Syllabus_MES386

Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, 1931 From Nationalism to Globalized Capitalism: Modern Politics of Archeology in the Middle East Sadabad Palace scenario, 2010 Saddam Hussein mural, 1989 Meets Mondays 3:00- 6:00 pm in BEN 1.118 Peri Johnson (peri.johnson@austin.utexas.edu) Office Hours: Tuesdays 10:00 am to noon in CAL 500 and by appointment Course description What do Egyptian mummies, the recent occupation of Taksim Gezi Parkı, and geographic information systems have in common? Each is an example of the continuing entanglement of archaeology in the political economy of the contemporary Middle East, and they play significant roles in the creation of a sense of belonging in communities. At its beginnings, archaeology was the handmaiden of teleological stories of the rise of the west and the colonization of the Middle East such as the orientalist discourse of ex oriente lux. As nationalism rose in the region, the archaeology of carefully chosen cultures such as the Hittites in Turkey and ancient Judaic cultures in Israel/Palestine became incorporated into state ideologies that neglected contested cultures and alternative histories, for example, the Median (Kurdish) and Urartian (Armenian). Building on a foundation of critical readings on these colonial and national archaeologies, this seminar will focus on the contemporary place of archaeology in the political economy of the Middle East. Key topics are the tourism and commodification of culture; mummies and noxious markets; heritage industries; war, civil unrest, and the technologies of war and surveillance; and the embedding of archaeologists and anthropologists in the military. Course participation 30% (Completion of readings and participation in discussions) Three short projects/response papers 30% (response paper, mapping project, museum project) Research paper 40% (proposal, presentation, draft, final paper) 2 September—Labor Day (no class) 9 September—Critical history or historiography? McGuire, Randall H. 2008. “Introduction” and “Politics,” in Archaeology as political action. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1-50. [pdf] optional: Bernbeck, Reinhard, and Susan Pollock. 2005. “Introduction” and “A cultural-historical framework,” in Archaeologies of the Middle East. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1-40. [ebook] 16 September—Critical history & modernity Foucault, Michel. 1977. “Nietzsche, genealogy, history,” in Language, counter-memory, practice; selected essays and interviews, ed. and trans. D.F. Bouchard and S. Simon. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 139-164. [pdf] optional: Dreyfus, H.L., and P. Rabinow. 1983. “Interpretive analytics,” in Michel Foucault; beyond structuralism and hermeneutics, 2nd ed. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 104-110. [pdf] Fuhrmann, Malte. 2009. “Anatolia in German colonial imagination and practise, 1800-1918,” New Perspectives on Turkey 41:117-150. [pdf] Thomas, Julian. 2004. “Archaeology and the tensions of modernity,” in Archaeology and modernity. New York: Routledge, 35-54. [ebook] 23 September—Colonial archaeologies González-Ruibal, Alfredo. 2010. “Colonialism and European archaeology,” in Handbook of postcolonial archaeology, ed. J. Lydon and U.Z. Rizvi. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 39-50. [pdf] Porter, Benjamin W. 2010. “Near Eastern archaeology: imperial pasts, postcolonial presents, and the possibilities of a decolonized future,” in Handbook of postcolonial archaeology, ed. J. Lydon and U.Z. Rizvi. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 51-60. [pdf] Gosden, Chris. 2004. “Terra nullius,” in Archaeology and colonialism; cultural contact from 5000 BC to the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 114-152. [pdf] Goode, James F. 2007. “The Sardis affair,” in Negotiating for the past; archaeology, nationalism and diplomacy in the Middle East, 1919-1941. Austin: University of Texas Press, 31-42. [ebook] Abu El-Haj, Nadia. 2001. “Excavating archaeology” and “Scientific beginnings,” in Facts on the ground; archaeological practice and territorial self-fashioning in Israeli society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1-21, 22-44. [ebook] 30 September—Inventing traditions Hobsbawm, Eric. 1992. “Introduction: inventing traditions,” in The invention of tradition, ed. E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-14. [pdf] Ranger, Terence. 