the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and developing its portals. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s Ministries of Tourism & Antiquities, Communication & Information Technology signs cooperation agreement”, Egypt Today, November 12, 2020). - - The newly uncovered gold dinars were covered by a linen roll tied to a clay seal. The clay seal house unclear symbols. Usâma Tal‘at, Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities sector at the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that this discovery is the most important in the area; especially that it is the first season of the EgyptianRussian mission in the northern part of Dayr alBanât archaeological area. Vendredi 13 novembre 2020 Tal‘at added that a group of mummies dating back to the Greco-Roman era, were previously discovered in the same area the matter that indicates that this area was used during multiple ancient eras such as the Greek, Roman, Coptic and the Islamic period. The newly uncovered gold dinars BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 It is worth mentioning that the Russian mission has been performing excavation work at Dayr al-Banât archaeological area since 2003. 168 Novembre 2020 During this period the mission managed to uncover several coffins and mummies. (Angy Essam, “Egypt uncovers 28 gold dinars dating back to Abbasid era in Fayyûm”, Egypt Today, November 13, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar alMahdî, « Découverte au Fayyûm de 28 dinars en or datant de l’époque abbasside », alAhrâm, 13 novembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Mise au jour au Fayyûm de 28 dinars en or datant de l’époque abbasside », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 13 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Découverte au Fayyûm de 28 dinars en or datant de l’époque abbasside », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 13 novembre ; Amal Gamâl, « Mise au jour de 28 dinars en or datant de l’époque abbasside au Fayyûm », Watanî, 13 novembre). - Photo: AP Bâsim Gihâd, who conducted the scan, said the deceased was perfectly mummified with his arms crossed on his chest, in a position known in ancient Egypt as the Osiris shape. - Samedi 14 novembre 2020 Photo: REUTERS “It is a great discovery in 2020, but it is not the last one,” said Khâlid al-‘Inânî, the minister of Tourism and Antiquities. A wooden sarcophagus shown in the Egyptian ministry of antiquities and tourism’s presser on the unearthing of an ancient Egyptian trove of sarcophagi in Saqqâra (AP) A collection of 100 intact 26th Dynasty coffins were unearthed in Egypt’s Saqqâra Necropolis, in addition to golden funerary masks and a collection of 40 wooden statues of Saqqâra goddess Ptah Soker, some of which are gilded. "We have discovered only one per cent of the antiquities buried in the Saqqâra Necropolis," he added, pointing out that many other discoveries will follow. Excavations conducted by the Egyptian archaeological mission working in the Saqqâra Necropolis resulted in the discovery of three 12- metre deep shafts, closed for more than 2,500 years, containing 100 intact, sealed and painted anthropoid coffins. During the announcement, a CT-scan was conducted on a mummy in one of the coffins. It was revealed that the deceased died in his 40s, was 175 cm tall, healthy, and did not suffer any fatal diseases. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 169 Novembre 2020 al-‘Inânî stated a discovery made by renowned Egyptologist Zâhî Hawwâs will be announced soon in Saqqâra. He explained the coffins will be distributed among the Cairo Museum in Tahrîr, the Grand Egyptian Museum, and the National Museum of Egyptian civilization. Photo: REUTERS The Egyptian archaeological mission made throughout the past years a number of important discoveries in Saqqâra, the last of which was in October when the mission unearthed 59 painted coffins with mummies in a good condition of top officials and priests from the 26th Dynasty. film. (Nevine El-Aref, “Egypt announces the biggest archaeological discovery in 2020 at Saqqâra Necropolis”, Ahram Online, November 14, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Découverte de Saqqâra : plus de 100 sarcophages, statues et masques dorés », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 9 novembre ; “Over 100 more ancient Egyptian coffins discovered in Saqqâra area : Minister”, Egypt Independent, November 14; Angy Essam, “Egypt announces huge discovery of 100 human sealed coffins, 40 impressive statues”, Egypt Today, November 14; ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Wazîrî : la nouvelle découverte archéologique est la plus importante en 2020 », al-Ahrâm, 14 novembre ; Nihal Samir, “Egypt discovers scores of ancient coffins, funerary statues in Saqqâra”, Daily News Egypt, November 14; “Ten things you should know about the latest Saqqâra necropolis discoveries in Egypt”, Ahram Online, November 15). - - A short film released by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to coincide with the discovery described the Saqqâra Necropolis as a “sacred place where the rich and powerful wanted to be buried." The video showed many statues of animals, figurines, as well as intact and sealed coffins. “That is what we were expecting; the coffins were well-sealed, no chemical reaction, no air inside, nothing, that is why it is all in perfect condition of preservation,” the secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Mustafa Wazîrî, explained in the BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie a ordonné le transfert du carrosse royal datant de l’époque de Muhammad ‘Alî et abandonné depuis huit ans dans la cour du fort ottoman situé à al-Qusayr en mer Rouge. À l’issue de sa restauration, ce carrosse sera exposé au Musée des Carrosses royaux au Caire. 170 Novembre 2020 That is in addition to benefiting from the experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the field of Islamic antiquities and museums, discussing the preparation of a memorandum of understanding to boost tourism between the two countries. Rappelons que ce carrosse avait été saisi lors d’une tentative d’exportation illicite vers l’étranger. Le Parquet général avait alors ordonné sa consignation au fort al-Qusayr dans le cadre du procès n° 1949/2008. Ce carrosse remonte à l’époque du khédive ‘Abbâs Hilmî II, plus précisément à 1892. (Muhammad al-Sayyid, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie transfère le carrosse royal d’alQusayr vers Le Caire en vue de sa restauration », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 14 novembre 2020). - The ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Cairo congratulated al-‘Inânî on the new archaeological discovery in the Saqqâra Necropolis which was announced Saturday, stressing that Egypt always dazzles the world with its great civilization. (“Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Minister convenes with Bosnian Ambassador in Cairo on Nov. 15”, Egypt Today, November 15, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « al-‘Inânî examine avec l’ambassadeur de Bosnie-Herzégovine le renforcement de la coopération touristique et archéologique », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 15 novembre). - - - Dimanche 15 novembre 2020 al-‘Inânî during the inspecting tour in the NMEC - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, received, in his office on November 15 Siddiq Sepahic, the Ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Cairo, to discuss cooperation between the two countries in the field of tourism and archaeology during the coming period. During the meeting, many aspects of bilateral cooperation were discussed to exchange experiences in the field of restoration and museums. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, in Old Cairo. The museum is located on an area of 135 thousand square meters. al-‘Inânî visited the museum in order to follow up on the progress of work there in preparation for receiving the Royal Mummies Parade from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr. 171 Novembre 2020 Museums Display Scenario ‘Alî ‘Umar and members of the committee. During the visit, al-‘Inânî instructed the staff to make some adjustments in the way some artefacts are displayed and rearranged them according to the museum’s display scenario, in addition to adding some pieces to enrich the museum’s display. al-‘Inânî also reviewed the work that is currently in full swing to equip the central exhibition gallery and the mummies gallery in preparation for their opening. At the end of the visit, al-‘Inânî held two meetings with the members of the museum’s display scenario committee, during which he discussed the display scenario of the artefacts in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, the Administrative Capital Museum in the City of Culture and Arts in the New Administrative Capital, and the Grand Egyptian Museum. He checked the museum’s multimedia display, which is an integral part of the museum’s display scenario. It relies on the dazzling display of content that paves the way for visitors to enter the museum’s most important gallery: The gallery of the Royal Mummies. al-‘Inânî during the inspecting tour in the NMEC - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Furthermore, al-‘Inânî was accompanied by Director of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization Ahmad Ghunaym, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân, Adviser to the Minister for BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The project of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization will play a big role in introducing visitors to the various aspects of Egyptian civilization throughout history, with its manifestations of the richness and diversity of the Egyptian civilization from prehistoric times to the modern era, through its unique collections. (“Egypt’s Tourism & Antiquities Minister embarks on an inspecting tour to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization”, Egypt Today, November 15, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le NMEC est beaucoup plus qu’un simple musée », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 4 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Tournée d’inspection d’al-‘Inânî au NMEC », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 15 novembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « al-‘Inânî inspecte l’avancement 172 Novembre 2020 des travaux au NMEC », al-Shurûq, 15 novembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC », Watanî, 15 novembre). - - "Teach your children, and mine, about what ancient Shâlî means," sang a choir of young girls in brightly coloured robes at the renovated fortress’ inauguration ceremony last week. Dotted by thick palm groves, freshwater springs and salt lakes, the Sîwa oasis’s geographic and cultural isolation offers a rare eco-friendly getaway, far from Egypt’s bustling urban communities. View of the recently restored fortress of Shâlî and its surroundings. Khaled Desouki/AFP Tucked away in Egypt’s Western Desert, the Shâlî fortress once protected inhabitants against the incursions of wandering tribes, but now there are hopes its renovation will attract ecotourists. The 13th-century edifice, called "Shâlî" or "home" in the local Siwi language, was built by Berber populations atop a hill in the pristine Sîwa oasis, some 600 kilometres southwest of Cairo. The towering structure is made of kershef — a mixture of clay, salt and rock which acts as a natural insulator in an area where the summer heat can be scorching. After it was worn away by erosion, and then torrential rains almost 100 years ago, the European Union and Egyptian company Environmental Quality International (EQI) began to restore the fortress in 2018, at a cost of over $600,000. Egyptian school children dressed in traditional outfits, gather during a celebration to mark the inauguration of the fortress of Shâlî following its restoration, on November 6, 2020. AFP BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The region’s tourism model contrasts with Egypt’s mass approach in other areas, such as its Red Sea resorts in the east or along the Nile valley, especially in Luxor and Aswân in the south. Tourists began gravitating to Sîwa from the 1980s, after the government built roads linking it with the north-western city of Marsa Matrûh, the provincial capital on the Mediterranean. The Marsa Matrûh governor has called the oasis, registered as a natural reserve since 2002, a "therapeutic and environmental tourism destination". Eco-lodges offer lush vegetable gardens and kershef facades. Restoration works at the Shâlî fortress were carried out under the aegis of the Egyptian government, which has been pushing to make Sîwa a global "ecotourism destination". The project also includes setting up a traditional market and a museum on local architecture. "The project will certainly benefit us and bring tourists. Today, I can offer my palm frond products inside Shâlî," said Adam Aboulkassem, who sells handicrafts in the fortress. Egyptian labourers work on the restoration of the fortress of Shâlî, on November 5, 2020. Khaled Desouki/AFP 173 Novembre 2020 EQI project manager Ines al-Moudariss said the materials used in the restoration work were sourced from the fortress site itself. She said the project was about "bringing the inhabitants of Sîwa back to their origins and offering them employment opportunities" and services. Events in the past decade outside the desert oasis have had a ripple effect in Sîwa, and tourism slumped after political unrest that rocked Egypt and other countries in the Middle East in 2011. Foreign tourist arrivals at the oasis have plummeted from around 20,000 in 2010 to just 3,000, said Mahdi al-Howeiti, director of the local tourism office. Domestic tourism has only partially made up for the sharp decline, he added. This year, the coronavirus pandemic put a brake on travel worldwide and dealt a further blow to arrivals. was a "cultural asset" and its renovation was "essential". But he also acknowledged that "we need to work on the infrastructure of the region, the airport and especially the roads". The closest airport to Sîwa, located just 50 kilometres from the border with war-torn Libya, is restricted to the military. But some locals remain sceptical. "The fortress was not in danger of collapsing," said Howeiti. "In my opinion, it would have been better to leave it as it is. These ruins have a history." (AFP, “Egypt’s Sîwa fortress renovation boosts hopes for ecotourism”, Ahram Online, November 15, 2020). - - Mercredi 18 novembre 2020 And though the project is seen by some as a way to bring back visitors, critics say it fails to address the concerns of the 30,000-strong Siwi population, a Berber ethnic group. "No Siwi goes to Shâlî. We are attached to it, but from afar, like a landscape," said Howeiti. He said there were more pressing issues for residents, such as fixing crumbled and unsafe roads or treating agricultural wastewater that harms the cultivation of olives and date palms — key pillars of the local economy. Egyptian school children dressed in traditional outfits, gather during a celebration to mark the inauguration of the fortress of Shâlî following its restoration, on November 6, 2020. AFP Tourism and Antiquities Minister Khâlid al‘Inânî said at the inauguration that the fortress BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities celebrated the 118th anniversary of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, on Tuesday evening. Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, and ambassadors from the United States, Saudi Arabia, and China, as well as representative of the Indian Embassy were present in the event. The celebration included the opening of two new antiquities exhibitions: one is temporary for recovered artefacts, and the other is permanent, named “Cachets: hidden treasures”. During the event, Saudi Arabia, China, and India received antique coins belonging to these countries, which were seized at Egyptian ports. 174 Novembre 2020 In the temporary exhibition, held in Hall 52, a total 50 coloured sarcophagi were displayed, including two from the latest archaeological discovery in Saqqâra, and 48 coffins from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, of which 15 coffins are displayed for the first time. Egypt Today, November 18; Muhammad As‘ad, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie fête le 118e anniversaire du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 18 novembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie fête le 118e anniversaire du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr », Watanî, 18 novembre). - The Minister hailed those in charge of recovering artefacts for their efforts, as they prevented the smuggling of 100 antique currencies from Saudi Arabia, China, and India. In his speech during the ceremony, al-‘Inânî said that the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr is one of the most important museums in the world and the largest in terms of the size of Egyptian antiquities. He noted that the museum will witness intense competition in the coming period, after opening the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât and the Grand Egyptian Museum in 2021. (“Egypt celebrates 118th anniversary of Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr”, Daily News Egypt, November 18, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie célèbre le 118e anniversaire du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr », al-Ahrâm, 18 novembre ; “Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, 118 years as a beacon of Egyptology & Egyptian antiquities”, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - L’Égypte a restitué 31 pièces de monnaies chinoises antiques à l’ambassadeur de Chine au Caire, Liao Liqiang. Dans un communiqué posté sur sa page Facebook, l’ambassade de Chine au Caire a adressé ses remerciements à l’Égypte pour la protection et la restitution de ces reliques culturelles sorties en contrebande. Il s’agit là d’un bel exemple de la coopération sino-égyptienne en matière de préservation et du retour des biens culturels faisant l’objet d’un trafic illégal entre les deux pays. (MENA, « L’Égypte remet à l’ambassadeur de Chine au Caire 31 pièces de monnaies chinoises volées », Sada al-Balad, 18 novembre 2020. Voir également MENA, « L’Égypte restitue à l’ambassadeur de Chine au Caire 31 pièces de monnaies antiques », alDustûr, 18 novembre ; Huda al-Masrî, « L’ambassade de Chine remercie l’Égypte », Ruz al-Yûsuf, 18 novembre). - 175 Novembre 2020 Jeudi 19 novembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî met with directors of international archaeological institutes in Cairo, at the Grand Egyptian Museum. The meeting discussed ways of cooperation in the field of scientific and archaeological work in general and for the Grand Egyptian Museum in particular. The meeting was attended by Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area ‘Âtif Muftâh, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, Assistant Minister for Archaeological Affairs of the Grand Egyptian Museum al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs and Head of the Egyptian Antiquities Registration Center at the Ministry Hishâm al-Laythî. The meeting included the directors of the German, Dutch, French, Polish, Swiss and Italian institutes, in addition to the director of the American Research Center. Prior to the meeting, al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs accompanied the directors of the institutes on a visit to the museum and its galleries, where they saw the latest progress of work and the preparations for its opening in 2021. al-Laythî said that the meeting discussed current and future ways of cooperation and to develop relations between the ministry and those institutes, in a way that benefits and preserves Egyptian antiquities. He added that the ministry is always keen to communicate with all scientific institutions, to promote archaeological work in Egypt. Also, he said that it was agreed to organize a number of training courses for archaeologists and conservators working in the ministry to improve their scientific and professional knowledge and exchange experiences with various countries, in addition to strengthening cooperation for writing and reviewing the labels of the artefacts displayed at the Grand Egyptian Museum. (“Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Minister convenes with directors of archaeological institutes in BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Cairo”, Egypt Today, November 19, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie rencontre les directeurs des instituts archéologiques étrangers au Caire », al-Ahrâm, 18 novembre). - - Une mission conjointe entre la zone archéologique d’Aswân et de Nubie et la municipalité d’Aswân a commencé ses fouilles dans la zone de Shîha au Nord-Ouest d’Aswân. Les travaux consistent à poursuivre les anciennes fouilles qui avaient dégagé les vestiges d’une église copte datant du IIe siècle, des cellules de moines, ainsi que des vestiges d’un temple d’époque grecque. Le directeur des antiquités d’Aswân, ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd, a salué la coopération établie entre les ministères de l’Archéologie et de l’Habitat en vue de préserver le patrimoine. (Mahmûd Mullâ, « Une mission archéologique poursuit les fouilles de Shîha à l’ouest d’Aswân », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 19 novembre 2020. Voir également ‘Abdallah Salâh, « Une mission archéologique poursuit les fouilles de Shîha à l’ouest d’Aswân », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 novembre ; Muhammad Bakrî, « Une mission archéologique poursuit les fouilles de Shîha à l’ouest d’Aswân », al-Ahrâm, 19 novembre ; Hamâda Ba‘zaq, « Une mission archéologique poursuit les fouilles de Shîha à l’ouest d’Aswân », al-Shurûq, 19 novembre ; Muhammad ‘Awad, « Une mission archéologique poursuit les fouilles de Shîha à l’ouest d’Aswân », Watanî, 19 novembre). - - In coordination between the Supreme Council of Antiquities, the Minyâ Antiquities Zone, and the Tourism and Antiquities Police, a citizen was caught secretly digging inside his house for antiquities. His house is located inside the residential block of al-Bahnasâ in Minyâ Governorate, which is under the authority of the Islamic Antiquities Sector. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said that as soon as the Supreme Council of Antiquities was 176 Novembre 2020 informed by the authorities, a committee of specialized archaeologists from Egyptian and Islamic antiquities was formed to inspect the findings. The committee was headed by the Director of al-Bahnasâ Antiquities. Head of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Sector at the Supreme Council of Antiquities Usâma Tal‘at indicated that after inspection, a hole in the floor of the basement of the house measuring 70 cm x 70 cm was found. This hole led to a room 4 meters deep, where a block was discovered which is likely from the foundations of a temple dating back to the late period. Tal‘at said that a report on the incident was filed, and all necessary legal actions are being taken by the committee. (“Citizen arrested for illegally excavating under his home”, Egypt Today, November 19, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Arrestation d’un individu pour fouilles illicites sous sa maison à Minyâ », Sada al-Balad, 18 novembre). - - The relief is engraved with a scene depicting a man named Padi-Sena beside the two deities Horus and Hathor. The department succeeded to submit to the concerned authority in New York all legal documents that prove Egypt’s ownership of the relief, as well as evidence export documents were forged. The relief was then handed over to the Egyptian consulate. (Nevine El-Aref, “A Late Period relief recovered from New York”, Ahram Online, November 19, 2020. Voir également Yûsuf al-‘Ûmî, « Le consul général égyptien à New York signe un protocole en vue de la restitution d’une pièce pharaonique », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 10 novembre ; “Egyptian Consul General in New York signs protocol to retrieve smuggled Egyptian palette”, Egypt Today, November 19 ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « L’Égypte récupère de New York une stèle archéologique », Sada al-Balad, 19 novembre ; Amal Gamâl, « Récupération d’une stèle archéologique volée à New York », Watanî, 19 novembre). - - Vendredi 20 novembre 2020 The Egyptian consulate in New York received a Limestone relief from the Late Period (712-323 BC) that was stolen and smuggled out of Egypt in 2019. Sha’bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd, the Supervisor General of Antiquities Restitution Department, said that the relief was stolen from an illegal excavation then smuggled out of the country. It was then put on show at an auction hall in New York and then tracked by the Antiquities Repatriation Department at the Ministry of Antiquities through the internet. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, Dr Khâlid al-‘Inânî ; le ministre des Waqfs, Dr Mukhtâr Gum‘a ; et le gouverneur du Caire, major-général Khâlid ‘Abd al-‘Âl ont inauguré aujourd’hui la mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î à l’issue de son projet de restauration. 177 Novembre 2020 De son côté, le président du secteur des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives, Dr Usâma Tal‘at, a expliqué que les travaux de fouilles menés sur place ont révélé l’existence d’un bâtiment d’époque fatimide, antérieur donc à la coupole qui date du règne du roi alKâmil al-Ayyûbî (608 H.). Ils ont également inspecté les travaux de restauration de la coupole du mausolée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î dont les travaux avaient commencé en mars 2017, sous la supervision du ministère de l’Archéologie et grâce au financement de l’Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP). al-‘Inânî a souligné que le projet gigantesque de restauration de la mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î a été mis en place par The Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman & Co. pour un coût global de près de 13 millions de livres égyptiennes. al-‘Inânî s’est félicité des résultats de la coopération établie avec le ministère des Waqfs. Rappelons que la mosquée de l’imâm alShâfi‘î remonte au règne du khédive Muhammad ‘Alî Tawfîq (1892). (‘Umar alMahdî, « Inauguration de la mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi’î après sa restauration », alAhrâm, 20 novembre 2020. Voir également “Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, Minister of Awqâf inaugurate Imâm al-Shâfi‘î Mosque”, Egypt Today, November 20 ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Mise au jour d’un bâtiment antérieur à la coupole de l’imâm al-Shâfi’î », alMasrî al-Yawm, 20 novembre ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Inauguration de la mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi’î après sa restauration », Sada al-Balad, 20 novembre ; Amal Gamâl, « al‘Inânî inaugure la mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi’î après sa restauration », Watanî, 20 novembre). - - Dimanche 22 novembre 2020 L’adjoint au ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires architecturales, général de brigade Hishâm Samîr, a annoncé que 65 % des travaux de restauration de la coupole du mausolée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î sont terminés. Cette deuxième phase du projet s’achèvera dans le second semestre 2021 et englobera l’installation d’un nouveau système d’éclairage, ainsi que les restaurations intérieures et extérieures de la coupole. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Dr. Khâlid al-‘Inânî revealed that the winning consortium responsible for operational services at the Grand Egyptian Museum will be announced during the month of December. The minister went on to state that GEM will open in 2021 with a global celebration at a scale equal to the size and importance of unique cultural and archaeological complex. 178 Novembre 2020 al-‘Inânî stressed that the museum is the focus of attention from the government during this crucial final phase leading to its completion. All concerned governmental agencies have provided a great deal of support and assistance in order to complete this huge project to the highest national and international standards. Archaeologist Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, director general of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, said that there is a remarkable turnout of visitors, to see the new museum display scenario, which took place in the hall where the royal mummies were placed, in preparation for their transfer to the National Museum of Civilization in Fustât. At a meeting held at GEM, the minister met with a number of committees in order to discuss the latest updates. Attending the meeting was the Committee of Specialised Experts, the Evaluation Committees, and the Technical Advisory Offices. These agencies reviewed the documents prepared by the various consortiums in the operations bidding for GEM. The meeting was attended by Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, General Supervisor of the GEM Project, Dr. al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs, Assistant Minister for Archaeological Affairs at GEM and Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. (“Egypt’s Grand Egyptian Museum Operation Consortium to be Announced in December”, Egypt Today, November 22, 2020). - - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities ‘Abd al-Râziq stated that the new hall is where a large number of ancient sarcophagi were displayed, which reached 50. She also stated that there are 15 coffins displayed for the first time, and that the hall is visited within the entrance ticket and does not require a separate ticket or any additional charges. Lundi 23 novembre 2020 Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 At the present time, in the Mummies Hall, fifty coloured coffins are displayed, including 179 Novembre 2020 two from the Saqqâra discovery, and 48 coffins from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, of which 15 are displayed for the first time and others were on display in the museum’s third floor and in the basement. This statue is one of the largest statues of King Merenptah that were ever found, with a height of about 2.60 meters, a width of one meter, a depth of 0.75 meters, and a weight of more than four tons. The statue is carved from the pink granite stone that was cut from the Aswân quarries. King Merenptah is depicted holding the hand of the deity Hathor, who is standing to his left, wearing the double crown. Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities These coffins have received a grant project that began in 2016, to include the documentation, photographing and restoration of 626 coffins. (“The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr displays 15 sarcophagi for the 1st time”, Egypt Today, November 23, 2020. Voir également Mustafa Marie, “Sarcophagi exhibited for the 1st time in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir”, Egypt Today, November 19 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « 50 sarcophages antiques exposées au musée de Tahrîr », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 23 novembre). - The statue is decorated with hieroglyphic inscriptions on all four sides of the titles of the king and the deity Hathor. (Mustafa Marie, “National Museum of Egyptian Civilization receives huge statue of King Merenptah, Hathor”, Egypt Today, November 24, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le NMEC réceptionne une statue colossale du roi Mérenptah et de la déesse Hathor », Sada al-Balad, 24 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Deux statues colossales du roi Mérenptah et de la déesse Hathor arrivent au NMEC », alMasrî al-Yawm, 24 novembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Deux statues de Mérenptah et d’Hathor transférées vers le NMEC », al-Wafd, 24 novembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le NMEC réceptionne une statue colossale du roi Mérenptah et de la déesse Hathor », Watanî, 25 novembre). - - - Mardi 24 novembre 2020 The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization received a double statue of King Merenptah, the son of King Ramses II and the fourth king of the Nineteenth Dynasty, and the goddess Hathor, coming from the Mît Rahîna area, for display within the museum’s display scenario of the Central Hall, as part of the efforts made by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to prepare for the imminent opening of the two central exhibition halls and mummies hall in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Le Writing and Scripts Center de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina organise un cours d’enseignement des hiéroglyphes, à partir de demain, mercredi. Le cours est donné par le Dr Ahmad Hamdî ‘Abd al-Mun‘im, professeur assistant d’histoire et d’archéologie de l’Égypte et du Proche-Orient, faculté des Arts, Université d’Alexandrie. 180 Novembre 2020 Ce cours vise à susciter l’intérêt pour la civilisation égyptienne antique, tout en fournissant aux étudiants des ressources d’étude de base pour déchiffrer l’égyptien hiéroglyphique grâce à une formation scientifique à la lecture, à l’analyse et à la compréhension des textes. L’organisation de ces cours découle de la ferme conviction de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina que l’étude de la langue égyptienne est essentielle pour comprendre la civilisation égyptienne antique. Dr. ‘Alî ‘Umar, head of the Supreme Committee for the Museum Display Scenario at the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, explained that these mummies arrived in the museum last week, coming from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, in order to enrich the display of the Museum of Egyptian Capitals in the new Administrative Capital. He added that their show cases were prepared and sterilized in a special way to preserve the mummies inside. Les cours sont conçus pour dispenser les principes de base de l’écriture égyptienne ancienne, avec l’étude de quelques phrases et règles simples. Les personnes inscrites s’exerceront à la lecture des noms des rois et des nobles, ainsi que des textes gravés sur les parois des temples, des tombes, des cercueils, des peintures funéraires et commémoratives, en apprenant les règles de base sur lesquelles la langue égyptienne ancienne est fondée. Ce cours marque le début du programme pédagogique organisé par le Writing and Scripts Center pour la dix-septième année consécutive dans le domaine de la calligraphie, des langues et de l’antiquité. Ce cours attire un grand nombre d’inspecteurs d’antiquités, de conservateurs de musée, d’étudiants diplômés et de guides touristiques intéressés. Le cours de hiéroglyphes commence le mercredi 25 novembre 2020 et se poursuit jusqu’au mercredi 30 décembre 2020, les lundis et mercredis de chaque semaine, de 13h30 à 15h30. (Mustafa Tâhir, « Stage de hiéroglyphes à la Bibliotheca Alexandrina », al-Ahrâm, 24 novembre 2020. Voir également Nâsir al-Sharqâwî, « Cours de hiéroglyphes à la Bibliotheca Alexandrina », alMasrî al-Yawm, 24 novembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « La Bibliotheca Alexandrina lance un stage d’apprentissages des hiéroglyphes », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 novembre). - - The Supreme Committee for the Museums Display Scenario has completed placing the mummies of the priests and priestesses of the god Amun, in their show cases in the Museum of Egyptian Capitals in the New Administrative Capital. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the museums sector at the ministry, said that these mummies were discovered in the royal cache in Dayr al-Baharî in 1881, and belong to the mummy of Najm, the wife of Harihor, the chief priest of Amun, whose eyes were inlaid with white and black stones, which gives the feeling that they are still alive as well as wearing natural wigs and eyebrows. As for the mummy of Nasi Khonsu, the second wife of the chief priest of Amun Banjum II, he said that it is considered a distinct example of the development of the mummification method of the 21st Dynasty, where the eyes covered with stones and the dark yellow colour of the skin gave a sense of vitality and freshness. As for the mummy of Banjum II, the high priest of Amun, ‘Uthmân added that her skin was coloured yellow and dark red, and the mummy was wrapped in thin linen with coloured fringes. 181 Novembre 2020 And the mummy of the grandfather of Ptah uf Ankh from Dynasty 21, fingers and toes are decorated with rings. As for the mummy of Hanutawi, the wife of the chief priest of Amun, Banjum I, with a face Plump to show vitality. - - Mercredi 25 novembre 2020 Dr. Mona Ra’fat, the General Supervisor of the Museum of the Capitals of Egypt, explained that the museum received, during the past week, more than a hundred artefacts coming from a number of museums and archaeological storages; including the storages of the museums of Luxor, the royal carriages in Bûlâq, Suez and the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, and the archaeological site of Mît Rahîna. She said that work in the museum is progressing in preparation for its opening. She added that these artefacts have been selected carefully to enrich the museum display scenario to tell the history of the Egyptian capitals through different historical eras. She pointed out that one of the most important pieces in the museum is a collection of talatates stones depicting King Akhenaten and his wife Queen Nefertiti from the Luxor Museum storage, they are now being restored in preparation for their display; in addition to a Cuban carriage and a Kalash and a model of a war carriage which was a gift to King Farouk. The museum also received a number of mummies from the Egyptian Museum, mummies of priests and senior statesmen, in addition to a number of canopic jars and a wooden box inscribed with a picture of the god Anubis, to be displayed in the museum’s funeral ritual hall. This is in addition to a wonderful double statue of King Merenptah and the goddess Hathor from Mît Rahman. (“Egypt’s Supreme Committee for Museums Display Scenario completes placing Amun’s mummies in New Administrative Capital Museum”, Egypt Today, November 24, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Les prêtres d’Amon exposés au Musée archéologique de la nouvelle capitale administrative », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 22 novembre ; “Priests of Amun go on display at the New Administrative Capital’s Museum”, Egypt Independent, November 23). BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Cairo Int. Airport Museum - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Head of the Museums Sector at Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities Mu’min ‘Uthmân visited the Cairo International Airport Museum, to see the progress of work in preparation for its opening. ‘Uthmân explained that work is completed in the galleries of the museum, and artefacts have been placed and distributed inside two display cases according to the museum display scenario, the lighting and labels are now being finalized. Cairo Int. Airport Museum - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities ‘Uthmân confirmed that this museum will have an important role as an attraction at the Cairo International Airport for visitors, expatriates and transit travellers. 182 Novembre 2020 He added that the museum is located in a showroom in Terminal 3. He said that this museum has been opened before in 2016 but the ministry decided to expand the museum and change the exhibition gallery into a larger hall in the same terminal and add more pieces to enrich the display, as the museum now contains about 70 artefacts, after it had contained 36 artefacts. Cairo Int. Airport Museum - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Hâla Haggâg, director general of the Cairo Airport Museum, said that the artefacts were carefully selected by the Supreme Committee for the Museum Display Scenario, from the storages of a number of museums, including the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, the Suez Museum and the Greco-Roman Museum, to reflect the different aspects of the ancient Egyptian civilization; Ancient, Coptic and Islamic Egypt. Among the most important pieces on display are two mummies, in good condition, one of them dates back to the Roman era, with a face covered by a gilded mask, decorated with gilded cartonnage and colourful inscriptions. The second mummy dates back to the Late Period, and depicts a man in the Osiri position. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 That is in addition to a bronze statue of the winged goddess Isis wearing the horns of Hathor with the sun disk between them. The pieces also include a group of Canopic jars and some pieces representing the Islamic and Coptic civilizations in Egypt. (“Preparations are underway to officially inaugurate the Cairo International Airport Museum”, Egypt Today, November 25, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le président du secteur des musées inspecte le musée de l’aéroport », al-Ahrâm, 25 novembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Tournée d’inspection du président du secteur des musées inspecte au musée de l’aéroport », Sada al-Balad, 25 novembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Le président du secteur des musées inspecte le musée de l’aéroport », alWafd, 25 novembre ; Mahâ Salâh, « Le musée de l’aéroport faut peau neuve », al-Dustûr, 25 novembre ; Amal Gamâl, « Le président du secteur des musées inspecte le musée de l’aéroport », Watanî, 25 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie achève le scénario muséologique du musée de l’aéroport », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 26 novembre). - - Lors de leur tournée d’inspection de la zone archéologique, les archéologues de l’inspectorat Nord du Caire ont noté la disparition d’un certain nombre de spots électriques utilisés dans l’éclairage d’une partie de l’enceinte fatimide nord du Caire. Le président du secteur des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives, Dr Usâma Tal‘at, a annoncé que les mesures nécessaires ont été immédiatement prises et qu’un compte rendu de l’incident a été dressé. Toute l’affaire a été transférée au Parquet administratif pour enquête et détermination des coupables. 183 Novembre 2020 (Amal Gamâl, « Disparition de quelques spots électriques utilisés dans l’éclairage de l’enceinte fatimide du Caire », Watanî, 25 novembre 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Disparition de spots électriques utilisés dans l’éclairage de l’enceinte fatimide du Caire », Sada al-Balad, 25 novembre ; Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, « Disparition de spots électriques utilisés dans l’éclairage de l’enceinte fatimide du Caire », Vetogate, 25 novembre) - - The General Administration for Museum Education for Individuals with Special Needs organized a set of traditional crafts programs for those with special needs, including "the elderly – cancer patients - orphans - patients of the Abasseya Mental Health Hospital" and others, and that is by attending a number of different Egyptian museums affiliated with the sector, and under the auspices of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. This came as a continuation of the implementation of the management’s action plan program within the framework of the axes of the sustainable development plan Egypt 2030, and in view of preserving the heritage identity, through the revival of heritage crafts. Part of the workshops These programs aim to revive the traditional and heritage crafts, by acquiring the skill of implementing different units of a product inspired by the models of different civilizations through the ages, in addition to increasing the ability to focus, raise mental capabilities and develop the creative skills of the trainees. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 This program also aims to link different age groups with museums through teaching a heritage craft that the museum highlights as a cultural beacon and an educational, recreational institution that works to connect it with the surrounding community. The program plays a major role in contributing to solving the unemployment problem, by teaching some crafts, in addition to establishing the value of the intangible heritage and the importance of preserving it, enhancing self-confidence, and the trainee’s sense of value, introducing a kind of joy and happiness to the trainee. (“Training the elderly, individuals with special needs through workshops held in Egypt’s Museum of Islamic Art”, Egypt Today, November 25, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Le musée d’Art islamique organise un stage à l’attention des handicapés et des seniors », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 novembre). - - Jeudi 26 novembre 2020 The al-Sinnârî House and the Natural, Cultural Heritage Documentation Center and the Manuscripts Center at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina’s Cultural Communication Sector, are organizing a symposium titled “The alSinnârî House - Culture & Heritage,” on the occasion of the 226th anniversary of the establishment of the ancient building on November 29 at 6 p.m. at the headquarters of the al-Sinnârî House. The symposium will revolve around the history and architecture of Bayt al-Sinnârî, one of the most amazing examples of residential buildings dating back to 1794 AD, its history was linked to the French campaign on Egypt; where a number of members of the Science 184 Novembre 2020 and Arts Committee resided in it as part of the campaign, and most of them were painters and engineers. One of the sides of the coins has the God Zeus sitting on a throne carrying an eagle in one hand and a sceptre in the other. Emphasis will be placed on the architectural components of the house and the restoration processes that have been carried out on it until the Bibliotheca Alexandrina turned it into a house for science, culture and arts to present and make its activities available inside Cairo. There are also writings on the coins in Latin. The other side of the coins has depicted Alexander the Great, wearing lion skin, likening Hercules. (“Archaeological Unit of Rafah Land Port, Custom Authorities succeeded in seizing 9 archaeological coins”, Egypt Today, November 26, 2020). The symposium includes a series of lectures delivered by specialized speakers. (“Bibliotheca Alexandrina holds a symposium on the history, architecture of al-Sinnârî House on Nov. 29”, Egypt Today, November 26, 2020. Voir également Mustafa Tâhir, « Célébration du 226e anniversaire de la fondation de Bayt al-Sinnârî », al-Ahrâm, 26 novembre). - - The archaeological unit of Rafah Land Port, in cooperation with customs authorities, succeeded in seizing 9 coins while they were about to be smuggled out of the country. Hamdî Hammâm, head of the central administration for archaeological units of Egyptian ports, explained that after the archaeological unit in North Sinai received a notification from Rafah Customs Authority regarding suspicion of the authenticity of some coins in the possession of a traveller, a specialized archaeological committee was formed, headed by Ragab al-Husaynî, director general of the Center for Archaeological Units in North Sinai. The committee confirmed the authenticity of these coins. Necessary legal measures were taken and the coins were confiscated in favour of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, in accordance with the Antiquities Protection Law No. 117 of 1983 and its amendments. al-Husaynî indicated that the seized coins are circular in shape and made of metal dating back to the Greco-Roman era from the reign of Alexander the Great. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - - The Museum of Islamic Art in Bâb al-Khalq is holding a temporary archaeological exhibition called "Disease and Medication", throughout the month of December. Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân explained that this exhibition was created for an educational purpose in line with the current events to confront COVID-19. The exhibition includes a group of 50 artefacts illustrating medical and surgical tools from the Islamic civilization, in addition to hygiene and alternative medicine tools such as a group of “khudah” bowls from different Islamic eras, and some pitchers and bowls from the Mamluk era. General Director of the Museum of Islamic Art Mamdûh ‘Uthmân said that the medical sciences flourished during Islamic history, as doctors were distinguished, hospitals were advanced, and the Islamic faith always encouraged cleanliness, which made it easy for the body to protect itself from various diseases. He added that, on the sidelines of the exhibition, a number of cultural, educational and awareness-raising activities will be organized, such as organizing another exhibition of plastic art and photographs; 185 Novembre 2020 artistic workshops to teach children to draw motifs inspired by artefacts in the museum and draw them on face masks, and an interactive artistic presentation will be organized in coordination with the museum about COVID19 and ways to prevent it. That is in addition to methods of safe disposal of facemasks and gloves, recycling and use of empty medicine bottles, in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment. ‘Uthmân indicated that for the first time, a medical caravan will be organized in cooperation with the Trade Union Committee for Antiquities Workers to serve workers and museum visitors. (“"Disease & Medication" temporary exhibition held in Egypt’s Museum of Islamic Art”, Egypt Today, November 26, 2020. Voir également Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Exposition d’instruments de médecine au musée d’Art islamique », al-Wafd, 26 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le musée d’Art islamique expose des instruments chirurgicaux antiques », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 27 novembre). - - Stuart R. Stock A group of archaeologists discovered a surprise inside the belly of an Egyptian mummy of a girl who was only 5 years old when she died. mysterious abdomen. object placed in the child’s Scans of the mummy about two decades ago were of low contrast, and it was difficult to see many details, but for the new analysis, the researchers performed new CT scans to fully visualize the mummy’s structure. Scientists then focused on specific areas using X-ray diffraction, in which a highly focused beam of X-rays bounces off atoms in crystalline structures. Differences in diffraction patterns reveal the type of material the object is made of, as this is the first time that X-ray diffraction has been used on an intact mummy, says lead author of the study Stuart Stock, professor of cell research and developmental biology at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University in Chicago. The mummy, known as "The Hawara Portrait No. 4 Mummy," is in the collection of the Block Museum of Art at Northwestern University. It was excavated between 1910 and 1911 from the ancient Egyptian site of Hawwâra, and dates back to about the first century AD, when Egypt was under Roman rule. “During the Roman era in Egypt, they began to make mummies with the paintings attached to their front, where several thousand were photographed, but most of the pictures were removed from the mummies we have, maybe only 100 to 150 pictures are still attached to the mummies,” said Stock. It was subjected to high-resolution scans and "fine beams" of x-rays targeting very small areas in the intact ancient mummy. CT scans of the mummy’s teeth and femur confirmed the age of the girl, although there were no signs of trauma to her bones that could indicate the cause of her death. In a new study published on the ScienceAlert website, which was reported by several agencies, scientists reported that highintensity targeted X-rays also revealed a BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The portrait, ostensibly showing an adult woman. (Stuart R. Stock) Although the image on Mummy No. 4 showed an adult woman, the mummy’s small size indicates otherwise. The scans confirmed that the mummy was a child, still so young that none of her permanent teeth showed. Her 186 Novembre 2020 body measures 37 inches (937 mm) from the top of her skull to the soles of her feet, and the sheaths added another 2 inches (50 mm), according to the study. Researchers also discovered 36 needle-like structures in the case — 11 around the head and neck, 20 near the feet and five at the torso. X-ray diffraction determined that these were modern wires or metal staples that may have been added to stabilize the artefact sometime during the past century. (Mustafa Marie, “Foreign body discovered inside the belly of an Egyptian mummy in the Block Museum of Art”, Egypt Today, November 26, 2020. Voir également Basant Gamîl, « Une étude récente révèle la présence de corps métallique à l’intérieur des momies égyptiennes », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 12 novembre ; Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahmân, « Découverte surprenante d’une amulette à l’intérieur d’une momie égyptienne », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 décembre). - - Stock suggested that one of the surprising discoveries was an irregular layer of sediment in the mummy casings. The clay may have been used by the attending priests to secure the mummy’s bandages. Stuart R. Stock Another mysterious discovery was a small oval body about 0.3 inches (7 mm) long, found by the researchers in the mummy coils above the abdomen, and they called the object "embedding F". X-ray diffraction showed it’s made of calcite — but what is it? One possibility is that it could be an amulet involved because the child’s body was damaged during embalming, Stoke said. After this unfortunate incident, priests would often place an amulet like a scarab on the damaged part of the body to protect the person in the afterlife, and the newly discovered calcite "point" was in the right size and in the right position to be a protective Scarab, Stock explained. However, the resolution of the CT scan was not high enough to show the details carved into the object, so it was impossible to determine what it could have been, he said. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Great support is received by the village of the great historical engineer Hasan Fathî, which is located in the city of Qurna, west of Luxor, to continue its development and raise the efficiency of the historical buildings inside it from the village’s mosque, theatre, the ancient heritage buildings and rooms belonging to the great artist and engineer of world fame in Egypt and around the world. Târiq Wâlî recently started his work to restore the rest of the village, under the mandate of UNESCO, which is responsible for the restoration and development of the village to preserve its global history in southern Upper Egypt. In this regard, engineer Wâlî, who specializes in architecture and heritage affairs, visited the village of New Qurna and the historic village of Engineer Hasan Fathî to inspect it, accompanied by a delegation of Egyptians and Arabs working in the village’s Center, in an attempt to develop, restore and protect it. It has been decided that work will be carried out by the Târiq Wâlî Center for Architecture and Heritage in the al-Khân Building, the Mosque Building, the Theatre Building, the Dâr al-Amûdiyya Building, Hasan 187 Novembre 2020 Fathî Residence, the historic al-Tahtîb Square in the village, and the Village Crafts Gallery and the Old Market. UNESCO announced the launch of the project to restore the New Qurna with all force in 3 stages. The Târiq Wâlî Center for Architecture and Heritage announced that work has begun to revive the Khân building in the village by removing plantations and debris west of the building and addressing their negative impact on it, in addition to reducing the street level around the building to restore the original level of the site, the establishment of a drainage system surrounding the building to prevent the arrival of water pools, exposing the foundations of the building, treating them and supporting them with concrete, treatment of domes and vaults, structural strengthening and restoring the original design of the southern area, work on internal and external finishes and work on technical equipment. The architectural engineer Hasan Fathî was born on March 23, 1900, in the Governorate of Alexandria, to a wealthy Egyptian family, and at the age of eight he moved with his family to reside in Hilwân, south of Cairo. This includes drainage, feeding, electricity and lighting networks, in addition to mobile and internet services and removing the occupations, restoring the infringed parts to the west of the building, and reopening the southern corridor. Engineer Târiq Wâlî presented the restoration plan to a consultant for the restoration project of New Qurna, stressing that the project is a big dream going on to restore the history of the great engineer Hasan Fathî and preserve the basic character of the village, as the village has suffered for 70 years from many factors of deterioration, and there have been some encroachments on the village, demolition and reconstruction operations, in addition to the demolition of some buildings and facilities. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 He lived all his life in a house in Darb alLabbâna, in the Citadel neighbourhood in Cairo. He was affected by the countryside and the situation of farmers during a visit village at the age of eighteen. He wanted to be an agricultural engineer, but he could not answer the entrance exam, so he obtained a diploma in architecture from present day Faculty of Engineering, in present day Cairo University in 1926. After his graduation he worked as an engineer in the General Administration of Schools in the municipal councils (now local councils). His first work was Talkha Elementary School in rural Egypt, from which his interest in rural architecture or as he used to call it “Architecture of the Poor.” (“Development of Hasan Fathî Village, a global project to serve the historical cultural heritage in Luxor”, Egypt Today, November 26, 2020). - - Vendredi 27 novembre 2020 Egypt celebrates this month the 20th anniversary of the Nubian Museum. In a distinctive archaeological area, one of the most beautiful areas of Aswân, the Nubian Museum occupies a high hill and is known for its unique Nubian architectural style. 188 Novembre 2020 plus de l’épave d’un grand navire et des vestiges du Phare antique. (Ragab Ramadân, « Une mission française entreprend des relevés topographiques à Qâytbây », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 27 novembre 2020). - The museum style was inspired from Ancient Egyptian tombs. The Nubian Museum is a unique architectural masterpiece, and one of the most important tourist attractions in Aswân, attracting tourists and Egyptians, for 20 years, and contains more than 5,000 artefacts representing the stages of development of Nubian civilization and heritage. (“Egypt celebrates 20th anniversary of Nubian Museum”, Egypt Today, November 27, 2020. Voir également Mahmûd Mullâ, « Le musée de la Nubie ouvre gratuitement ses portes demain », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 22 novembre ; Muhammad ‘Awad, « Accès gratuit au musée de la Nubie à Aswân à l’occasion de son 23e anniversaire », Watanî, 23 novembre). - - Le président de l’Administration centrale des antiquités submergées, Ihâb Fahmî, a annoncé que la mission du Centre d’Études Alexandrines (CEAlex), dirigée par Dr MarieDominique Nenna, poursuit ses relevés topographiques et ses photographies tridimensionnelles sur le site situé au pied du fort Qâytbây dans la région d’al-Anfûshî. Les travaux de cette mission avaient démarré au début des années 1990. Plus de 3 500 pièces antiques datant de différentes époques sont submergées dans ces lieux, en BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Major General Ihâb al-Fâr, Chairman of the Engineering Authority of the Armed Forces, visited on Thursday the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, the Grand Egyptian Museum, and the restoration project of the Muhammad ‘Alî Palace in Shubrâ, to follow up on the progress of work there. (…) Then they visited the Grand Egyptian Museum in al-Rimâya Square, where they saw the museum façade, the atrium, the grand staircase and the two exhibition galleries of the treasures of King Tutankhamun, in addition to the multi-purpose building. They also visited the museum’s central electronic control room operating the museum’s security system, which is equipped with the latest alarm devices and surveillance cameras. They reviewed the security system of the show cases that are equipped with state-ofthe-art detection devices against theft and any vibrations or temperature changes. It works to maintain the perfect environment for every artefact inside the show cases. Then the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities and the Head of the Engineering Authority for the Armed Forces visited Muhammad ‘Alî Palace in Shubrâ, where Major General ‘Abd al-Hamîd al-Haggân, Governor of al-Qalyûbiyya, joined them to foresee the entire palace restoration project. The visit began at the Gabalâya stall, which was completely restored by the Engineering Authority of the Armed Forces, on an area of more than 84,000 square meters. They also checked out the Fountain Villa, where 76% of its restoration work was completed. 189 Novembre 2020 This included strengthening and fixing the foundations of the building, the mechanical and chemical cleaning of the marble columns and the ornate plaster ceilings of the galleries and rooms, the restoration work of the trussed roof and the treatment of the internal wooden panels of the ceilings, the careful restoration work and the return of the original colours of the drawings that adorn the walls and ceilings. — A.E., garde de sécurité dans la zone archéologique des pyramides. — Quant à E.R., inspecteur en chef des pyramides, il a été suspendu de ses fonctions pour une période de trois mois. In addition to restoring the floors, the lake and the fountain in the middle, in preparation for restarting them again. They were accompanied by Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, General Hishâm Samîr, Assistant Minister for Engineering Affairs, and a number of officials of the Ministry and the Engineering Authority. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities visits NMEC, GEM, Muhammad ‘Alî Palace”, Egypt Today, November 27, 2020). - - Samedi 28 novembre 2020 La Cour administrative suprême a ordonné la révocation de trois hauts fonctionnaires du ministère de l’Archéologie pour avoir endommagé la pyramide de Chéops, et une mise à pied disciplinaire d’un autre salarié pour une période de trois. La sentence a été rendue sous la présidence du conseiller ‘Âdil Barîk, viceprésident du Conseil d’État. L’affaire remonte au 17 avril 2013, lorsque les condamnés avaient autorisé et facilité à trois visiteurs allemands l’accès à la chambre funéraire principale de Chéops et aux cinq chambres de décharge. Ces Allemands ont prélevé des échantillons du plafond et des murs de la chambre du Roi, ainsi que de l’une des parois de la tombe des oiseaux, à l’aide d’un outil pointu. Ils ont également prélevé quelques échantillons de l’encre rouge avec lequel est tracé le cartouche de Chéops sur l’une des parois de la cinquième chambre de décharge, située au-dessus de la chambre funéraire principale. Pour ce faire, ils ont utilisé un instrument tranchant qui a provoqué des rayures visibles à l’œil nu. (Shaymâ’ alQarnashâwî, « La Cour administrative suprême sanctionne des fonctionnaires du ministère de l’Archéologie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 28 novembre 2020. Voir également Sâmya Fârûq, « La Cour administrative suprême rend un jugement historique », al-Wafd, 28 novembre). - - Ont été licenciés : — G.E.E., inspecteur en chef des affaires scientifiques dans la zone archéologique des pyramides. — H.A., inspecteur des antiquités dans la zone archéologique des pyramides. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Dimanche 29 novembre 2020 The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) is one of the most important national projects adopted by the state, as it is one of the largest international museums as well as the only museum of its 190 Novembre 2020 kind in Egypt, the Arab world, the Middle East and Africa. achievements throughout its different eras, starting from prehistoric times through the Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, Coptic and Islamic eras and up to the modern and contemporary ages, in addition to what the Egyptians inherited from the traditional culture or what is known as the popular heritage. Why was the Mummies Hall executed? Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî had recently visited several archaeological sites, including the NMEC in Fustât. The development works of ‘Ayn al-Sîra Lake, the area in front of the museum, the main exhibition hall and the mummies hall were inspected. They will be officially launched soon. The Mummies Exhibition Hall, which was specially designed to display the mummies of the kings and queens of Pharaonic Egypt, takes the visitor to the atmosphere of the Valley of the Kings, where these mummies were found, in a manner befitting their high status, and preceded by an introductory presentation explaining how the Egyptians practiced the science of mummification and their superiority in it. This is in addition to inspecting the museum’s multimedia show, which is an integral part of the display scenario. The temporary exhibition hall and the glass pyramid were also inspected. What does the pieces to be displayed in the NMEC reveal? It expresses all the manifestations of the richness and diversity that the Egyptian civilization enjoyed during the various eras, starting from prehistoric times to the present day, and it will contain among its flanks very rare monuments. What does the Central Exhibition Hall include? The Central Exhibition Hall includes the main display of the museum. The visitor can get an integrated idea of the Egyptian civilization and its most important BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 What is the Glass Pyramid Hall? The Glass Pyramid Hall, called the Capital Museum, displays the history of the presentday Greater Cairo. It is located in the glass pyramid that rises above the central display area. Through it, using modern technological methods, the visitor can see all the landmarks of ancient and modern Cairo. (Mustafa Marie, “What does the Royal Mummies Hall look like in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization?”, Egypt Today, November 29, 2020. Voir également Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC à Fustât et le GEM », alWafd, 26 novembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le 191 Novembre 2020 ministre de l’Archéologie inspecte le NMEC et le GEM », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 27 novembre). - - Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is preparing for the huge global event of transferring the royal mummies, through a huge royal procession befitting the kings of ancient Egypt, as 22 mummies will be transferred from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the place of their permanent display in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât. Some news went viral on social media platforms that the parade will be held next Friday. Le président de l’Egyptian Sound and Light Show Company (ESLSC), Muhammad ‘Abd al‘Azîz, a annoncé l’achèvement des travaux d’éclairage de la place Tahrîr dont le coût s’élève à 60 millions de livres égyptiennes. Les façades de tous les bâtiments donnant sur cette place ont été éclairées, notamment le ministère des Affaires étrangères, la Ligue arabe, le mugama‘ et le Musée Égyptien. Les palmiers, l’obélisque et les quatre Sphinx criocéphales ont également été éclairés. ‘Abd al-‘Azîz a précisé qu’après la place Tahrîr, d’autres places et bâtiments feront l’objet d’un éclairage moderne. Ce projet concernera la place Tal‘at Harb et le Caire khédivial. (Hishâm Shawqî, « Le président de l’ESLSC : 60 millions L.E. pour éclairer la place Tahrîr », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 novembre 2020). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 A number of informed sources within the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities confirmed that the date of the procession has not yet been set, and that what was circulated on social media platforms is incorrect, and that the ministry is preparing for the big parade soon. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities continues to conduct rehearsals for the transfer process, in order for the mummies to come out in a manner befitting the ancient Egyptian history. The doors of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr will open for the exit of the royal mummies, in the presence of a large number of ambassadors, local and international media, so that 22 royal mummies bid farewell to the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr, on 22 cars in an old Egyptian style, with horses, and war wheels similar to the ancient Egyptian war wheels, while playing musical compositions. The royal procession of mummies moves from Tahrîr Square, where the obelisk is located in one of the most famous squares of the world, heading to the Nile Corniche, then to the place of their permanent location in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât. To transport the mummies, Cairo governorate declared a state of emergency, in coordination with several entities, to determine their path, and the part that is being developed in the vicinity of the Museum of Civilizations in ‘Ayn al-Sîra, which receives royal mummies, where the part located directly in front of the museum has been 192 Novembre 2020 converted into a tourist attraction project linked to the museum, as well as the establishment of several roads to serve the area and link it to the main roads. The number of mummies and coffins to be transported is 22 royal mummies and 17 royal coffins, dating back to the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties. 18 of the mummies are for kings, while 4 belong to queens. Among the mummies transferred are mummies of King Ramses II; King Seqenenre Tao; King Tuthmosis III; King Seti I; Queen Hatshepsut; and Queen Meritamen, the wife of King Amenhotep I; and Queen Ahmose Nefertari, the wife of King Ahmose I. (“Egypt’s Tourism and Antiquities Ministry: Date of the Royal Mummies’ Parade is yet to be disclosed”, Egypt Today, November 29, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie : La date du transfert des momies royales n’a pas encore été fixée », Sada al-Balad, 30 novembre). - - Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî announced Sunday that the government is considering holding a temporary exhibition for several Egyptian antiquities in a secured place for the Egyptian exhibition stand at Expo 2020 Dubai. During a meeting to discuss preparations for Egypt’s participation in the expo, al-‘Inânî added that this temporary exhibition, which also includes a display of thousands of replicas, aims to highlight the uniqueness of Egypt and its ancient civilization. He also touched on the exhibition’s digital presence, and explained a live broadcast of BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 various Egyptian monuments, tourist and archaeological sites will be presented. al-‘Inânî noted the possibility of providing the Egyptian exhibition with various pictures that reflect not its civilization, but the beauty and splendour of Egypt as well, with pictures of reserves and attractive landscapes on display. Minister of Trade and Industry Nevine Gamea added that the government is endeavouring to make Egypt’s participation in the event a success. The government seeks to adequately display Egypt’s position and weight on the regional and international arenas, she said, and also benefit from the global popularity of the exhibition and the fact that it is being held for the first time in an Arab country. Gamea said that Egypt’s exhibition will shed light on the state’s contributions to global development, and how it is building a promising future that achieves investment opportunities and sustainable development as part of Egypt’s 2030 vision agenda. The exhibition will also provide ample opportunities for meetings to be between companies, she said, aiming to concluding commercial and investment deals in a way that maximizes the economic impact of Egypt’s participation in the expo. (“Egypt considers temporary antiquities exhibition during Expo 2020 Dubai”, Egypt Independent, November 29, 2020. Voir également Shawqî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Nous examinons la tenue d’une exposition temporaire à Expo Dubaï », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 novembre). - - Lundi 30 novembre 2020 Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, General Supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) and the surrounding region, received on behalf of the Grand Egyptian Museum’s Conservation Centre two ISO certificates: a certificate of accreditation of international standards for environmental management systems (ISO 14001: 2015) and certification of 193 Novembre 2020 the international standard specifications for the quality management systems (ISO9001: 2015). The certificates were presented by Engineer Muhammad Habîb, General Manager of OSS Middle East and Dr. Târiq Rizq, consultant of OSS Middle East and witnessed by Dr. Husayn Kamâl, General Director of the GEM Conservation Center, Dr. ‘Îsa Zaydân, Director of Executive Affairs of GEM Conservation and Transportation, and Dr. al-Shaymâ’ ‘Îd, Head of Health and Safety at GEM. These two certifications are in addition to the ISO certificate for occupational safety and health (ISO45001: 2018) which the museum had obtained last September. GEM has obtained three ISO certificates in less than 60 days, the first time a museum obtains these three certificates at both the regional and international level. These achievements serve as confirmation to the constant efforts of the Grand Egyptian Museum to apply all international scientific standards, such as quality assurance, planning, performance evaluation, as well as achieving environmental sustainability. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Obtaining these ISO certificates shows the positive impact the museum has in the area and it is hope this will continue to be reflected in local and international tourism, as GEM leads the way in occupational health and safety, environmental sustainability and quality control, mechanisms specially designed to measure and ensure visitors’ satisfaction. It is worth noting that the museum had issued a booklet entitled ‘We Have Never Stopped Facing Corona’ to document all actions taken in this unprecedented global pandemic. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s Grand Egyptian Museum receives three ISO certificates”, Egypt Today, November 30, 2020. Voir également Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le GEM reçoit deux certifications ISO », Sada al-Balad, 30 novembre ; Mahâ Salâh, « Le GEM récompensé de deux certifications ISO », alDustûr, 30 novembre). - - Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie a décidé de remettre au 1er mai 2021 l’augmentation des tarifs d’accès aux musées et aux sites archéologiques qui était prévue ce mois-ci. Cette mesure vise à soutenir les agences de voyages et à promouvoir le tourisme culturel. 20 % de réduction des tarifs d’accès aux musées et aux sites archéologiques sont également accordés aux touristes arrivant en Égypte à bord des compagnies aériennes EgyptAir et Air Cairo. (Râmî Husayn, « L’augmentation des tarifs d’accès aux musées et aux sites archéologiques décalée au 1er mai 2021 », alDustûr, 30 novembre 2020). - - Muhammad Yûsuf, director of the Saqqâra Antiquities Area, said that a model entered the area with a normal "entry ticket" permit, and not a ticket or permit to photograph, while wearing an ordinary cloak, which does not raise any doubt within the archaeologists in the region. She was accompanied by a person, who appeared to be the photographer who took the photographs. 194 Novembre 2020 Yûsuf further stated that when she entered and wandered around the area, she took off the cloak, revealing Pharaonic clothes that appeared in the photos that she uploaded on her personal page on social media. “The clothes in which the girl appeared in the group of pictures is not appropriate for the Egyptian civilization or the statues of the Egyptian antiquities. It is a contempt for the ancient Egyptian civilization, because it is not appropriate for her to express the ancient Egyptian history in this way”, said Yûsuf in press statements. Yûsuf clarified that Mustafa Wazîrî, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, upon learning of the incident, immediately referred the area’s workers for investigation, and that the matter is currently under investigation at the Public Prosecution and the Administrative Prosecution. All workers will be summoned during the investigations in addition to the women who took the inappropriate photos. A group of photos of a fashion model inside the Saqqâra antiquities area went viral on social media, which angered many activists. The model took photos in the grandiose area in a way many deemed inappropriate and disrespectful to the Egyptian antiquities. “The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is always keen to preserve the history of the ancient Egyptian civilization, and anyone who falls short or disrespect the Egyptian civilization and antiquities will be punished, after the result of the prosecution’s investigation of the incident of the photo session is completed”, said Wazîrî. (“Saqqâra Model, under investigation”, Egypt Today, November 30, 2020. Voir également “Controversial photo shoot in Saqqâra prompts investigation”, Egypt Independent, November 30 ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Le ministère de l’Archéologie suspend 6 fonctionnaires en attendant l’issue de l’enquête sur la Photo Session tournée à Saqqâra », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 1er décembre ; Hamdî Dabsh, «8 fonctionnaires du ministère de l’Archéologie impliqués dans l’affaire de "la fille de Saqqâra" », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 1er décembre). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 195 VI – DECEMBRE 2020 Mardi 1er décembre 2020 La première campagne de fouille de Qal‘at Shaykh Hammâm a débuté lundi dans le village d’al-‘Arakî à Farshût, dans le gouvernorat de Qinâ, en coopération entre le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire (Ifao) et la faculté d’Archéologie de l’université de ‘Ayn Shams. Le chef de la mission, Dr Ahmad al-Shûkî, accompagné d’une délégation ont rendu visite aux descendants du Shaykh al-‘Arab Hammâm qui les ont généreusement accueillis. al-Shûkî a annoncé que les fouilles préliminaires se poursuivront durant deux semaines. Un séminaire sur les fouilles archéologiques islamiques se tiendra jeudi prochain dans le palais Yûsuf Kamâl à Nag‘ Hammâdî. Rappelons que les études archéologiques confirment que les forteresses en briques crues du prince Shaykh al-‘Arab Hammâm ont été édifiées sur le même modèle architectural BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 que l’enceinte fatimide de la ville du Caire. alShûkî a précisé que les murs de la citadelle s’élèvent à environ 6 m de hauteur. Quant à l’épaisseur des murs, elle varie à la base entre 0,8 et 1 m, et à son sommet entre 0,5 et 0,6 m, ce qui témoigne d’une grande ingéniosité. Le village al-‘Arakî situé à Farshût au nord de Qinâ, où se trouve Qal‘at Shaykh Hammâm, est l’un des villages les plus anciens. On y a découvert le manche d’un couteau datant de l’époque prédynastique, exposé actuellement au musée du Louvre. Quant au Shaykh al-‘Arab Hammâm, il a été décrit par les historiens comme le fondateur de l’État du Sa‘îd contre l’oppression de l’Empire ottoman d’alors. Il a joué un rôle politique remarquable durant la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Il a pris le titre de Shaykh al-‘Arab grâce à son alliance avec un groupe de tribus arabes pour combattre les Mamelouks. Il a hérité de la direction de la Haute-Égypte de son grandpère et de son père. L’historien al-Jabartî ainsi que des voyageurs étrangers ayant visité la 196 Décembre 2020 Haute-Égypte à cette époque, ont décrit son influence et la puissance de son armée avec laquelle il a combattu les Mamelouks. (Mahmûd al-Dusûqî, « Lancement des fouilles archéologiques à Qal‘at Shaykh Hammâm à Qinâ », al-Ahrâm, 1er décembre 2020). - - consenti par Louis-Philippe en 1845 contre celui de l’obélisque de Louqsor offert par le vice-roi d’Égypte Muhammad ‘Alî et érigé en 1836 sur la place de la Concorde. Toutefois, le mécanisme de l’horloge des Français est tombé en panne dès son arrivée en Égypte. Trois tentatives de réparation ont déjà échoué à travers les âges. À présent, l’horloge est confiée aux soins de François Simon-Fustier, maître d’Art en horlogerie et héritier d’une lignée d’horlogers dont il représente la quatrième génération. Son atelier s’est vu confier la restauration de deux horloges-carillons du Palais Royal de Mafra au Portugal. (Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « La France envoie un expert en horlogerie pour réparer l’horloge de la citadelle du Caire », al-Wafd, 1er décembre 2020). En réponse à une sollicitation du ministère égyptien du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, la France envoie un expert spécialisé en horlogerie afin d’examiner la possibilité de réparer l’horloge monumentale qui surplombe la cour des ablutions de la mosquée Muhammad ‘Alî, au cœur de la citadelle du Caire. - Mercredi 2 décembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî and Advisor to the President of Egypt for Financial Affairs Muhammad Amîn visited the Museum of Egypt’s Capitals in the New Administrative Capital, to follow up on its latest developments. De son côté, le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Mustafa Wazîrî, avait annoncé en juin dernier le lancement d’un projet de restauration de cette horloge. Rappelons que celle-ci est un don BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Amîn was accompanied by Head of the Supreme Committee for the Museum’s Display Scenario ‘Alî ‘Umar, Advisor to the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for the museum exhibition and members of the committee Mahmûd Mabrûk, Head of the Museums Sector Mu’min ‘Uthmân, General Supervisor of the Museum Muna Ra’fat, Head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî in addition to other ministerial officials. 197 Décembre 2020 nouvelle capitale administrative », al-Shurûq, 2 décembre). - - Jeudi 3 décembre 2020 The visit came to assess the progress of the works inside the museum, and the facilities used to exhibit the artefacts according to the museum display scenario assigned to them. Recently, the museum received a number of artefacts; including two carpets, one of them is made of wool, with text in the Persian language. The second carpet has floral and geometric motifs in navy and orange colours. That is in addition to ceramic pieces that simulate daily life patterns from the ancient Egyptian motifs, a half statue made of bronze for the Khedive Ismâ‘îl, which enriches the section devoted to the presentation of Islamic and Khedive Cairo and the daily life of these eras. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s tourism & antiquities Minister inspects Museum of Egypt’s Capitals in New Administrative Capital”, Egypt Today, December 2, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie et le conseiller du président de la République inspectent le musée de la nouvelle capitale administrative », al-Ahrâm, 2 décembre ; “State officials follow up on Museum of Egypt’s Capitals construction progress in NAC”, Daily News Egypt, December 2; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte l’avancement des travaux du musée de la nouvelle capitale administrative », Sada al-Balad, 2 décembre ; Mahâ Salâh, « En vue de son inauguration, le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte le musée de la nouvelle capitale administrative », al-Dustûr, 2 décembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Le conseiller d’al-Sîsî et le ministre de l’Archéologie inspectent le musée de la BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 In line with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ initiative to organize guided tours in the newly opened archaeological museums to tour guides, the Royal Chariots Museum in Bûlâq organized a lecture and a guided tour for a group of 35 tour guides, to acquaint them with the museum and its artefacts, in order for them to explain the display scenario for tourists in an easy yet interesting way. Director General of the Royal Chariots Museum Ahmad al-Sabbâgh said that he explained the history of the museum, as well as its purpose and mission to the guides. The guides expressed their joy with this experience and the cooperation with the museum’s management, stressing the importance of getting acquainted with newly opened museums and their collections up close, to relay better information to the visitors and tourists. (“Royal Chariots Museum organizes lecture, guided tour for a group of tour guides”, Egypt Today, December 3, 198 Décembre 2020 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le musée des Carrosses royaux organise une initiation à l’attention des guides touristiques », al-Ahrâm, 2 décembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le musée des Carrosses royaux invite les guides touristiques à découvrir ses collections », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 2 décembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le musée des Carrosses royaux organise une visite pour 35 guides touristiques », Sada al-Balad, 2 décembre ; Râmî Husayn, « Les guides touristiques en visite du musée des Carrosses royaux », al-Dustûr, 2 décembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Le musée des Carrosses royaux organise une conférence pour présenter ses collections aux guides touristiques », al-Wafd, 3 décembre). - - La dépouille a été transférée vers la morgue de l’hôpital d’al-Mansûra. Le rapport préliminaire du médecin légiste confirme la mort par asphyxie due à une noyade au milieu des sables. À l’issue de l’autopsie, le Parquet général a remis le corps à la famille. L’inhumation s’est déroulée dans une ambiance hystérique. (Ghâda ‘Abd al-Hâfiz, « Funérailles du gardien du site archéologique de Tell al-Rab‘ », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 3 décembre 2020). - - Dimanche 6 décembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî visited the new archaeological replicas factory. This factory is the first of its kind in Egypt. It is scheduled to be officially opened in early 2021 after its workers complete their training. During the tour, al-‘Inânî was accompanied Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities by Mustafa Wazîrî, Assistant Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for Engineering Affairs Hishâm Samîr and a number of ministerial officials. ‘Abdallah al-Sayyid al-‘Adl Plusieurs centaines d’habitants du village Munsh’at al-Salâm à Timiy al-Amdîd dans le gouvernorat d’al-Daqahliyya ont participé mercredi soir aux funérailles de l’un des gardiens du site archéologique. Lors de sa tournée d’inspection sur les hauteurs de Tell al-Rab‘, ‘Abdallah al-Sayyid al-‘Adl a trouvé la mort complètement aspiré par les sables mouvants. Ses deux collègues n’ont pas réussi à lui porter secours. Cette mort violente a étonné tout le monde. D’autant plus qu’aucun panneau d’avertissement n’indique la présence de sables mouvants sur ce site. Les forces de la défense civile sont parvenues à extraire le cadavre qui était tout habillé. Arme de service, téléphone portable : aucun objet personnel ne manquait. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The minister toured the entire factory; the manual and automated production units, in addition to the service area for workers such as the cafeteria and locker rooms. During the visit - photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities The total area of the factory is about 10 thousand square meters. It consists of 44 artists and workers with notable experience 199 Décembre 2020 and are specialized in this specific field of work. The factory is equipped with high tech machines, and has manual and automated production lines for casting metals to produce and raise the efficiency of products from metalwork, as well as a line of wood and carpentry products. Also, Wazîrî said that this factory will contribute in increasing the resources of the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities and thus increase the national income. He indicated that the factory will also contribute to protecting intellectual property rights for Egyptian antiquities. That is in addition to the required molds for production lines, sculpture, printing, drawing and colouring, in and an exhibition hall for replicas that are produced. Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities During the visit - photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities al-‘Inânî confirmed that work in the factory is at full swing in preparation for its imminent opening. He said that this factory will maximize the benefit from the current Egyptian technical and artistic expertise, in addition to creating job opportunities for young talents. Also, al-‘Inânî added that this will meet the increasing demand on Egyptian antiquities replicas, which are manufactured within the factory at the highest level of technical expertise at the hands of specialists with experience and competence. Wazîrî said that this factory was established in the industrial zone of al-‘Ubûr City in cooperation with the Egyptian Kenouz Company for Archaeological Models. He added that it is the first of its kind in Egypt and the Middle East, indicating that it will contribute to the protection of the Egyptian cultural heritage. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Wazîrî explained that every replica that will be produced in the factory will carry a special stamp of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, and a certificate stating that it is an original piece, in addition to placing a barcode for easy identification, which contributes to protecting the unit from imitation and counterfeiting. (Mustafa Marie, “Egypt’s tourism & antiquities Minister visits Archaeological Replicas Factory”, Egypt Today, December 6, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministre de l’Archéologie : Inauguration début 2021 de l’usine des reproductions archéologiques », Sada al-Balad, 5 décembre ; Mahâ Salâh, « En vue de son inauguration, le ministre du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie inspecte la première usine de reproductions archéologiques », al-Dustûr, 5 décembre ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « En vue de son inauguration début 2021, al-‘Inânî inspecte la nouvelle usine de reproductions archéologiques », alShurûq, 5 décembre). - - Lundi 7 décembre 2020 Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has completed the work of the first phase of the project to modernize and develop the 200 Décembre 2020 night lighting systems on al-Mu‘izz Street and all the ancient buildings there. of the facade of each building and lit by a degree of warm white. Also, searchlights were avoided on the facades to maintain the streamline of their heritage shape. This is within the framework of the ministry’s keenness to develop archaeological areas and highlight the artistic aspects in them. Assistant Minister for Engineering Affairs and General Supervisor of the Historic Cairo Project Hishâm Samîr indicated that the first phase of the project, which was completed, included the installation and modernization of the lighting systems of the historic street, while the second phase, which is being implemented now, includes the installation of a specific type of lighting fixtures for the facades and arenas of ancient buildings on alMu‘izz Street to highlight its aesthetics and artistic dimensions. He explained that the lighting system for the facades of the ancient buildings on the street is carried out according to the nature of each building where lights were used submerged in the ground, as well as projecting in some places in front of the walls BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The project also includes lighting the monuments from the inside with special specifications that take into account the space and the nature of each building and its holdings, taking into account the use of special lamps that do not cause any damage or high temperatures during their operation so as not to affect the ancient buildings. Samîr further explained that lighting mosques and their minarets require different specifications and techniques to commensurate with their nature and contents, with the aim of highlighting the aesthetics of their architecture, and preserving their heritage character and spiritual atmosphere. The different lighting tools are distributed according to accurate engineering calculations to highlight and focus on some technical details of the art of architecture, and the lighting of minarets requires a special perception of them due to their height and the different shape of their architecture. (“1st phase of modernizing lighting system in alMu‘izz Street completed”, Egypt Today, December 7, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève la première phase de modernisation de l’éclairage de la rue al-Mu‘izz », Sada al-Balad, 7 décembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Modernisation de l’éclairage de la rue alMu‘izz », al-Wafd, 7 décembre ; Islâm ‘Abd alMa‘bûd, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie : Achèvement de la première 201 Décembre 2020 phase de modernisation de l’éclairage de la rue al-Mu‘izz », al-Shurûq, 7 décembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève la première phase de modernisation de l’éclairage de la rue alMu‘izz », Watanî, 7 décembre). - - The video shows rehearsals of the procession for transporting the royal mummies, as the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities places the final preparations for this huge event, for a procession befitting the greatness of the ancient Egyptian history and civilization. Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî, a nommé Dr Usâma Farîd ‘Uthmân au poste de directeur général du musée archéologique de Kafr alShaykh. (Magdî Abû al-‘Aynayn, « Usâma Farîd nommé directeur général du musée de Kafr alShaykh », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 7 décembre 2020). - - Mardi 8 décembre 2020 One of the vehicles especially prepared for transferring King Merneptah’s mummy - ET A new video has been released showing the final rehearsals for transporting 22 royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the place of their permanent display in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, while the government is finalizing the equipment for this huge event, which will be covered by all local and international media. This is within the framework of President ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî’s directives to complete international archaeological and cultural activities, in a manner that is consistent with the greatness and nobility of the ancient Egyptian civilization, and highlights the country’s ongoing efforts to develop and modernize Cairo and other ancient cities. The number of mummies and coffins to be transported is 22 royal mummies and 17 royal coffins, dating back to the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties. 18 of the mummies are for BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 202 Décembre 2020 kings, while 4 belong to queens. (“VIDEO: Final rehearsals of Egypt’s grandiose Royal Mummies’ Parade are undergoing”, Egypt Today, December 8, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie apporte la dernière retouche à la plus imposante parade pharaonique », alAhrâm, 2 décembre ; Muhammad Su‘ûdî, « Répétition générale avant le transfert des momies », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 2 décembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Transfert de 22 momies de Tahrîr à Fustât dans une parade imposante », Sada al-Balad, 2 décembre). - - Mercredi 9 décembre 2020 The Public Treasury and Coinage Authority, in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, issued a set of commemorative medals celebrating the 1050th anniversary of the founding of Historic Cairo, in keeping with its choice as the capital of Islamic culture and civilization for the year 2020. Assistant Minister of Tourism and Antiquities for the Development of Archaeological Sites Îmân Zaydân, said in a statement today, Wednesday, that the medals bear images of a group of Islamic antiquities that represent civilized signs in the history of Cairo’s architecture, such as al-Azhar Mosque, al-Aqmar Mosque, al-Imâm al-Shâfi‘î Dome, Sultan Hasan Mosque and Muhammad ‘Alî Mosque. She explained that on other medals minarets and domes were depicted, as a symbol of the city’s architecture, in addition to a medallion bearing the image of the waterman, who carried water between its neighbourhoods and streets. (“Issuing commemorative medals for Historic Cairo on its 1050th anniversary”, Egypt Today, December 9, 2020. Voir également Nevine ElAref, “Egypt marks 1,050 years on the establishment of Cairo with commemorative medals”, Ahram Online, December 9). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Ahmad Muhammad Sayyid Humayda Le président du département des musées, Mu’min Muhammad, a nommé Dr Ahmad Muhammad Sayyid Humayda superviseur des musées de Moyenne-Égypte (Banî Swayf, Minyâ et Mallawî), en plus de son poste de directeur général du musée Atonien. (Sa‘îd Nâfi‘, « Humayda nommé superviseur des musées de Moyenne-Égypte », al-Masrî alYawm, 9 décembre 2020). - - Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî has issued a decision to form and organise the work of the Board of Directors at the new National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, Old Cairo. The Prime Minister’s decision follows on a law issued this year to do so. The decision includes the formation of the Board of Directors, which will be headed by the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities. Other members on the board include: the CEO of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization; the Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities; the CEO of the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM); the CEO of the Egyptian General Authority for Tourism Promotion; and the Chairperson of the Egyptian Federation of Tourist Chambers. Also included on the board are: the Chairperson of the National Organization for Urban Coordination; the Tourism and Antiquities Minister’s advisors for legal, economic, marketing and strategic studies; and the Deputy General Supervisor of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. This comes in addition to several bank heads, state 203 Décembre 2020 officials, professors at Egyptian universities, and relevant experts. Zaynab (Door of Zaynab), which decorates the main hall of the museum. The Prime Minister’s decision stipulates that the term of the council’s membership will be two years, renewable for similar periods. The council will meet at least once a month, as well as whenever the need arises, at the invitation of its president. It is noteworthy that the Door of Zaynab is one of the largest silver-armoured doors in the world. The door was moved to the Museum of Islamic Art from the Sayyida Zaynab Mosque. According to this decision, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors will chair the session and manage the discussions. The Board of Directors may invite whomever it deems fit from the authority’s employees or experts from outside the Commission to attend the sessions. It reflects the extent of integration and artistic perfection in implementing Islamic decorations. (“Egypt’s Museum of Islamic Art launches introductory videos on its archaeological holdings”, Egypt Today, December 10, 2020). - - The Chairperson will issue a decision to form the technical secretariat of the council, with a Chairperson and a sufficient number of employees to undertake the preparatory work for the board’s sessions and prepare the agenda and files of the issues raised. Accordingly, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî has decided to hold the Board of Directors’ first meeting at the museum’s headquarters next week. (“Egypt Prime Minister instructs for Museum of Civilization’s Board formation”, Daily News Egypt, December 9, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Composition du conseil d’administration du NMEC », Sada alBalad, 8 décembre). - - Jeudi 10 décembre 2020 The Museum of Islamic Art at Bâb al-Khalq launches a series of introductory videos on the museum and the archaeological collections it contains, under the title "Haddûta". Director General of the Museum of Islamic Art Mamdûh ‘Uthmân explained that the program consists of a series of videos shown every month, relaying the history of the museum and its archaeological collections, in a simple and easy way to reach all ages and societal groups. The Royal Carriages Museum in Cairo’s Bûlâq district received the chariot of Khedive ‘Abbâs Hilmî II for restoration and display. The chariot had been placed for almost 12 years at the Citadel of al-Qusayr in the Red Sea governorate. In 2008, authorities foiled an attempt to smuggle the chariot out of the country through Safâgâ Port. Mu’min ‘Uthmân, head of the Museums Sector, said that when the prosecutor-general issued a decree to hand over the chariot to the Supreme Council of Antiquities, it was packed and transported to the Royal Carriages Museum for restoration and display. The chariot was sealed and packed according to standard scientific and technical procedures used in the transportation of antiquities. Ahmad al-Sabbâgh, director-general of the museum, said the chariot was of the type of He added that the first of these episodes will be about the story of the Bâb al-Sayyida BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 204 Décembre 2020 “Alay” and dates back to the era of Khedive ‘Abbâs Hilmî II. It is 3.5 metres long, 1.5 metres wide, and carried on four wheels of wood and leather. It consists of a cabin of brass and wood clad with leather. It has two side doors, two seats facing each other, while the cabin provides a seat for the driver, behind which is a seating for the guards. Four copper lanterns for lighting are placed on the four sides of the cabin along with a copper bell. al-Sabbâgh said the unique black-coloured Sharapan chariot with a red mastic is under restoration to be exhibited at the museum's Celebration Hall. The most distinguished feature of the chariot, a cabriolet used for trips, is that it has three seats lined up next to each other. (Nevine El-Aref, “Cairo’s Royal Carriages Museum receives ‘Abbâs Hilmî II chariot for restoration and display”, Ahram Online, December 10, 2020. Voir également Muhammad As‘ad, « Le carrosse d’al-Qusayr arrive au musée des Carrosses royaux pour y être restauré puis exposé », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 10 décembre ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Le carrosse d’al-Qusayr arrive au musée des Carrosses royaux pour y être restauré », al-Shurûq, 10 décembre ; “al-Qusayr Carriage arrives at the Royal Carriage Museum for restoration, display”, Egypt Today, December 13). - - Vendredi 11 décembre 2020 Pour fêter la Journée internationale des droits de l’Homme — célébrée chaque année partout dans le monde le 10 décembre — l’Égypte a illuminé hier soir les pyramides de Gîza, le siège du ministère des Affaires étrangères et le complexe judiciaire BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 d’Héliopolis, confirmant ainsi la fierté du pays et son rôle historique dans la marche en soutien au mouvement mondial des droits de l’Homme et au renforcement du système international qui le protège. L’éclairage des pyramides de Gîza, symbole de la civilisation égyptienne ancrée dans l’histoire, indique le dévouement de l’Égypte dans divers domaines, y compris l’établissement précoce d’une culture des droits de l’Homme et le renforcement des valeurs de stabilité, de solidarité et de fierté nationale. L’éclairage du siège du ministère des Affaires étrangères sur la corniche du Nil est une affirmation du rôle de l’Égypte dans le soutien et l’affermissement du système mondial des droits de l’Homme et son respect permanent de ses engagements internationaux dans ce domaine. Tandis que l’éclairage du nouveau complexe judiciaire d’Héliopolis incarne l’adhésion de l’Égypte aux valeurs de justice, d’égalité et de l’état de droit, pivots visant à garantir et à protéger les droits humains. (Wa’il ‘Alî, « L’Égypte célèbre la Journée internationale des droits de l’Homme en éclairant les pyramides », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 11 décembre 2020. Voir également Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Les pyramides et le Sphinx éclairés en bleu pour célébrer la Journée internationale des droits de l’Homme », alWafd, 10 décembre). - - Le gouverneur de Kafr al-Shaykh, majorgénéral Gamâl Nûr al-Dîn, a louangé les responsables et le personnel du musée archéologique pour leur accueil chaleureux des visiteurs. Depuis son inauguration par le président ‘Abd al-Fattâh al-Sîsî il y quarante jours, le musée archéologique de Kafr alShaykh a reçu plus de 20 000 visiteurs : habitants du gouvernorat, élèves et étudiants universitaires. (Magdî Abû al-‘Aynayn, « Le musée de Kafr al-Shaykh a reçu plus de 20 000 visiteurs en 40 jours », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 11 décembre 2020). - 205 Décembre 2020 Le directeur général du musée national d’Alexandrie, Dr Bâsim Ibrâhîm, a annoncé la mise en place d’un plan urgent pour restaurer et moderniser les vitrines d’exposition et les systèmes d’éclairage et de sécurité. Les 1 366 pièces antiques du musée font l’objet de travaux de maintenance, de stérilisation et de restauration. L’équipe d’archéologues et de restaurateurs du musée inspecte quotidiennement les 33 vitrines d’exposition, afin d’intervenir immédiatement en cas de problème. (Ragab Ramadân, « Plan urgent de modernisation du musée national d’Alexandrie », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 11 décembre 2020). - working in the South al-‘Asâsîf archaeological burial ground. He pointed out that the special exhibition will continue until next June, and that the pyramidion is very beautiful, as its four sides are decorated with engraved scenes; a person in a devotional position in front of the god Osir, the god Rê-Horakhty with a boat beside him, the god Anubis lying down and above him is the sun, and a boat with the god Atum. This is in addition to the remains of hieroglyphics. The pyramidion is about 40 cm high, 27 cm wide and 33 cm long. - Samedi 12 décembre 2020 The Luxor Museum, in cooperation with the joint Egyptian-American mission, is holding a temporary exhibition on Saturday for one of its artefacts, coinciding with the celebration of the 45th anniversary of its opening. Dr. al-Minshâwî said that this exhibition is accompanied by an illustrative painting depicting al-‘Asâsîf archaeological site and the burial ground in which the pyramidion was found. In addition to a detailed explanation of the site, which raises awareness among Egyptians on the importance of their cultural heritage and its preservation. It is worth noting that the Luxor Museum includes about 3000 prehistoric artefacts, and sheds light on the late period up to the Islamic era. One of the most important halls of the museum is the cachette hall, and on September 12, 1991 it was converted into an exhibition gallery for the artefacts discovered in the cache of the Luxor Temple in 1989. Dr. ‘Alâ’ al-Minshâwî, director of Luxor Museum, explained that this exhibition includes only one piece, which is a pyramidion of sandstone which is a result of the joint Egyptian-American archaeological mission BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Among the museum exhibits is the statue of the god Sobek and King Amenhotep III, which was found in 1967 in a burial shaft at the bottom of a canal in Armant, Luxor. (“Egypt’s Luxor Museum holds temporary exhibition on 206 Décembre 2020 Saturday for one of its artefacts”, Egypt Today, December 12, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Le musée de Louqsor célèbre son 45e anniversaire », alMasrî al-Yawm, 12 décembre ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le musée de Louqsor organise une exposition temporaire à l’occasion de son 45e anniversaire », Sada al-Balad, 12 décembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Le musée de Louqsor organise une exposition archéologique temporaire », al-Wafd, 12 décembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le musée de Louqsor organise une exposition archéologique temporaire en coopération avec la mission égypto-américaine », Watanî, 12 décembre ; “Luxor Museum of Ancient Egyptian Art celebrates 45th anniversary”, Daily News Egypt, December 14). - They will be present to supervise the implementation of the set technical and security measures. Coordination between the state agencies to ensure the safety of the artefacts leaving Egypt. Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, indicated that the process of packing and transporting these artefacts was carried out with efficiency and in accordance with scientific and technical standards used in the packing and transport of antiquities. An exhibition of Islamic antiquities titled “Towards the mosque" is going to be held in the Ithrâ’ museum in Dhahran, In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as part of the cultural cooperation agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He pointed out that the artefacts selected to participate in the exhibition are 84 artefacts from the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, related to mosques; such as pulpits, niches, and Holy Quran chairs. The artefacts that are scheduled to participate in the exhibition have been transferred to be displayed in the Islamic Civilization Hall (Kunooz) where the exhibition will be held. A group of archaeologists and restorers from the Supreme Council of Antiquities and an Egyptian police officer accompanied the artefacts. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 207 Décembre 2020 In addition to lighting tools such as chandeliers, skirts, candlesticks and other pieces of various shapes and styles showcasing artists creativity in different eras. Mu’min ‘Uthmân, Head of the Museums Sector at the Supreme Council of Antiquities, explained that the exhibition "Towards the Mosque" deals with the origin and history of the mosque through 130 artefacts from various parts of the Islamic world. bénéficié d’un tour guidé afin de découvrir les collections archéologiques. Les dessins réalisés seront exposés et donneront lieu à un concours. (Muhammad al-Samkûrî, « Le musée de Louqsor organise un atelier de dessin », alMasrî al-Yawm, 12 décembre 2020). - - It sheds light on the masterpieces of Islamic art that have been associated with mosques, which in turn reflect the progress and prosperity of Islamic civilization and arts. He added that the museum in which the exhibition will be held includes four galleries, which are arts, generations, treasures and trips, and the "treasures" exhibition gallery has been devoted to telling a comprehensive story of the different aspects of the Islamic civilization, its arts and values through he selected artefacts. (“Egypt participates with 84 Islamic artefacts in “Towards the mosque" in Saudi Arabia”, Egypt Today, December 12, 2020. Voir également Muhammad alIskandarânî, « 84 pièces islamiques égyptiennes exposées en Arabie Saoudite », Sada al-Balad, 10 décembre ; Mahâ Salâh, « 84 pièces antiques quittent l’Égypte pour participer à une exposition en Arabie Saoudite », al-Dustûr, 10 décembre ; Amal Gamâl, « Coopération archéologique entre l’Égypte et l’Arabie Saoudite », Watanî, 10 décembre). - - Le musée de Louqsor a organisé un atelier de dessin dans ses salles d’exposition pour les élèves des écoles. Ceux-ci ont également BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 For the third year in a row, the discoveries of Saqqâra archaeological site is on the list of the top 10 most important discoveries of the year, according to the American Archaeology Magazine. The colourful Saqqâra coffins, which were discovered and announced by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in mid-November, are among the top 10 most important archaeological discoveries for the year 2020. They are classified among the most attractive discoveries this year, and a picture of one of these coffins is placed on the cover of the magazine for the January-February 2021 edition. Dr. Mustafa Wazîrî, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities and head of the archaeological mission that made this archaeological discovery, that was announced during an international press conference at Saqqâra necropolis, said that the mission succeeded in uncovering more than 100 coloured wooden and sealed coffins containing mummies in good condition of preservation and that they are almost 2,500 years old. (“Colourful coffins of Saqqâra among the 10 most important archaeological 208 Décembre 2020 discoveries of 2020”, Egypt Today, December 12, 2020. Voir également MENA, « Les sarcophages de Saqqâra classés parmi les 10 plus importantes découvertes archéologiques en 2020 », al-Ahrâm, 10 décembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Les sarcophages colorés de Saqqâra classés parmi les 10 plus importantes découvertes archéologiques en 2020 », Sada al-Balad, 10 décembre ; Mahâ Salâh, « Une revue américaine classe les sarcophages de Saqqâra classés parmi les 10 plus importantes découvertes archéologiques en 2020 », al-Dustûr, 10 décembre). - The General Supervisor of GEM prepared the design of the friendship symbol, a shape that merge a symbol shared by both Egyptian and Japanese civilisations, the sun disk with the unique facade of GEM. Following endorsement of the design by the board, the promotional plan was put into action. - Le secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Dr Mustafa Wazîrî, a pris la décision n° 5446/2020 visant à former deux commissions chargées de photographier, d’enregistrer et de documenter le montage des talatates entreposés dans les magasins d’al-Ashmûnayn. (Sa‘îd Nâfi‘, « Photographie et documentation des pièces archéologiques entreposées dans les magasins d’alAshmûnayn », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 12 décembre 2020). - from initial process steps to the promotional plan, final design and approval. - In the framework of continuous communication and cooperation a joint proposal between the Egyptian Embassy in Japan (under the direction of Ambassador Ayman Kâmil) and Grand Egyptian Museum Project (under the direction of Major General ‘Âtif Muftâh, the General Supervisor of the GEM Project and Surrounding Area) was undertaken. They proposed an idea to promote GEM before the official opening by creating a symbol of friendship which will be sponsored and marketed by the Egyptian Embassy in Japan through magazines as an innovative way of encouraging people in Japan to visit Egypt and GEM. The idea was presented to the museum’s Board of Directors and was made supported BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 It was agreed that Egypt International Station magazine, headquartered in Japan under the direction of editor-in-chief Mr. ‘Abd al-Rahmân Yûnis, would implement the promotional campaign. The magazine participated in a competition in which 475 magazines from all over Japan took part. The Egyptian-Japanese Symbol of Friendship won first prize for its distinguished design and the associated promotional campaign. A triumph as this is one of the most important prizes awarded by the Japan Tourism Authority. (Angy Essam, “EgyptianJapanese symbol of friendship to promote Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, December 12, 2020). - - 209 Décembre 2020 Dimanche 13 décembre 2020 The discovered artefacts - ET Prospectors in Cyprus discovered a series of exciting discoveries, including artefacts dating back 3,500 years, during the Bronze Age. The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo launched Sunday, the Eighth Annual Forum in cooperation with the Egyptian Arabesque Association entitled "Architectural and Decorative Aesthetics in Historic Cairo". The forum will be attended by the Faculties of Tourism, Archaeology, Fine and Applied Arts, and a large number of civil society organizations, in addition to the General Authority for Cultural Palaces, and the handicraft room. This year’s forum carries a call to develop a comprehensive atlas of the Egyptian capital as a historical record for generations, especially since Ancient Cairo is almost one of the few cities in the world that is considered an "open museum" in terms of decoration and aesthetics in its architecture and buildings to be unique from other cities in its aesthetics. It combines all styles of architectural aesthetics from all eras, to reflect in its details all the cultures that have passed through its long history. This uniqueness did not come from emptiness, but rather the result of long creativity by artists who put in their buildings the juice of their creativity and visions. This is relayed in paintings on the walls and façades of its buildings, halls, mosques, palaces, pathways, and the homes of the elite in Cairo’s society at all times. (“Egypt’s Museum of Islamic Art launches 8th Annual Forum on Dec. 13”, Egypt Today, December 13, 2020). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The artefacts include a vessel used as a funerary body, a seal with cuneiform symbols and a scarab with ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic letters. Professors Peter Fischer and Teresa Borg from the University of Gothenburg talked about the Swedish archaeological project "Soderberg’s Journey" to explore the Bronze Age city of Hala Sultan Tekke on the west bank of the salt lake Larnaca in Cyprus. The ancient city is located on the salt lake of Larnaca, near the airport, after it was abandoned around 1150 BC. In 2017, surveys indicated that underground cavities in the eastern region of the city have corridors leading to the burial chambers, according to ancient-origins. The expedition uncovered 52 human skeletons and took DNA samples from the skeleton of a 30-40-year-old woman with a decorated ivory button on her chest. Numerous graves have been discovered in cemeteries, including "the only complete ships known from Greece from about 1350 BC" depicted with detailed scenes of horsedrawn tanks and people wielding swords. Moreover, a cuneiform seal from Babylon dating back to 1800 BC has been found with a rare scarab from Egypt dating back to 1350 BC. (Mustafa Marie, “3,500-year-old Egyptian scarab discovered in a cemetery in Cyprus”, Egypt Today, December 13, 2020). - 210 Décembre 2020 Lundi 14 décembre 2020 Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî (R) with renowned archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs in one of the burying wells - Photo via Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities In the early hours of December 14, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, accompanied by renowned archaeologist Zâhî Hawwâs and General Secretary of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî, inspected the excavations of the Egyptian archaeological mission working next to the Pyramid of King Teti I in the Saqqâra Antiquities area headed by Hawwâs, which resulted in the discovery of burial wells containing coffins and huge archaeological finds from the New Kingdom era. Hawwâs confirmed that this discovery, which will be announced early next year, will shed light on a part of the history of Saqqâra that we do not know much about, and will also unveil the secrets of the cemeteries of the 18th and 19th Dynasties in the Saqqâra antiquities area. expressing his pride in the unique Egyptian civilization and that all these discoveries were made by pure Egyptian hands. (“New archaeological discovery in Saqqâra to be announced early 2021”, Egypt Today, December 14, 2020. Voir également Gum‘a Hamd Allah, « Zâhî Hawwâs : Annonce d’une découverte archéologique à Saqqâra en janvier 2021 », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 5 décembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Zâhî Hawwâs : Annonce en janvier 2021 d’une nouvelle découverte archéologique à Saqqâra », Sada al-Balad, 5 décembre ; Nevine El-Aref, “Top Egyptian officials inspect excavations at Saqqâra Necropolis”, Ahram Online, December 14; Mahâ Salâh, « Annonce début 2021 d’une nouvelle découverte archéologique à Saqqâra », al-Dustûr, 14 décembre). - - Mardi 15 décembre 2020 Egypt’s Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) is ensuring the safety of all employees and providing them with support when dealing with the global pandemic. A booklet has been issued by the museum entitled ‘We Have Never Stopped: In the Face of Corona’ to document all the precautionary measures that have been taken since March 2020. The contents cover museum directives on how to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic that will also serve as a strong foundation for workers dealing with future outbreaks. These guidelines have allowed the museum to achieve a balance between the health and safety of the staff while sustaining continued work essential for the project’s success. al-‘Inânî, Wazîrî and Hawwâs during the visit to the Saqqâra Archaeological Area on Dec. 14 - Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities Moreover, al-‘Inânî was keen to enter one of the burial wells that was found along with Hawwâs and Wazîrî, to inspect it. al-‘Inânî also thanked Hawwâs and the work team for the massive efforts they are exerting, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The work has been never stopped as all strive to complete this great institution, which is the dream of every lover of the Egyptian civilisation and its heritage. (Angy Essam, “Egypt’s GEM issues ‘We Have Never Stopped: In the Face of Corona’ booklet”, Egypt Today, December 15, 2020). 211 Décembre 2020 - - Gayer-Anderson Museum in Cairo has hosted an art exhibition for children, entitled “Creativity under Corona Lockdown.” In cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Rabâb Taha Art Hub organised the exhibition which will be running until 17 December. “This is the children’s first exhibition; and also, the first children’s exhibition hosted by the Gayer-Anderson Museum,” Taha added. She explained that she chose this location to highlight the importance of arts as a key component of civilization; and also, to create a sense of pride in the children and develop their identity and their connection to their homeland. (“Gayer-Anderson Museum hosts art exhibition for children”, Daily News Egypt, December 15, 2020. Voir également “Gayer Anderson Museum hosts “Creativity in the Time of COVID-19” children’s exhibition”, Egypt Today, December 15). - - Inspired by the hardships of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 15 children aged between 5-11 have participated in the exhibition with 65 portraits, using pastel colours. The exhibition aims to help children express their creativity and imagination without any boundaries. The exhibition’s organiser, Rabâb Taha, said, “The lockdown was very hard on everyone, and especially on the children, who were deprived of their normal outdoor activities. Nevertheless, the children did not lose their enthusiasm to express their creativity, and continued to paint portraits, as they all hoped to finish them in time for the exhibition.” After Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî’s decree to form the board of directors of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization headed by the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, the first meeting of the museum’s board of directors was held on December 14 at the museum’s headquarters in Fustât, in the presence of all council members. al-‘Inânî began the meeting by reviewing the museum’s assets that made it an independent entity in accordance with Law No. 10 of 2020, which was issued on February 20 to establish the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization as an economic public authority, indicating that this museum will not only be an archaeological museum, but an integrated cultural, entertainment and civilizational organization. The museum tells the story of the different aspects of the Egyptian civilization since the dawn of history; starting from prehistoric times to the Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Coptic and BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 212 Décembre 2020 Islamic eras, showcasing the impressive heritage of the Egyptian civilization. During the meeting, the CEO of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization made a presentation to introduce the project to establish the museum, review the law establishing the museum’s authority, and the Prime Minister’s decree to form its board of directors. Also during the meeting, many important topics were discussed, including preparations for the opening of the museum and proposals for the usage of the service area in it, in addition to setting the opening and closing times for the museum, the fees for visiting restoration laboratories, and the fees for the parking for tourist buses and cars. It was agreed to hold a monthly meeting for the museum’s board of directors to follow up on what has been implemented and discuss any developments related to the museum. It was recommended to submit a proposal for the museum’s organizational structure and a proposal for its financial and administrative regulations. It is worth noting that the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization is considered one of the most important projects adopted by the Egyptian state and is carried out in cooperation with UNESCO, to become one of the largest museums of civilization in Egypt and the Middle East. (“1st meeting of NMEC Board of Directors held on Dec. 14”, Egypt Today, December 15, 2020. Voir également ‘Umar al-Mahdî, « Ière réunion du conseil d’administration du NMEC », al-Ahrâm, 14 décembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Le ministre du Tourisme préside la Ière réunion du conseil d’administration du NMEC », al-Masrî alYawm, 14 décembre ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le conseil d’administration du NMEC tient sa Ière réunion », Sada al-Balad, 14 décembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « al-‘Inânî préside la Ière réunion du conseil d’administration du NMEC », al-Wafd, 14 décembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le ministre du Tourisme préside la Ière réunion du conseil BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 d’administration du NMEC », Watanî, 15 décembre). - - Mercredi 16 décembre 2020 The cigar box that hid the Egyptian relic in Aberdeen University for over 7 decades - Photo via Aberdeen University, Scotland An ancient Egyptian artefact belonging to the Queen’s Chamber of the Great Gîza Pyramids, that have been lost for decades, was found in Aberdeen. The artefact spans back to an era long before the construction of the Great Pyramids, between approximately 3341 and 3094 BC. Academics exposed on Wednesday, that in Scotland, a university worker found the missing 5,000-year-old Egyptian artefact, unrevealed among archives. As she looked through the Asian section of archives of the University of Aberdeen, ‘Abîr al-‘Adanî, a curatorial assistant, discovered a tiny piece of wood inside a cigar box embellished with an Egyptian flag. The wood is now broken into numerous pieces - Photo via University of Aberdeen "Once I looked into the numbers in our Egypt records, I instantly knew what it was, and that it had effectively been hidden in plain sight in the wrong collection," said al-‘Adanî, who is an Egyptian. 213 Décembre 2020 "I’m an archaeologist and have worked on digs in Egypt, but I never imagined it would be here in north-east Scotland that I’d find something so important to the heritage of my own country." In 1872, the 12.7 cm piece of cedar-wood, is one of three items discovered in the Queen’s Chamber of the Gîza Pyramids. That is in addition to the discovery of a bronze hook and a ball, which is currently housed in the British Museum in the English capital, London. Christie’s International Auction House in London is preparing to present the "Antiques" auction, which includes a large number of Egyptian and Roman antiquities for sale. The auction is set to take place on December 16. In the following lines, ET sheds light on the Egyptian antiquities that will be held for sale during the auction. Engineer Waynman Dixon was the one who discovered the wood, and later gave it to Dr. James Grant, a graduate of the university, who embarked to a trip to Egypt in the mid-1860s to treat cholera patients. The object was donated to the university, clarifies the records. It is believed that it may have been used in the construction of the Pyramids. The item was never categorized, and was missing for almost seven decades until it was discovered by the Egyptian, ‘Abîr al-‘Adanî on December 16, 2020, by pure chance. It is worth noting that the three discovered objects were labelled the “Dixon Relics”. "This discovery will certainly reignite interest in the Dixon relics and how they can shed light on the Great Pyramids," said Neil Curtis, head of museums and special collections at the University of Aberdeen. (Mustafa Marie, “Cigar box in Aberdeen hid 5000-year-old Egyptian artefact for over 7 decades”, Egypt Today, December 16, 2020. Voir également Gubrân Muhammad, « Découverte à l’université d’Aberdeen d’une pièce antique cachée dans une boîte à cigares », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 16 décembre ; Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Une chercheuse égyptienne découvre fortuitement une pièce en bois de l’époque de Chéops », al-Shurûq, 16 décembre ; Ahmad Mansûr, « Découverte d’une pièce antique dans une boîte à cigares en Écosse », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 17 décembre). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 One of the Egyptian antiquities held for sale in Christie’s Auction House - ET 1- An Egyptian half-statue made of yellow limestone spanning back to the Middle Kingdom, dating from 2046 - 1794 BC. The statue is estimated to cost between £25,000 and £35,000. One of the Egyptian antiquities held for sale in Christie’s Auction House - ET 214 Décembre 2020 2- An Egyptian female model, from the Middle Kingdom, dating from 1976 - 1793 BC, its price is between £10,000 and £15,000. One of the Egyptian antiquities held for sale in Christie’s Auction House - ET One of the Egyptian antiquities held for sale in Christie’s Auction House - ET 3- An Egyptian white slab with a bird, spanning back to the era of the New Kingdom, dating back between 1292 - 1069 BC. Its price is estimated at £7,000 to £9,000. 5- An Egyptian bronze cat statue, dating back between 332-30 BC. Its price is between £15,000 and £25,000. One of the Egyptian antiquities held for sale in Christie’s Auction House - ET One of the Egyptian antiquities held for sale in Christie’s Auction House - ET 4- An Egyptian symbolic statue of the princess of Amarna in the New Kingdom during the reign of Akhenaten, dating from 1347 - 1345 BC. Its price ranges between £400,000 and £600,000. 6- A bronze statue of Osiris, in the late period of Psamtik I’s reign, dating from 664610 BC, and its price ranges between £80,000 to £120,000. (Mustafa Marie, “Christie’s Auction House holds auction for Egyptian, Roman antiquities on Dec. 16”, Egypt Today, December 16, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Enchères de pièces archéologiques égyptiennes organisées demain à Londres par Christie’s », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 15 décembre). - - Vendredi 18 décembre 2020 Dr. Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, held a meeting at the National BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 215 Décembre 2020 Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, with representatives of the ministries of Defence, Interior, Security agencies, the Supreme Council of Antiquities, and the company organizing the transfer of the royal mummies from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Fustât, in order to follow up the necessary procedures and final touches for the transfer process. Nevine al-Kabbâg, Minister of Social Solidarity, and endurance sports professional and goodwill ambassador for Arab countries in the United Nations Development Program, Michael Haddad, and Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn, Director General of the Pyramids area. Dr. Khâlid al-‘Inânî expressed his happiness that this walk took place at the Gîza Pyramids. He said that it’s a message from one of the most important global cultural heritage landmarks, to emphasize Egypt’s support to inclusive tourism, making its landmarks accessible to everyone without any barriers. He added “we strive to achieve this as it’s our social responsibility and a commitment to all Egyptians and foreigners, to enjoy the oldest and most ancient civilization in the world.” During the meeting, the procedures for organizing the traffic on the route of the royal mummies parade from the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization were discussed. The meeting also discussed the details of the vehicles that will be used in transportation and some technical issues that must be available during the transport, in order to hold a big majestic global event that is worthy of the grandeur of our ancestors and the unique ancient Egyptian civilization. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities discusses final preparations for Royal Mummies Parade”, Egypt Today, December 18, 2020. Voir également “Sneak-Peak on current location of Egypt’s Royal Mummies in preparation of Royal Parade”, Egypt Today, December 10). - - The Pyramids of Gîza hosted “Egypt walk for inclusion”, where fifty disabled Egyptian athletes and children participated. This walk is organized to promote the importance of public inclusion of people with disabilities in Egypt, using assistive technologies. During the walk, the athletes and children were accompanied by Dr. Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, Dr. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Minister of Tourism and Antiquities talked about the ministry’s efforts to make all archaeological sites and museums accessible to people with special abilities, as all necessary means are provided to allow a comfortable visit for them. The walk, which was organized by the United Nations Development Program and the Egyptian Sports Federation for Mental Disabilities, under the auspices of the Ministry of Youth and Sports in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, contributes to raising awareness of the importance of providing appropriate assistive technologies in order to empower people with disabilities by supporting their independence and self-reliance. Rândâ Abû al-Hasan, Representative of the United Nations Development Program in Egypt, said: “Through the 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development goals resulting from it, all world leaders promised to make all places inclusive and that development leaves no one behind.” “The assistive technologies that facilitate the lives of people with disabilities and their participation in their societies enhances an important role in achieving that promise”, she added “We are pleased to cooperate with all 216 Décembre 2020 relevant authorities to support efforts aimed at providing appropriate assistive technologies for all, developing them and producing them locally". People with disabilities, represent 10-15% of the world’s population with more than a billion people, about 12 million of them live in Egypt, depend on assistive technologies of various kinds to help them perform basic functions in their daily lives that may be difficult or sometimes seem impossible. It ranges from simple technologies such as movement aids from crutches and wheelchairs to advanced technologies of assistive devices for hearing, vision, speech and memory via computer and mobile phones, artificial limbs and state-of-the-art electronic and mechanical prosthetic devices. Michael Haddad said that he was honoured today to participate with his fellow Egyptian athletes. He added “Let us send together a message of hope and determination to work tirelessly to promote the full participation of people with disabilities in Egypt and the Arab region, and the whole world in all walks of life on an equal footing and without barriers.” He said “I would not have started this endeavour from anywhere else except from Egypt, cradle of the world, which has a special place in my heart, and in the hearts of many people in the Middle east and the whole world.” Egypt’s walk for Inclusion for People with Disabilities is the first in which Michael Haddad takes part outside of his country, Lebanon in a series of walks he seeks to accomplish in several countries as part of his initiative "Steps to Overcome the Covid Pandemic". It aims to raise awareness and mobilize resources to help mitigate the effects and negative impact of the pandemic on one of the most affected groups — people with disabilities — and the call for an inclusive recovery for all after the pandemic, as part of his role as a regional ambassador of goodwill BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 for climate action in the United Nations Development Program. (“Egypt’s Gîza Pyramids hosts ‘Egypt Walk for Inclusion” with the participation of fifty disabled”, Egypt Today, December 18, 2020). - - Samedi 19 décembre 2020 Au cours du projet Qubbat al-Hawâ, dirigé par l’Universidad de Jaén (UJA) à Aswân, auquel participent des scientifiques de l’Universidad de Granada (UGR), des chercheurs ont trouvé des preuves du traitement gynécologique le plus ancien jamais enregistré, effectué sur une femme qui a vécu dans l’Égypte ancienne, il y a environ 4 000 ans et est décédée en 1878–1797 avant J.-C. Lors de la fouille menée à Qubbat alHawâ en 2017, des chercheurs andalous ont trouvé un puits vertical creusé dans la roche de la tombe QH34, menant à une chambre funéraire contenant dix squelettes intacts. Les techniques de momification n’étaient pas très efficaces à cette époque, du moins sur ce site de Haute-Égypte. Cependant, les personnes qui y sont enterrées appartenaient généralement aux classes supérieures de la société ; ce qui signifie qu’elles auraient reçu une attention particulière. Ces momies particulières sont très bien conservées et sont enveloppées dans d’épaisses couches de bandes de lin, portant parfois des restes de tissus mous séchés. « Les momies avaient des objets funéraires (généralement des colliers de différents types). Dans certains cas, leurs visages étaient couverts de masques de cartonnage. Ils ont été conservés à l’intérieur de deux sarcophages rectangulaires, l’un à l’intérieur de l’autre. Ceux-ci comportaient des inscriptions hiéroglyphiques et étaient généralement gravement endommagés en raison d’une infestation de termites », explique Miguel Botella, anthropologue légiste et professeur émérite à l’UGR, qui a mené les analyses. L’une des momies fouillées par l’équipe d’anthropologues a peut-être été la dernière à 217 Décembre 2020 être enterrée dans la chambre. Elle appartenait à une femme de haute classe sociale, dont le nom, Sattjeni, a été conservé dans les restes du cercueil extérieur. Entre ses jambes bandées, dans la partie inférieure du bassin et sous les enveloppes de lin, les chercheurs ont trouvé un bol en céramique avec des traces d’utilisation, contenant des restes organiques carbonisés. L’analyse des restes squelettiques a été réalisée par une équipe d’anthropologues de l’UGR. Elle a confirmé que la femme avait survécu à une grave fracture du bassin, peutêtre causée par une chute, qui a dû provoquer de fortes douleurs. Il est fort probable que la femme ait été traitée par fumigation, comme décrit dans les papyrus médicaux de l’époque décrivant des solutions aux problèmes gynécologiques. « La caractéristique la plus intéressante de la découverte faite par les chercheurs de l’Universidad de Jaén n’est pas seulement la documentation d’un traitement gynécologique palliatif, quelque chose d’assez unique dans l’archéologie égyptienne, mais aussi le fait que ce type de traitement par fumigation ait été décrit dans les papyrus médicaux contemporains. Mais, jusqu’à présent, aucune preuve n’avait été trouvée pour prouver qu’un tel traitement était effectivement effectué », explique le Dr Alejandro Jiménez de l’UJA, expert en égyptologie et directeur du projet Qubbat al-Hawâ. (Basant Gamîl, « Preuve d’un traitement gynécologique vieux de 4 000 ans », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 19 décembre 2020). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Des chercheurs ont tenté de trouver un moyen de cartographier les origines des matériaux de momification égyptiens antiques, y compris la substance qui cause la couleur noire profonde de la peau de nombreuses momies, mais l’étude ne mentionne pas si ces Égyptiens avaient une peau naturellement foncée ou non ? Selon l’analyse high-tech la plus récente, la peau d’un noir profond de nombreuses momies égyptiennes ne provient pas uniquement du goudron. Une équipe de chercheurs français a récemment publié un nouvel article de recherche dans ACS Analytical Chemistry sur une nouvelle méthode autre que la pénétration de l’analyse de la peau en se concentrant sur « le bitume d’embaumement » qui donne aux momies leur peau plus foncée. Le prof. K.A. Clark de l’University of Bristol a déclaré que la momification était pratiquée dans l’Égypte ancienne pendant plus de 3 000 ans. Les chercheurs ont découvert que l’utilisation d’analgésiques organiques était un précurseur ultérieur des coutumes funéraires, rendues nécessaires par des environnements funéraires plus humides, en particulier dans les cimetières souterrains. L’équipe française a analysé 39 momies datant de 3 200 avant J.-C. à 395 après J.