1992. “The invention of tradition in colonial Africa,” in The invention of tradition, ed. E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 211-262. [pdf] Erimtan, Can. 2008. “Hittites, Ottomans and Turks: Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist construction of Turkish nationhood in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies 58:141-171. [pdf] Shaw, Wendy M.K. 2004. “Whose Hittites, and why? Language, archaeology, and the quest for the original Turks,” in Archaeology under dictatorship, ed. M.L. Galaty and C. Watkinson. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 131–154. [pdf] ———Response paper on national interpretations——— 7 October—Nationalism in the ruins of the Ottoman Empire Anderson, Benedict. 2006 [1983]. “Introduction,” “Cultural roots,” and “The origins of national consciousness,” in Imagined communities; reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso, 1-46. [ebook] Hamilakis, Yannis. 2007. “From western to indigenous Hellenism: antiquity, archaeology, and the invention of modern Greece,” in The nation and its ruins: antiquity, archaeology, and national imagination in Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 57-123. [especially 74-112] [ebook] Baram, Uzi. 2012. “Out of time: erasing modernity in an antique city,” Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress 8:330-348. [pdf] ———Response paper due——— 14 October—Heritage after nationalism? Patterson, Thomas C. 2008. “A brief history of postcolonial theory and implications for archaeology,” in Archaeology and the postcolonial critique, ed. M. Liebmann and U.Z. Rizvi. New York: Altamira Press, 21-34. [ebook] Bernbeck, Reinhard, and Susan Pollock. 2007. “The political economy of archaeological practice and heritage in the Middle East,” in Companion to social archaeology, ed. L. Meskell and R.W. Preucel. New York: Routledge, 335-352. [ebook] Baram, Uzi. 2009. “Above and beyond ancient mounds: the archaeology of the modern periods in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean,” in International handbook of historical archaeology, ed. T. Majewski and D. Gaimster. New York: Springer, 647-662. [pdf] Greenberg, Raphael. 2009. Towards an inclusive archaeology in Jerusalem: the case of Silwan/The City of David,” Public archaeology 8:35–50. [pdf] Hodder, Ian. 1998. “The past as passion and play: Çatalhöyük as a site of conflict in the construction of multiple pasts,” in Archaeology under fire; nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, ed. L. Meskell. London: Routledge, 124-139. [ebook] Hamilakis, Yannis. 1999. “La trahison des archéologues? Archaeological practice as intellectual activity in postmodernity,” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 12: 60-79. [pdf] Bartu, Ayfer. 1999. “Archaeological practice as guerrilla activity in late modernity: commentary on Hamilakis,” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 12: 91-95. [pdf] 21 October—Surveillance & GIS in archaeology; comparison of Saudi Arabia & Iran Delle, James A., Mark P. Leone, and Paul R. Mullins. 1999. “Archaeology of the modern state: European colonialism: Mechanisms of surveillance: the panopticon, the Baroque, and surveillance institutions,” in Companion encyclopedia of archaeology, ed. G. Barker. New York: Routledge, 11071159. Read section “Mechanisms of surveillance: the panopticon, the Baroque, and surveillance institutions” 1108-1113. [ebook] Myers, Adrian. 2010. “Camp Delta, Google Earth and the ethics of remote sensing in archaeology,” World Archaeology 42:455-467. [pdf] Kennedy, David. 2011. “The ‘Works of the Old Men’ in Arabia: remote sensing in interior Arabia,” Journal of Archaeological Science 38:3185-3203. [pdf] ———————————— Abdi, Kamyar. 2001. “Nationalism, politics, and the development of archaeology in Iran,” American Journal of Archaeology 105:51-76. [pdf] Staughn, Ian. [unpublished] “‘Islam is large’: material engagements and the iconoclasm of Muslim societies,” manuscript/journal submission [do not distribute]. [especially 16-20] [pdf] Compare the following: (1) Lendering, Jona. Last modified January 28, 2007. “Cyrus Cylinder,” http://www.livius.org/ctcz/cyrus_I/cyrus_cylinder.html#Intro and http://www.livius.org/ctcz/cyrus_I/cyrus_cylinder2.html#TEXT. (2) Esfandiari, Golnaz. September 14, 2010. “Historic Cyrus Cylinder called ‘A stranger in its own home,’” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, http://www.rferl.org/content/Historic_Cyrus_Cylinder_Called_A _Stranger_In_Its_Own_Home/2157345.html. (3) House of Iran. “First declaration of human rights by Cyrus the Great,” Balboa Park, San Diego (UTM 11S 485801 m E, 3621265 m N). ———Mapping project——— 28 October—Iraq: the Heterotopia of Mesopotamia Foucault, Michel. 1986. “Of other spaces,” trans. J. Miskowiec, Diacritics 16:22-27. [pdf] Abdi, Kamyar. 