-C. et leur étude a montré comment le bitume à base de pétrole (ou asphalte naturel) causait la couleur sombre de la peau égyptienne de nombreuses momies. Ils affirment dans leur étude que « le bitume était utilisé dans 50 % des momies du Nouvel Empire, et il est passé à 87 % des momies de la période ptolémaïque ». Ils ont conclu que l’application de l’analgésique brun foncé/noir sur les corps « était délibérée après le Nouvel Empire, reflétant l’évolution des 218 Décembre 2020 croyances funéraires l’idéologie religieuse ». et l’évolution de Le matériau d’embaumement utilisé par les anciens Égyptiens était un mélange complexe de composés naturels tels que « la gomme de sucre, la cire d’abeille, les graisses, les résines de conifères et des quantités variables de bitume ». Le bitume est connu sous le nom d’asphalte, ou goudron en général, et est une forme très visqueuse d’huile noire fabriquée à partir de plantes et d’algues fossiles. (Basant Gamîl, « Peut-on identifier la couleur de la peau des momies égyptiennes ? », al-Yawm alSâbi‘, 19 décembre 2020). - - Dimanche 20 décembre 2020 the cultural knowledge of the trainees through field visits to enhance their Egyptian identity. (“Kom al-Shuqâfa, Alexandria National Museum receives trainee’s delegation from Presidential Leadership Program”, Egypt Today, December 20, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Le musée national d’Alexandrie organise un stage de formation », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 décembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Kom al-Shuqâfa et le musée national d’Alexandrie organisent un stage de formation », Sada al-Balad, 20 décembre). - - The Egyptian Textile Museum is located on al-Mu’izz Street, specifically near the Bayn alQasrayn neighbourhood. It was known as Sabîl Muhammad ‘Alî. After the completion of the development of al-Mu’izz Street, the place turned into a textile museum. It houses treasures of threads, secrets and tales on pieces of fabric. Recently, the Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities decided to transfer the Textile Museum from its current headquarters on alMu’izz Street to the Civilization Museum temporarily, until the building is restored. Kom al-Shuqâfa and Alexandria National Museum received a delegation of trainees from the Presidential Leadership Program, as part of the field visits program planned to develop their cultural knowledge. Director of Alexandria Antiquities Zone Khâlid Abû al-Hamd said that during the tour, the trainees listened to a detailed explanation of the history of the ancient tombs of Kom alShuqâfa and the two al-Wardyân tombs, which in their architectural design art, combine ancient Roman and Egyptian styles. They also learned about the most important unique artefacts in the Alexandria National Museum. The also delegation took photos of their visit. It is worth noting that the Presidential Leadership Program for training executives aims to build leadership models and includes in its design a special program for developing BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 This is because Khâlid al-‘Inânî, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, received a report on the technical condition of the Textile Museum building. The report emphasized the seriousness of the museum’s construction situation and the need to take a decision regarding it. Also, this damage can affect rare artefacts and visitors. Ashraf Abû al-Yazîd, director general of the Textile Museum, and a specialist in ancient and prehistoric Egyptian antiquities, said that all the museum’s holdings have been transferred to the place designated for it within the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, and at the present time the new display scenario is being implemented in its new location. Abû al-Yazîd further stated in press statements that the number of the Textile Museum’s holdings that have been transferred 219 Décembre 2020 to the National Museum Civilization is 1000 artefacts. of Egyptian Five hundred pieces were displayed in the Textile Museum, while the rest were preserved inside stores. However, all the museum’s holdings were transferred. Director of the Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq said the restoration of the 6,000-year-old mural comes as part of the first stage of development of the museum which is financed by the EU in cooperation with a consortium comprising five European museums. In the Egyptian Textile Museum, behind each piece, you find an ancient archaeological story, expressing a specific period of ancient Egyptian history. Each era had its own peculiarities in its clothes, and therefore the visitor will see within the halls of the museum a difference in the types of weaving, which were found through archaeological discoveries, all of which are unique holdings that were distributed among the various museums in Egypt, but after the decision to allocate a museum for textiles was made all these artefacts were collected and housed inside the Egyptian Textile Museum. Among the museum’s holdings are a large number of paintings that illustrate the basic features of the textile industry, in addition to the methods used by the ancient Egyptian to clean clothes. The museum also contains a large collection of children’s clothes during the era of the Pharaohs. The contents of the museum are made of linen and cotton, which is a manifestation of the ancient Egyptian era, which demonstrates the Egyptian skill in making clothes, dyeing colours and embroidery. (Mustafa Marie, “Was Egypt’s Textile Museum’s holdings transferred to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization?”, Egypt Today, December 20, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Transfert des collections du musée des Textiles égyptiens vers le NMEC », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 20 décembre). - - Antiquities experts from the Egyptian and British museums are working hand in hand to restore an eye-popping colourful mural that was discovered in Kom al-Ahmar excavation side in Qinâ governorate, Upper Egypt, lately. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The mural was moved to the Egyptian museum in 1898 and was restored in early 20th century. It depicts a convoy of ships, one of them has a roof shed shadowing a person who may be the man buried in the cemetery. In the lower left corner, a man appears while suppressing three bound prisoners. Studies showed that the deceased (the owner of the cemetery) was either a ruler or a member of the elite class. (MENA, “Egyptian, British museums restore colourful mural of ancient tomb”, Egypt Today, December 20, 2020. Voir également Hishâm Shawqî, « Restauration d’une paroi de la tombe 100 du Kom al-Ahmar », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 20 décembre ; Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Restauration au Musée Égyptien d’une inscription vieille de 6 000 ans », Sada alBalad, 20 décembre ; Ahmad ‘Uthmân, « Restauration d’une inscription de la tombe 100 du Kom al-Ahmar », al-Wafd, 20 décembre ; Dînâ Sha‘bân, « Restauration de la plus ancienne tombe à Kom al-Ahmar », alShurûq, 20 décembre). - - Lundi 21 décembre 2020 A committee from the Fayyûm Governorate and the governorate’s antiquities area, 220 Décembre 2020 monitored on Monday the solar alignment phenomenon on the Holy of Holies in the Qasr Qârûn Temple. has not yet been opened and weighs 9 tons, in addition to two wooden coffins that are smaller than the main coffin. Due to COVID-19, Fayyûm Governorate cancelled the celebrations for this occasion in the current year, as part of the precautionary measures taken to battle the pandemic. In September, a number of stone sarcophagi, ushabti statues, wooden statues, canopic vessels and amulets were discovered in the al-Ghurayfa area of Tûna al-Gabal. Muhammad al-Tûnî, the official spokesman for Fayyûm Governorate, explained that the celebrations this year will limited to documentation and filming by the Governorate only, noting that the emergence of the second wave of COVID-19 was the reason for cancelling many of the celebrations in the governorate, including the celebration of the Solar alignment phenomenon where the sun rays illuminate Qasr Qârûn Temple. In May, the Egyptian-Spanish archaeological mission to the University of Barcelona, working in the al-Bahnasâ region, reached the discovery of a unique tomb dating back to the El-Sawy era. Qasr Qârûn Temple is located on the southwestern side of Lake Qârûn and dates back to the Greco-Roman period. (“Qasr Qârûn Temple in Fayyûm Governorate witness’s solar alignment phenomenon on Dec. 21”, Egypt Today, December 21, 2020). - - During 2020, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced a set of important archaeological discoveries, which were accomplished through the Egyptian mission. On January 30, the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, announced the first archaeological discovery in 2020 in the alGhurayfa area in Minyâ. The archaeological discovery included 3 tombs in the Mallawî region. One of the tombs was for the Royal Treasurer and holder of the Royal Seal of Lower Egypt. The second is a family cemetery and the third was the tomb of one of the Ashmonite nobles. This discovery is the result of 3 seasons during which 35 graves were discovered. al-‘Inânî pointed out that the family cemetery includes 9 stone coffins and was opened for the first time, where all its personal belongings was found. As for the treasurer’s tomb, al-‘Inânî revealed that it contained a large coffin that BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said the cemetery is unique in its kind and this type has not been discovered before in al-Bahnasâ. In turn, Esther Pons, head of the mission, said that the excavations revealed 8 tombs dating back to the Roman era with a vaulted ceiling and not engraved. Many tombstones dating back to the Roman era were found inside it, in addition to Bronze coins, small crosses, and clay seals. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities also announced the unveiling of a group of stone and wooden coffins and funeral furniture at the site of the sacred animal and bird cemetery in the Saqqâra antiquities area. On October 14, it was announced that 59 coloured wooden coffins closed inside burial wells in the Saqqara antiquities area were revealed at an international press conference in the presence of more than 50 ambassadors. In November, it was announced that more than 100 coloured wooden coffins, 40 wooden statues of the deity Ptah Sokar, a number of ushabti statues, amulets and 4 masks of golden cartonnage were unveiled at an international press conference attended by more than 300 Egyptian and foreign journalists and media professionals. (Mustafa Marie, “2020: Year of Egyptian archaeological discoveries”, Egypt Today, December 21, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « Malgré le coronavirus, 2020 est l’année des découvertes et des inaugurations pour le 221 Décembre 2020 ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 25 décembre). - - In one of the most important astronomical phenomena, the world witnesses the solar alignment phenomenon on the Holy of Holies shrine at Karnak Temple on December 21 of each year. It is a phenomenon that occurs annually to mark the start of the winter solstice. It occurs on December 21 of every year except for this year, when the time of occurrence of the phenomenon changes to December 22. This change occurs every 4 years because of the difference between the number of days in a leap year and a simple year. This day coincides with the beginning of the germination season of the ancient Egyptians, where the crops sprout, the trees are left, the flowers bloom, and the farmers begin the hard work in the fields after the long flood season in which the cranks were idle. The phenomenon begins with the sun infiltrating through the eastern gate of the temple, casting its rays on the main axis of the temple and entering the Holy of Holies, which was the location of the statue of the deity Amun. The sun rays illuminate the Holy of Holies for several minutes, before they are spread inside the holy places at midday. This day the sun is at the farthest corner from the equator, and perpendicular to the Tropic of Capricorn. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 December 21 and 22 are the shortest days during the day, and the longest at night. The sun also illuminates the offering tables set up on the same axis of the temple. This phenomenon was observed in the nineteenth century, but it did not receive any attention until it was focused on recently by archaeologists. Luxor Governorate celebrated this astronomical phenomenon for the first time in 2012. (“In 2020: Sun illuminates Holy of Holies Shrine in Karnak Temple on Dec. 22”, Egypt Today, December 21, 2020. Voir également Mansûr, « Célébrations du solstice d’hiver sur le temple de Karnak », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 21 décembre ; « Solstice d’hiver sur le temple de Karnak aujourd’hui », al-Wafd, 21 décembre ; Amal Gamâl, « Célébrations du solstice d’hiver sur l’axe principal du temple de Karnak », Watanî, 22 décembre). - - Mardi 22 décembre 2020 The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has completed the restoration and development work in the Isis Temple in Aswân, in preparation for its opening soon. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said that restoration work included restoring floors and columns, cleaning the walls from remains of birds and bats, and placing wire windows to prevent the entry of birds again. 222 Décembre 2020 That is in addition to restoring and cleaning the inscriptions at the entrance to the temple’s sanctum, and removing the soot on its ceiling. The drawings and colours on the temple entrance and the side door were also cleaned, and the table of offerings in the Hypostyle Hall went through maintenance. Head of the Egyptian Antiquities Sector at the Supreme Council of Antiquities Ayman al‘Ashmâwî indicated that site development works included making a path for the visit from entering the temple to its end, and developing and installing a modern lighting system that emphasizes the unique aesthetics of the temple without harming it in any way. Director of Aswân and Nubia Antiquities ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd said that during the restoration work at the temple’s sanctum and the hypostyle hall, the Supreme Council of Antiquities found small pottery vessels inside a hole. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 He added that excavations were carried out on the northwest side of the temple’s courtyard which resulted in the discovery of some red brick walls. (“Restoration of Isis Temple in Aswân completed”, Egypt Today, December 22, 2020. Voir également Muhammad al-Iskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie achève les travaux de restauration et de réaménagement du temple d’Isis à Aswân », Sada al-Balad, 22 décembre ; Muhammad ‘Awad, « Achèvement des travaux de restauration et de réaménagement du temple d’Isis à Aswân », Watanî, 22 décembre ; Hishâm Shawqî, « Achèvement des travaux de restauration et de réaménagement du temple d’Isis à Aswân », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 23 décembre). - - Mercredi 23 décembre 2020 Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities To celebrate the 117th anniversary of Prince Muhammad ‘Alî’s Palace in Manyal, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al‘Inânî, is granting Egyptians free entry to the palace on December 24. He is also granting Egyptians free entry to the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo on December 28, on the occasion of the 117th anniversary of the museum’s opening. 223 Décembre 2020 A number of archaeologists will be present to explain the artefacts to visitors. All hygiene safety and precautionary measures will be implemented. Prince Muhammad ‘Alî Tawfîq established this palace as a revival of and reverence for Islamic arts, according to what is written on the founding text of the palace above the main entrance. Prince Muhammad ‘Alî was also known for collecting antiques and valuable collectibles, and he had an eye for such artefacts. He had a team whose mission was to always search for rare artefacts and bring them to the prince to display them in his palace and museum of al-Manyal. Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities This comes as part of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities’ efforts in promoting domestic tourism and encourage Egyptians to visit museums and archaeological sites, and raise tourism and archaeological awareness. Director of Manyal Palace Walâ’ Badawî said that on the occasion of the 117th anniversary of the inauguration of the Palace, an art exhibition of oil paintings will be held in the main hall, highlighting the 40 years it took to construct the palace. The prince was characterized by being knowledgeable, lover of science, so he was famous throughout his life for his travels and trips around the Arab world and Europe as a researcher . He died in 1955 AD. (“Prince Muhammad ‘Alî Palace in Manyal, Museum of Islamic Art celebrate their 117th anniversary on December 24, 28”, Egypt Today, December 23, 2020. Voir également Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Accès gratuit au palais Muhammad ‘Alî de Manyal à l’occasion de son 117e anniversaire », Sada al-Balad, 22 décembre ; Fâtin Ghallâb, « Accès gratuit au palais Muhammad ‘Alî et au musée d’Art islamique pour les visiteurs égyptiens », alDustûr, 22 décembre). - - Jeudi 24 décembre 2020 Photo via Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The Egyptian state pays great attention to the development of archaeological areas and museums, which bear the fragrance of the ancient Egyptian history. Among those sites is the development of Cairo Citadel Aqueduct or Mamluk Aqueduct. 224 Décembre 2020 The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities continues the work of developing and restoring the wall and the region on an ongoing basis to complete them according to the timetable set for 2021. This is within the framework of the ministry’s project to restore the historic wall and the surrounding area. (…) The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has prepared a plan to develop the wall, which includes the transfer of the occupants of the areas surrounding the wall from workshops, factories and units located in the Citadel Aqueduct area, taking all necessary measures to approve the development plan and end all approvals and permits for that, in addition to preparing the main facilities necessary for the project on the borders of the aforementioned development area and providing the necessary sums of money to compensate the occupants of the workshops, factories and units located in the area. axis, to confirm the historical continuity of Historic Cairo, and allow for the first time to enjoy more than 313 monuments recorded in the area of Historic Cairo. This is in addition to working to strengthen the link between the site and the surrounding historical areas through clean, diverse and integrated public transport systems that allow for more sustainable transportation, such as panoramic electric buses, pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and reduce the need to use private cars in transportation. The general plan for the design idea of the development project also includes the establishment of a culture and art area, which will provide spaces for use as an open theatre, theatres and cinemas, in addition to a museum and exhibitions for plastic arts, a public library, a hall for seminars and conferences, in addition to places designated for folkloric performances, and a center for the kinetic arts, as well as establishing an area for entertainment and tourism services that includes a number of restaurants, open spaces and yards, with a focus on attracting the quality of restaurants that offer traditional Egyptian cuisine, to other Arab and international kitchens. (Mustafa Marie, “Cairo Citadel Aqueduct turns into a tourist attraction”, Egypt Today, December 24, 2020). - - The project aims to develop the Citadel Aqueduct to revive this historical region and re-highlight its cultural splendour, as a new addition to the map of archaeological and tourist destinations in Egypt. The project is part of a comprehensive vision for restoring Cairo as a city of heritage and arts, a center of civilizational and cultural radiation, and a major tourist destination at the level of the regional and global circles. The idea of development is based on creating a linkage axis from north to south linking the geographical space of Historic Cairo with its historical metropolises by supporting the merging of several commercial, crafts, tourism and cultural activities along this BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 On December 23, Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, received at the ministry in Zamâlik, Ambassador Masaki Noke, Ambassador of Japan in Cairo, to discuss strengthening means of cooperation between the two countries in tourism and archaeology during the coming period. 225 Décembre 2020 They also discussed the progress of work in the Grand Egyptian Museum in preparation for its opening, which is scheduled for 2021. The meeting also discussed the possibility of supporting the museum with experts from Japan in various fields in light of the EgyptianJapanese cooperation. The meeting also discussed boosting inbound tourism from Japan to Egypt, especially with the opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. The Japanese ambassador said that Japanese tourists are passionate about cultural tourism and visiting archaeological sites in general and in Egypt in particular. (“Egypt’s Minister of Tourism & Antiquities receives Japanese Ambassador in Cairo”, Egypt Today, December 24, 2020. Voir également Râmî Husayn, « Le ministre du Tourisme reçoit l’ambassadeur du Japon au Caire », al-Dustûr, 23 décembre ; « Le ministre du Tourisme reçoit l’ambassadeur du Japon au Caire », Watanî, 23 décembre). - Preliminary investigations found that the gang members advertised the counterfeit artefacts on social media, claiming them to be originals. The gang used a villa in the Shaykh Zâyid area in 6th of October City, Giza, as a base for their criminal activity. The investigations also uncovered that four customers went to the villa to see some of the offered pieces. A security campaign targeted the villa, and as soon as the forces arrived, they were met with gunfire. The forces were able to control the situation and arrest the aforementioned suspects. The gang was accompanied by eight people as well as a security detail, four of whom also have a criminal history. The exchange of fire resulted in the injury of a suspect while he was trying to escape. He was arrested and transferred to the hospital for aid. - Egypt’s Interior Ministry announced on Thursday that it has successfully arrested a gang specialized in swindling and defrauding the public through the sale of counterfeit artefacts. The gang was allegedly busted while preparing to ship the artefacts outside of Egypt. The country’s Criminal Investigations Department, along with its Tourism and Antiquities Police and National Security Agency identified a gang of five members, two of whom have previous criminal history. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The search of the villa also resulted in the seizure of a large amount of forged foreign currency, huge sums of money, nine statues of different sizes, two air guns, one of which was fitted with a telescope, a large quantity of bullets, and five cars used by members of the gang. When confronted, the suspects confessed to forming a gang. The Interior Ministry appealed to the public to be cautious and not fall victim to fraud, as well as to immediately report any suspicions to the relevant security authorities. (“Egyptian authorities bust fraudulent antiquities 226 Décembre 2020 trafficking ring”, December 24, 2020). - Egypt Independent, - Vendredi 25 décembre 2020 schools network (ASPNet) and Datifa Culture Tours. The tour was part of the community engagement program under the Forever Is Now exhibition, which is scheduled to open on October 23, 2021. The program, organized by Art D’Égypte, aims to involve the Gîza communities that are surrounding the Pyramids archaeological site in the organization of the Forever is Now exhibition. The Egyptian Museum in Tahrîr Square suspended all the cultural and educational activities as of Friday until further notice as a part of the State’s anti-coronavirus plan. Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq, the museum’s director, told MENA today that the museum opens its doors for visitors every day from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, noting that the ticket office will close at 4:15 pm. ‘Abd al-Râziq pointed out that the disinfection process of the museum undergoes every day from 7:00 am before the opening, saying the maximum number of visitors who are present at the same time in the museum had been set to be 200 visitors per hour. She stressed that all anti-coronavirus measures have been taken to ensure the safety of the visitors since their entry and obliging them to wear the facemasks during their tour of the museum. (MENA, “Cultural, educational activities at Egyptian Museum suspended”, Egypt Today, December 25, 2020. Voir également Islâm ‘Abd al-Ma‘bûd, « Suspension des activités dans les musées tout en maintenant les visites à cause du coronavirus », al-Shurûq, 26 décembre). - - Art D’Égypte, which specializes in organizing art and cultural exhibitions, organized a trip to Gîza Pyramids for the students of governmental school in Gîza, in cooperation with the National Commission for UNESCO in Egypt, the UNESCO associated BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Through community engagement, Art D’Égypte seeks to raise the children’s awareness of the value of Egypt’s cultural heritage and their role in protecting it, whilst helping them develop and cultivate new artistic skills. Nadine Abdel Ghaffar, founder of Art D’Égypte, said: “Art D’Égypte had recently announced it will organize community engagement activities throughout the year until the launch of the Forever Is Now exhibition, to raise awareness of the importance of Egyptian heritage. Indeed, we are organized a visit for 80 children aged 1012 years old from the Egyptian public schools to the Pyramids. During the trip, we showed them the area through a new lens to understand its importance. We are also organizing activities that are appropriate for their age, such as distributing colouring books prepared by the artist Hala Saroufim. The Kan Yama Kan book is part of the Misr Helwa wa Teama project, which features stories teaching kids about the ancient Egyptian civilization, advising them on how to safeguard the historical sites and how to preserve our cultural heritage using fun cartoons and Egyptian characters.” (…) On her part, Ghada Abdelbary, Secretary-General of the Egyptian National Committee for UNESCO said: “We are keen to sponsor initiatives of non-governmental and civil society institutions that fall within the policy and strategies of UNESCO. It was out of this belief that we sponsor Art D’Égypte initiative to publish the Misr Helwa Wa Teame colouring book series, which explains, in an 227 Décembre 2020 attractive way to children, the heritage of their Pharaonic civilization. The book highlights one of the important Egyptian sites registered in the World Heritage List, the pyramids area from Gîza to Dahshûr. This activity is consistent with the UNESCO World Heritage Education Program, which was launched as a special project for UNESCO in 1994 with the aim of giving young people the opportunity to participate in protecting their cultural heritage as well as protecting and promoting global heritage.” Joelle Farah, Founder and Managing Director of DATIFA, said: “Since the beginning of our company, our mission has been to raise a generation of Egyptians who are proud of their country and love its history. We plan to work with UNESCO and Art D’Égypte in similar projects again in the future.” Forever Is Now exhibition will be the first time in the 4500-year history of the Gîza Plateau that contemporary artists from all around the world are invited to showcase their work juxtaposed with the monumental backdrop of the Great Pyramids of Gîza. The exhibition shows the deep influence that ancient Egypt had on the world. This influence also remains in full swing through contemporary arts and creativity and continue to inspire artists to this day. The exhibition is the first of its kind and represents a merging of ancient heritage and contemporary art at the oldest and last remaining of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which today survives as a UNESCO world heritage site. (Angy Essam, “Art D’Égypte takes public school children to the Gîza Pyramids to raise awareness of Egyptian cultural heritage”, Egypt Today, December 25, 2020). - - Le ministère de la Planification et du Développement économique à publier un rapport sur le bilan du secteur des antiquités et des musées au cours des deux dernières BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 années 2019 et 2020. Ce rapport a passé en revue les projets les plus importants : — Restaurations : palais du baron Empain, zone archéologique de Sân al-Hagar à alSharqiyya, tombe d’al-Wardyân à Kom alShuqâfa en Alexandrie, baisse du niveau de la nappe phréatique à l’Osirion, réaménagement de la zone archéologique d’Abydos à Suhâg, palais de l’émir Yûsuf Kamâl à Qinâ, mosquée ‘Amr Ibn al-‘Âs à Damiette, pyramide de Djoser. — Musées : inauguration des musées de Suhâg, d’Hurghada, de Sharm al-Shaykh, de Tantâ et des Carrosses royaux, en plus d’une nouvelle salle d’exposition au Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr. — 14 nouvelles archéologiques au Sinaï. découvertes — Maintenance de 104 zones archéologiques et entrepôts muséologiques. — Enregistrement temples. de 99 tombes et — Restauration et maintenance de 11 250 pièces antiques au Grand Musée Égyptien. — Transfert et restauration de 22 220 pièces antiques vers le Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC). — Les recettes des musées et des sites archéologiques atteignent 3,2 milliards de livres égyptiennes. — 2,1 millions de personnes ont visité les zones archéologiques d’Aswân et de Nubie. (Amîra Mamdûh, « Les recettes des musées et des sites archéologiques atteignent 3,2 milliards L.E. en deux ans », al-Dustûr, 25 décembre 2020). - - Egypt’s Prime Minister Mustafa Madbûlî issued a decree to form and organize the Board of Directors of the Grand Egyptian Museum, headed by the minister of Tourism and Antiquities. The Board consists of executive heads of each of the Grand Egyptian Museum Authority, the National Museum of Egyptian 228 Décembre 2020 Civilization, the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Board and the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones. In addition to the Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Board, the legal advisor to the minister, the general supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum project and the surrounding area, and the deputy general supervisor of the Grand Egyptian Museum for Archaeological Affairs. The board also includes in its membership the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Banque Misr; Dr. Mamdûh al-Damâtî professor at the Faculty of Arts, ‘Ayn Shams University and the former Minister of Antiquities; Dr. Muhammad ‘Abd al-Ra’ûf, Professor of International Law and the former Director of the Cairo Regional Center for International Arbitration; Professor Khâlid Nawfal, Assistant Minister of Finance for Administrative and Technical Development; Professor Muna Ibrâhîm, Head of the Asian Cooperation Sector at the Ministry of International Cooperation; Dr. Muhammad Hasanayn, President of the Meris Credit Classification Company; Ambassador Hishâm al-Zimitî, a former Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs; Dr. Hishâm Danana, Professor of Marketing and Strategic Management at the College of International Affairs and Public Policy at the American University; Dr. Mahmûd ‘Abdallah, an expert in asset management and restoration Structuring; and Dr. Mirhân Ragab, an expert in business administration and international contracts. statements or clarifications requested by the Board regarding the topics presented without having a counted vote in deliberations. The chairman of the board of directors of the authority is to issue a decision to form the technical secretariat of the board, consisting of a chairperson and a sufficient number of employees, to undertake the necessary preliminary work for the sessions and prepare the agenda and files of the issues raised. (“Egypt’s Prime Minister issues a decree to form, organize board of directors of Grand Egyptian Museum”, Egypt Today, December 25, 2020. Voir également Mahâ Salâh, « Le conseil des ministres nomme le conseil d’administration du GEM », al-Dustûr, 24 décembre). - - Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has approved a foreign exhibition that will last for more than three years, from November 2021 to January 2025, Husayn Duqail, a researcher specializing in Greek and Roman Antiquities confirmed. The exhibit, titled “Ramses and the Pharaohs’ Gold”, is to be held in five cities in the US, the UK, and France. The exhibit’s collection will be showcased at the Houston Museum of Natural Sciences in Houston, Texas, the De Young Museum in San Francisco, California, the Castle Hall in Boston, Massachusetts, the London Exhibition Hall in the British capital, London, and in La Felette Hall in Paris, according to Duqail. A similar has exhibit already been held at Germany’s Völklinger Hütte Museum. The decree stipulated that the term of membership of the Board of Directors would be two years, subject to renewal, and that the Board would meet at least once every month and whenever the need arises, upon an invitation from its Chairman. Ancient Egyptians believed that they could become immortal by using gold, which inspired the exhibit’s theme. The exhibition will show the most prominent and unique historical Pharaonic holdings. In accordance with this decree, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall chair the session and manage the discussions, and the Board of Directors may invite employees from the Authority’s employees or external experts to attend the Board’s sessions to give Among the 170 archaeological collections in the collection is the statue of Khafre, from the Old Kingdom, which is the oldest known statue of the king made of pure gold. The statue was displayed for the first time to the public during the exhibit’s time in Germany. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 229 Décembre 2020 The second artefact is a ring from the Eighteenth Dynasty (1350-1333 BC) bearing an inscription of the image of Queen Nefertiti. The ring was not made to adorn a pharaoh. Rather, its significance for ancient Egyptians lay in the symbolic and religious value of gold as a material, as they believed that the funeral items made of gold would remain immortal. exhibition in 5 countries”, Egypt Today, December 23). - - Samedi 26 décembre 2020 There is also a necklace, made of gold and rough beads, dating back to 1550 BC. It is a prime example of fine and detailed ancient Egyptian craftsmanship. The necklace was worn by royalty and served as a symbol of protection or luck. Another necklace is from the era of Ramses VI. It consists of double rows of gold beads, beads, and lapis lazuli. At the end of it hangs an eagle made of gold. According to the ancient Pharaonic belief, this chain guarantees the protection of the gods. Furthermore, viewers will get a chance to see Hathor, the goddess of love and beauty according to the Pharaonic belief. She is sometimes depicted in the form of a woman and at other times in the form of a cow showing the sun between its horns. Hathor protected and breastfed Horus, the son of Isis, as she was his mother-in-law. The vast collection also includes a thousand-year-old perfume and many gold coins. Despite the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on global tourism, the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is determined to revitalize tourism in Egypt. Duqail remains positive, pointing out that Egypt’s diverse tourism industry, which includes archaeological sites, museums, and beaches, will bring inbound tourism to the country. (“Egypt’s Tourism Ministry approves 3-year pharaonic exhibition abroad”, Egypt Independent, December 25, 2020. Voir également Liliane Nabîl, « Le gouvernement approuve la tenue d’une exposition intitulée Ramsès et l’or des pharaons dans 5 villes internationales », Watanî, 23 décembre ; “Egypt to hold ‘Ramses & Pharaoh’s Gold’ BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 L’Unité archéologique du Cargo Village de l’aéroport international du Caire a déjoué une tentative d’exportation illicite de 85 pièces de monnaies antiques et trois petits scarabées. Le président de l’Administration centrale des ports et des aéroports égyptiens, Hamdî Hammâm, a révélé que ces pièces étaient dissimulées à l’intérieur d’un colis postal à destination des États-Unis. Une commission archéologique a reconnu le caractère antique des pièces saisies qui sont soumises à la loi 117/1983. De son côté, la directrice générale des Unités archéologiques à l’aéroport du Caire, Hanâ’ al-Mashhûr, a précisé que la saisie englobe : deux monnaies en argent d’époque ptolémaïque, 80 monnaies en bronze d’époque gréco-romaine, deux monnaies en 230 Décembre 2020 or d’époque byzantine, une pièce de monnaie en argent d’époque ayyoubide et trois petits scarabées d’époque pharaonique. (Ahmad Mansûr, « Saisie de 85 monnaies antiques », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 26 décembre 2020. Voir également Radwa Hâshim, « Saisie de 85 monnaies antiques à l’aéroport du Caire », alWatan, 26 décembre ; Muhammad alIskandarânî, « L’Unité archéologique de l’aéroport du Caire saisit 85 monnaies antiques de différentes époques », Sada alBalad, 26 décembre ; Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Saisie de 85 monnaies antiques de différentes époques », Watanî, 27 décembre). - - In celebration of the 117th anniversary of the opening of the Museum of Islamic Art at Bâb al-Khalq, the museum, in cooperation with the Baron Empain Palace in Heliopolis, is organizing two art exhibitions titled “Treasures of Lead”, at the Museum of Islamic Art, and another titled “From Bâb al-Khalq to Heliopolis”, at Baron Empain’s Palace, from 28th and December 29th 2020 to January 13th 2021. In addition to these celebrations, a number of technical and educational workshops and seminars will be held. It is worth mentioning that Dr. Khâlid al‘Inânî, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, made entry to the Museum of Islamic Art free for Egyptians on Monday, December 28, to celebrate that occasion. A number of archaeologists will also be at the museum to explain the artefacts to visitors while implementing the precautionary measures and hygiene safety regulations during the visit. (“Egypt’s Museum of Islamic Art, Baron Empain Palace organize two art exhibitions”, Egypt Today, December 26, 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « Le musée d’Art islamique et le palais Empain organisent deux expositions », Watanî, 25 décembre). - - Dr. Mamdûh ‘Uthmân, Director of the Museum, said the exhibition “Treasures of Lead”, which will be held at the Museum of Islamic Art, will be the first of its kind in Egypt and the Middle East. He added that it displays sculptures made by artists on pencils depicting a number of the artefacts of the museum. He explained that these sculptures will be displayed using magnifying lenses with a photograph of the artefact placed beside it. La mission archéologique conjointe égypto-russe a mis au jour au mois de novembre des pièces de monnaie en or datant de l’époque abbasside sur le site de Dayr alBanât dans le gouvernorat du Fayyûm. He pointed out that these pieces have artistic and historical links to The Baron Empain’s palace, and its construction. Dr. Basma Silîm, Director of the Baron Empain Palace, said the exhibition “From Bâb al-Khalq to Heliopolis”, which will be displayed at the palace, includes 35 photographs of artefacts inside the Museum of Islamic Art reflecting artistic, cultural and historical links between the museum and the palace. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 231 Décembre 2020 Cette mission de la Russian Academy of Sciences fouille ce site depuis 2003. Au cours de cette période, elle a pu étudier plus de 350 tombes remontant aux époques grecque, romaine et byzantine. Ces dernières découvertes seront transférées vers le musée d’Art islamique. (MENA, « Une mission russe réalise une découverte archéologique importante au Fayyûm », al-Shurûq, 26 décembre 2020. Voir également Rabâb alGâlî, « Mise au jour de 28 dinars en or à Dayr al-Banât », al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘, 13 novembre). - Hawwâs said that this discovery, which will be announced early 2021, will shed light on a part of the history of Saqqâra that we do not know much about, and will also unveil the secrets of the cemetery of the 18th and 19th Dynasties in the Saqqâra antiquities area. - Une équipe de l’administration architecturale du ministère de l’Archéologie a installé une passerelle en bois destinée à protéger le sol en basalte noir du temple funéraire de Chéops. (Ayman Barâyyiz, « Installation de la 1ère passerelle en bois pour protéger les pierres de basalte du temple funéraire de Chéops », al-Ahrâm, 26 décembre 2020). - The Egyptian mission headed by Hawwâs found a group of coffins containing mummies, including two coloured and with inscriptions, in addition to the tools used by the ancient Egyptian, a large collection of pottery of various shapes and a collection of skeletons. - Dimanche 27 décembre 2020 In 2021, Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities is preparing to announce a large archaeological discovery. It was discovered through the excavations of the Egyptian archaeological mission operating next to the pyramid of King Teti I in the Saqqâra antiquities area headed by Zâhî Hawwâs. It resulted in the discovery of burial wells with coffins and huge archaeological finds from the New Kingdom era. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî, during his visit to the excavation site on December 14, was keen to go inside one of the burial wells that were found, accompanied with Hawwâs and Mustafa Wazîrî, to inspect the discovery. (“New archaeological discovery in Saqqâra to be announced early 2021”, Egypt Today, December 27, 2020. Voir également Sanâ’ Fârûq, « al-‘Inânî, Hawwâs et Wazîrî inspectent une grande découverte archéologique à Saqqâra », Watanî, 14 décembre). - - Lundi 28 décembre 2020 On December 28, Egypt celebrates the 117th anniversary of the opening of the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities enables enthusiasts to explore the museum in 3D technology. It is one of the most important museums with some of the most unique and diverse 232 Décembre 2020 collections of Islamic artefacts worldwide. The museum was inaugurated in Bâb al-Khalq under the name "Dâr al-âthâr al-‘arabiyya" on December 28, 1903. The museum includes rare Islamic artefacts from different eras of Islamic civilization covering nearly 12 Hijri centuries, from India, China, Iran and Samarkand, passing through Saudi Arabia, the Levant, Egypt, North Africa, ending in Andalusia and many others. The museum includes about 400 exhibits. The mission of the Museum of Islamic Art is to display and preserve Islamic artefacts. Today the museum opens its doors for free for Egyptians, but if you can’t go, we bring you a virtual tour of this unique museum. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities launches virtual visit to Egypt’s Museum of Islamic Art in 3D technology”, Egypt Today, December 28, 2020). - - Mardi 29 décembre 2020 Head of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization Ahmad Ghunaym explained that the students beautified the plants’ basins with drawings that reflect the manifestations of art in different historical eras in Egypt, in addition to decorating the area by installing some marble columns, carved with antique inscriptions. Also, a number of paintings were designed that illustrate the museum’s content and its archaeological treasures, reflecting the different eras of the ancient Egyptian civilization. (“Hilwân University decorates entrance to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization”, Egypt Today, December 29, 2020. Voir également Muhammad alIskandarânî, « Le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie décore l’entrée du NMEC », Sada al-Balad, 29 décembre ; Amal Gamâl, « Coopération entre le ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie, le NMEC et l’université de Hilwân », Watanî, 29 décembre). The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization started adding an aesthetic touch to the main entrance to the museum prior to its opening. That is in cooperation with Hilwân University, to benefit from the artistic and educational capabilities of the students of the Faculties of Fine Arts, Applied Arts and Art Education at the university. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 - ‘Abd al-Salâm Mahgûb, ouvrier agricole âgé de 47 ans, appelle les autorités à extraire le corps de son fils, Usâma, qui a trouvé la mort au cours de fouilles archéologiques illicites sous les fondations d’une maison à Suhâg. 233 Décembre 2020 31 artists participated in this exhibition with 45 artworks, varying between plastic, photographic, sculpture, and fashion designs, in addition to a qualitative aspect that includes folk medicine and embalming. L’affaire a commencé lorsqu’un des voisins de la famille a emmené le garçon, âgé de 23 ans, pour travailler trois jours à Suhâg. Ensuite, le voisin est rentré tout seul sans le garçon, refusant de donner des informations sur son sort. En fait, celui-ci est mort étouffé sous les décombres lors de fouilles clandestines. Faute de pouvoir lui porter secours, ses complices l’ont enseveli, afin d’effacer toute trace de leur forfait. Les autorités n’ont pas réussi à extraire le cadavre, à cause de la crainte de l’effondrement des habitations voisines. De son côté, le Parquet général de Suhâg poursuit ses enquêtes en interrogeant six individus impliqués dans ses fouilles illicites. (Sa‘îd Nâfi‘, « Un ouvrier lance un SOS pour extraite le corps de son fils décédé lors de fouilles clandestines », al-Masrî al-Yawm, 29 décembre 2020). - - Mercredi 30 décembre 2020 The Cultural Development and Community Communication Department in the office of the Minister of Tourism and Antiquities organized the third forum for the artists of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities under the title "Medicine, Healing and Medicines through the Ages" at the Royal Chariots Museum. The idea of the forum this year was developed in line with the current conditions that the world is going through, so that participating artists are encouraged to present artworks on the history of diseases and medicine in Egypt through the ages. BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 The exhibition runs until January 7, 2021, during the official working hours of the museum. It will also be taken into account to display all the participating works on social networking sites to reach the largest segment of society, in addition to applying all precautionary controls and preventive measures. The guest of honour for this year’s forum is Deputy Supervisor of the Archaeological Consciousness School for the Visually Impaired in the Egyptian Museum Ahmad Nagîb al-Sayyid, who participates in a collective work on the Corona pandemic, in order to address the public, including the sighted and the visually impaired. The forum aims to shed light on the creative people of the ministry and encourage them to present artistic works inspired by the great Egyptian heritage and civilization. (“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities launches Medicine Forum”, Egypt Today, December 30, 2020). - - The Board of Directors of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, in its convention headed by Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Khâlid al-‘Inânî on December 29, approved decisions to promote cultural tourism in Egypt. Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mustafa Wazîrî said that one of the most important decisions is offering 50% off on the price of entry tickets of museums and archaeological sites open for visits, for Egyptians. He added that this is under the umbrella of the "Enjoy your winter in Egypt" initiative launched by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in cooperation with the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Chamber of Hotel Establishments during the months of January and February 2021. 234 Décembre 2020 A 50% reduction will also be granted on entry tickets to museums and archaeological sites open for visits in the governorates of Cairo, Gîza and Alexandria to fans of the Men’s World Handball Championship, hosted by Egypt in January 13-31, 2021, provided they have the Fan ID. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has participated in providing some logistical and tourism programs for the fans of the tournament, who will come from abroad to root for their teams. Also, the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities directed all archaeological sites and museums to continue implementing precautionary measures, including maintaining social distancing between people during visits, wearing face masks and that the number of tourist groups is not to exceed 25 individuals, in addition to adhering to the maximum number of visitors present at the same time inside museums and other archaeological sites. Furthermore, Wazîrî indicated that, in continuation of the efforts of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities to mitigate the economic effects resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, the Board also agreed to extend a complete exemption to all cafeterias and bazaars in museums and archaeological sites affiliated to the council from paying rental fees during the months of January and February 2021, in addition to not applying any increases on the prices of tickets to visit museums and archaeological sites before November 2021. (“Board of Directors of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities approves decisions to promote cultural tourism in Egypt”, Egypt Today, December 30, 2020). - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Jeudi 31 décembre 2020 Director General of the Islamic, Coptic and Jewish Antiquities Department in Alexandria and the North Coast Muhammad Mitwallî announced applying a decision by the Supreme Council of Antiquities unifying the price of the tickets for entering the archeological sites and museums to all Egyptians as of Friday and for two months. In statements on Wednesday, Mitwallî said that price of tickets included a 50% discount. The decision will be applied in Citadel of Qâytbây which is one of the most ancient Islamic antiquities in Egypt and the Arab world, Mitwallî said. He said that the decision aims at attracting internal tourism in addition to acquainting the society with the Egyptian civilization. (MENA, “50% discount on all tickets for archeological sites in Alexandria on Jan., Feb. 2021”, Egypt Today, December 31, 2020. Voir également Ahmad Mansûr, « 50 % de réduction des tarifs de visite des antiquités d’Alexandrie », alYawm al-Sâbi‘, 31 décembre). - - 235 VII - WHO’S WHO ? Voici la liste alphabétique des principaux responsables égyptiens et étrangers régulièrement cités dans le BIA : Ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Khidr ‘Abd al-Bâsit ‘Abdallah Silîm ‘Abd al-Hamîd ‘Alî ‘Umar ‘Abd al-Hamîd al-Kafâfî ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Sa‘îd Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Nâsir Ahmad ‘Abd al-‘Azîm ‘Abd al-Rahîm Rayhân ‘Abdallah Sa‘d ‘Âdil Dalla ‘Âdil Ghunaym ‘Alâ’ al-Shahhât Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Khârga Directeur général des antiquités de Haute-Égypte Directeur general de la zone archéologique de Nag‘ Hammâdî Directeur général de la planification et du suivi des restaurations Directeur général des antiquités d’Aswân et de Nubie Directeur général de la restauration du temple de Karnak Directeur général des recherches, des études archéologiques et de la publication scientifique en Basse-Égypte et au Sinaï Directeur général de la zone archéologique Est du Caire Directeur général des antiquités islamiques du Fayyûm Directeur général des antiquités islamiques et coptes du Caire et de Gîza Vice-président du département des antiquités égyptiennes ‘Alâ’ Fawzî Muhammad Directeur de la documentation archéologique de Sâhil Silîm ‘Alî Ahmad ‘Alî Directeur général du département des antiquités restituées ‘Alî al-Bakrî Directeur général des antiquités de Mallawî ‘Alî Dâhî Directeur général du département des acquisitions archéologiques ‘Alî Ridâ Directeur de la vallée des Rois ‘Amr al-Tîbî Directeur exécutif de l’Unité des reproductions archéologiques ‘Âtif Muhammad al-Sa‘îd Directeur des entrepôts muséologiques islamiques et coptes à Fustât ‘Âtif Nagîb Vice-président du département des antiquités islamiques ‘Awnî Mukhtâr Hasan Directeur des antiquités de Fîrân et d’al-Tawr ‘Awnî Qustantîn Hilmî Directeur général de l’entrepôt muséologique de Tell Bastâ ‘Imâd ‘Uthmân Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Darb al-Ahmar BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 236 Who’s Who ? ‘Imâd Hammâd ‘Isâm Khamîs ‘Isâm Mughâzî ‘Abd alRahmân ‘Izzat Habîb Salîb ‘Umar Muhammad Zakî Abû Bakr Ahmad ‘Abdallah Ahmad ‘Abdallah Bilâl Ahmad ‘Awad Ahmad ‘Ubayd Ahmad ‘Urâbî Ahmad al-Nimr Ahmad al-Sayyid Ahmad Sulaymân Ahmad Fathî Ahmad Hammûda Sayyid Ahmad Hasan ‘Abd al-Mâgid Ahmad Ibrâhîm Ahmad Mahfûz Ibrâhîm Ahmad Mûsa Ahmad Mûsa Mustafa Président du département de la restauration des antiquités de Rosette Directeur des antiquités de Mît Rahîna Directeur général de l’entrepôt muséologique de Shatb Directeur général de la restauration des musées du Grand Caire Directeur général des antiquités de Banî Swayf Président de l’administration centrale des antiquités du Caire et de Gîza Directeur général du Centre des unités archéologiques de Damiette Inspecteur en chef de la zone archéologique Ouest d’Aswân Adjoint du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires techniques Directeur général du temple de Louqsor Membre du bureau scientifique du ministre de l’Archéologie Directeur de la zone archéologique de l’arbre de la Vierge Marie à Matariyya Directeur de la zone archéologique de Tell al-Amarna Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de Balât Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’Abû Simbil Directeur général des zones archéologiques al-Ibâgiyya et al-Tunsî Directeur de l’unité archéologique du port de Damiette Directeur de l’Amphithéâtre romain d’Alexandrie Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de Khârga Ahmad Mutâwi‘ Assistant du président du département des antiquités islamiques et coptes Ahmad Shu‘ayb Président de l’administration générale pour la restauration des antiquités et des musées du Delta Est al-Amîr ‘Abd al-Latîf al-Qazzâfî ‘Abd al-Rahîm ‘Azab al-Shâfi‘î Muhammad Zahrân Amîna ‘Abd al-Munsif Amîna al-Bârûdî As’ad al-Amîn Ashraf ‘Abd al-Salâm Ibrâhîm Ashraf ‘Ukâsha Directeur des antiquités islamiques et coptes d’Isnâ Directeur de la zone archéologique de Karnak Directeur général des fouilles archéologiques du Centre du Delta Directrice de la restauration des antiquités du Nord d’al-Munûfiyya Assistante du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les services numériques Directeur des antiquités islamiques et coptes de Qinâ Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Gharbiyya Directeur général des antiquités d’Abydos BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 237 Who’s Who ? Ashraf Muhyî al-Dîn Ayman al-‘Ashmâwî ‘Alî Ayman al-Gunaydî Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Gîza Président du secteur des antiquités égyptiennes Directeur général du palais Muhammad ‘Alî à Shubrâ al-Khayma Ayman Hindî Directeur général des antiquités de Qinâ Bâsim Gihâd Assistant du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le développement des ressources humaines Bassâm Hasan Muhammad Dâlyâ Milîgî Diyâ’ Gâd al-Karîm Directeur de l’Inspectorat de Burg al-‘Arab Directrice générale du Centre de recherches et de la maintenance des antiquités Directeur général des recherches et des études archéologiques dans le département des antiquités islamiques Diyâ’ Zahrân Vice-président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Doris Hannâ Directrice générale de l’Ancient Egyptian Art Revival Center Fahîma al-Nahhâs Fathî ‘Awad Directrice générale des fouilles d’Alexandrie Directeur du site archéologique de Tûna al-Gabal Fathî Yâsîn Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Qurna Gâbir Ahmad Hâziz Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de l’Ouest de Suhâg Gamâl ‘Abd al-Nâsir Gamâl al-Hawwârî Gamâl al-Simistâwî Directeur général des antiquités de Suhâg Directeur général de la zone archéologique du sultan Hasan et d’alRifâ‘î Directeur général des antiquités de Moyenne-Égypte Gamâl al-Sûsânî Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Rahmâniyya, gouvernorat alBuhayra Gamâl Fârûq al-Qassâs Directeur général de l’administration générale pour l’enregistrement des antiquités du Delta Centre Gamâl Mustafa Président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Gharîb Sunbul Hâla Qadrî Silîm Hamdî Amîn Sayyid Hamdî Humâm Hanân Hasan Mitwallî Hasan Muhammad Hasan Tâhir Président de l’administration centrale pour la restauration et la maintenance Directrice générale des ressources humaines Inspecteur en chef de Saqqâra-Nord et Centre Président de l’administration centrale des unités archéologiques portuaires Directrice de l’inspectorat de Dâkhla Inspecteur en chef des antiquités de Dâkhla Inspecteur en chef de la zone archéologique du Nord de Minyâ BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 238 Who’s Who ? Hind Muhammad Abû alFutûh Directrice des antiquités du Nord d’al-Daqahliyya Hisaniyya Muhammad Hilmî Fadîlî Directrice générale des antiquités du Vieux Caire Hishâm al-Laythî Directeur général de l’Egyptian Antiquities Registration Center Hishâm Gum‘a Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Azhar et d’al-Ghûrî Hishâm Husayn Directeur général des antiquités égyptiennes du Nord-Sinaï Hishâm Samîr Ibrâhîm Husâm ‘Abdallah Ahmad Adjoint au ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires architecturales et superviseur général du Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP) Directeur général des antiquités de Bâb al-Sha‘riyya Husâm al-Dîn ‘Abbûd Directeur de la publication scientifique à Qinâ Husnî ‘Abd al-Wahâb Directeur du temple de Montou Ibrâhîm ‘Abd al-Rahmân Ibrâhîm al-‘Assâl Ibrâhîm al-Nuzûrî Ibrâhîm Ragab Directeur général des zones archéologiques du Vieux Caire et de Fustât Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Gharbiyya Directeur général de la documentation archéologique dans le département des antiquités islamiques et coptes Directeur des antiquités islamiques du Fayyûm Ibrâhîm Rif‘at Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Mît Rahîna Ibrâhîm Subhî Inspecteur en chef des antiquités d’al-Buhayra Nord Ihâb Fahmî Directeur général de l’administration centrale d’archéologie sousmarine en Alexandrie Îmân Riyâd Directrice générale des restaurations à Matariyya et ‘Ayn Shams Îmân Zaydân Kamâl al-Tûkhî Kâmil Ahmad Karîm Ahmad Hammâd Kârîmân Ahmad Sulaymân Khâlid ‘Abd al-Ghanî Farahât Khâlid ‘Adûl Khâlid Ahmad Shawqî Khâlid al-‘Inânî Khâlid Muhammad Abû al‘Ilâ Khidr Madbûlî Directrice générale du Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund Restaurateur d’icônes antiques Directeur de la zone archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée Directeur des antiquités de ‘Ataba Directrice de l’Inspectorat Est d’Alexandrie Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Buhayra Directeur de la zone archéologique de Sîwa pour les antiquités islamiques Directeur des antiquités d’Abû Simbil Ministre de l’Archéologie et du Tourisme Directeur général des antiquités de Matariyya et de ‘Ayn Shams Directeur général des antiquités du Nord du Caire BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 239 Who’s Who ? Magda Shawqî Riyâd Directrice générale de la zone archéologique Nord d’Asyût Magdî Ibrâhîm Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Dâkhla Magdî Mansûr Directeur général des antiquités et des musées du Grand Caire Magdî Muhammad ‘Awad Directeur des temples rupestres de Nubie Magdî Shâkir Restaurateur en chef auprès du ministère de l’Archéologie Mâgid Muslih Superviseur général du département de la coopération internationale Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Bâsit Directeur général du Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP) Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Latîf Directeur de la zone archéologique de Abû Ridîs Mahmûd ‘Abd al-Qâdir ‘Abd al-Salâm Directeur des antiquités d’Alexandrie Ouest Mahmûd Barîqî Président du département de restauration à Kom al-Shuqâfa Mahmûd Musa Directeur général du palais Empain Mahmûd Ragab Mahmûd Salâh Mahmûd Sha‘bân Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Suez Directeur général des antiquités de Minyâ Directeur des antiquités islamiques et coptes au sud de Gîza Mamdûh ‘Uda Directeur général du département central de la gestion des crises et des risques Mamdûh Taha Superviseur archéologique du projet de la deuxième barque de Chéops Mansûr ‘Uthmân Directeur général des antiquités islamiques de la Nouvelle Vallée Marwa ‘Abd al-Râziq Responsable du bureau d’enregistrement, de documentation et de la gestion des collections au Musée Égyptien Marwa Sayyid Ismâ‘îl Directrice de l’Unité archéologique à l’aéroport du Caire Mîmî Ibrâhîm ‘Abd al-Samî‘ Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîm Husayn Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Gharbiyya Inspecteur du temple d’Hibis à Khârga Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Président de l’Egyptian Sound and Light Show Company (ESLSC) Muhammad ‘Abd al-Badî‘ Président de l’Administration centrale des antiquités de HauteÉgypte Muhammad ‘Abd al-Hamîd Directeur des antiquités d’Alexandrie Est Muhammad ‘Abd al-Maqsûd Coordinateur général du projet de développement des sites archéologiques situés dans l’axe du canal de Suez Muhammad ‘Abd al-Mun‘im ‘Uwayda Directeur général des affaires financières Muhammad ‘Abdallah Directeur général de la zone archéologique de la citadelle de Saladin BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 240 Who’s Who ? Muhammad Abû al-Wafâ Muhammad Abû Srî‘ Muhammad Ahmad ‘Uthmân Muhammad Ahmad Gâd Muhammad al-Husaynî Tamân Muhammad al-Sayyid alSawwâf Muhammad al-Sayyid Muhannadî Muhammad al-Tuhâmî Muhammad Badîr Khalîl Muhammad Hamâda Muhammad Husayn Muhammad Husayn Hindâwî Muhammad Ismâ‘îl Muhammad Mahmûd Directeur général des antiquités de la mer Rouge Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Gamâliyya Directeur de l’Administration de la documentation archéologique d’Asyût Directeur de l’Inspectorat d’Abûqîr Directeur général des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives de Basse-Égypte et du Sinaï Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Gharbiyya Directeur général des antiquités d’Asyût Directeur général des antiquités de Rosette Directeur des antiquités du Sud Sinaï Directeur général des antiquités du Caire et de Gîza Directeur général de la restauration du temple de Louqsor Inspecteur en chef de Saqqâra-Sud Superviseur du Comité permanent et des missions archéologiques étrangères Directeur général de la zone archéologique de Qinâ Muhammad Mahrân Président de l’administration centrale pour les antiquités juives Muhammad Mitwallî Directeur général des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives d’Alexandrie et de la côte Nord Muhammad Muhammad ‘Abd al-Badî‘ Directeur du Comité permanent des antiquités égyptiennes Muhammad Muhammad ‘Alî ‘Uthmân Muhammad Mustafa Muhammad Mustafa ‘Abbâs Muhammad Ramadân Madbûlî Muhammad Rashâd ‘Abd alHamîd Muhammad Sa‘îd Dusûqî Muhammad Sayf al-Sayyid Muhammad Sha‘râwî Muhammad Yahya ‘Uwayda Muhammad Yûsuf Directeur général des unités archéologiques des ports Directeur des antiquités de l’Ouest du Caire Directeur de la zone archéologique de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î Directeur général des affaires juridiques du CSA Directeur général de la publication scientifique au Centre de documentation des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Directeur général de la zone archéologique de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î Vice-directeur général des ressources humaines Directeur général de la zone archéologique Ouest du Caire Directeur général des antiquités de Louqsor et de Haute-Égypte Directeur des antiquités de Dahshûr et d’al-Lisht BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 241 Who’s Who ? Muhammad Zayn Directeur de la zone archéologique du Vieux-Caire Muhsin Hilmî Badawî Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Qalyûbiyya Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî Conseiller du ministre de l’Archéologie Muna Yusrî Mushîra Mûsa Mustafa ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Inspectrice en chef d’Asyût Conseillère médiatique du ministre de l’Archéologie Directeur général des zones archéologiques d’al-Minyâ Mustafa ‘Uthmân Directeur général des antiquités du Delta Centre Mustafa al-Saghîr Directeur général des antiquités de Karnak et superviseur du projet du Dromos Mustafa Amîn Conseiller du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires techniques Mustafa Faysal Mustafa Muhammad Nûr alDîn Mustafa Rizq Ibrâhîm Mustafa Rushdî Mustafa Shawqî Ibrâhîm Directeur de l’entrepôt muséologique de Kom Ûshîm Directeur des antiquités de Sirâbît al-Khâdim Directeur général de la préhistoire au Sud Sinaï Directeur général des antiquités du Delta Ouest (Marsa Matrûh, alBuhayra et Mârînâ) Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Sharqiyya Mustafa Subhî Directeur général du suivi technique des antiquités du Caire et de Gîza Mustafa Wazîrî Secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités (CSA) Nabîla Ibrâhîm Ahmad Nâdya Khidr Nagwa Mitwallî Nashwa Gâbir Nasr Gibrîl Ibrâhîm Ni‘ma Sanad Nirvîn Muhammad Hâfiz Nivîn al-‘Ârif Nûbî Mahmûd Ahmad Qutb Fawzî Qutb Râgyâ Mus‘ad Mâdî Rashâ Kamâl Rashâ Muhammad ‘Alî Râshid Muhammad Badrî Ridâ Sâlih Directrice de l’Inspectorat d’al-‘Âmiriyya Présidente de l’administration centrale des antiquités égyptiennes, grecques et romaines au Delta, au Sinaï et sur la côte Nord Directrice générale de l’Administration de la publication scientifique Directrice générale de l’administration des missions étrangères Président de l’Administration centrale des saisies archéologiques Directrice générale de la zone archéologique de Mârînâ Directrice générale des antiquités de l’Ouest du Caire Consultante médiatique du ministre de l’Archéologie Directeur général de l’administration des fouilles Directeur de la zone archéologique de Kafr al-Shaykh Directrice de l’Inspectorat d’al-‘Agamî Directrice générale du département du développement culturel Directrice générale des antiquités de Sayyida Zaynab Directeur de l’inspectorat archéologique de l’Ouest de Suhâg Directeur général des antiquités de Damiette BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 242 Who’s Who ? Riz Diyâb Sa‘îd ‘Abd al-Hamîd Sa‘îd Shibl Sabrî Muhyî al-Dîn Farag Sabrî Yûsuf ‘Abd al-Rahmân Safâ’ ‘Abd al-Mun‘im Ibrâhîm Salâh al-Hâdî Salâh al-Mâsikh Salâma Zahrân Sayyid ‘Abd al-‘Alîm Sayyid Ahmad ‘Abd al-Râwî Sayyid al-Quranî Sayyid al-Shûra Sayyid al-Talhâwî Sha‘bân ‘Abd al-Gawwâd Sharîf Fawzî Sharîf Hâmid Sharîf Muhammad ‘Abd alMun‘im Shâzlî Dunqul Sophia ‘Abd al-Hâdî Suhâ Bahgat Suhayr al-Sayyid Qunsuwwa Sumayya Binyâmîn Suzi Labîb Tahânî ‘Abdu Sâlim Târiq Ahmad Mukhtâr Hirsh Usâma Abû al-Khayr Usâma al-Sayyid Usâma Farîd ‘Uthmân Directeur général des antiquités d’Ismâ‘îliyya Directeur général des restaurations des musées archéologiques Président de l’administration centrale des entrepôts muséologiques Directeur général des antiquités de Saqqâra Directeur de la zone archéologique de Dâkhla et de Farâfra Directrice générale des études et des recherches Directeur général de la restauration des antiquités islamiques de Bi’r al-‘Abd et d’al-Qantara Sharq Inspecteur en chef des temples de Karnak à Louqsor Directeur général des antiquités islamiques et coptes d’al-Bahnasâ Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Qantara Sharq Superviseur de l’Administration des carrières et des mines Inspecteur en chef de la rive ouest de Louqsor Directeur général des antiquités du Fayyûm Directeur général des antiquités d’al-Daqahliyya Superviseur général du département des antiquités restituées Coordinateur général de la rue al-Mu‘izz l-Dîn Allah al-Fâtimî Directeur des antiquités du Vieux-Caire Assistant du ministre de l’Archéologie pour le développement des sites archéologiques Inspecteur en chef de Qinâ Directrice générale des antiquités d’al-Darb al-Ahmar et de Sayyida ‘Â’isha Porte-parole du ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie Directrice générale des antiquités du Vieux-Caire et de Fustât Présidente du département des Financements Directrice générale des antiquités d’Idfû Directrice générale du Centre de documentation des antiquités islamiques et coptes de la citadelle Directeur général des antiquités de l’Est du Delta, et sous-directeur du secrétaire général du CSA Directeur général de la restauration au sein du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Directeur de la citadelle Qâytbây en Alexandrie Directeur de l’entrepôt muséologique de Tell al-Farâ‘în à Kafr alShaykh BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 243 Who’s Who ? Usâma Hâmid Usâma Mustafa al-Nahhâs Usâma Tal‘at Usâma Wahba Viola Khalîl Ibrâhîm Wa‘d Abû al-‘Ilâ Wâ’il Fathî Wâ’il Zakariyyâ al-Balîhî Wagdî ‘Abbâs Wahîba Sâlih Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî Wisâm Kamâl Yahya ‘Abd al-Bârî Yahya Hasanayn Yâsir ‘Abd al-Karîm Yâsir ‘Îsa Zaghlûl Yâsir Fathî Wahba Yusriyya Ibrâhîm Directeur de l’entrepôt muséologique des pyramides Superviseur du bureau technique du ministre Président du département des antiquités islamiques, coptes et juives Directeur général de l’entrepôt muséologique de Tell al-Yahûdiyya Directrice de l’Inspectorat du Centre d’Alexandrie Président du Département central des affaires techniques Inspecteur en chef du plateau de Gîza Directeur général de la restauration des antiquités islamiques et coptes dans l’ouest et le centre du Delta Directeur général des antiquités du Sud Sinaï Directrice des antiquités de Dahshûr Directeur général du palais Manyal Directeur de la zone archéologique de Sammanûd Directeur général de la zone archéologique d’al-Tûd Directeur général des antiquités d’al-‘Arîsh Directeur général des antiquités du Centre du Caire Directeur de la zone archéologique d’al-Munûfiyya Directeur général de l’administration du cadastre et de la topographie dans le secteur des antiquités islamiques Directrice générale de la zone archéologique de Mustafa Kâmil en Alexandrie Yûsuf al-‘Aqd Directeur général de la restauration de l’administration des manuscrits et des papyrus Yûsuf Khalîfa Président de l’administration centrale des antiquités de BasseÉgypte, du Sinaï et de la côte Nord - - Musées ‘Abd al-Râziq al-Naggâr ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-‘Âtî ‘Alâ’ ‘Abd al-Halîm ‘Alâ’ al-Minshâwî ‘Âtif Muftâh Secrétaire général de la commission nationale égyptienne pour les musées Directeur général du musée archéologique de Suez Directeur général du musée archéologique de Suhâg Directeur du musée archéologique de Louqsor Superviseur général du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 244 Who’s Who ? ‘Imâd Badîr Directeur du musée archéologique de Tantâ ‘Îsa Zaydân Directeur du département de restauration au Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Ahmad ‘Alî Directeur général des équipements du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Ahmad al-Sabbâgh Directeur général du musée des Carrosses royaux Ahmad Ghunaym président exécutif de l’Autorité du Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC) Ahmad Hasanayn Directeur du musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh Ahmad Muhammad Sayyid Humayda al-Husayn ‘Abd al-Basîr al-Tayyib ‘Abbâs Ashraf Abû al-Yazîd Bâsim Ibrâhîm Muhammad Basma Silîm Gamâl al-Bilim Gîhân ‘Âtif Gîhân Nisîm Hâla Haggâg Hishâm Farghalî Huda Kamâl Husnî ‘Abd al-Rahîm Ilhâm Salâh al-Dîn Îmân Shawqî Directeur général du musée Atonien et superviseur des musées de Moyenne-Égypte Directeur du