2008. “From Pan-Arabism to Saddam Hussein's cult of personality: ancient Mesopotamia and Iraqi national ideology,” Journal of Social Archaeology 8:3-36. [pdf] Bernhardsson, Magnus T. 2010. “Archaeology and nationalism in Iraq, 1921-2003,” in Controlling the past, owning the future; the political uses of archaeology in the Middle East, ed. R. Boytner, L.S. Dodd, and B. Parker. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 55-67. [pdf] Bahrani, Zainab. 1998. “Conjuring Mesopotamia: imaginative geography and a world past,” in Archaeology under fire; nationalism, politics and heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, ed. L. Meskell. London: Routledge, 159-174. [ebook] ———Mapping project due——— 4 November—Iraq & Afganistan: War & archaeology Human Terrain System (HTS) program Hamilakis, Yannis. 2009. “The ‘War on Terror’ and the military–archaeology complex: Iraq, ethics, and neo-colonialism,” Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress 5:39-65. [pdf] Mourad, Tamima Orra. 2007. “An ethical archaeology in the Near East: confronting empire, war and colonization,” Archaeology and capitalism; from ethics to politics, ed. Y. Hamilakis and P. Duke. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 151-167. [ebook] Network of Concerned Anthropologists. 2009. The counter-counterinsurgency manual. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press. [https://sites.google.com/site/concernedanthropologists/] [pdf] Rush, Laurie. 2012. “Protecting the past to secure the future: an archaeologist working for the army,” in Anthropologists in the securityscape; ethics, practice, and professional identity, ed. R. Albro et al. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 143-153. [pdf] Price, David. February 15, 2010. “How U.S. military gameplans war on greens inside U.S.; ‘ethical concerns’ a bad joke; Human Terrain Systems dissenter resigns, tells inside story of training’s heart of darkness,” Counterpunch [http://www.counterpunch.org/2010/02/15/human-terrain-systemsdissenter-resigns-tells-inside-story-of-training-s-heart-of-darkness/] [pdf] Cultural Heritage by AIA-Military Panel (CHAMP) http://aiamilitarypanel.org/ ———Research paper proposal due——— 11 November—Looting Satz, Debra. 2010. “Introduction,” “What do markets do?,” and “Noxious markets,” in Why some things should not be for sale. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3-11, 15-35, 91-112. [ebook] Kersel, Morag. 2007. “Transcending borders: objects on the move,” Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress 3:81-98. [pdf] Al-Houdalieh, Salah Hussein. 2012. “Archaeological heritage and spiritual protection: looting and the jinn in Palestine,” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 25.1:99-120. [pdf] http://traffickingculture.org/ http://chasingaphrodite.com/ http://www.savingantiquities.org/ http://sustainablepreservation.org/ http://www.artcrimeresearch.org/ ———Museum project——— 18 November—Archaeology within Islamic capitalism Kehoe, Alice B. 2007. “Archaeology within marketing capitalism,” in Archaeology and capitalism; from ethics to politics, ed. Y. Hamilakis and P. Duke. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 169-178. [ebook] Holtorf, Cornelius. 2005. “Authenticity,” in From Stonehenge to Las Vegas; archaeology as popular culture. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 112-129. [pdf] Mullins, Paul. R. 2007. “Ideology, power, and capitalism: the historical archaeology of consumption,” in Companion to social archaeology, ed. L. Meskell and R.W. Preucel. New York: Routledge, 195-211. [ebook] http://www.hayal-et.org/i.php/site/bilgi_info ———Museum project due——— 25 November—Tourism, terrorism & violence in Egypt Colla, Elliott. 2007. “Conclusion,” in Conflicted antiquities; Egyptology, Egyptomania, Egyptian modernity. Durham:Duke University Press, 273-277. [ebook] Wynn, L.L. 2007. “Introduction: from the pyramids to the nightclubs of Pyramids Road,” in Pyramids and nightclubs; a travel ethnography of Arab and Western imaginations of Egypt, from King Tut and a colony of Atlantis to rumors of sex orgies, urban legends about a marauding prince, and blonde belly dancers. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1-27. [ebook] Meskell, Lynn. 2005. “Sites of violence: terrorism, tourism, and heritage in the archaeological present,” in Embedding ethics, ed. L. Meskell and P. Pels. Oxford: Berg, 123-146. [pdf] Teijgeler, René. 2013. “Politics and heritage in Egypt: one and a half years after the lotus revolution,” Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress 9:230-251. [pdf] 2 December—Research paper project presentations ———Presentations——— 9 December—‘no-class day’ ———Research paper draft due——— 16 December—Research paper due 5:00 pm, hard copy in Middle Eastern Studies office