musée archéologique de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina Adjoint au ministre pour les affaires archéologiques du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Directeur général du musée des Textiles égyptiens Directeur général du musée national d’Alexandrie Superviseur général du palais Empain Directeur général de la bibliothèque du Musée Égyptien Directrice générale du musée Copte Directrice générale du musée archéologique de Mallawî Directrice générale du musée archéologique de l’aéroport du Caire Directeur général du musée du Nil à Aswân Directrice générale du musée de l’obélisque de Matariyya Directeur général du musée de la Nubie Conseillère du ministre de l’Archéologie pour les affaires des musées nouveaux Superviseur du musée de la Barque de Chéops Inâs al-Ga‘farî Directrice du Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC) Khâlid ‘Azab Président du conseil d’administration de la commission nationale égyptienne pour les musées Magdî Mansûr Mahâ Muhammad Mamdûh Hasan ‘Uthmân Mamdûh Ramadân Mirvat ‘Izzat Mirvat Yahya Directeur général de la restauration du musée Copte Présidente de l’administration centrale des musées historiques Superviseur général du musée d’Art islamique Conservateur en chef du musée de Kom Ûshîm Directrice générale du Musée Gayer-Anderson (Bayt al-Kiritliyya) Superviseur des musées d’Alexandrie et de Rosette BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 245 Who’s Who ? Mu’min ‘Uthmân Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rasûl Muhammad Ahmad Hasanayn Muhammad Badr Muhammad Sayyid alSharqâwî Muna Sha‘bân Myriam Sa‘îd Édouard Nabîla Hasanayn Nivîn Nazâr Rândâ Muhammad ‘Abd alRa’ûf Sa‘îd ‘Abd al-Hamîd Sa‘îd Rakhâ Président du secteur des musées Président de l’Administration centrale des antiquités islamiques de Haute-Égypte Secrétaire général du musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh Directeur des magasins et des registres du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Directeur du musée de Rommel Directrice générale du musée archéologique d’Ismâ‘îliyya Superviseur général du projet du musée archéologique de Sharm alShaykh Directrice générale du palais al-Gawhara Adjoint au ministre pour les affaires muséographiques Directrice générale des musées régionaux Directeur général de la restauration des musées archéologiques Directeur général du musée archéologique de Rosette Sabâh ‘Abd al-Râziq Directrice générale du Musée Égyptien de Tahrîr Sabâh Muslim Directrice générale des musées de Basse-Égypte Safâ’ Fârûq Sâmih al-Masrî Sanâ’ Ahmad ‘Alî Târiq al-Qal‘î Directrice générale du musée des Bijoux royaux en Alexandrie Directeur général de la planification et de la restauration des musées Directrice générale des musées de Haute-Égypte Directeur général du musée archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée Usâma Abû al-Khayr Directeur exécutif du centre de restauration du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) Usâma Farîd ‘Uthmân Directeur général du musée archéologique de Kafr al-Shaykh Walâ’ al-Dîn Badawî Directeur général du musée du palais Manyal Walâ’ Mustafa Directrice du musée gréco-romain d’Alexandrie Yumna Ismâ‘îl Adjointe au ministre de l’Archéologie pour le suivi du projet du Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) - - Universités ‘Abbâs Mansûr Président de l’Université du Sud de la Vallée BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 246 Who’s Who ? ‘Abd al-Wahâb ‘Izzat ‘Âtif Mansûr Président de l’université de ‘Ayn Shams Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Fayyûm Ahmad al-Ansârî Chef du département d’archéologie égyptienne à l’université de Suhâg Ahmad al-Shûkî Professeur d’archéologie islamique à l’université de ‘Ayn Shams Ahmad Ragab Muhammad Amîn Lutfî Fâyza Haykal Gamâl al-Dîn ‘Alî Abû alMagd Hânî Hilâl Doyen de la Faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire Président de l’université de Banî Swayf Professeur d’égyptologie à l’American University in Cairo (AUC) Président de l’université de Minyâ Professeur de polytechnique à la faculté Polytechnique, univeristé du Caire ; ScanPyramids Projet coordinator Khâlid Gharîb Président du département des antiquités grecques et romaines à l’université Misr Khâlid Hamza Président de l’université du Fayyûm Khâlid Hasan ‘Abd a-Bârî Président de l’université de Zaqâzîq Mâgid Nigm Mamdûh al-Damâtî Mansûr al-Nûbî Muhammad ‘Uthmân alKhasht Muhammad Hasan al-Qinâwî Muhammad Kamâl Khallâf Mukhtâr al-Kasabânî Muna Fu’âd Nâsir Mikkâwî Ra’fat al-Nabarâwî Salâh al-Khûlî Sâmî Sabrî Shâkir Président de l’université de Hilwân Ancien ministre de l’Archéologie, professeur d’archéologie à l’université de ‘Ayn Shams Doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie de Louqsor Président de l’université du Caire Président de l’université d’al-Mansûra Président du département de la restauration à la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Fayyûm Professeur d’archéologie islamique, université du Caire et conseiller scientifique du ministre de l’Archéologie Chef du département de restauration de la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire Chef du département d’Archéologie à la faculté d’Archéologie, université du Caire Professeur d’archéologie islamique à l’université du Caire Professeur d’archéologie à la faculté d’Archéologie de l’université du Caire Doyen de l’Institut des études coptes BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 247 Who’s Who ? Pouvoir exécutif ‘Âdil al-Ghadbân ‘Amr Hanafî Ahmad ‘Abd al-Zâhir Gouverneur de Port Sa‘îd Gouverneur de la mer Rouge Directeur de la Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités Ahmad ‘Abdallah Gouverneur d’Hurghada Ahmad al-Ansârî Gouverneur du Fayyûm Ahmad Râshid Ashraf ‘Atiya Ayman Mukhtâr Gamâl Nûr al-Dîn Hishâm al-Sa‘îd Hishâm Âmna Gouverneur de Gîza Gouverneur d’Aswân Gouverneur d’al-Daqahliyya Gouverneur de Kafr al-Shaykh Gouverneur d’al-Gharbiyya Gouverneur d’al-Buhayra Înâs ‘Abd al-Dâyyim Ministre de la Culture Khâlid ‘Abd al-‘Aal Gouverneur du Caire Khâlid Sa‘îd Khâlid Shu‘ayb Manâl ‘Awad Muhammad ‘Ashmâwî Gouverneur d’al-Sharqiyya Gouverneur de Matrûh Gouverneur de Damiette Gouverneur de la Nouvelle Vallée Muhammad Hânî Ghunaym Gouverneur de Banî Swayf Muhammad Mukhtâr Gum‘a Ministre des Waqfs Muhammad Sharîf Mustafa Alham Gouverneur d’Alexandrie Gouverneur de Louqsor Mustafa Madbûlî Premier Ministre Rânyâ al-Mashât Ministre du Tourisme Sa‘îd ‘Abbâs Gouverneur d’al-Munûfiyya Târiq al-Fiqî Gouverneur de Suhâg Usâma al-Qâdî Yâsîn Tâhir Yâsir al-Dusûqî Gouverneur d’al-Minyâ Gouverneur d’Ismâ‘îliyya Gouverneur d’Asyût - - Divers BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 248 Who’s Who ? Ahmad ‘Awwâd Président du Fonds de développement culturel (CDF) Ciara Berdiski Responsable culturel du bureau de l’Unesco au Caire Emad Khalil Fathî Sâlih Directeur exécutif du Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cutural Heritage (CMAUCH) Conseiller pour les affaires du patrimoine auprès du conseil des ministres Hishâm ‘Azmî Président du Conseil d’administration du Dâr al-kutub wa-l-wathâ’iq al-qawmiyya Husâm Ismâ‘îl Professeur d’archéologie islamique à l’université de ‘Ayn Shams et président de l’Association du patrimoine et des arts traditionnels Lu’ayy Sa‘îd Monica Hannâ Directeur du Centre des études coptes Présidente de l’Unité archéologique à l’Académie arabe des sciences, technologies et transport maritime Muhammad Abû Si‘da Président du National Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH) Muhammad al-Kahlâwî Président de l’Union générale des archéologues arabes Muhammad Fârûq Muna ‘Abd al-Ghanî Haggâg Mustafa al-Fiqî Nagwa al-Shâzlî Ra’fat al-Nabarâwî Sâlih Lam‘î Directeur du National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) Présidente de la Société archéologique d’Alexandrie Directeur de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Bibalex) Présidente du conseil d’administration du Sound and Light Company Ancien doyen de la faculté d’Archéologie Professeur d’architecture et directeur du Centre de ressuscitation du patrimoine architectural islamique - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 249 VIII - INDEX A B Académies Russian Academy of Sciences .................232 ADN ................................................27, 29, 210 Aéroports .....26, 46, 73, 78, 84, 131, 183, 230, 240, 245 Aéroport international du Caire .25, 45, 124, 182, 183 Agence Japonaise de Coopération Internationale (JICA) .........................56, 155 Agences de presse Agence France Presse (AFP) ......33, 34, 158, 159, 173, 174 Deutsche Presse-Agentur (dpa) ..........66, 85 Middle East News Agency (MENA) ...15, 33, 34, 35, 38, 43, 54, 55, 62, 85, 90, 92, 97, 115, 121, 145, 156, 159, 161, 175, 209, 220, 227, 232, 235 Reuters ....................................70, 86, 94, 95 al-Azhar ...............................................203, 239 Amphore .................................................20, 21 Amulette..........61, 78, 116, 141, 142, 187, 221 Anatomie humaine Barbe.......................................................105 Dent ....................................32, 70, 104, 186 Squelette.....................74, 75, 210, 217, 232 Torse .......................................................187 Ancre ...............................................20, 21, 121 Ankh ....................................................147, 182 Aqueduc ..................................10, 11, 224, 225 Arbres Cèdre ......................................................214 Palmier ....................................................192 Armée..................................................120, 197 Armes Char ..............................18, 32, 99, 204, 205 Cuirasse...............................................96, 97 Fusil .........................................................120 Lance ...............10, 11, 16, 22, 118, 181, 234 Artères historiques Rue al-Mu‘izz l-Dîn Allâh al-Fâtimî .....86, 88, 119, 135, 166, 201, 243 Bâb-s Bâb al-Nasr ..................................... 144, 145 Bâb al-Sha‘riyya............................... 123, 239 Bains ............................................................ 149 Bandelette ................................................... 187 Banques World Bank ............................................... 94 Barques ..... 36, 37, 56, 59, 62, 79, 99, 206, 240 Barque de Chéops .. 36, 37, 56, 62, 240, 245 Barque solaire ........................................... 99 Bateau ................... 36, 37, 56, 61, 62, 120, 226 Bibliothèques .......................... 11, 51, 107, 245 Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Bibalex) .. 139, 151, 164, 180, 181, 184, 185, 245, 249 Bijoux .......... 21, 31, 35, 36, 75, 77, 81, 99, 120 Bracelet ............................................. 75, 118 Collier.................. 91, 99, 104, 147, 217, 230 Bîmâristâns .................................................. 135 Bitume ................................................. 218, 219 Braille .................................. 24, 65, 71, 72, 146 Bustes ................ 28, 96, 99, 106, 119, 169, 210 Buste de Néfertiti.................... 106, 119, 139 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 C Cachettes .............................. 90, 116, 144, 206 Cachette d’al-‘Asâsîf ............................... 116 Canneaux Canal al-Mansûriyya ................................ 101 Canal de Suez ..... 18, 30, 118, 122, 123, 240 Cartographie .. 39, 53, 64, 71, 97, 98, 100, 134, 146, 149, 157, 225 Cartonnage ................................. 183, 217, 221 Cartouche .................................................... 190 Catacombes Catacombes de Kom al-Shuqâfa ..... 36, 219, 228, 240 Catalogue............................................ 144, 164 Centres de recherches Alexandria Centre for Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cutural Heritage (CMAUCH) ..................... 20, 249 250 Index American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) ............................................................176 Centre d’Études Alexandrines (CEAlex)...33, 66, 189 Centre Franco-Égyptien d’Études des Temples de Karnak (CFEETK) ...............33 National Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) ............................................................249 Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology in Cairo (PCMA) ..74, 75, 85, 143 The Egypt Exploration Society (EES) ........95 Writing and Scripts Center..............180, 181 Céramique...............................20, 82, 198, 218 Cercueil ...............................................181, 218 Céréales ........................................................75 Chaînes de télévision ........................12, 60, 98 Chambre funéraire ................78, 190, 210, 217 Chapelles ..............................................30, 222 Chasse ...........................................................79 Cimetières ..13, 23, 40, 41, 50, 73, 74, 78, 103, 128, 141, 210, 218, 220, 221, 232 Citadelles ....................132, 158, 159, 173, 174 Citadelle de Qâytbây ...10, 17, 21, 132, 139, 235, 243 Citadelle du Caire .............................21, 139 Clubs Rotary Club ...............................................36 Colonnes ......45, 53, 60, 74, 98, 109, 190, 222, 233 Colosses ......................................................180 Comités ......30, 34, 68, 70, 100, 138, 160, 162, 172, 177, 179, 185, 197, 220 Comité permanent des Antiquités du CSA ..........................63, 73, 76, 145, 160, 241 Commerce.....................................................78 Compagnies du BTP Orascom Construction Industries.....47, 112, 133, 134 The Arab Contractors Osman Ahmed Osman & Co. ................................40, 178 Congrès ...............................................160, 161 Conseil Suprême des Antiquités 16, 21, 22, 26, 30, 34, 39, 40, 45, 47, 48, 49, 57, 59, 63, 67, 74, 75, 77, 79, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 100, 102, 103, 105, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 125, 132, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, 145, 153, 154, 157, 162, 163, 164, 168, 170, 172, 176, 177, 179, 182, 190, 195, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 207, 208, 209, 211, 216, 221, 222, 223, 229, 234, 235, 241, 242, 243 Conservation .... 13, 34, 35, 58, 85, 96, 97, 116, 153, 155, 156, 164, 165 Coopération ... 9, 10, 13, 19, 20, 24, 26, 36, 38, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 82, 85, 88, 95, 107, 109, 120, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 137, 140, 142, 143, 145, 149, 152, 153, 155, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 171, 175, 176, 178, 185, 186, 196, 198, 200, 203, 206, 207, 209, 210, 212, 213, 216, 220, 225, 226, 227, 231, 233, 234, 240 Coran..................................................... 78, 207 Cosmétique ....................................... 24, 25, 65 Parfum ..................................................... 230 Couleurs blanc ........................... 27, 99, 181, 201, 215 bleu ..................................... 61, 91, 141, 205 jaune ............................................... 181, 214 noir 48, 59, 79, 158, 181, 205, 218, 219, 232 orange..................................................... 198 rose ..................................................... 32, 40 rouge ...................................................... 190 Coupole ...................................................... 178 Couronnes ........... 64, 76, 91, 99, 120, 147, 180 Double couronne .................................... 180 Croix ............................................................ 221 D Demeures bourgeoises Bayt Ibrâhîm al-Sinnârî .................... 184, 185 Bayt Zaynab Khattûn ............................... 115 Description de l’Égypte ................................ 52 Déserts .......................................................... 75 Désert Occidental ................................... 173 Marsa ‘Alam .......................................... 74 Nouvelle Vallée .. 146, 239, 240, 246, 248 Désert Oriental ......................................... 75 Dinar ............................................ 168, 169, 232 Disque solaire.......................... 46, 76, 183, 209 Divinités.... 30, 48, 59, 65, 69, 70, 76, 120, 128, 129, 136, 142, 147, 169, 177, 180, 182, 183, 230 Amon ..... 10, 25, 41, 92, 115, 116, 118, 136, 143, 181, 182, 222 Amon-Rê ................................................. 136 Anubis ............................................. 182, 206 Apis ......................................................... 141 Bastet .................................. 25, 70, 128, 129 Harpocrate ................................................ 25 251 Index Hathor ......30, 46, 48, 50, 59, 147, 177, 180, 182, 183, 230 Horus....24, 65, 70, 103, 125, 141, 142, 177, 230 Isis ..16, 17, 24, 26, 46, 50, 65, 76, 183, 222, 223, 230 Khonsou ..........................................125, 181 Min ......................................................65, 91 Néfertoum...............................114, 115, 116 Neith .........................................................15 Osiris ...................................17, 50, 169, 215 Ptah ..25, 48, 59, 90, 91, 116, 136, 169, 182, 221 Ptah-Soker ...............................................116 Rê-Horakhty ..............................10, 136, 206 Sekhmet ........................35, 48, 59, 120, 150 Sérapis ......................................................16 Sobek ......................................................206 Sokaris .....................................116, 169, 221 Zeus ........................................................185 Dômes ...........................................22, 135, 203 Dromos ..................71, 100, 125, 156, 157, 242 E Eau souterraine .............................92, 123, 124 Écritures Hiératique .................................................28 Hiéroglyphes ....15, 37, 38, 59, 94, 127, 158, 180, 181, 206, 210, 217 Églises .........26, 34, 54, 67, 100, 101, 162, 176 Église al-Mu‘allaqa ............................34, 162 Église Saint-Serge ...................................162 Enchères ..................25, 33, 117, 177, 214, 215 Entrepôts muséologiques ....75, 228, 236, 237, 242, 243, 244 Entreprises Egyptian Sound and Light Show Company (ESLSC) ...............................108, 192, 240 Siemens Medical Solutions .......................27 Environnement ..............................................74 Épave ....................................................20, 189 Épices ............................................................75 Époques byzantine .........................................231, 232 copte ..21, 26, 33, 34, 45, 46, 48, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 67, 76, 100, 135, 145, 149, 162, 168, 176, 177, 183, 191, 212, 235 gréco-romaine .....15, 46, 49, 55, 61, 66, 90, 103, 104, 150, 168, 183, 185, 191, 221, 230, 246 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 grecque 15, 26, 66, 117, 148, 153, 168, 212, 229 islamique ...... 10, 11, 34, 184, 186, 224, 231, 232, 245, 247, 249 abbasside ................................... 169, 231 ayyoubide ........................................... 231 fatimide 68, 112, 115, 123, 135, 178, 183, 184, 196 mamelouke . 33, 34, 75, 76, 145, 185, 224 ottomane ...................... 78, 130, 170, 196 pharaonique Ancien Empire 50, 83, 118, 128, 129, 229 IVe dynastie..................................... 147 Basse époque ...... 25, 158, 177, 183, 206, 215 XXVIe dynastie . 90, 103, 115, 116, 125, 150, 169, 170 XXVIIe dynastie ................................. 25 XXXe dynastie ................................. 150 Deuxième Période intermédiaire XIIIe dynastie..................................... 94 Moyen Empire ...................... 25, 214, 215 XIIe dynastie...................................... 25 Nouvel Empire . 25, 61, 99, 120, 211, 215, 218, 232 XIXe dynastie ................ 25, 28, 52, 180 XVIIIe dynastie .................... 10, 78, 230 Troisième Période intermédiaire .......... 25 XXIe dynastie ...................... 24, 65, 181 prédynastique ......................... 118, 120, 196 préhistoire .. 35, 41, 44, 61, 75, 82, 172, 191, 206, 212, 219, 242 ptolémaïque 15, 16, 30, 40, 41, 60, 218, 230 romaine .... 15, 16, 25, 26, 35, 41, 46, 49, 55, 61, 66, 75, 90, 95, 103, 104, 117, 125, 150, 153, 168, 183, 185, 186, 191, 212, 214, 215, 219, 221, 229, 230, 232, 242, 247 Équinoxe ..................................................... 137 Érosion ........................................................ 173 Exposition archéologique .... 16, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 46, 49, 58, 60, 61, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 95, 96, 111, 112, 114, 120, 122, 123, 125, 132, 139, 140, 143, 144, 147, 148, 150, 152, 154, 155, 163, 164, 165, 166, 172, 174, 175, 180, 183, 185, 186, 189, 191, 193, 197, 200, 206, 207, 208, 212, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 234 252 Index F Faïence ..........................................91, 125, 141 Famille royale Bérénice ..............................................74, 75 Méritaton ..................................................64 Néfertari ..................................................193 Néfertiti ......63, 64, 105, 106, 118, 139, 182, 230 Pentaour..............................................27, 28 Figurine .......................................116, 142, 170 Fleurs ...............................77, 91, 100, 112, 222 Lotus ...................................77, 91, 100, 112 Fondations Art D’Égypte Foundation ................165, 166 Honor Frost Foundation............................21 Fonds Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP) .................................................178 Fonds de développement culturel (CDF)249 Fonds Khéops pour l'archéologie ...............9 Nubian Antiquities Salvage Fund (NASF) 35, 239 Fontaine ..............................................139, 190 Fossile .........................................................219 Fouilles archéologiques ...9, 15, 21, 30, 42, 47, 48, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 66, 78, 81, 82, 87, 90, 102, 103, 107, 110, 115, 116, 125, 126, 128, 132, 141, 146, 150, 160, 161, 168, 176, 177, 178, 196, 197, 211, 220, 221, 223, 232, 233, 234, 237, 238, 242 Fouilles illcites 15, 21, 42, 55, 56, 57, 60, 87, 161, 177, 233, 234 G Gabal al-Silsila ...............................................78 Gabal al-Tayr ...............................................162 Gouvernorats....21, 40, 42, 51, 52, 55, 75, 122, 146, 196, 199, 205, 231, 238 Gouvernorat d’al-Buhayra .........................55 Gouvernorat d’al-Daqahliyya ............51, 199 Gouvernorat d’al-Minyâ ............................81 Gouvernorat d’al-Sharqiyya ................40, 42 Gouvernorat d’Aswân ...............................53 Gouvernorat de Gîza.................................89 Gouvernorat de Kafr al-Shaykh ...............150 Gouvernorat de la Nouvelle Vallée .........146 Gouvernorat de Louqsor.........................123 Gouvernorat de Marsa Matrûh ...........21, 26 Gouvernorat de Qinâ ........................75, 196 Gouvernorat du Caire .................18, 68, 192 Graffiti ...........................................................41 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Grand Prêtre................................................ 142 Guerre ......... 112, 119, 120, 160, 174, 182, 192 H Harem............................................................ 27 Humidité.................................................. 36, 56 Hyksôs ........................................................... 32 I Icône ................................................... 164, 239 Îles ......................................................... 53, 125 Chypre .................................................... 210 Incendie..................................... 49, 52, 54, 226 Inhumation .................................................. 199 Inondation ................................................... 160 Insectes Scarabée .. 24, 50, 65, 78, 79, 141, 142, 187, 210, 230, 231 Termite.................................................... 217 Instituts Institut du Monde Arabe (IMA) ................. 17 Institut européen d’archéologie sousmarine (IEASM) ..................................... 77 Institut français d’archéologie orientale (Ifao) .................... 9, 33, 66, 107, 144, 196 Instruments de toilette Miroir......................................................... 91 Internet ..... 20, 33, 78, 117, 121, 122, 127, 144, 148, 154, 177, 186, 188 Islam .............................................................. 81 Ivoire ..................................................... 91, 210 J Jardins ......................... 35, 39, 40, 42, 130, 173 Jarre ........................................ 25, 41, 182, 183 Juif ....... 33, 34, 63, 67, 135, 149, 168, 177, 235 K Kom-s Kom al-Ahmar ......................................... 220 Kom al-Dikka ........................................... 143 Kom al-Khilgân........................................ 125 Kom al-Shuqâfa................. 36, 219, 228, 240 Kom Ûshîm........................ 49, 120, 242, 245 L Lacs ‘Ayn al-Sîra .............................................. 191 Lac Qârûn................................................ 221 Lampe ......................................................... 201 253 Index Le Caire historique .22, 76, 112, 115, 123, 144, 166, 201, 203, 210, 225, 239, 240 Le Caire khédivial ........................................192 Ligue arabe .................................................192 Liste du patrimoine ...........................14, 33, 34 Livre des Morts ......................................50, 127 Lois Loi 117/1983 ...........................138, 185, 230 M Magie ............................................................32 Maladies ..................28, 29, 103, 169, 185, 234 Athérosclérose ..........................................28 Cancer ...............................................75, 184 Covid-19 ....9, 12, 13, 19, 22, 25, 27, 31, 33, 36, 53, 58, 60, 62, 66, 70, 73, 77, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 101, 108, 113, 116, 124, 131, 143, 148, 155, 161, 167, 174, 185, 186, 211, 212, 221, 227, 230, 235 Crise cardiaque ...................................28, 29 Paludisme................................................129 Pneumonie ......................................103, 104 Mammifères .....24, 50, 65, 69, 70, 78, 81, 129, 170, 221 Babouin ...............................................24, 65 Chameau ...................................................69 Chat .....24, 50, 65, 69, 70, 74, 75, 117, 128, 129, 215 Chauve-souris .........................................222 Cheval .........................17, 18, 146, 192, 210 Chien ...................................................69, 75 Éléphant ..............................................38, 75 Léopard ...............................................79, 99 Lion .................................125, 128, 129, 185 Mouton .....................................................27 Porcelet .....................................................75 Singe ...................................................74, 75 Vache ..............................................147, 230 Manuscrit .........54, 78, 127, 153, 164, 184, 244 Marina ...........................................................91 Masques .12, 20, 23, 46, 84, 86, 126, 137, 169, 170, 183, 186, 217, 221, 235 Masque de Toutankhamon .....................126 Matériaux de construction Béton ......................................................188 Bois 25, 37, 56, 71, 79, 83, 91, 99, 102, 108, 115, 116, 119, 132, 134, 158, 164, 169, 182, 190, 200, 205, 208, 213, 214, 221, 232 Ébène ...................................................91 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Brique ..................................................... 196 Brique crue...................................... 125, 196 Ciment .................................. 73, 74, 92, 108 Plâtre ............................................... 158, 190 Mausolées ................................... 124, 135, 178 Mausolée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î ......... 178, 203 Médecine .................. 28, 29, 89, 185, 186, 234 Mers Mer Méditerranée ....... 74, 85, 117, 143, 173 Alexandrie ... 10, 20, 42, 75, 87, 117, 138, 180, 206, 219, 228, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249 Marsa Matrûh..... 10, 19, 21, 26, 157, 158, 159, 173, 242, 248 Mer Rouge ... 19, 70, 74, 170, 173, 204, 241, 248 al-Qusayr .................... 170, 171, 204, 205 Hurghada . 10, 19, 70, 79, 83, 90, 91, 143, 152, 228, 248 Safâgâ ................................................. 204 Sharm al-Shaykh .... 19, 23, 24, 25, 49, 50, 64, 65, 79, 136, 143, 145, 151, 152, 228, 245, 246 Métaux ............................ 96, 99, 185, 187, 200 Argent ..................... 21, 78, 91, 99, 204, 230 Bronze .... 25, 26, 46, 91, 114, 115, 116, 117, 183, 198, 214, 215, 230 Cuivre .................................... 37, 77, 78, 205 Or 66, 77, 79, 91, 98, 118, 128, 168, 169, 221, 229, 230, 231, 232 Plomb ........................................................ 20 Minaret ................................................ 201, 203 Minbar ..................................................... 75, 76 Ministères Ministère de l’Habitat ............................... 11 Ministère de la Culture ................. 9, 82, 166 Ministère des Affaires étrangères ... 192, 205 Ministère des Waqfs ............................... 178 Ministère du Tourisme et de l’Archéologie9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 101, 102, 103, 106, 109, 110, 111, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 254 Index 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180,181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 208, 211, 212, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247 Moine ..........................................................176 Moïse.............................................................54 Momies...26, 27, 28, 29, 43, 45, 46, 58, 61, 63, 65, 69, 70, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 112, 116, 118, 123, 126, 127, 128, 129, 144, 147, 168, 169, 170, 172, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 191, 192, 193, 202, 208, 216, 217, 218, 219, 232 Screaming Woman Mummy......................27 The 'screaming mummy' .....................27, 29 Momification .70, 104, 129, 181, 191, 217, 218 Monastères ................................34, 54, 68, 149 Dayr Abû Fânâ ..........................................34 Dayr al-Banât ..........................168, 231, 232 Monastère de Saint Bishoy .......................34 Monastère de Saint Ménas .......................42 Monastère de Sainte-Catherine 54, 148, 149 Monnaie ...78, 81, 99, 158, 168, 174, 175, 185, 221, 230, 231 Mosquées ......76, 135, 158, 163, 187, 207, 208 Mosquée ‘Amr Ibn al-‘Âas ......................228 Mosquée Aghrûmî ..................................157 Mosquée al-Azhar ...................................203 Mosquée de l’imâm al-Shâfi‘î..........177, 178 Mosquée Muhammad ‘Alî...............197, 203 Mosquée Sayyida Ruqayya .....................115 Mosquée Sayyida Zaynab .......................204 Mosquée Sîdî Madyan al-Ashmûnî .123, 124 Mosquée Sultan Abû al-‘Ilâ .......................76 Musées Amos Rex ................................................122 British Museum .................................17, 214 De Young Museum .................................229 Grand Musée Égyptien (GEM) .....13, 14, 15, 35, 36, 37, 45, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 76, 77, 80, 83, 89, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 134, 137, 144, 148, 154, 155, 160, 164, 170, 172, 175, 176, 178, 179, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 203, 209, 211, 226, 228, 229, 243, 244, 245, 246 Houston Museum of Natural Sciences ....229 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Kumu Art Museum .................................. 122 Musée archéologique d’Hurghada .... 79, 83, 90, 91 Musée archéologique d’Ismâ‘îliyya ......... 246 Musée archéologique de Kafr al-Shaykh . 55, 150, 202, 205, 246 Musée archéologique de la Bibliotheca Alexandrina......................................... 245 Musée archéologique de la nouvelle capitale administrative....... 100, 111, 112, 172, 182, 198 Musée archéologique de la Nouvelle Vallée .................................................... 146, 246 Musée archéologique de Louqsor ..... 10, 21, 90, 120, 182, 206, 208 Musée archéologique de Mallawî .... 81, 120, 245 Musée archéologique de Marsa Matrûh ... 21 Musée archéologique de Rosette ........... 246 Musée archéologique de Sharm al-Shaykh ... 23, 24, 25, 49, 50, 64, 65, 79, 145, 245, 246 Musée archéologique de Suez ............... 244 Musée archéologique de Suhâg ...... 83, 120, 244 Musée archéologique de Tantâ .............. 245 Musée Atonien................................ 203, 245 Musée Copte .................. 10, 21, 62, 63, 245 Musée d’Art islamique . 10, 21, 26, 120, 164, 184, 185, 186, 204, 207, 210, 223, 224, 231, 232, 233, 245 Musée de Kom Ûshîm ............... 49, 120, 245 Musée de l’aéroport du Caire 25, 26, 45, 46, 182, 183 Musée de la Barque de Chéops ............. 245 Musée de la Nubie ..... 10, 21, 188, 189, 245 Musée de Plein Air ............ 71, 101, 157, 210 Musée des Bijoux royaux ..... 21, 35, 36, 120, 246 Musée des Carrosses royaux . 17, 18, 55, 71, 72, 83, 139, 140, 146, 150, 151, 152, 170, 198, 204, 205, 234 Musée des Textiles égyptiens 119, 219, 220, 245 Musée du Louvre ................................ 9, 196 Musée du palais Manyal ................. 120, 246 Musée Égyptien ... 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 23, 26, 27, 33, 35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 73, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 89, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 255 Index 111, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 133, 134, 137, 144, 148, 153, 154, 155, 160, 164, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189, 192, 193, 194, 202, 203, 209, 211, 216, 220, 226, 227, 228, 229, 234, 240, 243, 244, 245, 246 Musée Erwin Rommel .......................21, 246 Musée Gayer-Anderson ..........120, 212, 245 Musée gréco-romain ...........................46, 49 Musée national d’Alexandrie ...42, 117, 120, 206, 219, 245 Musée national de la Civilisation égyptienne (NMEC) .....13, 42, 43, 55, 57, 58, 61, 80, 82, 83, 95, 101, 106, 109, 119, 129, 130, 146, 147, 170, 171, 172, 175, 180, 189, 190, 191, 192, 202, 203, 204, 212, 213, 216, 219, 220, 228, 229, 233, 245 Musée national géorgien ....................95, 96 Museo Egizio di Torino ...........................122 Národní muzeum ........................68, 82, 114 Virginia Museum of Fine Arts ..............16, 17 Muséologie ....75, 91, 144, 183, 236, 237, 242, 243, 244 Musique.....11, 39, 88, 106, 138, 139, 147, 192 Instruments de musique Trompette .............................................91 N Nappe phréatique .......................................228 National Organisation for Urban Harmony (NOUH) .......................................52, 68, 249 Natron ...........................................................70 Navire ..............................................20, 52, 189 Nécropoles ...34, 102, 114, 115, 116, 129, 170, 208 Nécropole de Saqqâra.....99, 102, 114, 115, 116, 133, 169, 170, 171, 208, 211 Niche .............................................61, 141, 207 Nil .......17, 21, 32, 41, 44, 51, 68, 95, 122, 155, 162, 173, 192, 205, 245 Nine Pyramids Lounge and Restaurant ......133, 135, 136 Noms de lieux Allemagne 39, 104, 105, 106, 112, 113, 118, 139, 159, 229 Berlin.....................................64, 105, 139 Munich ................................................104 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Arabie saoudite.. 39, 95, 163, 164, 174, 175, 207, 208, 233 Dhahran ................................ 95, 163, 207 Australie ............................................ 39, 159 Autriche............................... 39, 72, 104, 140 Vienne................................................. 151 Belgique............ 39, 127, 131, 132, 151, 159 Biélorussie ................................... 19, 39, 136 Bosnie-Herzégovine ................................ 171 Brésil ....................................................... 159 Bulgarie ..................................................... 39 Chili ................................................... 39, 159 Chine....................................... 174, 175, 233 Confédération suisse ............ 17, 19, 39, 118 Corée du Sud .................................... 39, 151 Danemark................................................ 140 Écosse ............................................. 213, 214 Aberdeen.................................... 213, 214 Égypte Alexandrie . 10, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 35, 36, 42, 49, 62, 66, 75, 76, 87, 94, 102, 111, 117, 118, 120, 132, 137, 138, 139, 143, 153, 161, 162, 180, 188, 206, 219, 228, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249 Abû Mînâ .......................................... 42 Abûqîr .......................... 16, 17, 76, 241 al-‘Âmiriyya ..................................... 242 al-Anfûshî ....................................... 189 al-Shallâlât ........................................ 66 Burg al-‘Arab ...................... 66, 78, 238 Héraklion .......................................... 16 Kom al-Dikka .................................. 143 Kom al-Shuqâfa ........ 36, 219, 228, 240 Delta 32, 52, 53, 162, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244 al-Buhayra ........ 55, 238, 239, 242, 248 Rosette ......... 37, 237, 241, 245, 246 Wâdî al-Natrûn ..................... 34, 162 al-Daqahliyya ... 51, 125, 126, 199, 239, 243, 248 Kom al-Khilgân........................... 125 Tell al-Farkha .............................. 126 al-Gharbiyya ... 237, 239, 240, 241, 248 Tantâ .................................. 228, 245 al-Ismâ‘îliyya ..... 24, 122, 243, 246, 248 al-Mansûra .............................. 199, 247 al-Munûfiyya ............. 14, 237, 244, 248 al-Qalyûbiyya.......................... 189, 242 256 Index al-Sharqiyya ........40, 42, 228, 242, 248 Qantîr .....................................40, 52 Sân al-Hagar (Tanis) 9, 40, 107, 121, 160, 228 al-Zaqâzîq .......................................247 Damiette.........153, 228, 237, 242, 248 Kafr al-Shaykh ..55, 150, 151, 202, 205, 242, 243, 246, 248 Tell al-Farâ‘în ......................150, 243 Gîza 10, 15, 17, 21, 46, 47, 52, 53, 56, 59, 60, 69, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 95, 97, 98, 101, 102, 108, 112, 116, 124, 125, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 153, 165, 166, 205, 213, 214, 216, 217, 227, 228, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 248 Abûsîr .......................................81, 114 al-Lisht ............................................241 Dahshûr ..............49, 93, 228, 241, 244 Memphis.....................94, 95, 111, 146 Mît Rahîna ...47, 48, 59, 180, 182, 237, 239 Saqqâra .......49, 50, 63, 65, 85, 93, 99, 102, 110, 114, 115, 116, 125, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 140, 146, 147, 169, 170, 171, 175, 180, 194, 195, 208, 211, 221, 232, 238, 241, 243 Bubastéion .................................129 Haute-Égypte ......21, 40, 73, 81, 99, 142, 162, 187, 220 Aswân ....10, 17, 21, 24, 53, 54, 60, 78, 86, 91, 127, 136, 173, 176, 180, 188, 189, 217, 222, 223, 228, 236, 237, 245, 248 Abû Simbil.....10, 21, 108, 136, 137, 237, 239 Gabal al-Silsila ..............................78 Idfû ...............................60, 108, 243 Philæ ..........10, 21, 53, 91, 108, 127 Qubbat al-Hawâ .................217, 218 Shîha ..........................................176 Asyût ................84, 240, 241, 242, 248 Louqsor .10, 15, 21, 27, 49, 56, 57, 70, 71, 73, 74, 90, 92, 100, 101, 120, 123, 143, 155, 156, 157, 160, 173, 182, 187, 188, 197, 206, 208, 222, 237, 241, 243, 244, 247, 248 al-‘Asâsîf ...............83, 116, 125, 206 al-Dayr al-Baharî ..10, 21, 27, 29, 65, 143, 181 al-Qurna .....................187, 188, 238 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 al-Tûd ......................................... 244 Isnâ ....................... 15, 155, 156, 237 Karnak . 10, 21, 33, 74, 92, 101, 108, 157, 222, 236, 237, 242, 243 Nag‘ Abû ‘Usba ............. 101, 125 Thèbes ....................................... 111 Nubie .... 10, 21, 53, 91, 176, 189, 223, 228, 236, 240, 245 Qinâ. 21, 30, 67, 68, 75, 196, 197, 220, 228, 237, 238, 239, 241, 243 Farshût ....................................... 196 Nag‘ Hammâdî . 30, 31, 34, 196, 236 Naqâda .......................... 67, 68, 125 Qal‘at Shaykh Hammâm .... 196, 197 Qift ............................................... 75 Qûs .............................................. 75 Le Caire10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 32, 33, 36, 39, 44, 45, 46, 55, 58, 59, 62, 68, 72, 76, 85, 88, 93, 94, 95, 97, 103, 107, 112, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153, 162, 163, 164, 166, 170, 171, 173, 175, 176, 177, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 192, 194, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 210, 212, 223, 224, 225, 226, 229, 230, 232, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249 al-Darb al-Ahmar .................... 236, 243 al-Fustât. 42, 43, 55, 57, 58, 61, 80, 82, 101, 106, 109, 112, 129, 146, 171, 175, 179, 180, 189, 191, 192, 202, 203, 212, 216, 236, 239, 243 al-Gamâliyya ........................... 145, 241 Bâb al-Khalq ... 120, 185, 204, 231, 233 Bûlâq ........ 72, 139, 150, 182, 198, 204 Centre-ville ....................................... 68 Darb al-Labbâna ............................. 188 Héliopolis .... 12, 16, 19, 27, 38, 39, 63, 83, 205, 231 Hilwân............................. 188, 233, 247 Ma‘âdî ............................................ 162 Matariyya ........................ 237, 239, 245 Sayyida Zaynab .............. 130, 204, 242 Shubrâ .................................... 189, 238 Vieux-Caire .. 10, 62, 88, 144, 145, 162, 163, 171, 203, 242, 243 Zamâlik 13, 14, 40, 131, 140, 148, 152, 225 257 Index Marsa Bâgûsh (Ladamantia) ..................20 Marsa Matrûh al-‘Alamayn ...............................40, 146 Moyenne-Égypte ................203, 238, 245 Banî Swayf ..24, 84, 203, 237, 247, 248 Fayyûm ......66, 84, 101, 120, 124, 134, 168, 169, 220, 221, 231, 232, 236, 239, 243, 247, 248 Dayr al-Banât .............168, 231, 232 Hawwâra ....................103, 105, 186 Kom Ûshîm ...........49, 120, 242, 245 Qasr Qârûn ................................221 Minyâ ...34, 35, 49, 55, 81, 84, 90, 103, 125, 141, 142, 144, 162, 176, 177, 203, 221, 238, 240, 242, 247, 248 al-Amarna .....................99, 111, 237 al-Ashmûnayn (Hermopolis Magna) .................................49, 142, 209 al-Bahnasâ ..........176, 177, 221, 243 Mallawî ..34, 81, 120, 203, 221, 236, 245 Tûna al-Gabal 81, 90, 103, 125, 141, 142, 144, 221, 238 al-Ghurayfa .....90, 103, 125, 141, 142, 221 Suhâg ......83, 120, 228, 233, 234, 238, 242, 244, 247, 248 Abîdus ....................40, 41, 228, 237 Akhmîm ..................................24, 65 Nouvelle-Vallée al-Dâkhla ........................................240 Balât ...........................................237 Port Sa‘îd ..........26, 29, 30, 118, 122, 248 Sinaï .......19, 23, 24, 25, 54, 65, 149, 162, 185, 228, 236, 239, 241, 242, 244 Nord-Sinaï ..............................185, 239 al-Qantara Est ............................243 Rafah ..........................................185 Sud-Sinaï .19, 23, 24, 25, 54, 149, 241, 242, 244 Sainte-Catherine ..................54, 149 Sirâbît al-Khâdim ........................242 Suez .....18, 26, 30, 46, 49, 118, 122, 123, 182, 183, 240, 244 Émirats arabes unis Dubaï ..................................................193 Espagne ............................................39, 159 Barcelona ............................................221 Estonie ....................................................122 Tallinn .................................................122 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 États-Unis ....... 12, 16, 17, 25, 74, 76, 77, 86, 117, 118, 144, 151, 159, 166, 174, 229, 230 Boston ................................................ 229 California .................................... 127, 229 Chicago .............................................. 186 Dallas .................................................. 166 Los Angeles .................................... 70, 79 New York .............................. 41, 117, 177 Philadelphia ........................................ 153 San Francisco ...................................... 229 Texas .......................................... 166, 229 Virginia............................................ 16, 17 Éthiopie..................................................... 21 Finlande ............................................ 39, 122 Helsinki ............................................... 122 France ...... 9, 14, 17, 31, 33, 39, 70, 71, 107, 159, 197, 229 Paris ........................................ 70, 79, 229 Géorgie ............................................... 39, 96 Grèce .......................................... 39, 75, 210 Hongrie ........................................... 152, 153 Inde ............................. 74, 75, 174, 175, 233 Iran .......................................................... 233 Italie . 39, 122, 123, 126, 127, 151, 157, 158, 159 Rome .................................................... 75 Turin.................................................... 122 Japon ..... 39, 56, 58, 59, 151, 155, 159, 209, 225, 226 Jordanie .................................................. 159 Kazakhstan ................................................ 39 Koweït ....................................................... 44 Lettonie ................................................... 159 Liban ....................................................... 217 Beyrouth ............................................. 160 Libye ....................................................... 174 Malte ......................................................... 39 Maroc ...................................................... 151 Mexique Mexico .................................................. 39 Pologne..................... 85, 142, 143, 151, 159 Portugal .......................................... 159, 197 République d’Ouzbékistan ..................... 153 République de Serbie ............................... 39 République dominicaine ........................... 66 République tchèque ............... 68, 80, 82, 83 Prague ... 68, 69, 80, 81, 82, 83, 114, 153, 154 258 Index Royaume-Uni..17, 31, 32, 39, 62, 63, 69, 72, 140, 161, 229 Londres 31, 63, 70, 71, 79, 161, 214, 215, 229 Russie ................................................72, 140 Soudan ............................................130, 160 Soudan du Sud .......................................160 Suède ................................................39, 159 Syrie ..................................................44, 160 Tanzanie ....................................................44 Ukraine ........................................19, 39, 136 Union Européenne ..........151, 158, 159, 173 Noms de personnes ‘Abbâs (al-Tayyib)...60, 89, 96, 98, 144, 148, 154, 160, 164, 176, 179, 245 ‘Abd al-‘Azîz (Muhammad) .....108, 112, 192, 240 ‘Abd al-Basîr (al-Husayn) .........................245 ‘Abd al-Gawwâd (Sha‘bân) ..............158, 243 ‘Abd al-Maqsûd (Muhammad) ................240 ‘Abd al-Nâsir (Gamâl) ........................81, 238 ‘Abd al-Râziq (Sabâh) 11, 179, 220, 227, 246 ‘Awad (Muhammad) .61, 137, 176, 189, 223, 240 ‘Azab (Khâlid) ..........................................245 ‘Ukâsha (Ashraf) .......................................237 ‘Urâbî (Ahmad) ............................71, 73, 237 ‘Uthmân (Mamdûh) .................185, 204, 231 Abû al-‘Ilâ (Wa‘d).....................9, 22, 24, 244 Abû al-Khayr (Usâma) ......................243, 246 Adams (Matthew) ......................................41 al-‘Ashmâwî (Ayman) .......................223, 238 al-‘Inânî (Khâlid)....11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 25, 31, 32, 33, 35, 39, 40, 47, 55, 57, 58, 61, 64, 66, 71, 74, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100, 106, 107, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 119, 125, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 189, 191, 193, 197, 199, 200, 204, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 219, 221, 223, 225, 231, 232, 234, 239 al-Damâtî (Mamdûh) .......................229, 247 al-Kahlâwî (Muhammad) ..................160, 249 al-Kasabânî (Mukhtâr)......................242, 247 al-Laythî (Hishâm) ....................156, 176, 239 al-Mallâkh (Kamâl) .....................................62 al-Nabrâwî (Ra’fat) ...........................247, 249 al-Nimr (Ahmad) ......................................237 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 al-Sabbâgh (Ahmad) ............... 198, 204, 245 al-Sâdât (Anwar) ...................................... 131 al-Saghîr (Mustafa) .................................. 242 al-Sâwî (Ahmad) ........................................ 30 al-Shûkî (Ahmad) ............................. 196, 247 al-Simistâwî (Gamâl) .......................... 84, 238 al-Sîsî (‘Abd al-Fattâh) 13, 30, 36, 39, 83, 93, 122, 150, 198, 202, 205 al-Tîbî (‘Amr).................................... 131, 236 Amîn (Mustafa) ........................................ 242 Badîr (Muhammad) ................................. 241 Carter (Howard)......................................... 97 De Lesseps (Ferdinand) 26, 29, 30, 118, 122, 123 Empain (Édouard Louis Joseph) .. 12, 20, 26, 27, 38, 39, 63, 83, 161, 228, 231, 240, 245 Fathî (Hasan) ................................... 187, 188 Ghunaym (Ahmad) ..... 55, 57, 109, 130, 147, 172, 233, 245 Hammâm (Hamdî) ................... 137, 185, 230 Hasan (Silîm).............................................. 64 Hawwâs (Zâhî) 27, 28, 29, 38, 51, 52, 53, 60, 64, 69, 80, 87, 105, 106, 118, 142, 143, 151, 153, 154, 164, 166, 170, 211, 232 Haykal (Fâyza) ......................................... 247 Ikram (Salima) .......................................... 129 Jeffreys (David) ......................................... 95 Jiménez-Serrano (Alejandro) ................... 218 Khidr (Nâdya) .......................................... 242 Lam‘î (Sâlih) ............................................. 249 Lehner (Mark) ............................................ 51 Mabrûk (Mahmûd)........... 24, 49, 57, 61, 197 Marcel (Alexandre) .................................... 63 Michalowski (Kazimierz)........................... 143 Mitwallî (Muhammad)...................... 235, 241 Muftâh (‘Âtif) .. 14, 36, 37, 56, 58, 60, 62, 67, 77, 89, 96, 97, 98, 101, 109, 111, 121, 124, 125, 137, 164, 176, 179, 193, 209, 244 Muhyî al-Dîn (Ashraf) .... 12, 51, 61, 136, 216, 238 Mustafa (Gamâl) ................................ 34, 238 Nelson (Maria) ........................................... 78 Nenna (Marie-Dominique) ...................... 189 Nerlich (Andreas) ............................ 104, 105 Nizâr (Nevine) ..................................... 16, 17 Qutb (‘Abd al-Hamîd) ............................. 242 Radwân (‘Alî) ........................................... 161 Rayhân (‘Abd al-Rahîm) ............. 54, 145, 236 Reeves (Nicholas) ................................ 63, 64 259 Index Rommel (Erwin) .................................21, 246 Rushdî (Mustafa) ......................................242 Sa‘îd (‘Abd al-Mun‘im)53, 91, 136, 176, 223, 236 Salâh al-Dîn (Ilhâm) .................................245 Sâlih (Fathî) ..............................................249 Samîr (Hishâm) .17, 49, 57, 65, 76, 178, 190, 199, 201, 239 Sunbul (Gharîb) .......................................238 Tal‘at (Usâma)...14, 33, 34, 63, 67, 135, 168, 177, 178, 183, 244 Ward (John) ...............................................78 Wazîrî (Mustafa) ....16, 21, 26, 27, 30, 34, 39, 40, 41, 45, 48, 57, 59, 74, 75, 76, 77, 89, 91, 92, 94, 100, 102, 103, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 125, 132, 139, 141, 145, 150, 154, 156, 157, 163, 164, 170, 172, 176, 179, 190, 195, 197, 199, 200, 202, 207, 208, 209, 211, 221, 222, 232, 234, 235, 242 Williams (Harco) ......................................127 Zaydân (‘Îsa) 35, 45, 56, 76, 89, 99, 194, 245 Zaydân (Îmân) ........24, 35, 85, 139, 203, 239 Nouvelle capitale administrative égyptienne ...13, 99, 100, 111, 112, 172, 181, 182, 197, 198 Numérisation .................................................74 O Oasis al-Bahariyya .............................................154 al-Dâkhla .................................238, 240, 243 al-Farâfra .................................................243 al-Khârga .........................146, 236, 237, 240 Sîwa .................157, 158, 159, 173, 174, 239 Shâlî ............................158, 159, 173, 174 Obélisques .....40, 45, 109, 110, 120, 121, 192, 197, 245 Obélisque de Ramsès II ....................40, 121 Oiseaux .............69, 70, 79, 190, 215, 221, 222 Aigle ................................................185, 230 Faucon ..........................................24, 65, 70 Organisations internationales Organisation des Nations unies (ONU) ..151, 159, 165, 216, 217 Organisation islamique pour l’Éducation, les Sciences et la Culture (ISESCO) ......13 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) ...61, 93, 94, 107, 129, 139, 149, 161, 162, 165, 166, 187, 188, 213, 227, 228, 249 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Osiréion ....................................................... 228 Ossements ............................ 32, 104, 129, 186 Ouchebti .. 25, 31, 50, 71, 81, 90, 91, 103, 116, 125, 141, 142, 221 P Pain ................................................... 27, 28, 51 Palais 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 26, 27, 36, 38, 39, 56, 57, 63, 64, 115, 120, 130, 131, 135, 161, 189, 196, 223, 224, 228, 231, 238, 240, 244, 245, 246 Palais Ahmad Hishmat ........................ 13, 14 Palais al-Munîra ............................... 130, 131 Palais al-Sakâkînî ............................... 22, 115 Palais Andraos Pacha .......................... 56, 57 Palais du baron Empain ... 12, 16, 19, 20, 26, 27, 36, 38, 39, 63, 161, 228, 231, 240, 245 Palais du prince Yûsuf Kamâl .................. 196 Palais du sultan Husayn Kâmil................... 63 Palais Manyal ............ 49, 120, 224, 244, 246 Palais Muhammad ‘Alî...... 86, 189, 190, 224, 238 Papyrus .................... 28, 50, 100, 112, 218, 244 Papyrus Ebers ........................................... 28 Particuliers Badi Eset ................................................. 142 Jules César .............................................. 117 Sattjeni .................................................... 218 Peinture ................. 64, 105, 120, 147, 150, 206 Perruque ................................................ 99, 181 Phares .................................................... 26, 189 Pierre de Rosette........................................... 37 Pierres 9, 14, 20, 30, 34, 44, 45, 47, 48, 60, 74, 77, 78, 79, 92, 114, 116, 128, 141, 142, 147, 150, 180, 181, 182, 221 Agate ........................................ 91, 114, 147 Calcaire .. 14, 48, 59, 90, 103, 118, 125, 141, 142, 214 Calcite ..................................................... 187 Grès ........................ 15, 30, 60, 74, 120, 206 Lapis-lazuli....................................... 114, 230 Turquoise ................................................ 114 Places publiques Place al-Rimâya ................................. 89, 189 Place Tahrîr . 14, 32, 47, 55, 60, 68, 192, 227 Plateau de Gîza .... 10, 47, 84, 97, 98, 101, 124, 125, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 153, 165, 228, 244 Pluie ............................................................ 159 Poissons ........................................................ 51 260 Index Polémique .....................................51, 119, 195 Polices .........................................................207 Police du Tourisme et des Antiquités 30, 40, 43, 56, 60, 98, 176, 226, 248 Pollution ..........................................11, 94, 135 Polyester ......................................................141 Porcelaine............................................137, 138 Ports ......16, 74, 75, 78, 95, 137, 138, 160, 237 Port de Bérénice .................................74, 75 Poterie .........41, 75, 78, 99, 125, 141, 223, 232 Presse Ahram Online .18, 29, 42, 76, 79, 81, 87, 99, 102, 115, 116, 120, 121, 133, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 156, 158, 170, 174, 177, 203, 205, 211 al-Ahrâm...10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 29, 31, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 66, 68, 76, 82, 84, 86, 91, 100, 102, 103, 106, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 135, 137, 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 165, 169, 170, 175, 176, 178, 181, 183, 185, 197, 198, 199, 203, 209, 213, 232 al-Dustûr.57, 84, 85, 88, 107, 157, 165, 175, 183, 194, 198, 199, 200, 208, 209, 211, 224, 226, 228, 229 al-Masrî al-Yawm ..10, 11, 15, 18, 20, 21, 27, 31, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 68, 69, 73, 75, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 109, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 127, 132, 135, 137, 142, 144, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 164, 165, 169, 171, 172, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 199, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 219, 220, 223, 234 al-Shurûq ..22, 29, 33, 35, 42, 43, 51, 55, 56, 62, 66, 68, 77, 85, 87, 89, 92, 96, 97, 100, 101, 109, 111, 114, 115, 118, 120, 125, 144, 150, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 164, 173, 176, 198, 200, 202, 205, 214, 220, 227, 232 al-Wafd.......57, 87, 180, 183, 186, 190, 191, 197, 199, 201, 205, 207, 213, 220, 222 al-Watan ........................60, 84, 88, 157, 231 al-Yawm al-Sâbi‘ .....9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 29, 30, 31, 33, 37, 38, 43, 47, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 74, 77, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 78, 79, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,128, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 138, 144, 145, 147, 154, 160, 161, 169, 170, 172, 175, 176, 180, 181, 184, 187, 195, 203, 205, 214, 215, 218, 219, 220, 222, 231, 232, 235 Daily News Egypt. 32, 33, 42, 48, 51, 60, 88, 112, 116, 119, 129, 142, 166, 170, 175, 198, 204, 207, 212 Egypt Independent .... 12, 13, 25, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 59, 60, 66, 70, 73, 77, 79, 81, 84, 87, 91, 95, 100, 103, 111, 116, 118, 123, 129, 133, 137, 142, 145, 150, 155, 170, 182, 193, 195, 227, 230 Egypt Today..... 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 Masrâwî ........................................... 107, 112 Ruz al-Yûsuf ................... 84, 85, 96, 107, 175 Sada al-Balad . 10, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26, 27, 29, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 47, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 59, 66, 68, 73, 76, 77, 79, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 103, 106, 107, 113, 116, 117, 123, 124, 127, 135, 139, 142, 143, 146, 154, 156, 159, 175, 177, 178, 180, 183, 184, 193, 194, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, 219, 220, 223, 224, 231, 233 Vetogate ......................... 107, 144, 165, 184 261 Index Watanî 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 26, 27, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 48, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 68, 78, 89, 92, 102, 109, 114, 125, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 145, 148, 149, 152, 153, 161, 164, 169, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 183, 184, 189, 202, 207, 208, 213, 222, 223, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233 Prêtres ....27, 59, 116, 128, 129, 142, 150, 162, 170, 181, 182, 187 Badi-Amon ..............................................116 Wahtye ............................................128, 129 Prêtresses Isetemkheb III............................................24 Procession ....43, 58, 61, 80, 82, 106, 125, 126, 147, 192, 202 Projets Egyptian Mummies Project .................27, 29 Historic Cairo Rehabilitation Project (HCRP) ............................................201, 239, 240 Puits .................15, 42, 55, 57, 60, 87, 102, 217 Pylône................................................73, 74, 92 Pyramides .....12, 13, 23, 36, 41, 47, 51, 52, 56, 66, 67, 69, 73, 84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 94, 95, 98, 101, 105, 117, 124, 133, 134, 136, 139, 147, 154, 190, 191, 205, 228, 232, 244 Pyramide de Chéops .52, 53, 67, 69, 86, 93, 138, 165, 190, 213, 214, 228 Pyramide de Djoser ..........93, 117, 128, 228 Pyramide de Hawwâra ............................105 Pyramide rhomboïdale..............................93 Pyramide rouge.........................................93 Pyramidion ..................................................206 Q Quatre Fils (ou Enfants) d’Horus .103, 125, 142 R Radiations Rayons X ...........69, 104, 108, 149, 186, 187 Réaménagement ......10, 11, 18, 54, 71, 91, 98, 100, 223, 228 Reconstitution faciale ..........................104, 105 Relique ................................................120, 214 Réplique archéologique 78, 131, 193, 199, 200 Reptiles Cobra ........................................................91 Crocodile ................................22, 24, 65, 69 Serpent .......................................69, 70, 118 Restauration ...9, 13, 17, 19, 22, 35, 37, 39, 40, 43, 45, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 76, 81, 89, 92, 93, 97, 99, 107, 108, BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 115, 117, 121, 124, 126, 140, 143, 144, 145, 149, 151, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 170, 171, 173, 174, 177, 178, 180, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 197, 204, 205, 206, 213, 220, 222, 223, 228, 229, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247 Restitution ........................... 106, 119, 175, 177 Roches Albâtre ...................................... 71, 141, 147 Basalte .................................................... 232 Granit ..... 35, 40, 48, 59, 61, 76, 90, 98, 147, 180 Grès .................................................... 15, 60 Marbre ...................................... 22, 190, 233 S Sabîl-s .......................................................... 119 Sabîl Muhammad ‘Alî ...................... 119, 219 Sainte Famille ........................ 26, 161, 162, 163 Salle hypostyle ............................................ 223 Salles d’enchères Christie’s Inc .............. 25, 117, 118, 214, 215 Sang ............................................................ 173 Sarcophage .. 14, 24, 42, 43, 50, 78, 79, 83, 90, 102, 103, 106, 110, 112, 115, 116, 125, 127, 129, 132, 133, 140, 141, 142, 157, 158, 169, 170, 175, 179, 180, 193, 202, 208, 211, 217, 221, 232 Sauvetage ................................................... 127 Sceptre .................................................. 91, 185 Sérapeum ...................................................... 36 Silo ................................................................ 60 Sociétés Société archéologique d’Alexandrie....... 249 Solstice ................................ 136, 137, 221, 222 Son et lumière ...... 92, 108, 109, 112, 192, 240, 249 Souveraines Arsinoé II ................................................... 76 Hatchepsout.................. 24, 50, 65, 143, 193 Souverains Ahmosis .................................................. 193 Akhenaton........................... 14, 64, 182, 215 Alexandre le Grand ..................... 42, 94, 185 Amenemhat II ..................................... 14, 61 Amenhotep Ier ..................... 10, 78, 193, 206 Amenhotep II .............................. 10, 78, 206 Amenhotep III ......................................... 206 Chéchonq III................................................ 9 262 Index Chéops .......9, 17, 36, 37, 56, 59, 61, 62, 99, 134, 190, 214, 232, 240, 245 Chéphren ........................................134, 229 Djoser ......................................117, 147, 228 Horemheb .......................................107, 108 Mérenptah ..............................180, 182, 202 Montouhotep II .......................................127 Mykérinos ................................................133 Pépi Ier .......................................................94 Pépi II ........................................................94 Psammétique Ier ......................................215 Ptolémée Évergète Ier ...................30, 74, 76 Ptolémée Évergète II ..........................74, 76 Ptolémée IV Philopator .............................30 Ramsès Ier ...9, 14, 27, 28, 35, 40, 48, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 98, 109, 112, 120, 121, 136, 137, 150, 180, 193 Ramsès II ....9, 14, 27, 28, 35, 40, 48, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 98, 109, 112, 120, 121, 136, 137, 150, 180, 193 Ramsès VI ..........................................35, 230 Séqénenrê .........................................28, 193 Séthi Ier ............................................120, 193 Smenkhkarê ..............................................64 Souverains musulmans ‘Alî (Muhammad) ...17, 86, 119, 146, 156, 165, 170, 178, 189, 190, 197, 203, 219, 223, 224, 238, 241, 242 al-Ayyûbî (al-Nâsir Salâh al-Dîn) ..........240 al-Kâmil al-Ayyûbî ...............................178 khédive Ismâ‘îl ..18, 68, 72, 130, 140, 198 Qalâwwûn (al-Nâsir) ......................86, 135 Qâytbây (al-Ashraf Abû al-Nasr) ....10, 17, 21, 115, 132, 139, 144, 145, 189, 235, 243 Roi Fârûq Ier ........................................182 Sultan Hasan .......................................203 Sultan Husayn Kâmil .............................63 Téti Ier ..............................................211, 232 Thoutmosis Ier ..........................................193 Thoutmosis II.................10, 61, 78, 120, 150 Thoutmosis III ........10, 61, 78, 120, 150, 193 Thoutmosis IV ...........................................10 Toutankhamon .....15, 31, 33, 35, 60, 63, 64, 66, 70, 71, 79, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 120, 123, 124, 126, 155, 164, 189, 193 Sphinx.16, 17, 50, 61, 66, 74, 86, 92, 120, 134, 136, 138, 192, 205 Sphinx criocéphales ....................74, 92, 192 BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 Statue ..... 14, 16, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 35, 42, 46, 48, 50, 59, 61, 65, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 90, 91, 92, 94, 99, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 128, 132, 136, 137, 141, 142, 147, 150, 169, 170, 180, 182,183, 195, 198, 206, 214, 215, 221, 222, 226, 229 Statuette .............................................. 113, 116 Stèles ....................................................... 9, 177 Survey...................................................... 40, 41 Symposium .......................................... 184, 185 T Table d’offrandes ................................ 222, 223 Talatate ............................................... 182, 209 Talisman ...................................................... 128 Tanagra ................................................... 24, 65 Tannerie .................................................. 10, 11 Tapis ................................................ 26, 75, 198 Tell-s Tell al-‘Amârna .......... 99, 111, 147, 215, 237 Tell al-Dab‘a .............................................. 32 Tell al-Farâ‘în................................... 150, 243 Tell al-Farkha........................................... 126 Tell al-Rab‘ .............................................. 199 Tell al-Yahûdiyya ......................... 98, 99, 244 Tell Basta ........................................ 160, 236 Temples.. 10, 15, 21, 40, 53, 54, 56, 57, 60, 65, 69, 70, 74, 78, 91, 92, 95, 100, 127, 128, 129, 136, 137, 143, 156, 157, 176, 177, 181, 222, 223, 228, 232, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243 Temple d’Abû Simbil ...................... 136, 137 Temple d’Amdâ ........................................ 10 Temple d’Hatchepsout ............................. 65 Temple d’Hibis........................................ 240 Temple d’Idfû ........................................... 60 Temple d’Isis ................................... 222, 223 Temple d’Isnâ ........................... 15, 155, 156 Temple de Dayr al-Baharî ....................... 143 Temple de Karnak 21, 74, 92, 157, 222, 236, 243 Temple de Khonsou................................ 125 Temple de Louqsor.... 21, 56, 57, 71, 73, 74, 206, 237, 241 Temple de Montou ................................. 239 Temple de Philæ ......................... 53, 91, 127 Temple de Ramsès II......................... 40, 137 Textile.................................. 119, 217, 219, 220 Coton .............................................. 156, 220 263 Index Laine..................................................75, 198 Lin ..27, 28, 96, 97, 103, 168, 181, 217, 218, 220 Titulatures Superviseur du Trésor Royal ...................142 Tombes ......9, 21, 34, 41, 51, 52, 78, 115, 125, 128, 129, 142, 153, 189, 219, 221 Tombe de Toutankhamon (KV62) 63, 64, 93, 155 Tombe QH34 ..........................................217 Tomographie......27, 28, 29, 69, 104, 169, 186, 187 Tourisme 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 Trafic archéologique ...............................15, 33 Transfert .....11, 36, 37, 40, 62, 69, 83, 89, 106, 119, 121, 126, 154, 160, 170, 179, 192, 193, 203, 216, 219, 225 Trône .........................................63, 64, 79, 185 U Unesco World Heritage List (WHL) .......13, 107, 162, 228 Union générale des archéologues arabes (UGAA) ....................................160, 161, 249 Universités American University in Cairo (AUC) ........ 247 Bournemouth University ........................... 32 Brown University ..................................... 144 Higashi Nippon International University ... 56 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven................ 127 Liverpool University ................................ 144 Pennsylvania State University.................. 153 Universidad de Jaén ....................... 217, 218 Universidad de Barcelona ....................... 221 Université Charles de Prague.... 83, 153, 154 Université d‘Ayn Shams .......................... 229 Université d’Alexandrie ............. 20, 153, 180 Université d’Hilwân ................................. 233 Université de Lund .................................... 78 Université du Caire ..... 27, 44, 121, 129, 188 Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier III .......... 9 University of Aberdeen ................... 213, 214 University of Bristol ................................. 218 University of California ............................ 127 Uniwersytet Warszawski .............. 66, 85, 143 Waseda University..................................... 56 Uraeus ........................................................... 99 V Vallées Vallée des momies dorées ...................... 154 Vallée des Rois .................... 10, 21, 191, 236 Vases ............................................... 41, 90, 138 Vase canope 26, 46, 90, 112, 141, 182, 183, 221 Vierge Marie .................................. 67, 162, 237 Viscère ........................................................... 28 Vitrine d’exposition ...... 24, 35, 60, 61, 88, 100, 119, 120, 164, 166, 228 Vol ............. 27, 76, 78, 137, 138, 175, 189, 204 W Wakâla-s ...................................... 115, 144, 145 Wakâlat Bâzar‘a ....................................... 115 Wakâlat Qâytbây..................... 115, 144, 145 Z Zone piétonne ............................................. 225 - - BIA LXII — Juillet/Décembre 2020 264